Dutch colonial empire

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grow". This was a "critical" event according to several historical studies, with Borschberg (2013) stating it "marked a major shift in policy of the VOC" and "set the cornerstone for the establishment of the Dutch colonial empire in Asia", because the resolution transformed the VOC "into an instrument of war and colonial expansion that was directed against the Iberian powers in Asia and later, of course, also against local Asian rulers and polities." Pursuing their quest for alternative routes to Asia for trade, the Dutch were disrupting the Spanish-Portuguese trade, and they eventually ranged as far afield as the Philippines. The Dutch sought to dominate the commercial sea trade in Southeast Asia, going so far in pursuit of this goal as to engage in what other nations and powers considered to be little more than piratical activities.

3398: 3907: 4233: 2131: 4178:"A decade ago, most people thought I was crazy when they learned of my efforts to save the old part of Jakarta. A few years later, the negative voices started to disappear, and now many people are starting to think with me: how are we going to save our city. In the past using the negative sentiment towards the colonial era was often used as an excuse to disregard protests against the demolition of historical buildings. An increasing number of people now see the old colonial buildings as part of their city's overall heritage rather than focusing on its colonial aspect.", leading Indonesian architect and conservationist Budi Lim said. 183: 2949: 2410: 4712: 2908:(1667), New Netherland was ceded to England in exchange for the English settlements in Suriname, which had been conquered by Dutch forces earlier that year. Though the Dutch would again take New Netherland in 1673, during the Third Anglo-Dutch War, it was returned to England the following year, thereby ending Dutch rule in continental North America, but leaving behind a large Dutch community under English rule that persisted with its language, church and customs until the mid-18th century. In South America, the Dutch seized 2592: 3886: 169: 1219: 4688: 3030: 4759: 4745: 1636: 3641: 1981:. The first fleet sailed in 1596 and returned in 1597 with a cargo of pepper, which more than covered the costs of the voyage. The second voyage (1598–1599), returned its investors a 400% profit. The success of these voyages led to the founding of a number of companies competing for the trade. The competition was counterproductive to the companies' interests as it threatened to drive up the price of spices at their source in Indonesia whilst driving them down in Europe. 4188: 4700: 4676: 4664: 4652: 4640: 4628: 4616: 4604: 3308: 36: 3174: 200: 2821:. Hoping to avoid being drawn into a protracted dispute, the Dutch government and the Xhosa chieftains agreed to formally demarcate their respective areas of control and refrain from trespassing on each other's borders. However, the Dutch proved unable to control their own settlers, who disregarded the agreement and crossed into Xhosa territory, sparking one of Southern Africa's longest colonial conflicts: the 4731: 1854:. The eight decades of war came at a massive human cost, with an estimated 600,000 to 700,000 victims, of which 350,000 to 400,000 were civilians killed by disease and what would later be considered war crimes. The war was largely fought on the European continent, but war was also conducted against Phillip II's overseas territories, including Spanish colonies and the Portuguese metropoles, colonies, 2002:

that they may with reputation not only continue their trade, but also expand it and make it grow, otherwise by neglecting this they will certainly lose it. For this was the principal reason why the Gentlemen States General have undertaken the union of the Companies and awarded them a charter and authorisation to inflict damage on the enemies."

4027:, most Dutch-built constructions still standing today in Indonesia stem from the 19th and 20th centuries. Forts from the colonial era, used for defense purposes, still line a number of major coastal cities across the archipelago. The largest number of surviving Dutch buildings can be found on Java and Sumatra, particularly in cities such as 3278:", the Netherlands, Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles (at the time including Aruba) became a composite state, known as the "Tripartite Kingdom of the Netherlands". The former colonies were granted autonomy, save for certain matters including defense, foreign affairs and citizenship, which were the responsibility of the Realm. In 1969, 2802:, as well as thousands of slaves from the East Indies, to bolster the local Dutch workforce. Nevertheless, there was a degree of cultural assimilation between the various ethnic groups due to intermarriage and the universal adoption of the Dutch language, and cleavages were likelier to occur along social and racial lines. 2085:

