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306:. The evangelical movement was encouraged to build fountains in churchyards to encourage the poor to see churches as supporting them. Many fountains have inscriptions such as "Jesus said whosoever drinketh of this water shall thirst again but whosoever drinketh of the water I shall give him shall never thirst". By 1877, the association was widely accepted and
180:
Drinking fountains are an important source of clean water in urban infrastructure. Many jurisdictions require drinking fountains to be wheelchair accessible (by sticking out horizontally from the wall), and to include an additional unit of a lower height for children and short adults. The design that
457:
poisoning, many governments have placed strict regulations on drinking fountain designs. The vertical spout design is now illegal in most US jurisdictions. Some governments even require water spouts to be as long as four inches to meet health standards. It is also recommended for young children to
399:
The original 'Bubbler' shot water one inch straight into the air, and the excess water ran back down over the sides of the nozzle. During World War I, company founder Halsey W. Taylor invented the "Double
Bubbler" drinking fountain. This fountain dispensed two streams of water in an arc. Several
258:
is another type of old drinking fountain found in Nepal. This is a stone container that can be filled with water and has a tap that can be opened and closed. The oldest of these is dated 530 AD. Very few jahrus are in use today, but the remnants can be found in many places.
419:
392:, founded in 1866, expressed concern about the difficulty of finding fresh water for work horses in urban areas. Combined drinking fountains with a bubbler for people, a water trough for horses and sometimes a lower basin for dogs, became popular. In particular, over 120
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The fountain became immediately popular, and was used by 7,000 people a day. In the next six years 85 fountains were built, with much of the funding coming directly from the association. The provision of drinking fountains in the United
Kingdom soon became linked to the
334:
After many of the aqueducts were destroyed after the siege of Paris in the 1870s, the
Parisian poor had no access to fresh water. Richard Wallace, an Englishman, used the money from an inheritance to fund the construction of 50 drinking fountains (ever after known as
197:
Before potable water was provided in private homes, water for drinking was made available to citizens of cities through access to public fountains. Many of these early public drinking fountains can still be seen (and used) in cities such as Rome, with its many
385:(NWCTU)'s organizing convention of 1874 encouraged its attendees to erect the fountains in their hometowns, as a means to discourage people from drinking in saloons. They sponsored temperance fountains in towns and cities across the United States.
248:. They consist of carved stone spouts through which water flows uninterrupted from underground sources. They are found extensively in Nepal and some of them are still operational. Many people of Nepal rely on them for their daily water supply. The
1237:
400:
years later the
Bubbler adopted this more sanitary arc projection, which also allowed the user to drink more easily from it. At the start of the 20th century, it was discovered that the original vertical design was related to the spread of
1228:
906:
Disaster Risk
Management for the Historic City of Patan, Nepal by Rits-DMUCH, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan and Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University,Kathmandu, Nepal, 2012
177:
to remove impurities from the water and chillers to lower its temperature. Drinking fountains are usually found in public places, like schools, rest areas, libraries, and grocery stores.
287:
227:
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561:(Armenian name for drinking fountain) in their yards or neighborhoods for various reasons, which include honoring dead relatives/friends or giving back to the community.
407:
In the United States, segregation of public facilities including but not limited to water fountains due to race, color, religion, or national origin was abolished by the
589:
389:
361:
649:
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above the sewage outlets. In this context, the public drinking fountain movement began. It built the first public baths and public drinking fountains.
625:
449:. In one study, a virus commonly known to cause diarrhea in young children, known as the rotavirus, has been found on drinking fountains in child
339:’). Designed by Charles-Auguste Lebourg with four caryatids atop a green cylindrical base, these fountains have become iconic symbols of Paris.
613:
637:
411:. Prior to this, racially segregated water fountains with those for black people in worse condition than those for white people were common.
314:. Many fountains, within London and outside, were called temperance fountains or would have a representation of the Greek mythical figure
1407:
299:
661:
1120:
978:
521:". Currently, there are 52 of these iconic four-bowl drinking fountains still providing free-flowing water in downtown Portland.
348:
173:
bends down to the stream of water and swallows water directly from the stream. Modern indoor drinking fountains may incorporate
105:
77:
382:
2447:
795:"Fountains for Environmental Justice: Public Water, Homelessness, and Migration in the Face of Global Environmental Change"
470:, thereby changing attitudes to publicly provided water in drinking fountains, which began to disappear from city streets.
