88:
3159:
457:
1417:, for his claim with a substantial sum of money, since the ancestors of both these princes had made treaties of mutual succession with former dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg. The Ritter-und-Landschaft then rendered homage to George William as their duke. On 15 September 1702 George William confirmed the existing constitution, laws and legislative bodies of Saxe-Lauenburg. On 17 May 1705, the Lutheran superintendency was moved from Lauenburg to Ratzeburg and combined with the pastorate of St. Peter's Church. When he died on 28 August the same year, Saxe-Lauenburg passed to his nephew, George I Louis, elector of Hanover, afterwards king of
666:
432:
118:
3224:
4400:
1480:
1015:
1216:
4085:
492:
74:
132:
3550:
831:
478:
1289:
1269:) of the representatives of Saxe-Lauenburg's nobility (Ritterschaft, i.e. knighthood) and other subjects (Landschaft), mostly from the cities of Lauenburg upon Elbe and Ratzeburg, then altogether constituted as the estates of the duchy (Ritter-und-Landschaft), led by the Land Marshall, a hereditary office held by the family
826:
for their uncle Albert II. The last document mentioning the brothers and their uncle Albert II as Saxon fellow dukes dates back to 1295. A deed of 20 September 1296, mentions the
Vierlande, Sadelbande (Land of Lauenburg), the Land of Ratzeburg, the Land of Darzing (later Amt Neuhaus), and the Land of
1409:
and Danish
Holstein were militarily engaged, which agreed on 9 October 1693 (Hamburger Vergleich), that Celle—already de facto holding most of Saxe-Lauenburg—would retain the duchy, while the fortress in Ratzeburg, fortified under Celle rule and directed against Holstein, would be razed. In return,
995:
The city of Lübeck and Eric III had stipulated that, upon his death, Lübeck would be entitled to take possession of the pawned areas until his successors repaid the credit and simultaneously exercised the repurchase of Mölln (contracted in 1359), altogether amounting to the then enormous sum of
1245:
The general church visitation of 1581, prompted by
Francis II, showed poor results as to the knowledge, practice and behaviour of many pastors. Baringius was held responsible for these grievances and replaced by Gerhard Sagittarius in 1582. Finally in 1585, after consultations with his brother
845:
By 1303, the three jointly ruling brothers had partitioned Saxe-Lauenburg into three shares; however, Albert III died already in 1308, so that the surviving brothers established, after a territorial realignment in 1321, the
Lauenburg Elder Line, with John II ruling
1254:
seated in the city of
Lauenburg, which merged into that of Schleswig-Holstein in 1877. Francis II's attempts in 1585 and 1586 to merge Hadeln's Lutheran church body with that in the rest of the duchy were unanimously rejected by Hadeln's clergy and estates.
1258:
The violation of the primogeniture, however, gave grounds for the estates to perceive the upcoming duke
Francis II as illegitimate. This forced him into negotiations, which ended on 16 December 1585 with the constitutional act of the "Eternal Union"
1250:; Lower Saxon Church Order), authored by LĂĽbeck's Superintendent Andreas Pouchenius the Elder, for the Lutheran church of Saxe-Lauenburg. It constituted the Lutheran state church of Saxe-Lauenburg, with a general superintendent (as of 1592) and
1276:
The relations between Ritter-und-Landschaft and the duke improved since
Francis II redeemed ducal pawns with money he had earned as imperial commander. After the residential castle in Lauenburg upon Elbe (started in 1180–1182 by Duke
1053:
on 23 August 1420, which stipulated that all the pawned areas, which Eric IV, Eric V and John IV had violently taken in 1401, were to be irrevocably ceded to the cities of
Hamburg and LĂĽbeck, becoming their bi-urban condominium of
1273:. Francis II accepted their establishment as a permanent institution with a crucial say in government matters. In return, Ritter-und-Landschaft accepted Francis II as legitimate, and rendered him homage as duke in 1586.
1145:
in 1526, establishing Hadeln's separate ecclesiastical body existing until 1885. Magnus did not promote the spreading of
Lutheranism in the rest of his duchy. Lutheran preachers, most likely from the southerly adjacent
1425:. The Lower Saxon Lutheran Church maintained its Church Order with the consistory and General Superintendent Severin Walter Slüter (1646–1697) in Lauenburg, succeeded by incumbents titled again superintendent only.
1459:, thus legitimizing the de facto takeover by George William in 1689 and 1693. On 27 August 1729, he confirmed Saxe-Lauenburg's existing constitution, laws and the Ritter-und-Landschaft. On 5 April 1757, the
1211:
to
Gottorp in 1575. Francis II again helped his father to inhibit Magnus' second military attempt to overthrow his father in 1578. Francis I then made Francis II his vicegerent actually governing the duchy.
2533:
The addition in edged brackets not in the original. In the German original: "... auch die Höltzung für des Fürstenthumbs Niedersachsen Kern und Brunquell zu achten." Generaldisposition of Julius Francis,
1261:
1067:
747:
730:
582:
512:
795:
succeeded their father. In 1269, 1272 and 1282, the brothers gradually divided their governing competences within the three territorially unconnected Saxon areas along the Elbe river (one called
3125:
2414:
4045:
3484:
1663:. However, in 1876, the ducal government and the Ritter-und-Landschaft decided to dissolve the Duchy with effect on 1 July 1876. Its territory was then integrated into the Prussian
1219:
1169:
once having exploited all his means in 1571. Magnus II promised to redeem the pawned ducal demesnes with funds he gained as a Swedish military commander and by his marriage to
1238:, but unconcerted with his other sons Magnus and Maurice), Francis I made his third son, Francis II, whom he considered the ablest, his sole successor, violating the rules of
1436:, while the legal heirs, Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg and Sibylle Auguste of Saxe-Lauenburg, never waiving their claim, were dispossessed and the former exiled to
4677:
3515:
2730:, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft fĂĽr Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, NeumĂĽnster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373-389, here p. 383.
2707:, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373–389, here p. 382.
2671:, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373–389, here p. 379.
2625:, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft fĂĽr Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, NeumĂĽnster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373-389, here p. 380.
2602:, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft fĂĽr Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, NeumĂĽnster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373-389, here p. 381.
2437:, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft fĂĽr Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, NeumĂĽnster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373-389, here p. 375.
1593:(Versicherungsacte) affirming the given laws, the constitution and the Ritter-und-Landschaft of Saxe-Lauenburg. In 1816, his administration took possession of the duchy.
862:-Lauenburg, seated in Lauenburg upon Elbe. John II, the eldest brother, wielded the electoral privilege for the Lauenburg Ascanians, but was rivalled by their cousin
1525:, a French client state. A small area with 15,000 inhabitants remained reserved for Napoléon's purposes. On 1 January 1811, most of the former duchy (except for the
637:
in the area of the Elbe estuary was disentangled from Saxe-Lauenburg in 1689 and administered as a separate territory under imperial custody, before it was ceded to
1270:
3155:
1624:
abdicated as duke and ceded the duchy to Prussia and Austria. After receiving a ÂŁ300,000 financial compensation, Austria waived its claim to Saxe-Lauenburg by the
1192:. The following year, Magnus hired troops in order to retake Saxe-Lauenburg via force. Francis II, an experienced military commander in imperial service, and Duke
945:, and Duke Rudolph I of Saxe-Wittenberg, claiming the Saxon prince-electoral power. However, only Louis the Bavarian finally asserted himself as emperor of the
4642:
4038:
4279:
1050:
1019:
87:
770:, besides the right to elect the new emperor after the decease of the former. Saxe-Lauenburg always claimed the privilege, but could not prevail after 1356.
2031:, de facto dispossessed in 1803–05 and 1805–14, however he held up the title of duke, rejecting any unilateral act and annexation by Napoléon. Only at the
1600:(1848–1851), the Ritter-und-Landschaft prevented a Prussian conquest by requesting Hanoverian troops as peace-keeping occupational forces on behalf of the
1150:(Lutheran since 1529), held the first Lutheran preaches; at the northern entrance of St. Mary Magdalene Church in Lauenburg upon Elbe, one is recalled for
1359:
became extinct in the male line. However, female succession was possible by the Saxe-Lauenburgian laws. So, the two surviving daughters of Julius Francis—
4657:
3104:
The horse as a heraldic charge associated with Saxony first appears in the late 14th century as an "old Saxon" motif. The horse motif was adopted by the
1851:(*?-1436*), son of the preceding, ruled jointly with his father until 1412, his brother John IV until 1414 and his younger brother Bernard II as of 1426.