In the meantime, the States-General had already passed a resolution on 1 November 1603, authorising VOC ships "to damage the enemies and inflict harm on their persons, ships and goods by all means possible, so that they may with reputation not only continue their trade, but also expand it and make it

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are seriously admonished to look into and give orders to the effect that the ships, which are already equipped or afterwards shall be equipped to sail to the East Indies, can have charge and instruction to damage the enemies and inflict harm on their persons, ships and goods by all means possible, so

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and commenced mass production. Currently Indonesia is the world's second largest producer of natural rubber, a crop that was introduced by the Dutch in the early 20th century. Tobacco was introduced from the Americas and in 1863, the first plantation was established by the Dutch. Today Indonesia is

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Despite the Dutch presence in Indonesia for almost 350 years, the Dutch language has no official status and the small minority that can speak the language fluently are either educated members of the oldest generation, or employed in the legal profession, as some legal codes are still available only

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Between 1800 and 1950, Dutch engineers created an infrastructure including 67,000 kilometers (42,000 mi) of roads, 7,500 kilometers (4,700 mi) of railways, many large bridges, modern irrigation systems covering 1.4 million hectares (5,400 sq mi) of rice fields, several international

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on the southern African coast, as a victualing station for its ships on the route between Europe and Asia. Dutch immigration in the Cape rapidly swelled as prospective colonists were offered generous grants of land and tax exempt status in exchange for producing the food needed to resupply passing

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on the west coast of Africa. Both regions were also used as bases for Dutch privateers plundering Portuguese and Spanish trade routes. The dissolution of the Iberian Union in 1640 and Maurits's recall in 1643 led to increased resistance from the Portuguese colonists who still made up a majority of

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economic, political and social structures, replacing it with a Japanese regime. In the decades before the war, the Dutch had been overwhelmingly successful in suppressing the small nationalist movement in Indonesia such that the Japanese occupation proved fundamental for Indonesian independence.

2159:. The Dutch, having enforced a monopoly on the highly lucrative nutmeg production from the islands, were impatient with Bandanese resistance to Dutch demands that the Bandanese sell only to them. Negotiations collapsed after Bandanese village elders deceived and murdered the Dutch representative 1870:

had since 1517 been the main European market for products from India, drawing merchants from across Europe to purchase exotic commodities. But as a result of Portugal's incorporation in the Iberian Union with Spain by Philip II in 1580, all Portuguese territories were thereafter Spanish Habsburg

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Beyond Indonesia's art deco architecture also much of the country's rail and road infrastructure as well as its major cities were built during the colonial period. Many of Indonesia's main cities were mere rural townships before colonial industrialization and urban development. Examples on Java

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The VOC began immediately to prise away the string of coastal fortresses that, at the time, comprised the Portuguese Empire. The settlements were isolated, difficult to reinforce if attacked, and prone to being picked off one by one, but nevertheless, the Dutch only enjoyed mixed success in its

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in 1819 by the sultan of Johore. The Dutch claimed that a treaty signed with the sultan's predecessor the year earlier had granted them control of the region. However, the impossibility of removing the British from Singapore, which was becoming an increasingly important centre of trade, became

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which were in high demand in Europe. A Dutch expedition had already made contact with the islands in 1599, signing several contracts with Bandanese chiefs. The profitability of the spices was heightened by the fact that they grew nowhere else on Earth, making them extremely valuable to whoever

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chartered larger organisations—the Dutch West India Company and the Dutch East India Company—in the early seventeenth century, based on England's model that was slowly developed a century before. The companies' domination of global commerce contributed greatly to a commercial revolution and a

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with Dutch. After the colony passed into British hands, the settlers spread into the hinterland, taking their language with them. As of 2005, there were 10 million people for whom Afrikaans is either a primary and secondary language, compared with over 22 million speakers of Dutch.

