591:"Dreaming" is now also used as a term for a system of totemic symbols, so that an Aboriginal person may "own" a specific Dreaming, such as Kangaroo Dreaming, Shark Dreaming, Honey Ant Dreaming, Badger Dreaming, or any combination of Dreamings pertinent to their country. This is because in the Dreaming an individual's entire ancestry exists as one, culminating in the idea that all worldly knowledge is accumulated through one's ancestors. Many Aboriginal Australians also refer to the world-creation time as "Dreamtime". The Dreaming laid down the patterns of life for the Aboriginal people.
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provides for a total, integrated way of life ... a lived daily reality". It embraces past, present and future. Another definition suggests that it represents "the relationship between people, plants, animals and the physical features of the land; the knowledge of how these relationships came to be, what they mean and how they need to be maintained in daily life and in
494:
The concept of the
Dreaming is inadequately explained by English terms, and difficult to explain in terms of non-Aboriginal cultures. It has been described as "an all-embracing concept that provides rules for living, a moral code, as well as rules for interacting with the natural environment ...
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Dreaming existed before the life of the individual begins, and continues to exist when the life of the individual ends. Both before and after life, it is believed that this spirit-child exists in the
Dreaming and is only initiated into life by being born through a mother. The spirit of the child is
612:) were established, some of which could travel right across Australia, through as many as six to ten different language groupings. The dreaming and travelling trails of these heroic spirit beings are the songlines. The signs of the spirit beings may be of spiritual essence, physical remains such as
471:
In
English, anthropologists have variously translated words normally understood to mean Dreaming or Dreamtime in a variety of other ways, including "Everywhen", "world-dawn", "ancestral past", "ancestral present", "ancestral now" (satirically), "unfixed in time", "abiding events" or "abiding law".
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Ghelli's work appears as an authentic initiatory experience, with important ordeals to overcome. No
Aboriginal boy can be considered a man, nor can an Aboriginal girl marry, until he or she has overcome all the initiatory rituals. One of these, perhaps the most feared, is the interpretation of
655:
Dreaming stories vary throughout
Australia, with variations on the same theme. The meaning and significance of particular places and creatures is wedded to their origin in The Dreaming, and certain places have a particular potency or Dreaming. For example, the story of how the sun was made is
1477:("Into the Crystal Dreamtime", promotional pamphlet, late 1980s; "Crystal Woman: isters of the Dreamtime" 1987; p. 36:"the prescriptive New Age genre, which sells one-hundred-proof ethnological antimodernism without overmuch worry about bothersome ethnographic facts")
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of that part of their country and is taught the stories and songlines of that place. As Wolf (1994: p. 14) states: "A 'black fella' may regard his totem or the place from which his spirit came as his
Dreaming. He may also regard tribal law as his Dreaming."
793:
Stanner warned about uncritical use of the term and was aware of its semantic difficulties, while at the same time he continued using it and contributed to its popularisation; according to Swain it is "still used uncritically in contemporary literature".
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during the fifth month of pregnancy. When the mother felt the child move in the womb for the first time, it was thought that this was the work of the spirit of the land in which the mother then stood. Upon birth, the child is considered to be a special
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beliefs that
Aboriginal people were at a pre-religion "stage" of development (and thus could not believe in a supreme being), while Strehlow as a Christian missionary found presence of belief in the divine a useful entry point for proselytising.
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performed at such sites "are a re-creation of the events which created the site during The
Dreaming". The ceremony helps the life force at the site to remain active and to keep creating new life: if not performed, new life cannot be created.
99:", during which the land was inhabited by ancestral figures, often of heroic proportions or with supernatural abilities. These figures were often distinct from gods, as they did not control the material world and were not
619:
Some of the ancestor or spirit beings inhabiting the
Dreamtime become one with parts of the landscape, such as rocks or trees. The concept of a life force is also often associated with sacred sites, and
268:, which Spencer and Gillen gave a corrupted transcription and a false etymology. "The native," Strehlow concluded, "knows nothing of 'dreamtime' as a designation of a certain period of their history."