4569:
4246:
4001:
1011:, forcefully captured the pawned areas without making any repayment, before LĂĽbeck could take possession of them. LĂĽbeck acquiesced for the time being.
2316:
in the former duchy, but he was never sovereign ruler of the territory, which had been incorporated into Prussia in 1876. He moved to these estates in
1781:
1303–22: John II (*ca. 1275–1322*), ruled alone in Bergedorf-Mölln, rivalled as Saxon Prince-Elector by his cousin Rudolph I of Saxe-Wittenberg in 1314
834:
4697:
4031:
3223:
1343:
into frontier disputes on manor estates which were in the process of evading Saxe-Lauenburgian overlordship into the competence of the city-states.
1173:. However, Magnus did not redeem pawns but further alienated ducal possessions, which ignited a conflict between Magnus and his father and brothers
3508:
1521:(November 11, 1806), France recaptured Saxe-Lauenburg. It remained under French occupation until 1 March 1810, when most of it was annexed to the
999:
In 1401, Eric III died without issue. The Lauenburg Elder Line was thus extinct in the male line and Eric III was succeeded by his second cousin
3079:
2508:
1757:
1296–1303 joint rule, then ruling until 1308 in Saxe-Ratzeburg, partitioned from Saxe-Lauenburg, dying without issue Eric I inherited his share
648:
Some North Elbian municipalities of the former core duchy are not part of today's district of Lauenburg, since they had been ceded to the then
1308:
and alimenting foreign troops marching through posed a heavy burden onto the ducal subjects. Augustus was succeeded by his elder half-brother
3037:
2362:
also adopted this coat-of-arms when it gained Saxe-Wittenberg, which is why they reappear in the arms of many (formerly) Wettin-ruled states.
1158:, Magnus I's son, on the instigation of the Ritter-und-Landschaft, saw Lutheran preachers in many parishes. In 1566, Francis I appointed the
2470:, LĂĽbeck and Hamburg: Matthiesen, 1969, (=Historische Studien; vol. 406), pp. 90seq., simultaneously: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1969.
1970:
1368:
3147:
1483:
Coat of arms of Saxe-Lauenburg after 1866. These arms alter the Danish version, then featuring a golden horse head on red. Prussia added a
4662:
3501:
3112:. Historian James Lloyd suggests that 'the Saxon Steed motif was invented in the 14th century… as a faux ancient symbol for the Saxons'.
1335:, thus fighting the integration of manor estates in Saxe-Lauenburg into the monetary economies of the neighbouring economically powerful
2483:, LĂĽbeck and Hamburg: Matthiesen, 1969, (=Historische Studien; vol. 406), p. 137, simultaneously: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1969.
2481:
Städtische Territorialpolitik im Mittelalter: eine vergleichende Untersuchung ihrer verschiedenen Formen am Beispiel Lübecks und Zürichs
2468:
Städtische Territorialpolitik im Mittelalter: eine vergleichende Untersuchung ihrer verschiedenen Formen am Beispiel Lübecks und Zürichs
2455:
Städtische Territorialpolitik im Mittelalter: eine vergleichende Untersuchung ihrer verschiedenen Formen am Beispiel Lübecks und Zürichs
1899:
1581-88: Magnus II (*1543–1603*), son of the preceding, ruled jointly with his brothers Maurice and Francis II, Magnus resigned in 1588.
1090:
in 1500 as tax levying and army recruitment districts, the circle comprising Saxe-Lauenburg and all its neighbours became designated as
4652:
2457:, LĂĽbeck and Hamburg: Matthiesen, 1969, (=Historische Studien; vol. 406), p. 90, simultaneously: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1969.
2286:(1918–33/1947), a component state of the respective government forms of Germany. In 1946 the province assumed the rank of statehood as
1242:. This severed the already difficult relations with the estates of the duchy, which fought the ducal practice of growing indebtedness.
1034:. Armies of both cities opened a second front and conquered Bergedorf, Riepenburg castle and the Esslingen river toll station (today's
4272:
313:
2186:; also King of Denmark (as Christian VIII) and Duke of Schleswig-Holstein; previously King of Norway (1814, as Christian Frederick).
1381:
There were at least eight monarchies claiming the succession, resulting in a conflict involving further the neighbouring duchies of
1378:, who invaded Saxe-Lauenburg with his troops, thus inhibiting the ascension of the legal heiress to the throne, Duchess Anna Maria.
4054:
3213:
170:
117:
1821:
First named Saxe-Bergedorf-Lauenburg, however, renamed following a territorial redeployment after inheriting Albert III's share.
1494:
The duchy was occupied by French troops from 1803 to 1805, after which the French occupational troops left in a campaign against
1467:
ascended in 1760 and endorsed all the laws, the constitution and the Ritter-und-Landschaft of Saxe-Lauenburg by a writ issued in
309:
4647:
3083:
1360:
1352:
17:
4338:
2735:
2712:
2676:
2630:
2607:
2442:
1777:
First named Saxe-Mölln, however, renamed following a territorial redeployment including parts of Albert III's share in 1321.
601:, territorially connecting the core of the duchy with these more southeastern Lauenburgian areas. This land was ceded to the
2996:
1956:
For 113 years, the duchy was ruled by members of the Welf dynasty. However, their rule was not legitimised until 1728, when
4667:
4265:
3449:
3065:(d. 7 September 1668), the only to ascend with him to the throne on 18 January 1656. She was mother of Duke Julius Francis.
3029:
2958:
2897:
2298:
1697:
1309:
1115:
131:
502:(green), including the tracts south of the Elbe and the Amt Neuhaus, but without Hadeln out of the map downstream the Elbe
4541:
4431:
4426:
4218:
4111:
4106:
3636:
3631:
3058:
1693:
1027:
2500:
comprises only small fringes of Lauenburgian Lower Saxon territory, to wit: its areas south of the river Elbe, such as:
2006:
1122:(guidelines for his government) "to also esteem the woodlands as heart and dwell of the Principality of Lower Saxony."
343:
3524:
1862:
1656:
1447:
rejected Celle's succession and thus retained Hadeln, which was out of Celle's reach, in his custody. His son, Emperor
1414:
807:
161:
1154:
in 1531. Tacitly, the congregations appointed Lutheran preachers so that the visitations of 1564 and 1566, ordered by
572:
In addition to the core territories in the modern district of Lauenburg, other territories, mostly south of the river
3087:
2839:
2036:
1931:
1364:
1166:
1155:
863:
1498:. British, Swedish and Russian Coalition forces would capture Saxe-Lauenburg in autumn 1805 at the beginning of the
4682:
4526:
4203:
3831:
3676:
3140:
1938:
1876:
1297:
1138:
4399:
1529:
and the Marschvogtei, which remained with Westphalia) was annexed to the First French Empire becoming part of the
681:
653:
1843:
In 1401, the younger branch inherited Lauenburg and other possessions of the extinct elder Bergedorf-Mölln line.
1193:
1159:
992:
and LĂĽbeck, thus providing a safe passage for freight between the cities. Eric III only retained a life tenancy.
815:
152:
4084:
4692:
4365:
3193:
3183:
2340:
2275:
1924:
1664:
1448:
1208:
1039:
811:
450:
3245:
3319:
3314:
3208:
1761:
In 1303 the brothers split their inheritance between them, however, only two brothers had heirs creating the
1747:
1296–1303 joint rule, then ruling until 1321 in Saxe-Ratzeburg, partitioned from Saxe-Lauenburg (see section
1637:
1382:
1235:
674:
3198:
2942:
1323:
He confirmed the existing privileges of the nobility and the Ritter-und-Landschaft. In 1658, he forbade his
1317:
1910:
1754:
1174:
942:
888:
548:
that existed from 1296 to 1803 and again from 1814 to 1876 in the extreme southeast region of what is now
4518:
4288:
4195:
3897:
3549:
3265:
3133:
2909:
2834:, Werner Buchholz (ed.), Werner Conze, Hartmut Boockmann (contrib.), Berlin: Siedler, 1999, pp. 363 seq.
2291:
2028:
1890:
1883:
1785:
179:
4343:
3260:
2905:
1471:
on 21 January 1765. In 1794, George III donated annual rewards for the best teachers in Saxe-Lauenburg.
1375:
1300:
moved Saxe-Lauenburg's capital from Neuhaus upon Elbe to Ratzeburg, where it remained since. During the
1147:
330:
4510:
4187:
4023:
3884:
3326:
3203:
2950:
2917:
2253:
2233:
2035:, where all sides agreed, the title of duke passed to his nephew. Also King of Great Britain (becoming
2021:
1917:
1839:(*1354–1411/1412*), son of the preceding, ruled jointly with his sons Eric V and Bernard II since 1401.