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For most of the Dutch East Indies history, and that of the VOC before it, Dutch control over their territories was often tenuous, but was expanded over the course of the 19th century. Only in the early 20th century did Dutch dominance extend to what was to become the boundaries of modern-day

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Suriname discourages dual citizenship and Surinamese-Dutch players who have picked up a Netherlands passport – which, crucially, offers legal work status in almost any European league – are barred from selection to the national team. In 2014, inspired by the success of teams with

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followed as the Dutch tried to re-establish their colony. Dutch forces eventually re-occupied most of the colonial territory and a guerrilla struggle ensued. The majority of Indonesians, and – ultimately – international opinion, favored independence, and in December 1949, the Netherlands

1922:, which had dominated these trade routes for several decades, and had established colonial outposts on the coasts of Brazil, Africa and the Indian Ocean to facilitate them. The rivalry with Portugal, however, was not entirely economic: from 1580, after the death of the King of Portugal, 4121:, the number of Dutch people migrating to the colony grew with economic expansion. The increasing number of middle class population led to the development of Garden Suburbs in major city across the Indies, many of the houses were built in various style ranging from the Indies style, 3253:

will be resolved by a year. The new Indonesian government under President Sukarno pressured for the territory to come under Indonesian control as Indonesian nationalists initially intended. Following United States pressure, the Netherlands transferred it to Indonesia under the 1962

5681: 5662: 4099:). However these buildings were unsuitable to tropical climate and expensive to maintain. And as a result the Dutch officials begun to adapt to the tropical condition by applying native elements such as wide-open veranda, ventilation and indigenous high pitch roofing into their 3295:. Effective on that date, Curaçao and Sint Maarten acceded to the same country status within the Kingdom that Aruba already enjoyed. The islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba were granted a status similar to Dutch municipalities, and are now sometimes referred to as the 3282:

led to Dutch marines being sent to quell rioting. In 1973, negotiations started in Suriname for independence, and full independence was granted in 1975, marking the end of the Dutch colonial empire, with 60,000 emigrants taking the opportunity of moving to the Netherlands.

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from the French in 1658 and drove off a French attempt to retake it a year later. However, it was returned to France in 1664, since the colony proved to be unprofitable. It was recaptured by the Dutch in 1676, but was returned again a year later, this time permanently. The

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supported the project and granted insurance for the players and clubs despite the match being unofficial. In November 2019, it was announced that a so-called sports passport would allow Dutch professional footballers from the Surinamese diaspora to represent Suriname.

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Unlike in Asia, Dutch successes against the Portuguese in Brazil and Africa were short-lived. Years of settlement had left large Portuguese communities under the rule of the Dutch, who were by nature traders rather than colonisers. In 1645, the Portuguese community at

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in the years 1608–1610, the Dutch sought to secure all sorts of commercially and strategically important positions in Southeast Asia, and the VOC rushed to conclude as many contracts as possible with local monarchs and polities in the so-called frontline regions: the

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Slavery was not abolished in the Dutch Caribbean colonies until 1863, long after those of Britain and France, though by this time only 6,500 slaves remained. In Suriname, slave holders demanded compensation from the Dutch government for freeing slaves, whilst in

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and was particularly important in the fight against Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies in the Second World War. The Japanese encouraged and backed Indonesian nationalism in which new indigenous institutions were created and nationalist leaders such as

4103:. "In the beginning (of the Dutch presence), Dutch construction on Java was based on colonial architecture which was modified according to the tropical and local cultural conditions," Indonesian art and design professor Pamudji Suptandar wrote. This was dubbed 3290:

was allowed to secede from the Netherlands Antilles federation, and was pressured by the Netherlands to move to independence within ten years. However, in 1994, it was agreed that its status as a Realm in its own right could continue. On 10 October 2010, the

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branch territory, and thus all Portuguese markets were closed to the United Provinces. Thus, in 1595, the Dutch decided to set sail on their own to acquire products for themselves, making use of the "secret" knowledge of the Portuguese trade routes, which

3136:. The Dutch West India Company was abolished in 1791, and its colonies in Suriname and the Caribbean brought under the direct rule of the state. The economies of the Dutch colonies in the Caribbean had been based on the smuggling of goods and slaves into 3972:

where the Dutch fortification and canal have been retained intact, even to an extent the former tropical Villas of the VOC officials. Some of the most prominent example of these architecture is the former governor's mansion in Galle, currently known as

3500:, was spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was noted to still be spoken as late as 1921. U.S. President Martin Van Buren, raised in a Dutch-speaking enclave in New York, had Dutch as his native language. 2302:(WIC) was set up and given a 25-year monopoly to those parts of the world not controlled by its East India counterpart: the Atlantic, the Americas and the west coast of Africa. The Dutch also established a trading post in Ayutthaya, modern day 4165:

Since Indonesia's independence, few governments have shown interest in the conservation of historical buildings. Many architecturally grand buildings have been torn down in the past decades to erect shopping centres or office buildings e.g.