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of the world and humankind. Strehlow describes him as a tall strong man with red skin, long fair hair, and emu legs, with many red-skinned wives (with dog legs) and children. In
Strehlow's account,
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genre, the songs and dances express themes related to death and regeneration. They are performed publicly with the singer composing from their daily lives or while Dreaming of a
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has an expansive meaning for Warlpiri people, encompassing their own law and related cultural knowledge systems, along with what non-Indigenous people refer to as 'dreaming
332:
ambiguous, sometimes describing a supreme being, and sometimes describing a totem being but not necessarily a supreme one. He attributes the clash partly to Spencer's
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107:. The concept of the Dreamtime has subsequently become widely adopted beyond its original Australian context and is now part of global popular culture.
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The station-master, magistrate, and amateur ethnographer Francis Gillen first used the terms in an ethnographical report in 1896. Along with
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in Western Australia. The Noongar believe that the Waugal, or Wagyl, created the Swan River and is represented by the Darling scarp.
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However, by the time Strehlow was writing, his contacts had been converts to Christianity for decades, and critics suggested that
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as "the name applied to the far distant past with which the earliest traditions of the tribe deal". Five years later, in their
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514:. Dreamings may be represented in artworks, for example "Pikilyi Jukurrpa" by Theo (Faye) Nangala represents the Dreaming of
816:), was a convert to Christianity, and the adoption of his interpretation suffered from a methodological error, according to
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2047:"'Dates add nothing to our culture': Everywhen explores Indigenous deep history, challenging linear, colonial narratives"
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is named, believe that the sandstone escarpment that dominates the park's landscape was created in the Dreamtime when
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1874:(in Italian, English, and German). Poggibonsi (province of Siena), Italy: Carlo Cambi Editore. pp. 18, 70.
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Charlesworth, Max (2017). "Introduction". In Charlesworth, Max; Dussart, Françoise; Morphy, Howard (eds.).
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1914:"Mutilated hands or signal stencils? A consideration of irregular hand stencils from Central Queensland"
682:– a serpent being that meandered over the land creating rivers, waterways and lakes and who created the
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A dreaming is often associated with a particular place, and may also belong to specific ages, gender or
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2078:"What does Jukurrpa ('Dreamtime', 'the Dreaming') mean? A semantic and conceptual journey of discovery"
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Linguist David Campbell Moore is critical of Spencer and Gillen's "Dreamtime" translation, concluding:
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Creation is believed to be the work of culture heroes who travelled across a formless land, creating
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350:", which held only over a limited geographical domain. There was some semantic relationship between "
31:
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Early doubts about the precision of Spencer and Gillen's English gloss were expressed by the German
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1978:"Should the Subaltern Dream? "Australian Aborigines" and the Problem of Ethnographic Ventriloquism"
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61:, which may be memorials, signs from or appeals to totemic ancestors or records of Dreaming stories
702:(the crocodile-man) was badly burned during a ceremony and jumped into the water to save himself.
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356:" and "a dream", but to imagine that the latter captures the essence of "Altjira" is an illusion.
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Most translations of the Dreaming into other languages are based on the translation of the word
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from the 1890s that used the word to mean "associated with past times" or "eternal", not "god".
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1991:
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The Cunning of Recognition: Indigenous Alterities and the Making of Australian Multiculturalism
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and the implied criticism of Gillen and Spencer's original work. Spencer found attestations of
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said that the concept was best understood by non-Aboriginal people as "a complex of meanings".
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The Dreaming Universe: a mind-expanding journey into the realm where psyche and physics meet
344:"Dreamtime" was a mistranslation based on an etymological connection between "a dream" and "
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and is now ubiquitous in the English vocabulary of Aboriginal Australians in a kind of "
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538:, the Creator God and Sky Father in the dreaming of several Aboriginal language groups
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262:, literally "to see God". Strehlow theorised that the noun is the somewhat rare word
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In 1926, Spencer conducted a field study to challenge Strehlow's conclusion about
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The complex of religious beliefs encapsulated by the Dreamings are also called:
252:, whose etymology was unknown, as an eternal being who had no beginning. In the
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803:"he dim past to which the natives give the name of the 'Alcheringa'." (p.119)
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Waugals (yellow triangles with a black snake in the centre) are the official
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225:, sees the Milky Way as a river connected to the dwelling of a Creator Deity.
222:
121:
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of body impressions or footprints, among natural and elemental simulacra.