692:
84:
557:
Most drinking fountains are freely available, however there are exceptions. Many private individuals in
Armenia install
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1013:
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58:
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1396:
962:
938:
891:
276:
124:
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302:; the same association in London drew support from temperance advocates. Many of its fountains were sited opposite
91:
933:
by Akira
Furukawa (ed.), Sukra Sagar Shrestha, Amrit Bajracharya and Kanako Ogasawara, Vajra Books, Nepal, 2010,
915:
545:
Frost-resistant drinking fountains are used outdoors in cold climates and keep the control mechanisms below the
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62:
1142:
275:
was generally inadequate for the rapidly growing population and was often contaminated, a new law created the
73:
1092:
1060:
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1352:
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Muddied and bad tasting drinking water encouraged many
Americans to drink alcohol for health purposes, so
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2023:
353:
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is considered a pious act. This applies to kings and other dignitaries as well as to ordinary citizens.
193:
In 2008, people are still using this drinking fountain built in 570 AD called Manga Hiti in Patan, Nepal
2003:
1848:
1833:
849:
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2108:
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is commonly used in southern and eastern
Wisconsin and in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. The phrase
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27:
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51:
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was established. The first fountain was built on
Holborn Hill on the railings of the church of
98:
1307:
1179:
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In recent studies, it has been found that some drinking fountains have been contaminated with
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2502:
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An African-American man drinking at a "colored" drinking fountain in a streetcar terminal in
458:
allow drinking fountains to run before drinking, as the water may also be contaminated with
2248:
1817:
1725:
1627:
238:
In Nepal there were public drinking fountains at least as early as 550 AD. They are called
8:
2579:
2437:
2078:
1674:
1201:
1038:
1031:"Negro drinking at "Colored" water cooler in streetcar terminal, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"
707:
401:
378:
374:
315:
918:, Posted by Administrator of NGOforum.net, 28 September 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2019
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2191:
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2053:
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Drinking fountains : the past and future of free public water in the United States
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2013:
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UN-HABITAT, 2007. Water Movement in Patan with reference to Traditional Stone Spouts
768:
437:
A drinking fountain with a guard to prevent contact between spigot and user's mouth.
222:
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1923:
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by Mary Shepherd Slusser, Princeton University Press, 1982, retrieved 1 March 2020
466:. In the 1970s, this fear of contamination in tap water was hyped by producers of
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1968:
1918:
1908:
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1684:
1607:
1582:
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272:
850:"Ensuring the Future Accessibility of Drinking Fountains in Oklahoma and Beyond"
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People drinking from a Wallace fountain during Bastille Day celebrations in 1911
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1998:
1898:
1807:
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1507:
1502:
1008:. Paris: Delegation a l’action artistique de la ville de Paris. p. 205.
833:
818:
753:
467:
366:
357:
Combined drinking fountain for people, horses and dogs, Toronto, Canada, 1899
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396:
were donated to communities across the United States between 1903 and 1913.
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facilities. Due to cases in the past where children have fallen ill due to
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303:
240:
1388:
810:
490:. A survey of US dialects undertaken between 2002 and 2004 found the word
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2374:
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2018:
1988:
1983:
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1953:
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1978:
1853:
1617:
1577:
1229:"We don't trust water fountains anymore, and that's bad for our health"
538:
2488:
International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO)
1261:"LINGUIST List Sum: Use of bubbler as a synonym for drinking fountain"
294:
on Snow Hill, paid for by Samuel Gurney, and opened on 21 April 1859.
19:"Water fountain" redirects here. For the decorative architecture, see
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installed 20 fountains, which are now known in the Portland area as "
487:
442:
250:
165:. It consists of a basin with either continuously running water or a
1285:
655:
Drinking fountain at the western entrance of Sarphatipark, Amsterdam
40:
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throughout the United States following the Civil War. The National
279:, made water filtration compulsory, and moved water intakes on the
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20:
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was common in the rest of the inland north and in the west, while
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1377:
Nepal Mandala: A Cultural Study of the Kathmandu Valley, Text. 1
575:
Further information on the American water fountain company:
2554:
2263:
2231:
1737:
1710:
1567:
1557:
1067:. Woman's Christian Temperance Union. 1996–2009. Archived from
697:
280:
268:
215:
769:"Microcontrolled Water Fountain: a Multidisciplinary Project*"
2166:
2128:
1772:
1742:
462:. This is especially common in older buildings with obsolete
311:
181:
this replaced often had one spout atop a refrigeration unit.