5126:

Bengal was rich in the production and export of grain, salt, fruit, maize, liquors and wines, precious metals and ornaments besides the output of its handlooms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade

1952:("pioneer companies") emerged, which were given "express instructions to focus on trade and engage in violence only in self-defense". The Dutch took inspiration from England's many joint-stock companies and private investment, including 2321:

involved attempting to corner the international trade in sugar by attacking Portuguese colonies in Brazil and Africa, seizing both the sugarcane plantations and the slave ports needed to resupply their labour. Although weakened by the

3005:, on the throne as King of the Netherlands. Louis was removed from power by Napoleon in 1810, and the country was ruled directly from France until its liberation in 1813. The following year, the independent Netherlands signed the 4133:

in Jakarta, Darmo in Surabaya, Polonia in Medan, Kotabaru in Yogyakarta, New Candi in Semarang and as well as most of North Bandung. Indonesia also became an experimental ground for Dutch Art Deco architectural movement such as

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Ravesteijn, Wim "Between Globalization and Localization: The Case of Dutch Civil Engineering in Indonesia, 1800–1950," in Comparative Technology Transfer and Society, Volume 5, Number 1, 1 April 2007(Publisher: Project MUSE

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Koekkoek, René, Anne-Isabelle Richard, and Arthur Weststeijn. "Visions of Dutch Empire: Towards a Long-Term Global Perspective." Bijdragen en Mededelingen Betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden 132.2 (2017): 79–96.

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which excluded Dutch shipping from the lucrative trade between England and its Caribbean colonies, and led directly to the outbreak of hostilities between the two countries the following year, the first of three

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on the north east coast of Brazil was captured in 1624 but only held for a year before it was recaptured by a joint Spanish-Portuguese expedition., In 1630, the Dutch occupied the Portuguese sugar-settlement of

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were a series of three wars which took place between the English and the Dutch from 1652 to 1674. The causes included political disputes and increasing competition from merchant shipping. The English in the

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Generally, the Dutch do not celebrate their imperial past, and colonial history is not featured prominently in Dutch schoolbooks. This perspective on their imperial past has only recently started to shift.

5145: 851: 1938:. By attacking Portuguese overseas possessions, the Dutch forced Spain to divert financial and military resources away from its attempt to quell Dutch independence. Thus began the several decade-long 6382:

Besluit van 23 September 2010 tot vaststelling van het tijdstip van inwerkingtreding van de artikelen I en II van de Rijkswet wijziging Statuut in verband met de opheffing van de Nederlandse Antillen

3156:, abolition of slavery in the French half in 1848 led slaves in the Dutch half to take their own freedom. In Suriname, after the abolition of slavery, Chinese workers were encouraged to immigrate as 7216: 2433:

the following year narrowly failed in its objective to provide a more strategically located base in the East Indies with favourable monsoon winds. The Dutch found what they were looking for in

2040:", were given the legal authority to establish "fortresses and strongholds", to sign treaties, to enlist both an army and a navy, and to wage defensive war. The company itself was founded as a 2539:

in 1638, several decades after three ships out of the Dutch Second Fleet sent to the Spice Islands were blown off course in a storm and landed there in 1598. They named it in honour of Prince

4845:, who in 1642 became the first European to see the islands. Tasman assumed it was part of a southern continent connected with land discovered in 1615 off the southern tip of South America by 2028:, VOC) was founded in 1602. The charter awarded to the company by the States-General granted it sole rights, for an initial period of 21 years, to Dutch trade and navigation east of the 3930:

still stands today. The city itself also have retained most of its old street layout and architecture, which is part of the world's UNESCO heritage. In the centre of Malacca, Malaysia, the

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were promoted. The internment of all Dutch citizens meant that Indonesians filled many leadership and administrative positions, although the top positions were still held by the Japanese.