1806:
1799:
1792:
1645:
1499:
1456:
1320:
in 1615, but guaranteed to leave the Lutheran state church and the Lower Saxon Church Order untouched.
1251:
957:
174:
2418:
1858:(*?-1414*), brother of the preceding, ruled jointly with his father until 1412 and his brother Eric V.
4687:
4672:
4536:
4213:
3966:
3255:
2979:
2183:
1998:
1903:
1855:
1836:
1829:
1744:
1737:
1296–1303 joint rule, then ruling until 1360 in Saxe-Bergedorf, partitioned from Saxe-Lauenburg (see
1730:, all of which ruled the Saxon dukedom before its partition into Saxe-Lauenburg and Saxe-Wittenberg.
1727:
1715:
1629:
1422:
1402:
1278:
1178:
1170:
1162:
Franciscus Baringius as the first spiritual leader of the church in the duchy, not including Hadeln.
1031:
1008:
1000:
938:
788:
4389:
3584:
3275:
4436:
4334:
4330:
4116:
3938:
3846:
3641:
3474:
3292:
3188:
2934:
2190:
1869:
1848:
1734:
1719:
1696:, partially also presenting portraits. For portraits of the dukes, starting with Julius Henry, see
1605:
1585:, from Sweden, which thus again compensated Danish claims to Swedish Pomerania. On 6 December 1815
1518:
1506:(France's new form of government since 1804) ceded Saxe-Lauenburg, which it no longer held, to the
1418:
1004:
784:
251:
73:
1226:, seat of the Lauenburg Younger Line by the end of the 16th century, until its destruction in 1616
4702:
4318:
3493:
2938:
2210:
2156:
1621:
1617:
1586:
1410:
Danish Holstein, which had invaded Ratzeburg and ruined the fortress, would withdraw its troops.
1231:
1142:
915:
906:, Duke John II of Saxe-Lauenburg using his claim as the Saxon prince-elector, Archbishop-Elector
665:
2024:; also King of Great Britain, Elector of Hanover, by title also Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg.
4601:
4531:
4373:
4208:
3991:
3961:
3928:
1865:(*1385/1392–1463*), brother of the preceding, ruled jointly with his brother Eric V as of 1426.
1723:
1390:
1134:
1046:
961:
792:
780:
649:
93:
3369:
3309:
3287:
3115:
2203:
1813:
In 1401, the elder branch became extinct and Lauenburg rejoined the Ratzeburg-Lauenburg line.
981:
624:
4505:
4474:
4182:
4154:
3920:
3826:
3768:
3379:
3270:
3250:
2283:
2223:
2106:
2061:
2014:
1913:(*1547–1619*), ruled jointly with his brothers Magnus II (till 1588) and Maurice (till 1612).
1522:
934:
930:
895:
717:
2335:
1978:
1372:
4441:
4421:
4416:
4347:
4121:
4101:
3953:
3776:
3760:
3646:
3621:
3616:
3445:
3364:
3331:
3304:
3050:
2946:
2245:
2135:
1649:
1613:
1601:
1550:
1530:
1468:
1394:
1301:
1182:
1086:
in its borders before 1180 still prevailed. So, when the Holy Roman Empire established the
884:
266:
165:
4257:
8:
4585:
4369:
4326:
3784:
3600:
3354:
3109:
2271:
2115:
2097:
2070:
1675:
1668:
1597:
1503:
1230:
Shortly before his death in 1581 (and after consultations with his son Prince-Archbishop
1151:
1035:
965:
950:
911:
899:
855:
838:
642:
553:
4464:
4361:
4308:
4303:
4144:
4069:
3666:
3579:
3569:
3564:
3470:
3346:
3297:
3163:
2287:
2279:
2164:
2143:
2129:
2088:
2032:
1957:
1625:
1582:
1554:
1546:
1507:
1437:
1197:
1099:
1091:
877:
609:
602:
549:
382:
1207:), helped Francis I to defeat Magnus. In return Saxe-Lauenburg ceded the bailiwick of
1014:
4384:
4353:
4074:
3744:
3671:
3574:
3466:
3453:
3282:
3167:
3158:
2930:
2835:
2731:
2708:
2672:
2626:
2603:
2493:
2438:
2301:
1896:
1574–81: Francis I (*1510–1581*), reascended the throne, replacing his son Magnus II.
1687:
1641:
1566:
1495:
1444:
1386:
946:
925:
received four of the seven votes in the same election, with the deposed King-Elector
874:
705:
156:
2330:
1974:
1906:(*1551–1612*), ruled jointly with his brothers Magnus II (till 1588) and Francis II.
1561:. On 7 June 1815, after 14 months under its rule, Prussia granted Saxe-Lauenburg to
1188:
In 1573, Francis I deposed Magnus and reascended to the throne while Magnus fled to
3864:
3699:
2213:; also King of Denmark (1863–1906, as Christian IX) and Duke of Schleswig-Holstein.
1991:
1709:
1514:
1479:
1433:
1356:
926:
713:
701:
685:
678:
491:
196:
3731:
4459:
4139:
3874:
3854:
3836:
3715:
3707:
3684:
3539:
3462:
3437:
2359:
2249:
2079:
2053:
2040:
1609:
1542:
1095:
1087:
1071:
907:
903:
870:
823:
819:
751:
734:
697:
586:
532:
516:
437:
356:
296:
108:
45:
2728:
Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
2705:
Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
2669:
Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
2623:
Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
2600:
Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
2435:
Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
4559:
4487:
4469:
4357:
4236:
4164:
4149:
3986:
3792:
3752:
3441:
2503:
2257:
2229:
2176:
2139:
2002:
1633:
1578:
1247:
1223:
1200:
796:
767:
759:
725:
634:
619:
proper, then including areas on both sides of the Elbe, which was ceded to the
567:
557:
326:
212:
137:
1490:
in black and white, its official colours, and showed the horse head in silver.
4636:
3905:
3821:
3816:
3723:
3240:
3175:
3105:
2317:
2237:
1951:
1886:(*1510–1581*), son of the preceding, resigned in favour of his son Magnus II.
1660:
1463:
decreed the compulsory school attendance for all children in Saxe-Lauenburg.
1429:
1246:
Prince-Archbishop Henry, Francis II decreed a constitution (Niedersächsische
1239:
1165:
Francis I conducted a thrifty reign and resigned in favour of his eldest son
1130:
The people of Hadeln, represented by their estates of the realm, adopted the
894:. Louis received five of the seven votes, to wit John II, Archbishop-Elector
689:
638:
183:
3374:
1215:
4617:
4608:
4497:
4377:
4322:
4174:
2497:
1628:
in August 1865. The Ritter-und-Landschaft then offered the ducal throne to
1328:
985:
709:
670:
606:
2013:, after its capital), by title also Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg; also
4408:
4093:
2516:
2313:
2193:; also King of Denmark (as Frederick VII) and Duke of Schleswig-Holstein.
1558:
1526:
1340:
1313:
1282:
1131:
973:
616:
283:
123:
4053:
953:, however, conclusively named the dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg as electors.
4551:
4228:
3626:
2512:
1464:
1440:
1042:
977:
800:
783:
conquered the area later comprising Saxe-Lauenburg, but it reverted to
594:
541:
2421:: 29 vols., 1910–1911, vol. 16 'L to Lord Advocate', p. 280.
1632:. In September of the same year, he accepted and ruled the duchy in a
1003:
of the Younger Line. In the same year, Eric IV, supported by his sons
830:
3003:(26 December 1589 - 1 December 1630, mar. 1 August 1627), married to
2305:
2236:(1867–71). In 1871 Saxe-Lauenburg became a component state of united
1963:
1644:, as minister for Saxe-Lauenburg. In 1866, Saxe-Lauenburg joined the
1452:
1336:
1305:
1055:
969:
859:
847:
561:
200:
1545:, Saxe-Lauenburg was restored as a Hanoverian dominium in 1813. The
1573:
to Denmark, in order to compensate Denmark for the loss of Norway.