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820:, since his conversion made his views on pre-contact beliefs unreliable.
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1848:
A Place for Strangers: Towards a History of Australian Aboriginal Being
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meaning "dream", and affirm that the term is current also among the
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and significant places of interest in their travels. In this way, "
230:
129:
1895:
Wisdom of the Earth: the living legacy of the Aboriginal dreamtime
1288:
Storytracking: Texts, Stories & Histories in Central Australia
1097:
3130:
1487:. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press. p. 1.
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687:
669:
515:
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lives in the sky (which is a body of land through which runs the
100:
1598:"'Dreamings' and dreaming narratives: What's the relationship?"
1458:
Exotics at Home: Anthropologies, Others, and American Modernity
1073:
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890:
644:
577:
535:
1438:
Voices of the First Day: Awakening in the Aboriginal dreamtime
3150:
2709:
2679:
1694:
Religion and non-religion among Australian Aboriginal Peoples
1578:"'Dreamtime' and 'The Dreaming': Who dreamed up these terms?"
747:, the concept of the eternal or unlimited in Greek philosophy
678:
665:
630:
491:
in Croatian (a gerund derived from the verb for "to dream").
218:
941:
887:
768:, concepts of the eternal or limitless in Chinese philosophy
3175:
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3100:
2339:
1658:
Dreaming: Anthropological and Psychological Interpretations
1484:
Songs, Dreamings, and Ghosts: The Wangga of North Australia
534:
Ku-ring-gai Chase-petroglyph, via Waratah Track, depicting
2121:
95:
The Dreaming is used to represent Aboriginal concepts of "
1049:
974:
972:
970:
968:
1133:
1003:
1001:
999:
907:
905:
151:
By the 1990s, Dreaming had acquired its own currency in
1334:
Australian Dreaming: 40,000 Years of Aboriginal History
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1013:
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953:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
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to refer to a religio-cultural worldview attributed to
1440:. Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions International.
1265:
1158:
Aboriginal Perth and Bibbulmun biographies and legends
1103:
1025:
965:
2061:
Everywhen: Australia and the Language of Deep History
1357:
Long History, Deep Time: Deepening Histories of Place
1311:
Broken Song: T G H Strehlow and Aboriginal Possession
1037:
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902:
850:
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meaning "good") as the Arrente word for the eternal
1246:
1121:
1079:
3099:
2521:Office of the Registrar of Indigenous Corporations
1818:. Canberra: Australian National University Press.
1617:
917:
845:
351:
345:
320:
284:
278:
272:
263:
257:
188:
115:
2075:
1558:"'Dreamtime' and 'The Dreaming': An introduction"
1377:
1109:
1085:
896:
525:
248:). He noted that his Arrernte contacts explained
3188:
758:, an arts festival that ran from 1997 until 2012
308:had been used by missionaries as a word for the
44:"Everywhen" redirects here. For other uses, see
37:"Dreamtime" redirects here. For other uses, see
1887:symbols in paintings associated with Dreamtime.
1596:Nicholls, Christine Judith (5 February 2014b).
1576:Nicholls, Christine Judith (28 January 2014c).
1556:Nicholls, Christine Judith (22 January 2014a).
1528:"Nelson Jagamara, Michael; Metafisica Australe"
1232:. Vitality of Indigenous Religions. Routledge.
3008:Northern Territory National Emergency Response
2511:National Congress of Australia's First Peoples
1687:
1653:"The waking dream in ethnographic perspective"
1650:
1230:Religion In Aboriginal Australia: An Anthology
629:culturally understood to enter the developing
603:
486:
3085:
2496:Australian Aboriginal Progressive Association
2107:
1897:. East Roseville, NSW: Simon & Schuster.
1869:
1775:
1749:
1723:
1526:
1055:
947:
935:
27:Sacred era in Australian Aboriginal mythology
2563:
1418:"What is the 'Dreamtime' or the 'Dreaming'?"
1291:. Oxford University Press. pp. 93–103.
1227:
1188:Readings in Social Evolution and Development
568:Aboriginal Australian religion and mythology
480:
1816:White Man Got No Dreaming: Essays 1938–1973
1791:
1692:. In Cox, James L.; Possamai, Adam (eds.).