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the Dutch resorted to a forcible conquest of the islands, which became severely depopulated as a result of Coen’s massacres, forced deportations, and the resulting starvation and disease.

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ascend to the throne, and win the English, Scottish, and Irish crowns, ending eighty years of rivalry between the Netherlands and England, while the rivalry with France remained strong.

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had been important hubs of the European maritime trade network for centuries prior to Spanish rule. By the 1580s, the Eighty Years' War led many financiers and traders to emigrate from

3474:, Dutch is the official language but a first language for only 7–8% of the population; though most of the population is fluent in Dutch, which is generally the language of education. 6450: 7142: 4087:, the former main spices islands, which due to limited economic development have retained many of its colonial elements. Another prominent example of Dutch colonial architecture is 6393: 3140:, but with the end of the slave trade in 1814 and the independence of the new nations of South and Central America from Spain, profitability rapidly declined. Dutch traders moved 2771:, at least most of it to the east of the Philippines, being at the time almost a "Spanish lake"), and to extract gold from nearby mines. Uncooperative indigenous peoples, who had 2671:

rebelled against their Dutch masters, and by 1654, the Dutch had been ousted from Brazil. In the intervening years, a Portuguese expedition had been sent from Brazil to recapture

7079: 3794:. The first is named after the Dutch Prince Willem II van Oranje-Nassau (William of Orange-Nassau) and the two others after the first part of the current Dutch royal dynasty. 2793:

By the middle of the 17th century, the Dutch East India Company had overtaken Portugal as the dominant player in the spice and silk trade, and in 1652 founded a colony at the

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Primary Dutch and Portuguese settlements in Asia, c. 1665. With the exception of Jakarta and Deshima, all had been captured by the Dutch East India Company from Portugal.

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was under Dutch domination for most of the 350 years of the combined VOC and Dutch East Indies era, many areas remained independent for much of this time including

2741:, when several English Company men were executed by agents of the Dutch. The event remained a source of English resentment for several decades, and indeed was used as a 4397:

finals. In order to support this project, a team with professional players of Surinamese origin was assembled and played an exhibition match on 26 December 2014 at the

3411: 2482:, the capital of the Portuguese Empire in the East, was unsuccessfully attacked by the Dutch in 1603 and 1610. Whilst the Dutch were unable in four attempts to capture 2606:

The Dutch colonisation of the Americas started with many mixed results. In the Atlantic, the West India Company concentrated on wresting from Portugal its grip on the

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peoples in the Cape and seized their traditional territories. Dutch military expeditions further east were halted when they encountered the westward expansion of the

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From shifting agriculture to sustainable rubber complex agroforestry systems (jungle rubber) in Indonesia: an history of innovations production and adoption process.

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from the islands to the United States or Latin America, leaving behind small populations with little income and which required subsidies from the Dutch government.

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and over the next few years pushed inland, annexing the sugar plantations that surrounded it. In order to supply the plantations with the manpower they required, a

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still standing and in use in Jakarta, such as the presidential palace, the finance ministry and the performing arts theater, were built in the 19th century in the

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harbors, and 140 public drinking water systems. These Dutch constructed public works became the material base of the colonial and postcolonial Indonesian state.

2068:, this caused a major controversy in the Dutch Republic about the legality, utility, and moral permissibility of this act. As a result, in September 1604 jurist 4162:. The largest stock of these Art Deco building can be found in the city of Bandung, which "architecturally" can considered the most European city in Indonesia. 2775:

contributed to get the expedition to leave after some months of occupation. This occupation triggered the return of the Spanish to Valdivia and the building of

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over the spices and forbid the Bandanese from selling to any other group, they resisted, and the Dutch decided to conquer the islands by force. With the aid of

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were all introduced by the Dutch. The Dutch were the first to start the spread of the coffee plant in Central and South America, and by the early 19th century

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by the Dutch. Along with starvation and constant fighting, the Bandanese felt they could not continue to resist the Dutch and negotiated a surrender in 1621.