1408:
Construction of Traditional Water Supply System in Bhaktapur
619:
Draghi Verdi (Green Dragons) in Milan, there are 480 of them
513:, region where in the early 1900s former Wisconsin resident
2243:
2048:
1637:
1527:
1420:
1113:"Is it Safe to Drink from Public Drinking Water Fountains?"
1143:"Title II Of The Civil Rights Act (Public Accommodations)"
137:
429:
in Armenia. An example of the so called 'vertical' design
390:
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
1161:"Drinking fountains quench a thirst for sustainability"
838:(Thesis thesis). Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
1410:
by Sudarshan Raj Tiwari, 2014, retrieved 10 March 2020
595:
Drinking fountains in Berlin (in German Trinkbrunnen)
552:
524:
1006:
Paris et ses fontaines de la Renaissance a nos jours
607:
Drinking fountain, Avenham Park, Preston, Lancashire
533:
An outdoor fountain at the Barbara Chapel above the
1180:"Where Have All the (Public Water) Fountains Gone?"
65:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1227:
564:In Nepal, the construction of water conduits like
2592:
549:resulting in a delay for when water comes out.
288:Metropolitan Free Drinking Fountain Association
228:Metropolitan Free Drinking Fountain Association
1003:
776:International Journal of Engineering Education
213:The typical drinking fountain in Rome, called
26:"Bubbler" redirects here. For other uses, see
1436:
1401:
1382:
952:
1370:
1225:
1090:WCTU Drinking Fountains – Then and Now
643:Gilded drinking fountain in Bhaktapur, Nepal
1258:
1107:
1105:
926:
924:
900:
16:Fountain designed to provide drinking water
1443:
1429:
1099:, from Woman's Christian Temperance Union.
981:. The website of Bob Speel. Archived from
854:Journal of Science Policy & Governance
742:Journal (American Water Works Association)
226:First fountain installed in London by the
948:
946:
886:. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 31.
125:Learn how and when to remove this message
1102:
1061:"WCTU Drinking Fountains - Then and Now"
921:
766:
528:
432:
418:
360:
352:
325:
221:
208:
188:
136:
2498:Plumbing & Drainage Institute (PDI)
1202:"Fact Sheet: Drinking Water in Schools"
1177:
1035:Prints & Photographs Online Catalog
349:Drinking fountains in the United States
2593:
1350:
943:
881:
831:
735:
502:dominated other parts of the country.
1424:
1259:Christensen, Sean (2 December 1994).
2448:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
1226:Pierre-Louis, Kendra (8 July 2015).
792:
631:Font del Noi dels Càntirs, Barcelona
271:, when water provision from private
63:adding citations to reliable sources
34:
1028:
793:Hale, Marcia Rosalie (April 2019).
693:Human right to water and sanitation
13:
1065:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
553:Drinking fountains as public goods
525:Frost-resistant drinking fountains
394:National Humane Alliance fountains
383:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
14:
2627:
1768:Push-to-pull compression fittings
1416:
1240:from the original on 14 July 2015
277:Metropolitan Commission of Sewers
262:
1351:Ivanov, Jossie (11 March 2014).
1178:Bernard, Bruce (15 March 2013).
738:"The Sanitary Drinking Fountain"
660:
648:
636:
624:
612:
600:
588:
342:
310:donated money for a fountain in
39:
1344:
1319:
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1219:
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997:
971:
884:Fountains: splash and spectacle
50:needs additional citations for
955:Troughs and Drinking Fountains
909:
875:
842:
825:
786:
760:
729:
473:
414:
1:
882:Symmes, Marilyn, ed. (1998).