1454:
1355:. In McGrath, Ann; Jebb, Mary Anne (eds.).
1208:
1067:
1019:
466:
179:, in 1899. In that work, they spoke of the
3092:
3078:
2603:South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council
2588:Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land Council
2114:
2100:
2064:(University of Nebraska, 2023), edited by
1892:
1396:
911:
328:Academic Sam Gill finds Strehlow's use of
2076:Goddard, Cliff; Wierzbicka, Anna (2015).
1940:
1870:Vanni, Maurizio; Pedretti, Carlo (2005).
1615:
1595:
1575:
1555:
1139:
1043:
1007:
881:
92:, who, however, later revised his views.
1760:The northern tribes of central Australia
541:
529:
208:
110:The term is based on a rendition of the
52:
2325:National Indigenous Human Rights Awards
2197:People from politics and public service
1832:
1810:
1719:. Self-published. Bone-A–Fides section.
14:
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2123:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders
1785:The Native Tribes of Central Australia
1480:
1435:
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1174:
1127:
3073:
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1975:
1911:
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1210:"Catapult Wall Art: Pikilyi Jukurrpa"
1155:
1115:
1091:
1031:
990:
923:
854:
839:
256:, the proper verb for "to dream" was
2305:Literature of Indigenous Australians
1956:
1893:Voigt, Anna; Drury, Neville (1997).
1361:Australian National University Press
1305:
1284:
978:
959:
751:Dreaming (Australian Aboriginal art)
185:Northern Tribes of Central Australia
1271:Working with Indigenous Australians
84:, quickly adopted by his colleague
24:
2486:Aborigines Progressive Association
2014:
1961:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
1734:Native Tribes of Central Australia
177:Native Tribes of Central Australia
25:
3213:
1872:Giuliano Ghelli. Le vie del tempo
1714:
812:The Strehlows' informant, Moses (
175:, Gillen published a major work,
161:self-fulfilling academic prophecy
1980:. In Humphreys, Sarah C. (ed.).
1688:Price-Williams, Douglas (2016).
1651:Price-Williams, Douglas (1987).
1616:Povinelli, Elizabeth A. (2002).
712:
122:Aranda (Arunta, Arrernte) people
3197:Australian Aboriginal mythology
2824:Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976
2045:Clark, Anna (6 February 2024).
1502:Moore, David (1 January 2016).
1416:Korff, Jens (8 February 2019).
806:
499:". According to Simon Wright, "
485:in French ("dream spaces") and
78:Australian Aboriginal mythology
3036:Uluru Statement from the Heart
2453:Torres Strait Island languages
1933:10.1080/03122417.1979.12093358
797:
787:
572:Related entities are known as
526:Aboriginal beliefs and culture
360:
88:and thereafter popularised by
13:
1:
2501:Australian Aborigines' League
2481:Aborigines Advancement League
2398:Australian Aboriginal English
2085:Australian Aboriginal Studies
1655:. In Tedlock, Barbara (ed.).
1532:QAGOMA Collection Online Beta
1455:di Leonardo, Micaela (2000).
564:Aboriginal Australian culture
221:. The Dreaming, according to
140:is a widespread term used by
132:, uncreated". Anthropologist
72:, is a term devised by early
2541:National Reconciliation Week
1988:University of Michigan Press
1840:. Boyer Lecture Series. ABC.
1402:National Museum of Australia
1267:"The Dreaming: Sacred sites"
827:
166:
146:Western Desert cultural bloc
80:. It was originally used by
7:
2593:NSW Aboriginal Land Council
2531:Registered Aboriginal Party
2516:National Indigenous Council
2403:Macro-Gunwinyguan languages
1717:Bone #46, Tenth Anniversary
1463:University of Chicago Press
1336:. Sydney: Lansdowne Press.
705:
10:
3218:
2971:Constitutional recognition
2840:Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars
2476:Aboriginal Medical Service
1853:Cambridge University Press
1663:Cambridge University Press
1624:. Durham, North Carolina:
1534:. Government of Queensland
1332:Isaacs, Jennifier (1980).