1367:—fought for the succession. Their weak position was abused by Duke
806:
After John I's resignation, Albert II ruled with his minor nephews
673:
of Saxe-Lauenburg as fixed by Duke Julius Francis and confirmed by
217:
3523:
3232:
851:
4564:
4241:
3996:
2270:
In 1876 the Duchy gave up statehood and was transformed into the
2160:
2134:
For almost fifty years, from 1815, Saxe-Lauenburg was within the
1574:
1487:
1484:
1324:
1288:
989:
631:
483:
395:
369:
1714:
The counting of the dukes includes the preceding Ascanian dukes
1513:
When Prussia (after it had turned against France as part of the
1397:, which had succeeded the Saxe-Wittenbergian Ascanians in 1422,
869:
In 1314, the dispute escalated into the election of two hostile
4314:
3359:
2172:
2168:
1570:
1562:
1398:
1189:
2933:(Freiberg, 2 May 1515 - 18 July 1592, Buxtehude), daughter of
4451:
4131:
3061:
and mother of Duke Francis Erdmann, and 3) on 18 August 1632
1406:
1332:
545:
227:
2726:
Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in:
2703:
Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in:
2667:
Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in:
2621:
Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in:
2598:
Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in:
2433:
Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in:
1098:-ruled Saxon electorate and duchies at that time formed the
988:. This acquisition included much of the trade route between
929:
illegitimately assuming electoral power, Archbishop-Elector
568:
Former territories not part of today's district of Lauenburg
4287:
721:
573:
1292:
View of Ratzeburg, 1590, with the castle in the foreground
1281:) had burnt down in 1616, Francis II moved the capital to
799:, another around Lauenburg upon Elbe and the third around
3013:
Philipp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-GlĂĽcksburg
2078:
Recaptured by British, Swedish and Russian forces of the
1185:, further escalating due to Magnus' violent temperament.
693:
3005:
Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg
2820:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2807:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2794:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2781:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2768:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2748:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2689:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2656:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2643:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2587:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2574:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2561:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2545:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2043:
in 1814), by title also Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg.
1304:(1618–1648), Augustus always remained neutral, however,
858:
and the Lauenburg Younger Line, with Eric I ruling Saxe-
3011:(24 May 1601 - 1 February 1660, mar. 23 May 1624) with
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
1061:
From the 14th century, Saxe-Lauenburg termed itself as
552:. Its territorial center was in the modern district of
2997:
Julius, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg (WolfenbĂĽttel)
2507:
ii) a tract of land along the southern Elbe bank, the
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2722:
2720:
2699:
2697:
2617:
2615:
1608:
was restored as Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg. Prussian and
1577:
gained the territory north of the Elbe, now ruled in
3036:(23 August 1624 - 1688, mar. 2 April 1665), wife of
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2555:
2553:
2429:
2427:
1569:
in return, however, additionally paying 2.6 million
1549:
established Saxe-Lauenburg as a member state of the
4678:
Former states and territories of Schleswig-Holstein
3108:in 1361 and also been used in several provinces in
2967:
Henry, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Dannenberg)
2365:
1355:, a son of Julius Henry, the Lauenburg line of the
1339:cities of Hamburg and LĂĽbeck. He entered with both
2717:
2694:
2612:
2217:
1964:House of Brunswick and Lunenburg–Celle (1689–1705)
1960:enfeoffed George II Augustus with Saxe-Lauenburg.
827:Hadeln as the separate territory of the brothers.
2753:
2550:
2424:
1428:Saxe-Lauenburg (except for Hadeln) passed to the
822:, providing Saxe-Lauenburg for the brothers, and
4634:
2852:Sophia of Brunswick and Lunenburg (WolfenbĂĽttel)
2822:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 51.
2809:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 49.
2796:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 47.
2783:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 96.
2770:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 66.
2750:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 41.
2691:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 15.
2658:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 27.
2645:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 25.
2589:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 21.
2576:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 18.
2563:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 16.
2547:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 14.
2264:
623:in 1814. Today, this is all part of Lower Saxon
580:The tract of land along the southern Elbe bank (
3078:(15 April 1660 - 23 November 1681; daughter of
2123:
1985:
1703:
1455:Saxe-Lauenberg to George I's son and successor
641:in 1731. Now it is part of today's Lower Saxon
3080:Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach
2993:Mary of Brunswick and Lunenburg (WolfenbĂĽttel)
1312:in 1656. He had converted from Lutheranism to
1082:as a naming for the area comprising the older
4643:1290s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
4273:
4039:
3509:
3141:
3057:(13 July 1589–24 December 1629), daughter of
3038:William Christoph, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
2879:(*before 1428-1473*) as daughter, married to
2228:For twelve years Saxe-Lauenburg was ruled in
1825:1303–38: Eric I (*?–1360*), resigned in 1338.
1738:
1194:Adolphus of Schleswig and Holstein at Gottorp
1030:and LĂĽbeck allied with Hamburg in support of
4615:
4606:
3063:Anna Magdalene, Baroness Popel von Lobkowitz
2331:Historical map of Schleswig Holstein in 1730
2197:
2047:
1945:
136:The Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg in 1848 (map in
37:
1816:
4658:States and territories established in 1296
4280:
4266:
4046:
4032:
3516:
3502:
3148:
3134:
1681:
984:in return for a credit of 16,262.5 LĂĽbeck
741:) gules, representing the Saxon office as
130:
1832:(*1318/1320–1368*), son of the preceding.
1748:
1652:was counted along with those of Prussia.
1557:bartered Saxe-Lauenburg against Prussian
1500:War of the Third Coalition against France
841:, former seat of the Lauenburg Elder Line
556:and originally its eponymous capital was
4698:States of the North German Confederation
4055:States of the North German Confederation
1941:(*1641–1689*), brother of the preceding.
1927:(*1586–1665*), brother of the preceding.
1478:
1287:
1214:
1125:
1026:In 1420, Eric V attacked Prince-Elector
1013:
829:
803:upon Elbe), thus preparing a partition.
664:
490:
2163:(1808–39, as Frederick VI) and Duke of
2039:in 1801), Elector of Hanover (becoming
1772:
1722:, and the latter's jointly ruling sons
1655:In 1871, Saxe-Lauenburg was one of the
531:) between the 14th and 17th centuries;
14:
4635:
3084:Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg
2916:(mar. in ca. 1420, d. 1462, mother of
2860:Henry IV, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
2336:Historical map of Lower Saxony in 1789
2149:
1361:Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg
1346:
704:, an eagle crowned Or. Third quarter:
576:, occasionally belonged to the duchy:
4261:
4027:
3497:
3129:
1809:(*?–1401*), brother of the preceding.
1802:(*?–1370*), brother of the preceding.
1389:, as well as the five Ascanian-ruled
1316:in expectation of becoming appointed
818:, who by 1296 definitely partitioned
3030:John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
3026:Elisabeth Sophie of Holstein-Gottorp
2959:Wenceslaus III Adam, Duke of Cieszyn
2898:Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg
1934:(*1629–1666*), son of the preceding.
1920:(*1577–1656*), son of the preceding.
1893:(*1543–1603*), son of the preceding.
1879:(*1488–1543*), son of the preceding.
1872:(*1439–1507*), son of the preceding.
1612:forces invaded the duchy during the
1038:). This forced Eric V to agree with
956:In 1370, John II's fourth successor
766:), pertaining to Saxon privilege as
3059:John George, Elector of Brandenburg
2955:Sidonia Katharina of Saxe-Lauenburg
2904:(1472 - 20 October 1522, as Eric I
2896:(c. 1446 – March 1519, daughter of
2007:Brunswick and Lunenburg (Calenberg)
1510:, which captured it early in 1806.
1001:Eric IV of Saxe-Ratzeburg-Lauenburg
24:
4663:States of the German Confederation
3525:States of the German Confederation
2963:Ursula of Saxe-Lauenburg-Ratzeburg
2341:Historical atlas of Saxe-Lauenburg
2288:State (Land) of Schleswig-Holstein
2272:District of the Duchy of Lauenburg
1671:, meaning the Duchy of Lauenburg.
1415:John George III, Elector of Saxony
787:in 1227. In 1260, Albert I's sons
25:
4714:
4653:1876 disestablishments in Germany
3088:Sibylle Auguste of Saxe-Lauenburg
3034:Anna-Elisabetha of Saxe-Lauenburg
2324:
2037:King of Great Britain and Ireland
1795:(*?–1356*), son of the preceding.
1788:(*?–1343*), son of the preceding.
1474:
1461:Niedersächsische Landschulordnung
1365:Sibylle Auguste of Saxe-Lauenburg
937:, Louis's brother Prince-Elector
4398:
4083:
3548:
3222:
3157:
2320:and lived there until his death.