723:
2508:World Plumbing Council (WPC)
2059:Reduced pressure zone device
1450:
486:of the United States and in
292:St Sepulchre-without-Newgate
7:
2503:Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)
2222:Instant hot water dispenser
2024:Piping and plumbing fitting
1316:. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
676:
141:A typical drinking fountain
10:
2632:
1849:Backflow prevention device
1834:Atmospheric vacuum breaker
1182:. Water quality and health
1029:Lee, Russell (July 1939).
581:
574:
346:
184:
25:
18:
2542:
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2476:
2421:
2383:
2302:
2147:
2109:Thermostatic mixing valve
1826:
1646:
1458:
832:Ivanov, Josselyn (2015).
509:is sometimes used in the
482:is used in some regional
379:public drinking fountains
321:
1839:Automatic bleeding valve
1478:Compatibility (chemical)
535:Bielerhöhe mountain pass
409:Civil Rights Act of 1964
233:
28:Bubbler (disambiguation)
2044:Pressure-balanced valve
2039:Pressure vacuum breaker
1748:Pipe (fluid conveyance)
1690:Drain-waste-vent system
1670:Chemical drain cleaners
1353:"Frost-Proof Fountains"
1313:The Oregon Encyclopedia
1004:Daniel Rabreau (1995).
916:Traditional stonespouts
767:Shakerin, Said (2004).
2565:Template:Public health
2237:water recycling shower
2207:Hot water storage tank
1538:Onsite sewage facility
1284:. 2004. Archived from
953:Philip Davies (1989).
736:Dunlap, J. H. (1917).
542:
438:
430:
370:
358:
331:
230:
219:
194:
142:
2550:Fire sprinkler system
2259:Tankless water heater
2202:Garbage disposal unit
2187:Electric water boiler
1659:British Standard Pipe
1331:Portland Water Bureau
979:"Victorian fountains"
811:10.1089/env.2018.0031
799:Environmental Justice
532:
436:
422:
364:
356:
329:
225:
212:
192:
140:
2249:Storage water heater
1818:Water heat recycling
1726:National Pipe Thread
1628:Water supply network
423:Man drinking from a
267:In mid-19th century
161:designed to provide
59:improve this article
2580:Template:Wastewater
2438:Hydrostatic testing
2079:Rooftop water tower
1675:Compression fitting
1234:The Washington Post
1039:Library of Congress
862:10.38126/jspg230102
708:Temperance fountain
402:contagious diseases
300:temperance movement
74:"Drinking fountain"
2611:Drinking fountains
2534:Waterborne disease
2433:Hydronic balancing
2192:Evaporative cooler
2157:Accessible bathtub
2054:Radiator (heating)
2034:Pressure regulator
1929:Double check valve
1904:Concentric reducer
1705:Garden Hose Thread
1598:Thermal insulation
1468:Air gap (plumbing)
1357:Drinking Fountains
1095:2011-10-14 at the
1071:on 14 October 2011
985:on 8 February 2007
667:Drinking fountain
543:
439:
431:
371:
359:
332:
231:
220:
195:
143:
2588:
2587:
2570:Template:Sewerage
2517:Health and safety
2493:NSF International
2303:Specialized tools
2182:Drinking fountain
2149:Plumbing fixtures
2029:Plug (sanitation)
2014:Nipple (plumbing)
1934:Eccentric reducer
1914:Coupling (piping)
1879:Chemigation valve
1732:Nominal Pipe Size
1695:Ductile iron pipe
1593:Thermal expansion
1327:"Benson Bubblers"
1308:"Benson Bubblers"
1123:on 9 January 2014
496:drinking fountain
455:coliform bacteria
375:temperance groups
337:Wallace fountains
147:drinking fountain
135:
134:
127:
109:
2623:
2616:Street furniture
2575:Template:Toilets
2340:Flare-nut wrench
2099:Submersible pump
1924:Dielectric union
1844:Automatic faucet
1803:Thread seal tape
1763:Plastic pipework
1523:Hydrostatic loop
1488:Drain (plumbing)
1445:
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1150:
1149:. 6 August 2015.
1139:
1133:
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1128:
1119:. Archived from
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568:, dug wells and
511:Portland, Oregon
149:, also called a
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67:
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35:
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2423:
2417:
2403:Pressure sensor
2385:
2379:
2355:Plumber's snake
2298:
2279:Water dispenser
2269:Washing machine
2143:
1969:Flushing trough
1919:Diaphragm valve
1909:Condensate pump
1889:Circulator pump
1869:Butterfly valve
1822:
1793:Solvent welding
1685:Crimp (joining)
1642:
1608:Trap (plumbing)
1583:Surface tension
1460:
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1291:
1289:
1288:on 22 July 2011
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1210:
1208:
1206:The Green Squad
1200:
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1195:
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1167:. 15 June 2018.