1148:
1104:The Dreaming: Sacred sites
686:. In another example, the
561:
204:
46:Everywhen (disambiguation)
43:
39:Dreamtime (disambiguation)
36:
29:
3111:
2958:
2813:
2723:
2620:
2461:
2383:
2365:Traditional custodianship
2225:
2177:
2129:
2035:Resources in your library
948:Spencer & Gillen 1904
936:Spencer & Gillen 1899
776:(1982 album by Kate Bush)
518:(Vaughan Springs) in the
144:and other peoples of the
32:Dreaming (disambiguation)
2830:Australian Frontier Wars
2536:Reconciliation Australia
1957:Wolf, Fred Alan (1994).
1690:"Altjira, Dream and God"
780:
756:Festival of the Dreaming
467:Translations and meaning
2882:Australian history wars
2743:Contemporary visual art
2159:Torres Strait Islanders
1983:Cultures of Scholarship
1976:Wolfe, Patrick (1997).
1777:Spencer, Walter Baldwin
1436:Lawlor, Robert (1991).
1252:Encyclopædia Britannica
1080:Encyclopædia Britannica
604:
352:
346:
321:
285:
279:
273:
264:
258:
254:Upper Arrernte language
189:
116:
3105:religion and mythology
2578:Kimberley Land Council
2428:Pama–Nyungan languages
2418:Loanwords into English
2335:Religion and mythology
2288:Torres Strait Islander
2139:Aboriginal Australians
2072:, and Laura Rademaker.
1921:Australian Archaeology
1550:, no.2, 2018, pp.52–3.
1505:Altjira, Dream and God
1481:Marett, Allan (2005).
938:, p. 73 n.1, 645.
559:
539:
487:
481:
399:Pitjantjatjara dialect
358:
233:pastor and missionary
226:
173:Walter Baldwin Spencer
68:, also referred to as
62:
2917:Native Title Act 1993
2852:Cummeragunja walk-off
2598:Northern Land Council
2448:Torres Strait English
2375:Torres Strait Islands
1912:Walsh, G. L. (1979).
1781:Gillen, Francis James
1626:Duke University Press
1351:James, Diana (2015).
1285:Gill, Sam D. (1998).
1180:"Religious Evolution"
1156:Bates, Daisy (1996).
897:Central Art: Jukurrpa
562:Further information:
550:trailmarkers between
545:
533:
342:
334:cultural evolutionist
212:
56:
2573:Central Land Council
1845:Swain, Tony (1993).
1465:. p. 377 n.42.
1194:. pp. 211–244.
728:Aboriginal mythology
696:Kakadu National Park
30:For other uses, see
2330:Outstation movement
2169:Western Australians
1700:. pp. 85–108.
1508:. pp. 85–108.
1160:. Hesperion Press.
962:, pp. 140–141.
676:is the body of the
479:. Examples include
86:Sir Baldwin Spencer
3023:Stolen Generations
3013:Self-determination
2933:Stolen Generations
2867:Historical figures
2847:Caledon Bay crisis
2670:Fire-stick farming
2583:Maralinga Tjarutja
2202:Performing artists
1838:After The Dreaming
1787:. New York: Dover.
1765:Macmillan & Co
1739:Macmillan & Co
1363:. pp. 33–46.
1315:Knopf-Random House
993:, pp. 85–108.
981:, pp. 93–103.
766:Taiji (philosophy)
560:
540:
520:Northern Territory
439:Ngunnawal language
227:
63:
3184:
3183:
3171:Wheel of the Year
3067:
3066:
2950:Western Australia
2685:Possum-skin cloak
2616:
2615:
2608:Tiwi Land Council
2443:Taboo on the dead
2408:Australian Creole
2149:Aboriginal groups
2021:Library resources
2001:978-0-472-06654-4
1904:978-0-7318-0569-3
1862:978-0-521-44691-4
1825:978-0-7081-1802-3
1707:978-1-317-06795-5
1676:978-0-521-34004-5
1639:978-0-8223-2868-1
1515:978-1-4724-4383-0
1494:978-0-8195-6618-8
1472:978-0-226-47264-5
1370:9781--925-02253-7
1324:978-1-742-74940-2
1298:978-0-19-511587-1
1239:978-1-351-96127-1
1201:978-1-483-13786-5
1176:Bellah, Robert N.
1167:978-0-85905-135-4
1056:QAGOMA Collection
1034:, pp. 21–22.