1536:
1049:Jordan Pleskow of LĂĽbeck to the
958:Eric III of Saxe-Bergedorf-Mölln
774:
476:
455:
430:
116:
86:
72:
3068:
3055:Elisabeth Sophia of Brandenburg
3043:
3018:
3009:Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Lauenburg
2985:
2972:
2923:
2886:
2865:
2844:
2825:
2812:
2799:
2786:
2773:
2740:
2681:
2661:
2648:
2635:
2592:
2579:
2566:
2537:
2218:House of Hohenzollern (1865–76)
2167:; previously King of (1808–14)
1975:Brunswick and Lunenburg (Celle)
1106:became more colloquial and the
605:in 1814. It is now part of the
3875:ReuĂź-Lobenstein und Ebersdorf
3098:
2929:He married on 8 February 1540
2527:
2486:
2473:
2460:
2447:
2352:
2080:Third Coalition against France
1692:For the Duchesses consort see
1665:Province of Schleswig-Holstein
902:, the legitimate King-Elector
677:, in 1671. First quarter: the
560:, though the capital moved to
537:Hertugdømmet Sachsen-Lauenborg
451:Province of Schleswig-Holstein
13:
1:
4648:1296 establishments in Europe
2265:Dependent rule (1876–present)
1638:Minister President of Prussia
1636:. William appointed the then
1005:Eric (later ruling as Eric V)
675:Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
496:
2881:Gerhard VII, Duke of Juliers
2818:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2805:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2792:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2779:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2766:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2746:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2687:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2654:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2641:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2585:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2572:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2559:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2543:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2282:(1866–1918) and then of the
2252:(1861–88), President of the
2124:House of Oldenburg (1815–64)
1986:House of Hanover (1705–1803)
1704:House of Ascania (1296–1689)
1674:For the further history see
1657:component constituent states
1648:. However, its vote in the
1502:(1805–06). In December, the
1058:(Beiderstädtischer Besitz).
943:Electorate of the Palatinate
864:Rudolph I of Saxe-Wittenberg
692:, covered by a crancelin of
654:Barber Lyashchenko Agreement
7:
4668:States of the German Empire
4289:States of the German Empire
3076:Hedwig of Palatine Sulzbach
3049:He married three times: 1)
2947:Prince-Archbishop of Bremen
2935:Henry IV of Saxe-Wittenberg
2910:Prince-Bishop of Hildesheim
2856:Catharina of Saxe-Lauenburg
2292:Federal Republic of Germany
1413:George William compensated
521:Herzogtum Sachsen-Lauenburg
381:• Personal union with
368:• Personal union with
342:• Personal union with
39:Herzogtum Sachsen-Lauenburg
10:
4719:
2951:Prince-Bishop of Paderborn
2943:Prince-Bishop of OsnabrĂĽck
2918:Eric II, Duke of Pomerania
2254:North German Confederation
2234:North German Confederation
2221:
2201:
2127:
2051:
1989:
1949:
1707:
1685:
1646:North German Confederation
1373:Brunswick and Lunenburgian
1318:Prince-Bishop of OsnabrĂĽck
1028:Frederick I of Brandenburg
660:
175:North German Confederation
4594:
4578:
4550:
4537:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
4496:
4450:
4407:
4396:
4296:
4227:
4214:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
4173:
4130:
4092:
4081:
4062:
4010:
3979:
3952:
3919:
3845:
3812:
3805:
3743:
3698:
3662:
3655:
3609:
3593:
3557:
3546:
3532:
3450:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
3388:
3345:
3231:
3220:
3174:
3053:, 2) on 27 February 1628
3001:Juliane of Saxe-Lauenburg
2999:) and they had daughters
2312:including estates in the
2232:with Prussia, within the
2198:Glücksburg line (1863–64)
2048:Napoleonic Wars (1803–14)
1946:House of Welf (1689–1803)
1739:#Ratzeburg-Lauenburg line
1171:Princess Sophia of Sweden
1148:Principality of Lunenburg
471:
409:
405:
392:
379:
366:
353:
340:
323:
306:
293:
289:
279:
275:
260:
245:
241:
233:
223:
207:
192:
145:
129:
105:
68:
54:
32:
4344:Lauenburg and BĂĽtow Land
2995:(1566-1626, daughter of
2931:Sybille of Saxe-Freiberg
2914:Sophia of Saxe-Lauenburg
2906:Prince-Bishop of MĂĽnster
2877:Sophie of Saxe-Lauenburg
2346:
1977:, by title also Duke of
1817:Ratzeburg-Lauenburg line
1606:Frederick VII of Denmark
1519:Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
1391:Principalities of Anhalt
1376:Principality of LĂĽneburg
785:Albert I, Duke of Saxony
355:• Dissolved during
308:• Partitioned into
295:• Partitioned from
80:Flag of the 19th century
4683:Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg
3485:Unencircled territories
3246:Brunswick and Lunenburg
2939:Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg
2900:). Their children were
2894:Dorothea of Brandenburg
2419:Encyclopædia Britannica
2238:Germany (German Empire)
1979:Brunswick and Lunenburg
1682:Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg
1622:Christian IX of Denmark
1618:Treaty of Vienna (1864)
1587:Frederick VI of Denmark
1565:, receiving the former
1351:With the death of Duke
916:Waldemar of Brandenburg
508:Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg
34:Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg
4616:
4607:
4602:German colonial empire
4532:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
4209:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
3276:Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
2937:. Their children were
2902:Eric of Saxe-Lauenburg
1694:List of Saxon consorts
1517:) was defeated in the
1491:
1293:
1266:
1227:
1110:was later renamed the
1075:
1023:
842:
781:Valdemar II of Denmark
771:
763:
755:
738:
724:sable and argent, the
650:Soviet occupation zone
590:
536:
520:
503:
38:
18:Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
4693:Purchased territories
3032:. Their daughter was
2873:Adelheid of Pomerania
2284:Free State of Prussia
2224:House of Hohenzollern
2107:Kingdom of Westphalia
2062:First French Republic
2015:King of Great Britain
2011:Electorate of Hanover
1749:#Bergedorf-Mölln line
1523:Kingdom of Westphalia
1482:
1432:and its cadet branch
1291:
1218:
1143:Lutheran Church Order
1126:After the Reformation
1040:Hamburg's burgomaster
1017:
996:26,000 LĂĽbeck Marks.
914:, and Prince-Elector
833:
743:Imperial Arch-Marshal
668:
494:
111:of the Saxe-Lauenburg
4579:Imperial Territories
4432:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
4427:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4348:Starostwo of Draheim
4112:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
4107:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3637:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3632:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3051:Anne of Ostfriesland
2278:, a province of the
2136:German Confederation
1786:Albrecht (Albert) IV
1773:Bergedorf-Mölln line
1698:List of Saxon rulers
1630:William I of Prussia
1614:Second Schleswig War
1602:German Confederation
1551:German Confederation
1395:Electorate of Saxony
1383:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1371:of the neighbouring
1183:estates of the duchy
310:Saxe-Mölln-Bergedorf
166:German Confederation
4542:Waldeck and Pyrmont
4219:Waldeck and Pyrmont
3837:Waldeck and Pyrmont
3461:Circles est. 1512:
3436:Circles est. 1500:
3166:(1500–1806) of the
2299:Imperial Chancellor
2204:House of GlĂĽcksburg
2150:Main line (1815–63)
2116:First French Empire
2098:First French Empire
2071:First French Empire
1800:Albrecht (Albert) V
1767:Ratzeburg-Lauenburg
1676:Herzogtum Lauenburg
1669:Herzogtum Lauenburg
1598:First Schleswig War
1504:First French Empire
1347:Disputed succession
1224:Lauenburg upon Elbe
1141:confirmed Hadeln's
1120:general disposition
1051:Treaty of Perleberg
1036:Zollenspieker Ferry
1020:Treaty of Perleberg
951:Golden Bull of 1356
643:Cuxhaven (district)
625:LĂĽneburg (district)
558:Lauenburg upon Elbe
554:Herzogtum Lauenburg
394:• Merged into
4366:Schleswig-Holstein
3482:
3478:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3164:Lower Saxon Circle
2991:Francis' wife was
2511:, connecting from
2479:Elisabeth Raiser,
2466:Elisabeth Raiser,
2453:Elisabeth Raiser,
2280:Kingdom of Prussia
2276:Schleswig-Holstein
2165:Schleswig-Holstein
2144:Kingdom of Denmark
2130:House of Oldenburg
2089:Kingdom of Prussia
2033:Congress of Vienna
2022:George II Augustus
1958:Emperor Charles VI
1626:Gastein Convention
1583:House of Oldenburg
1555:Kingdom of Hanover
1547:Congress of Vienna
1508:Kingdom of Prussia
1492:
1457:George II Augustus
1294:
1236:Emperor Rudolph II
1228:
1112:Lower Saxon Circle
1100:Upper Saxon Circle
1024:
843:
772:
716:. Fourth quarter:
700:. Second quarter:
621:Kingdom of Hanover
610:Harburg (district)
603:Kingdom of Hanover
550:Schleswig-Holstein
504:
4628:
4627:
4255:
4254:
4199:
4191:
4021:
4020:
3975:
3974:
3901:
3888:
3801:
3800:
3745:Ernestine duchies
3491:
3490:
3475:Electoral Rhenish
3168:Holy Roman Empire
2736:978-3-529-02606-5
2713:978-3-529-02606-5
2677:978-3-529-02606-5
2631:978-3-529-02606-5
2608:978-3-529-02606-5
2492:However, today's
2443:978-3-529-02606-5
2310:Duke of Lauenburg
2302:Otto von Bismarck
2009:(commonly called
1973:; also Prince of
1688:Duke of Lauenburg
1642:Otto von Bismarck
1567:Swedish Pomerania
1531:Bouches-de-l'Elbe
1469:St. James' Palace
1445:Emperor Leopold I
1331:or else alienate
1302:Thirty Years' War
1283:Neuhaus upon Elbe
1137:in 1525 and Duke
947:Holy Roman Empire
656:in November 1945.