1165:Financial Times
1159:
1158:
1154:
1147:www.justice.gov
1141:
1140:
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1097:Wayback Machine
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718:Water dispenser
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579:
555:
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519:Benson Bubblers
476:
417:
351:
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273:water companies
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2479:organizations
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2443:Leak detection
2440:
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2413:Water metering
2410:
2408:Water detector
2405:
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2360:Plumber wrench
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2126:
2124:Vacuum ejector
2121:
2119:Vacuum breaker
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
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2016:
2011:
2006:
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1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
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1971:
1966:
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1956:
1951:
1946:
1944:Faucet aerator
1941:
1939:Expansion tank
1936:
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1783:Sewage pumping
1780:
1775:
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1755:
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1745:
1740:
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1729:
1723:
1721:Leak detection
1718:
1713:
1708:
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1697:
1692:
1687:
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1677:
1672:
1667:
1665:Cast iron pipe
1662:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1613:Venturi effect
1610:
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1548:Sanitary sewer
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1495:
1493:Drinking water
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1418:
1417:External links
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500:water fountain
475:
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347:Main article:
344:
341:
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308:Queen Victoria
264:
263:United Kingdom
261:
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186:
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163:drinking water
151:water fountain
133:
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2560:Template:HVAC
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2524:Plumbing code
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2481:and standards
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2012:
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1897:
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1700:Flare fitting
1698:
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1503:Friction loss
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1282:"Bubbler map"
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1000:
984:
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974:
966:
964:0-7011-3369-4
960:
956:
949:
947:
940:
939:9789937506533
936:
932:
927:
925:
917:
912:
903:
895:
893:0-500-23758-1
889:
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566:dhunge dharas
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468:bottled water
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368:
367:Oklahoma City
363:
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343:United States
340:
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304:public houses
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206:(big noses).
205:
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79:
76: –
75:
71:
70:Find sources:
64:
60:
54:
53:
48:This article
46:
42:
37:
36:
33:
29:
22:
2453:Pipe marking
2426:and services
2422:Professions,
2370:Strap wrench
2310:Basin wrench
2289:Water heater
2284:Water filter
2197:Flush toilet
2181:
2172:Dehumidifier
2114:Trench drain
2094:Street elbow
2084:Safety valve
2069:Relief valve
2009:Needle valve
1994:Grinder pump
1964:Flow limiter
1949:Float switch
1884:Chopper pump
1864:Booster pump
1813:Tube bending
1758:Pipe support
1623:Water hammer
1603:Thermosiphon
1533:Neutral axis
1403:
1384:
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1356:
1346:
1334:. Retrieved
1330:
1321:
1311:
1306:Zeb Larson.
1302:
1290:. Retrieved
1286:the original
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1254:
1242:. Retrieved
1233:
1221:
1209:. Retrieved
1205:
1196:
1184:. Retrieved
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1125:. Retrieved
1121:the original
1116:
1085:
1073:. Retrieved
1069:the original
1064:
1055:
1043:. Retrieved
1034:
1024:
1005:
999:
987:. Retrieved
983:the original
973:
954:
911:
902:
883:
877:
865:. Retrieved
853:
844:
834:
827:
805:(2): 33–40.
802:
798:
788:
779:
775:
762:
748:(1): 65–69.