842:, pp. 33–41.
762:Wuji (philosophy)
672:believe that the
662:Western Australia
614:petrosomatoglyphs
610:Warlpiri language
237:in his 1908 book
126:Central Australia
16:(Redirected from
3209:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3071:
3070:
2561:
2560:
2393:Avoidance speech
2355:Smoking ceremony
2116:
2109:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2056:
2052:The Conversation
2009:
2006:Internet Archive
1972:
1953:
1952:on 30 July 2020.
1951:
1945:. Archived from
1944:
1918:
1908:
1889:
1866:
1841:
1829:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1788:
1772:
1769:Internet Archive
1751:Spencer, Baldwin
1746:
1743:Internet Archive
1725:Spencer, Baldwin
1720:
1711:
1684:
1681:Internet Archive
1647:
1644:Internet Archive
1623:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1602:The Conversation
1592:
1590:
1588:
1582:The Conversation
1572:
1570:
1568:
1562:The Conversation
1552:
1541:
1539:
1523:
1498:
1476:
1451:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1422:Creative Spirits
1412:
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1184:Eisenstadt, S.N.
1171:
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804:
801:
795:
791:
722:
720:Australia portal
717:
716:
715:
607:
506:
490:
484:
482:Espaces de rĂŞves
461:Noongar language
443:Ngarigo language
419:in the language
412:Ngarinyin people
355:
349:
324:
288:
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192:
119:
21:
3217:
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3187:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3107:
3098:
3068:
3063:
3003:Media portrayal
2966:1967 Referendum
2954:
2862:Gurindji Strike
2857:Day of Mourning
2809:
2719:
2612:
2559:
2457:
2413:Language groups
2379:
2221:
2173:
2125:
2120:
2080:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2015:Further reading
2012:
2002:
1969:
1949:
1916:
1905:
1882:
1863:
1826:
1801:
1799:
1797:Noongar Culture
1708:
1677:
1640:
1606:
1604:
1586:
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1566:
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1537:
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1516:
1495:
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1426:
1424:
1406:
1404:
1387:
1385:
1371:
1353:"Tjukurpa Time"
1344:
1325:
1299:
1275:
1273:
1256:
1254:
1240:
1218:
1216:
1214:Catapult Design
1202:
1168:
1151:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1068:Catapult Design
1066:
1062:
1054:
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1042:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1020:Noongar Culture
1018:
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997:
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792:
788:
783:
733:Rainbow Serpent
718:
713:
711:
708:
658:New South Wales
652:(dead spirit).
570:
548:Bibbulmun Track
528:
504:
469:
452:Dharug language
395:Warlpiri people
363:
271:Strehlow gives
207:
169:
153:popular culture
142:Warlpiri people
134:William Stanner
74:anthropologists
59:Carnarvon Gorge
57:Stencil art at
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3215:
3205:
3204:
3202:Creation myths
3199:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
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3056:
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3054:
3049:
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3032:
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3030:
3028:Half-Caste Act
3020:
3018:Reconciliation
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2996:Protected Area
2993:
2983:
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2973:
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2962:
2960:
2956:
2955:
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2947:
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2923:Pilbara strike
2920:
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2902:
2901:
2891:
2886:
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2869:
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2811:
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2740:
2735:
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2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2700:Spinifex resin
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
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2438:Sign languages
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2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2212:Visual artists
2209:
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2174:
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2127:
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2096:
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2089:
2073:
2057:
2038:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2000:
1973:
1967:
1954:
1909:
1903:
1890:
1880:
1867:
1861:
1842:
1834:Stanner, W. H.
1830:
1824:
1808:
1793:"Spirituality"
1789:
1773:
1747:
1721:
1712:
1706:
1685:
1675:
1648:
1638:
1613:
1593:
1573:
1553:
1544:Simon Wright,
1524:
1514:
1499:
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1478:
1471:
1452:
1446:
1433:
1413:
1394:
1375:
1369:
1348:
1342:
1329:
1323:
1303:
1297:
1282:
1263:
1248:"the Dreaming"
1244:
1238:
1225:
1206:
1200:
1172:
1166:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1142:, p. 200.