593:), reaching from
489:
488:
467:
466:
463:
462:
443:
442:
262:• 1865–1876
247:• 1296–1303
157:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
4710:
4688:Dukes in Germany
4673:House of Ascania
4621:
4612:
4527:Schaumburg-Lippe
4522:
4514:
4484:
4402:
4381:
4351:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4259:
4258:
4204:Schaumburg-Lippe
4197:
4189:
4087:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4025:
4024:
3945:
3944:
3935:
3934:
3912:
3911:
3899:
3894:
3893:
3886:
3881:
3880:
3871:
3870:
3865:Reuss-Lobenstein
3861:
3860:
3832:Schaumburg-Lippe
3810:
3809:
3789:
3781:
3773:
3765:
3757:
3736:
3728:
3720:
3712:
3700:Anhalt (Ascania)
3681:
3660:
3659:
3552:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3495:
3494:
3483:
3479:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3226:
3162:
3161:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3127:
3126:
3120:
3102:
3091:
3072:
3066:
3047:
3041:
3022:
3016:
2989:
2983:
2980:Sophia of Sweden
2976:
2970:
2927:
2921:
2890:
2884:
2869:
2863:
2848:
2842:
2829:
2823:
2816:
2810:
2803:
2797:
2790:
2784:
2777:
2771:
2764:
2751:
2744:
2738:
2724:
2715:
2701:
2692:
2685:
2679:
2665:
2659:
2652:
2646:
2639:
2633:
2619:
2610:
2596:
2590:
2583:
2577:
2570:
2564:
2557:
2548:
2541:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2494:State of Germany
2490:
2484:
2477:
2471:
2464:
2458:
2451:
2445:
2431:
2422:
2412:
2363:
2356:
2304:was awarded the
2096:Occupied by the
2087:Occupied by the
2069:Occupied by the
2060:Occupied by the
1992:House of Hanover
1710:House of Ascania
1667:as the district
1604:. In 1851, King
1591:Asseveration Act
1515:Fourth Coalition
1434:House of Hanover
1357:House of Ascania
1264:
1220:Lauenburg Castle
1152:Saint John's Eve
1114:. In 1659, Duke
1102:. The naming of
1088:Imperial Circles
1070:
927:Henry of Bohemia
835:Bergedorf Castle
764:Archimarescallus
750:
733:
585:
515:
501:
498:
482:
480:
479:
459:
458:
447:
446:
434:
433:
427:
426:
411:
410:
271:
256:
134:
120:
112:
98:
90:
81:
76:
49:
41:
30:
29:
21:
4718:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4633:
4632:
4629:
4624:
4590:
4586:Alsace–Lorraine
4574:
4546:
4520:
4512:
4492:
4482:
4446:
4442:Weimar-Eisenach
4422:Hesse-Darmstadt
4403:
4394:
4346:and the former
4342:(including the
4341:
4312:
4292:
4286:
4256:
4251:
4223:
4169:
4126:
4122:Weimar-Eisenach
4102:Hesse-Darmstadt
4088:
4079:
4058:
4052:
4022:
4017:
4006:
3971:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3932:
3931:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3891:
3890:
3878:
3877:
3868:
3867:
3858:
3857:
3855:Reuss-Ebersdorf
3841:
3797:
3787:
3779:
3777:Gotha-Altenburg
3771:
3763:
3761:Coburg-Saalfeld
3755:
3739:
3734:
3726:
3718:
3710:
3694:
3679:
3651:
3647:Weimar-Eisenach
3622:Hesse-Darmstadt
3605:
3589:
3553:
3544:
3528:
3522:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3477:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3384:
3341:
3227:
3218:
3170:
3156:
3154:
3124:
3123:
3103:
3099:
3094:
3082:) and they had
3073:
3069:
3048:
3044:
3023:
3019:
2990:
2986:
2977:
2973:
2928:
2924:
2891:
2887:
2870:
2866:
2849:
2845:
2830:
2826:
2817:
2813:
2804:
2800:
2791:
2787:
2778:
2774:
2765:
2754:
2745:
2741:
2725:
2718:
2702:
2695:
2686:
2682:
2666:
2662:
2653:
2649:
2640:
2636:
2620:
2613:
2597:
2593:
2584:
2580:
2571:
2567:
2558:
2551:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2528:
2519:
2506:
2501:
2491:
2487:
2478:
2474:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2448:
2432:
2425:
2413:
2366:
2360:House of Wettin
2357:
2353:
2349:
2327:
2290:and joined the
2267:
2250:King of Prussia
2226:
2220:
2206:
2200:
2159:; also King of
2152:
2132:
2126:
2114:Annexed to the
2105:Annexed to the
2056:
2054:Napoleonic Wars
2050:
2041:King of Hanover
1994:
1988:
1966:
1954:
1948:
1932:Francis Erdmann
1819:
1775:
1763:Bergedorf-Mölln
1712:
1706:
1690:
1684:
1543:Napoleonic Wars
1539:
1477:
1349:
1260:
1181:as well as the
1128:
1118:decreed in his
1084:Duchy of Saxony
1066:
904:John of Bohemia
878:Frederick III,
824:Saxe-Wittenberg
777:
746:
729:
663:
581:
570:
511:
499:
495:Saxe-Lauenburg
477:
475:
456:
438:Duchy of Saxony
431:
398:
385:
372:
359:
357:Napoleonic Wars
346:
333:
316:
299:
297:Duchy of Saxony
269:
263:
254:
248:
215:
199:
188:
141:
121:
114:
109:Attributed arms
107:
101:
100:
99:
96:
91:
83:
82:
79:
77:
64:
50:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4716:
4706:
4705:
4703:Former duchies
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4613:
4604:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4556:
4554:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4516:
4508:
4502:
4500:
4498:Principalities
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4456:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4413:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4285:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4262:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4193:
4185:
4179:
4177:
4175:Principalities
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4098:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4051:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4028:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3958:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3936:
3925:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3903:
3895:
3882:
3872:
3862:
3851:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3806:Principalities
3803:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:Hildburghausen
3782:
3774:
3766:
3758:
3749:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3729:
3721:
3713:
3704:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3674:
3669:
3663:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3498:
3489:
3488:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3351:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3337:Saxe-Lauenburg
3334:
3329:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3178:
3176:Ecclesiastical
3172:
3171:
3153:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3130:
3122:
3121:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3067:
3042:
3028:, daughter of
3017:
2984:
2971:
2922:
2885:
2864:
2862:) as daughter.