745:
741:
731:
688:Dhunge dhara
563:
556:
544:
515:Simon Benson
506:
504:
499:
495:
491:
479:
477:
440:
424:
406:
398:
387:
377:constructed
372:
333:
296:
286:In 1859 the
285:
266:
255:
249:
245:
239:
237:
214:
203:
199:
196:
179:
154:
150:
146:
144:
121:
112:
102:
95:
88:
81:
69:
57:Please help
52:verification
49:
32:
2398:Flow sensor
2386:and control
2384:Measurement
2375:Tap and die
2350:Pipe wrench
2335:Driving cap
2227:Laundry tub
2104:Tap (valve)
2089:Sewage pump
2074:Riser clamp
2019:Pinch valve
1989:Grease trap
1984:Globe valve
1974:Flushometer
1959:Floor drain
1954:Float valve
1874:Check valve
1859:Bleed screw
1633:Water table
1573:Storm sewer
1459:Fundamental
474:Terminology
415:Cleanliness
2595:Categories
2458:Pipefitter
2345:Pipecutter
2325:Core drill
2212:Humidifier
2177:Dishwasher
2139:Zone valve
2134:Water tank
1979:Gate valve
1854:Ball valve
1827:Components
1647:Technology
1618:Wastewater
1578:Stormwater
724:References
570:tutedharas
541:, Austria.
539:Vorarlberg
316:Temperance
200:fontanelle
85:newspapers
2477:Industry
2463:Pipelayer
2320:Borescope
2315:Blowtorch
2254:Sump pump
1788:Soldering
1753:Pipe dope
1716:Hydronics
1588:Tap water
1553:Sewer gas
1518:Heat trap
1513:Greywater
1483:Corrosion
1336:2 October
1244:2 October
931:Jarunhiti
867:9 January
819:1939-4071
754:0003-150X
713:Tutedhara
577:GlobalTap
559:pulpulaks
547:frostline
505:The term
488:Australia
478:The term
443:pathogens
251:tutedhara
115:June 2013
2606:Plumbing
2543:See also
2529:Scalding
2217:Icemaker
2004:Manifold
1563:Sewerage
1543:Pressure
1498:Fuel gas
1473:Backflow
1461:concepts
1452:Plumbing
1238:Archived
1186:26 April
1117:aquasana
1093:Archived
1045:23 March
989:26 April
703:Pulpulak
677:See also
484:dialects
464:plumbing
451:day care
447:bacteria
445:such as
426:pulpulak
159:fountain
21:Fountain
2468:Plumber
2424:trades,
2365:Plunger
2274:Washlet
2162:Bathtub
2064:Reducer
1894:Cistern
1798:Swaging
1778:Sealant
1654:Brazing
1292:13 June
1266:13 June
1211:27 June
1127:27 June
669:Hamburg
582:Gallery
507:bubbler
492:bubbler
480:bubbler
369:, 1939.
185:History
175:filters
171:drinker
157:, is a
99:scholar
2555:Piping
2264:Urinal
2232:Shower
1738:O-ring
1711:Gasket
1568:Siphon
1558:Sewage
1395:
1362:3 June
1075:9 June
1012:
961:
937:
890:
817:
752:
698:Nasone
322:France
281:Thames
269:London
216:nasone
204:nasoni
169:. The
101:
94:
87:
80:
72:
2167:Bidet
2129:Valve
1773:Putty
1743:Oakum
1734:(NPS)
1728:(NPT)
1707:(GHT)
1661:(BSP)
772:(PDF)
312:Esher
256:jahru
246:hitis
234:Nepal
106:JSTOR
92:books
2244:Sink
2049:Pump
1638:Well
1528:Leak
1393:ISBN
1364:2016
1338:2018
1294:2013
1268:2013
1246:2018
1213:2013
1188:2014
1129:2013
1077:2012
1047:2005
1041:Home
1010:ISBN
991:2014
959:ISBN
935:ISBN
888:ISBN
869:2024
815:ISSN
750:ISSN
671:2023
460:lead
388:The
202:and
78:news
858:doi
807:doi
254:or
244:or
167:tap
153:or
61:by
2597::
1391:,
1355:.
1329:.
1310:.
1236:.
1232:.
1204:.
1163:.
1145:.
1115:.
1104:^
1063:.
1037:.
1033:.
957:.
945:^
923:^
856:.
852:.
813:.
803:12
801:.
797:.
780:20
778:.
774:.
744:.
740:.
537:,
404:.
318:.
145:A
1444:e
1437:t
1430:v
1366:.
1340:.
1296:.
1270:.
1248:.
1215:.
1190:.
1131:.
1079:.
1049:.
1018:.
993:.
967:.
896:.
871:.
860::
821:.
809::
756:.
746:4
335:‘
128:)
122:(
117:)
113:(
103:·
96:·
89:·
82:·
55:.
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