2051:

Shortly after the VOC was founded, the problem of justifying attacks on Spanish and Portuguese ships became more acute when in February 1603, the Portuguese

7381: 7109: 6688: 4110: 2767:. The purpose of the expedition was to gain a foothold on the west coast of the Americas, an area that was almost entirely under the control of Spain (the 2082:("The Freedom of the Seas, Or, The Right Which Belongs to the Dutch to Take Part in the East Indian Trade"), in which the act of aggression was justified. 1664: 6280: 4220:(Dutch: Grote Postweg) after the Governor General commissioning the work, connecting west to east Java were also built during the Dutch East Indies era. 3862:, who made the first reported European sighting of the island on 24 November 1642. He first named the island Anthony van Diemen's Land after his sponsor 1520: 3311:

Contemporary countries and federated states which were significantly colonised by the Dutch. In the Netherlands, these countries are sometimes known as

428: 7099: 6633: 5229: 2268: 6709: 3261: 4393:

president John Krishnadath submitted a proposal to the national assembly to allow dual citizenship for athletes with the then-goal of reaching the

3635: 2714:. The fur trade ultimately proved impossible for the company to monopolize due to the massive illegal private trade in furs, and the settlement of 2510: 1473: 6930: 6451:"Postcolonial neglect in Holland, Colonial and anticolonial sentiments lead Dutch scholars to ignore and marginalize Indies postcolonial history" 4911: 6978: 4782: 2643:

in Africa. By 1650, the West India Company was firmly in control of both the sugar and slave trades, and had occupied the Caribbean islands of

522: 9278: 7469: 7214: 3508:

The greatest linguistic legacy of the Netherlands was in its colony in South Africa, which attracted large numbers of Dutch farmer (in Dutch,

2702:'s voyage of 1609. To protect its precarious position at Albany from the nearby English and French, the Company founded the fortified town of 4572: 3329:

in March 2019, 50% of respondents in the Netherlands said they felt some level of pride in the Dutch colonial empire, while 6% felt ashamed.

2805:

The Dutch colony at the Cape of Good Hope expanded beyond the initial settlement and its borders were formally consolidated as the composite

1483: 886: 421: 10439: 6458: 5536:"Competitive Collaboration: The Dutch and English East India Companies & The Forging of Global Corporate Political Economy (1650-1700)" 3878:

is named after the Dutch ship named Arnhem. The captain of the Arnhem (Willem van Coolsteerdt) also named the large island, east of Arnhem

3192: 1074:

control of international maritime shipping routes through strategically placed outposts, rather than from expansive territorial ventures.

344: 8001:

Dewulf, J. (Spring 2011). "The Many Meanings of Freedom: The Debate on the Legitimacy of Colonialism in the Dutch Resistance, 1940–1949".

8102: 7042: 6401: 5535: 4568: 976: 6433: 2547:

of the Netherlands. The Dutch found the climate hostile and abandoned the island after several further decades. The Dutch established a

7259: 7026: 3798: 3275: 1898:, Efficient access to capital enabled the Dutch in the 1580s to extend their trade routes beyond northern Europe to new markets in the 951: 916: 901: 896: 384: 253: 7083: 182: 7332: 3394:, the 32nd president, elected to four terms in office (1933 to 1945) and the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms. 1602: 1418: 249: 7290: 3450:

The century and half of Dutch rule in Ceylon (modern-day Sri Lanka) and southern India left few to no traces of the Dutch language.

3438:

from Dutch, both in words for everyday life, and as well in scientific or technological terminology. One scholar argues that 20% of

2008: 100: 10414: 8250: 4516: 1657: 1612: 8136: 3191:. The Dutch surrendered two months later in Java, with Indonesians initially welcoming the Japanese as liberators. The subsequent 72: 7434: 3292: 3238: 3213: 3068:

The bankrupt Dutch East India Company was liquidated on 1 January 1800, and its territorial possessions were nationalized as the

7140: 6960: 7492: 4787: 1622: 1574: 871: 572: 53: 1855: 10231: 9613: 8876: 8872: 8641: 8174: 8061: 7972: 6823: 6585: 5888: 5185: 5119: 5094: 5064: 4962: 4527:, in terms of annual attendance, participation and revenue and it is played on all levels, from children to middle-aged men. 2331: 1693: 270: 79: 7316: 6303: 10444: 7627:"From Self-Defense to an Instrument of War: Dutch Privateering Around the Malay Peninsula in the Early Seventeenth Century" 4476: 3089:

and their bases in India to the British, and recognized the British claim to Singapore. In return, the British handed over