1140:Povinelli 2002
1132:
1120:
1108:
1096:
1084:
1072:
1060:
1048:
1044:Nicholls 2014c
1036:
1024:
1012:
1008:Nicholls 2014b
995:
983:
964:
952:
950:, p. 745.
940:
928:
916:
912:NMoA: Jukurrpa
901:
886:
882:Nicholls 2014a
859:
844:
831:
829:
826:
823:
822:
805:
796:
785:
784:
782:
779:
778:
777:
769:
759:
753:
748:
742:
741:
740:
735:
724:
723:
707:
704:
586:Pitjantjatjara
527:
524:
468:
465:
464:
463:
454:
445:
432:
428:in North-East
423:
414:
401:
380:
374:Ngarrarngkarni
362:
359:
206:
203:
168:
165:
120:, used by the
82:Francis Gillen
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3119:
3117:
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3110:
3106:
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3095:
3090:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3060:
3059:Voting rights
3057:
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3048:
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3043:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3033:
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3019:
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2935:
2934:
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2924:
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2912:
2911:Native police
2909:
2907:
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2900:
2897:
2896:
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2738:Bark painting
2736:
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2650:Bush medicine
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2565:Land councils
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2474:
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2466:
2464:
2463:Organisations
2460:
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2315:Message stick
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2280:
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2258:
2256:
2255:Deadly Awards
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
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2230:
2228:
2224:
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2185:
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2182:
2180:
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2170:
2167:
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2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
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2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2086:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2027:
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2007:
2003:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1968:0-671-74946-3
1964:
1960:
1955:
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1943:
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1926:
1922:
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1900:
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1888:
1883:
1881:88-88482-41-5
1877:
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1864:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1812:Stanner, Bill
1809:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1755:Gillen, F. J.
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1729:Gillen, F. J.
1726:
1722:
1718:
1715:Smith, Jeff.
1713:
1709:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1686:
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1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
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1496:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1453:
1449:
1447:0-89281-355-5
1443:
1439:
1434:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1343:0-7018-1330-X
1339:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1283:
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1268:
1264:
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1249:
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1235:
1231:
1226:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1197:
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1189:
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1177:
1173:
1169:
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1159:
1154:
1153:
1141:
1136:
1129:
1124:
1117:
1112:
1105:
1100:
1093:
1088:
1081:
1076:
1069:
1064:
1057:
1052:
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1040:
1033:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1009:
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1000:
992:
987:
980:
975:
973:
971:
969:
961:
956:
949:
944:
937:
932:
926:, p. 36.
925:
920:
913:
908:
906:
898:
893:
891:
883:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
857:, p. 21.
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2991:Native title
2945:Tent embassy
2928:Pintupi Nine
2915:
2835:Bathurst War
2822:
2805:Yininmadyemi
2790:Sandpainting
2785:Papunya Tula
2780:NATSIA Award
2768:Music groups
2690:Scarred tree
2660:Dugout canoe
2350:Sacred sites
2265:The Dreaming
2264:
2207:Sportspeople
2084:
2066:Jakelin Troy
2059:
2050:
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1982:
1958:
1947:the original
1927:(9): 33–41.
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1270:
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1251:
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596:sacred sites
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94:
69:
66:The Dreaming
65:
64:
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3141:Eschatology
2986:Land rights
2889:King plates
2705:Sweet foods
2675:Food groups
2645:Bush tucker
2385:Language(s)
2320:NAIDOC Week
2270:Enumeration
2179:Individuals
2144:Communities
2087:(1): 34–65.
2070:Ann McGrath
1990:. pp.
1665:. pp.
1383:Central Art
1307:Hill, Barry
1128:Marett 2005
694:, for whom
512:skin groups
430:Arnhem Land
397:and in the
378:Gija people
361:Other terms
265:altjirrinja
259:altjirerama
90:A. P. Elkin
3191:Categories
3161:Golden Age
3156:Heortology
3151:Eviternity
3136:Divination
2877:Prehistory
2800:Visual art
2753:Didgeridoo
2665:Fibrecraft
2640:Bush bread
2506:Mass media
2433:Placenames
2310:Marn Grook
2300:Kurdaitcha
2283:Aboriginal
2245:Corroboree
2164:Victorians
2154:Tasmanians
1628:. p.