2843:
2824:
2811:
2798:
2785:
2772:
2752:
2739:
2716:
2693:
2680:
2660:
2647:
2634:
2611:
2591:
2578:
2565:
2549:
2536:
2526:
2504:Land of Hadeln
2485:
2472:
2459:
2446:
2423:
2364:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2326:
2325:External links
2323:
2322:
2321:
2295:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2258:German Emperor
2256:(1867–71) and
2230:personal union
2219:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2177:Denmark-Norway
2151:
2148:
2140:personal union
2125:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2111:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2025:
2018:
2003:Prince-Elector
1999:George I Louis
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1971:George William
1965:
1962:
1950:Main article:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1939:Julius Francis
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1774:
1771:
1759:
1758:
1752:
1742:
1708:Main article:
1705:
1702:
1683:
1680:
1661:united Germany
1634:personal union
1581:by the Danish
1579:personal union
1553:. In 1814 the
1538:
1535:
1476:
1475:Napoleonic era
1473:
1385:and of Danish
1369:George William
1353:Julius Francis
1348:
1345:
1296:In 1619, Duke
1248:Kirchenordnung
1234:of Bremen and
1201:Circle Colonel
1160:Superintendent
1156:Duke Francis I
1127:
1124:
797:Land of Hadeln
779:In 1203, King
776:
773:
768:Prince-elector
662:
659:
658:
657:
646:
635:Land of Hadeln
628:
613:
569:
566:
487:
486:
473:
469:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
453:
444:
441:
440:
435:
423:
422:
417:
407:
406:
403:
402:
399:
393:
390:
389:
386:
380:
377:
376:
373:
367:
364:
363:
360:
354:
351:
350:
347:
341:
338:
337:
334:
331:LĂĽneburg-Celle
327:Personal union
324:
321:
320:
317:
314:Saxe-Ratzeburg
307:
304:
303:
300:
294:
291:
290:
287:
286:
281:
280:Historical era
277:
276:
273:
272:
264:
261:
258:
257:
249:
246:
243:
242:
239:
238:
235:
231:
230:
225:
221:
220:
213:Roman Catholic
209:
205:
204:
197:Lauenburg/Elbe
194:
190:
189:
187:
186:
177:
168:
159:
149:
147:
143:
142:
135:
127:
126:
115:
103:
102:
92:
85:
84:
78:
71:
70:
69:
66:
65:
63:
62:
59:
55:
52:
51:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4715:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4631:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4517:
4515:
4513:(Junior Line)
4509:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4489:
4486:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4449:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4409:Grand Duchies
4406:
4401:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4349:
4345:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4290:
4283:
4278:
4276:
4271:
4269:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4194:
4192:
4190:(Junior Line)
4186:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4094:Grand Duchies
4091:
4086:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4056:
4049:
4044:
4042:
4037:
4035:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4013:
4012:
4009:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3968:
3967:Sondershausen
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3940:
3937:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3907:
3906:Reuss-Schleiz
3904:
3902:
3896:
3889:
3887:(Junior Line)
3883:
3876:
3873:
3866:
3863:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3822:Liechtenstein
3820:
3818:
3817:Hesse-Homburg
3815:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3794:
3791:
3786:
3783:
3778:
3775:
3770:
3767:
3762:
3759:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3733:
3730:
3725:
3722:
3717:
3714:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:Grand duchies
3608:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3519:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3486:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3458:(Lower) Saxon
3455:
3451:
3447:
3446:Upper Rhenish
3443:
3439:
3387:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3225:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3119:
3117:
3116:whole article
3111:
3107:
3106:House of Welf
3101:
3097:
3090:as daughters.
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3074:His wife was
3071:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3024:His wife was
3021:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2981:
2978:His wife was
2975:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2941:(as Henry II
2940:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2892:His wife was
2889:
2882:
2878:
2875:and they had
2874:
2871:His wife was
2868:
2861:
2857:
2854:and they had
2853:
2850:His wife was
2847:
2841:
2840:3-88680-272-8
2837:
2833:
2828:
2821:
2815:
2808:
2802:
2795:
2789:
2782:
2776:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2657:
2651:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2588:
2582:
2575:
2569:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2546:
2540:
2530:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2482:
2476:
2469:
2463:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2361:
2355:
2351:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2319:
2318:Friedrichsruh
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2119:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1952:House of Welf
1940:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1814:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1537:Post-Napoleon
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1489:
1486:
1481:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1430:House of Welf
1426:
1424:
1420:
1419:Great Britain
1416:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1240:primogeniture
1237:
1233:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1076:Niedersachsen
1073:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
892:
886:
882:
881:
876:
872:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
840:
836:
832:
828:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
775:Early history
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
680:
676:
672:
667:
655:
651:
647:
644:
640:
639:Bremen-Verden
636:
633:
629:
626:
622:
618:
614:
611:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
578:
577:
575:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
544:
543:
538:
534:
530:
526:
525:Niedersachsen
522:
518:
514:
509:
493:
485:
474:
472:Today part of
470:
454:
452:
449:
448:
445:
439:
436:
429:
428:
425:
424:
421:
418:
416:
413:
412:
408:
404:
400:
397:
391:
387:
384:
378:
374:
371:
365:
361:
358:
352:
348:
345:
339:
335:
332:
328:
322:
318:
315:
311:
305:
301:
298:
292:
288:
285:
282:
278:
274:
268:
265:
259:
253:
250:
244:
240:
236:
232:
229:
226:
222:
219:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
195:
191:
185:
184:German Empire
181:
178:
176:
172:
169:
167:
163:
160:
158:
154:
151:
150:
148:
144:
139:
133:
128:
125:
119:
113:
110:
104:
95:
89:
75:
67:
60:
57:
56:
53:
47:
40:
31:
19:
4630:
4618:Mitteleuropa
4609:Mittelafrika
4521:(Elder Line)
4519:Reuss-Greiz
4483:(until 1876)
4479:
4475:Coburg-Gotha
4378:West Prussia
4335:Hohenzollern
4331:Hesse-Nassau
4323:East Prussia
4198:(Elder Line)
4196:Reuss-Greiz
4159:
4155:Coburg-Gotha
3943:(until 1850)
3933:(until 1850)
3921:Hohenzollern
3910:(until 1848)
3900:(Elder Line)
3898:Reuss-Greiz
3869:(until 1824)
3859:(until 1824)
3788:(until 1826)
3780:(until 1826)
3769:Coburg-Gotha
3764:(until 1826)
3735:(until 1847)
3727:(until 1863)
3719:(until 1863)
3689:
3601:Hesse-Kassel
3457:
3435:
3434:until 1734.
3336:
3113:
3100:
3075:
3070:
3062:
3054:
3045:
3033:
3025:
3020:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2992:
2987:
2974:
2966:
2962:
2954:
2925:
2913:
2901:
2893:
2888:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2831:
2827:
2819:
2814:
2806:
2801:
2793:
2788:
2780:
2775:
2767:
2747:
2742:
2727:
2704:
2688:
2683:
2668:
2663:
2655:
2650:
2642:
2637:
2622:
2599:
2594:
2586:
2581:
2573:
2568:
2560:
2544:
2539:
2529:
2521:
2509:Marschvogtei
2498:Lower Saxony
2488:
2480:
2475:
2467:
2462:
2454:
2449:
2434:
2354:
2309:
2227:
2211:Christian II
2191:Frederick II
2133:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2068:
2059:
2010:
1955:
1925:Julius Henry
1842:
1820:
1812:
1776:
1766:
1762:
1760:
1713:
1691:
1673:
1654:
1595:
1590:
1540:
1533:department.
1512:
1493:
1460:
1427:
1412:
1380:
1350:
1322:
1310:Julius Henry
1295:
1275:
1257:
1244:
1229:
1204:
1187:
1175:Francis (II)
1164:
1129:
1119:
1116:Julius Henry
1111:
1108:Saxon Circle
1107:
1104:Lower Saxony
1103:
1094:, while the
1092:Saxon Circle
1083:
1079:
1078:). However,
1063:Lower Saxony
1062:
1060:
1025:
998:
994:
955:
922:
920:
891:the Bavarian
890:
879:
871:German kings
868:
854:, seated in
844:
805:
778:
756:Erzmarschall
742:
739:Kurschwerter
696:bendwise in
671:coat of arms
620:
598:
591:Marschvogtei
571:
540:
529:Lower Saxony
528:
524:
507:
505:
420:Succeeded by
419:
414:
106:
94:Coat of arms
27:German duchy
4552:City-states
4511:Reuss-Gera
4390:WĂĽrttemberg
4319:Brandenburg
4311:as a whole
4291:(1871–1918)
4229:City-states
4188:Reuss-Gera
4057:(1866–1871)
3980:Free cities
3954:Schwarzburg
3939:Sigmaringen
3892:(from 1848)
3885:Reuss-Gera
3879:(1824-1848)
3772:(from 1826)
3756:(from 1826)
3711:(from 1863)
3680:(from 1839)
3594:Electorates
3585:WĂĽrttemberg
3527:(1815–1866)
3471:Upper Saxon
3426:until 1695.
3422:until 1640.
3418:until 1773.
3410:until 1596.
3406:until 1705.
3402:until 1731.
3394:until 1701.
3390:until 1648.
3305:Mecklenburg
3266:Grubenhagen
3251:Blankenburg
3189:Halberstadt
2965:(mar. with
2957:(mar. with
2522:Amt Neuhaus
2517:Amt Neuhaus
2415:"LAUENBURG"
2314:Sachsenwald
2184:Christian I
2157:Frederick I
2027:1760–1814:
1969:1689–1705:
1909:1581–1619:
1902:1581-1612:
1868:1463–1507:
1835:1368–1412:
1805:1370–1401:
1596:During the
1589:issued his
1559:East Frisia
1527:Amt Neuhaus
1403:Brandenburg
1341:city-states
1314:Catholicism
1267:Ewige Union
1205:Kreisobrist
1198:Lower Saxon
1135:Reformation
1047:Burgomaster
1032:Brandenburg
972:, half the
960:pawned the
885:Wittelsbach
617:Amt Neuhaus
607:Lower Saxon
599:Amt Neuhaus
500: 1400
415:Preceded by
284:Middle Ages
203:(from 1619)
124:Saxon Steed
97:(1507–1671)
4637:Categories
4374:Westphalia
3962:Rudolstadt
3627:Luxembourg
3467:Burgundian
3454:Franconian
3430:from 1701.
3414:from 1708.
3398:from 1648.
3380:Nordhausen
3375:MĂĽhlhausen
3332:Regenstein
3288:GlĂĽckstadt
3194:Hildesheim
3110:Westphalia
2949:and as IV
2513:Marschacht
2260:(1871–88).
2222:See also:
2202:See also:
2179:from 1784.
2128:See also:
2118:, 1810–14.
2109:, 1807–10.
2091:, 1805–07.
2073:, 1804–05.
2064:, 1803–04.
2052:See also:
2029:George III
2017:from 1714.
1990:See also:
1911:Francis II
1863:Bernard II
1755:Albert III
1718:, his son
1686:See also:
1541:After the
1465:George III
1449:Charles VI
1441:Ploskovice
1252:consistory
1209:Steinhorst
1043:Hein Hoyer
978:Geesthacht
974:Saxon Wood
962:Herrschaft
921:Frederick
889:Louis IV,
883:, and his
808:Albert III
801:Wittenberg
710:water lily
595:Marschacht
542:reichsfrei
224:Government
4488:Meiningen
4480:Lauenburg
4470:Altenburg
4465:Brunswick
4437:Oldenburg
4358:Rhineland
4339:Pomerania
4165:Meiningen
4160:Lauenburg
4150:Altenburg
4145:Brunswick
4117:Oldenburg
4014:partially
3992:Frankfurt
3929:Hechingen
3793:Meiningen
3753:Altenburg
3690:Lauenburg
3667:Brunswick
3642:Oldenburg
3298:Pinneberg
3256:Calenberg
3209:Ratzeburg
3204:Magdeburg
3114:(see the
2945:, as III
2520:iii) the
2308:title of
2306:honorific
2297:In 1890,
2244:1865–76:
2209:1863–64:
2189:1848–63:
2182:1839–48:
2155:1815–39:
2142:with the
2138:, and in
2020:1727–60:
1997:1705–27:
1937:1666–89:
1930:1665–66:
1923:1656–65:
1916:1619–56:
1891:Magnus II
1889:1571-74:
1884:Francis I
1882:1543–71:
1875:1507–43:
1861:1426–63:
1854:1401–14:
1847:1401–36:
1828:1338–68:
1798:1356–70:
1791:1343–56:
1784:1322–43:
1728:Albert II
1716:Bernard I
1659:founding
1650:Bundesrat
1616:. By the
1453:enfeoffed
1337:Hanseatic
1306:billeting
1279:Bernard I
1271:von BĂĽlow
1262:‹See Tfd›
1167:Magnus II
1068:‹See Tfd›
1056:Bergedorf
970:Vierlande
966:Bergedorf
939:Rudolph I
860:Ratzeburg
856:Bergedorf
848:Bergedorf
839:Bergedorf
789:Albert II
748:‹See Tfd›
731:‹See Tfd›
726:electoral
583:‹See Tfd›
564:in 1619.
562:Ratzeburg
539:), was a
523:, called
513:‹See Tfd›
388:1865–1876
375:1814–1864
362:1803–1814
349:1705–1803
336:1689–1705
319:1303–1401
211:Earlier:
208:Religion
201:Ratzeburg
61:1814–1876
58:1296–1803
4297:Kingdoms
4063:Kingdoms
3716:Bernburg
3672:Holstein
3558:Kingdoms
3463:Austrian
3438:Bavarian
3320:Strelitz
3315:Schwerin
3283:Holstein
3214:Schwerin
2908:, as II
2294:in 1949.
1918:Augustus
1877:Magnus I
1807:Eric III
1793:John III
1765:and the
1720:Albert I
1610:Austrian
1438:Bohemian
1423:George I
1387:Holstein
1298:Augustus
1265:German:
1139:Magnus I
1132:Lutheran
931:Henry II
923:the Fair
880:the Fair
875:Habsburg
728:swords (
708:, three
679:Ascanian
218:Lutheran
4565:Hamburg
4452:Duchies
4370:Silesia
4327:Hanover
4309:Prussia
4304:Bavaria
4242:Hamburg
4132:Duchies
4070:Prussia
3997:Hamburg
3677:Limburg
3656:Duchies
3580:Hanover
3570:Bavaria
3565:Prussia
3540:Austria
3533:Empires
3442:Swabian
3365:Hamburg
3327:Rantzau
3310:GĂĽstrow
3293:Gottorp
3271:Hanover
3233:Secular
2832:Pommern
2515:to the
2502:i) the
2274:within
2248:; also
2246:William
2161:Denmark
2100:, 1807.
2082:, 1805.
2001:; also
1904:Maurice
1856:John IV
1837:Eric IV
1830:Eric II
1769:lines.
1745:John II
1620:, King
1575:Denmark
1496:Austria
1488:gyronny
1485:bordure
1325:vassals
1196:, then
1179:Maurice
990:Hamburg
941:of the
935:Cologne
896:Baldwin
887:cousin
816:John II
712:leaves
684:of ten
661:History
652:by the
632:exclave
597:to the
484:Germany
396:Prussia
383:Prussia
370:Denmark
344:Hanover
325:•
267:William
255:(first)
216:Later:
193:Capital
182:of the
173:of the
164:of the
155:of the
4570:LĂĽbeck
4560:Bremen
4460:Anhalt
4385:Saxony
4362:Saxony
4315:Berlin
4247:LĂĽbeck
4237:Bremen
4140:Anhalt
4075:Saxony
4002:LĂĽbeck
3987:Bremen
3732:Köthen
3724:Dessau
3708:Anhalt
3685:Nassau
3575:Saxony
3370:LĂĽbeck
3360:Goslar
3355:Bremen
3347:Cities
3241:Bremen
3199:LĂĽbeck
3184:Bremen
3007:, and
2961:) and
2912:) and
2858:(mar.
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2173:Regent
2169:Norway
1870:John V
1849:Eric V
1751:below)
1741:below)
1735:Eric I
1724:John I
1571:Thaler
1563:Sweden
1401:, and
1399:Sweden
1393:, the
1329:pledge
1190:Sweden
1096:Wettin
1080:Saxony
1072:German
1022:, 1420
982:LĂĽbeck
976:, and
968:, the
949:. The
873:, the
820:Saxony
812:Eric I
793:John I
752:German
735:German
706:argent
587:German
533:Danish
517:German
481:
270:(last)
252:Eric I
237:
146:Status
46:German
42:
4595:Other
4506:Lippe
4417:Baden
4354:Posen
4183:Lippe
3847:Reuss
3827:Lippe
3617:Baden
3261:Celle
2534:1659.
2347:Notes
1407:Celle
1333:fiefs
1232:Henry
986:marks
912:Mainz
908:Peter
900:Trier
852:Mölln
846:Saxe-
760:Latin
718:party
714:gules
702:azure
686:sable
682:barry
546:duchy
329:with
228:Duchy
180:State
171:State
162:State
153:State
138:Dutch
3086:and
2836:ISBN
2732:ISBN
2709:ISBN
2673:ISBN
2627:ISBN
2604:ISBN
2439:ISBN
2358:The
2171:and
1726:and
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1177:and
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814:and
791:and
722:fess
720:per
698:vert
688:and
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630:The
615:The
574:Elbe
506:The
401:1876
312:and
302:1296
234:Duke
122:The
2953:),
2175:of
2005:of
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980:to
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910:of
898:of
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