1398:"Jukurrpa"
1379:"Jukurrpa"
1257:26 January
1116:Bates 1996
1092:Korff 2019
1032:Swain 1993
991:Moore 2016
924:James 2015
855:Swain 1993
840:Walsh 1979
818:Barry Hill
814:Tjalkabota
692:Arnhemland
690:people of
684:Swan River
622:ceremonies
435:Daramoolen
239:Die Aranda
181:Alcheringa
117:alcheringa
101:worshipped
2899:Black War
2894:Massacres
2733:Artefacts
2630:Boomerang
2622:Bushcraft
2546:Sorry Day
2360:Songlines
2235:Astronomy
2192:Musicians
2187:Activists
2026:Dreamtime
1783:(1968) .
1698:Routledge
1607:7 January
1587:7 January
1567:7 January
1178:(2013) .
979:Gill 1998
960:Hill 2003
828:Citations
738:Tjilbruke
636:custodian
600:songlines
574:Mura-mura
552:Kalamunda
391:Tjukurrpa
299:Milky Way
215:Milky Way
199:Unmatjera
167:Etymology
103:but only
97:Everywhen
70:Dreamtime
18:Dreamtime
3166:Prophecy
3146:Eternity
3121:Calendar
2906:Missions
2758:Dreaming
2655:Coolamon
2526:Politics
2370:Tjurunga
1942:2328/708
1836:(1968).
1814:(1979).
1802:12 March
1757:(1904).
1731:(1899).
1547:Artlines
1538:18 March
1407:18 March
1388:18 March
1309:(2003).
1219:18 March
1192:Elsevier
706:See also
582:Tjukurpa
501:jukurrpa
497:ceremony
488:Snivanje
457:Nyitting
387:Tjukurpa
383:Jukurrpa
245:Arrernte
231:Lutheran
138:Jukurrpa
3131:Destiny
3126:Deities
2938:Apology
2872:History
2815:History
2715:Woomera
2491:AIATSIS
2345:Seasons
2295:Kinship
2260:Deities
2250:Country
2227:Culture
2217:Writers
2131:Peoples
1667:246–262
1186:(ed.).
1149:Sources
745:Apeiron
688:Gagudju
670:Noongar
660:and in
642:In the
608:in the
580:and as
576:by the
516:Pikilyi
459:in the
450:in the
417:Manguny
410:by the
393:by the
376:by the
353:Altjira
347:Altjira
330:Altjira
322:altjira
317:Altjira
306:Altjira
295:Altjira
291:creator
274:Altjira
250:altjira
205:Altjira
195:Kaitish
190:alcheri
157:tourism
130:eternal
112:Arandic
105:revered
3042:Treaty
2981:Health
2959:Issues
2423:Palawa
2279:Flags
2275:Elders
2023:about
1998:
1965:
1901:
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1427:2 July
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1276:2 July
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1164:
668:, the
650:nyuidj
645:Wangga
602:" (or
556:Albany
536:Baiame
426:Wongar
408:Wungud
3052:Voice
3047:Truth
2976:Crime
2763:Music
2748:Dance
2710:Waddy
2695:Soaks
2680:Humpy
2471:ATSIC
2081:(PDF)
1992:57–96
1950:(PDF)
1917:(PDF)
1182:. In
781:Notes
700:Ginga
679:Wagyl
666:Perth
631:fetus
578:Dieri
477:dream
404:Ungud
219:Uluru
217:over
114:word
3176:Yuga
3116:Aeon
3101:Time
2795:Vibe
2773:Rock
2725:Arts
2635:Buka
2555:TSRA
2340:Riji
2240:Bora
1996:ISBN
1963:ISBN
1899:ISBN
1876:ISBN
1857:ISBN
1820:ISBN
1804:2023
1702:ISBN
1671:ISBN
1634:ISBN
1609:2019
1589:2019
1569:2019
1540:2021
1510:ISBN
1489:ISBN
1467:ISBN
1442:ISBN
1429:2020
1409:2021
1390:2021
1365:ISBN
1338:ISBN
1319:ISBN
1293:ISBN
1278:2020
1259:2013
1234:ISBN
1221:2021
1196:ISBN
1162:ISBN
764:and
605:Yiri
566:and
554:and
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441:and
286:mara
243:The
213:The
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