2501:, from 1639 till 1854 (215 years), the Dutch were the only European power allowed to operate in Japan, confined in 1639 to 10137: 5775:

Cort, Bondigh ende Waerachtigh Verhael Wan't schandelyck over-geven ende verlaten vande voorname Conquesten van Brasil...;

4409:, who have set up a presentation and sent invitations to 100 players of Surinamese origin, receiving 85 positive answers. 2494:'s increasing suspicion of the intentions of the Catholic Portuguese led to their expulsion in 1639. Under the subsequent 2417:

The war between Phillip II's possessions and other countries led to a deterioration of the Portuguese Empire, as with the

8415: 6480: 4807: 4472: 3628: 2678:

On the north-east coast of North America, the West India Company took over a settlement that had been established by the

2540: 2148: 2140: 1650: 1570: 1511: 1201: 1013: 497: 7546: 6457:. Inside Indonesia, the English-language media forum of the Indonesian Resources and Information Program. Archived from 5905: 4158:

also made an attempt to modernize indigenous architecture, resulting several unique design such as Pohsarang Church and

2326:

with Spain, whose attention was focused elsewhere, the Portuguese were able to fight off the initial assault before the

2287:. Even though the Portuguese had never been able to capture the entire island of Ceylon, they had been able to keep the 2252: 10283: 9283: 7731: 7606: 6902: 6049: 6015: 5977: 5952: 5264: 5210: 5037: 5012: 4987: 4937: 4772: 4362: 3077: 2572: 1403: 961: 804: 340: 284: 86: 5678: 5659: 4687: 2889:, was successful in destroying by fire a large Dutch merchant fleet of 140 ships. During the same action, the town of 8927: 8155: 8039: 7991: 7933: 7903: 7876: 7826: 7750: 7710: 7683: 7005: 6807: 6672: 6498: 6252: 6218: 6192: 6158: 6103: 6096:

Formosa under the Dutch: described from contemporary records, with explanatory notes and a bibliography of the island

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under their control for a considerable time before the coming of the Dutch in war. Portugal's South American colony,

1731: 1478: 1407: 1165: 1078: 1008: 1003: 926: 911: 906: 764: 119: 7411: 5142: 4877: 3707:. Many of the towns and cities along the Hudson in upstate New York have placenames with Dutch origins (for example 8313: 4583: 4556: 4504: 4122: 3188: 2873:" which were well suited to the naval tactics of the era. The English also captured numerous Dutch merchant ships. 1607: 784: 759: 617: 7187: 6630: 6499:"Share of respondents who felt that their country's former empire was something to be proud or ashamed of in 2019" 2798:

ships. The Cape authorities also imported a number of Europeans of other nationalities, namely Germans and French

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was forcibly absorbed into New Netherland after ships and soldiers were sent to capture it by the Dutch governor,

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Because small European trading-companies often lacked the capital or the manpower for large-scale operations, the

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English is the primary language of communication among the locals as well as the tourists who visit Sint Maarten.

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which had been founded in 1614. The Dutch had been sending ships annually to the Hudson River to trade fur since

1592: 717: 188: 9071: 7385: 7043:"Designing colonial cities: the making of modern town planning in the Dutch East Indies and Indonesia 1905–1950" 3977:

and the Old Dutch Reformed Church. In the capital Colombo, many of the Dutch and Portuguese architecture around

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of 1780–1784, in which the Dutch Republic lost a number of its colonial possessions and trade monopolies to the

168: 10409: 7965:

Britain and the Netherlands in Europe and Asia: Papers delivered to the Third Anglo-Dutch Historical Conference

6277: 5613:

Blussé, Leonard (1 January 1989). "Pioneers or cattle for the slaughterhouse? A rejoinder to A.R.T. Kemasang".

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the Brazilian settlers. The Dutch were finally overcome during the 1650s but managed to receive 4 million

2280: 1023: 861: 57: 4377:, who captained Suriname in the 1940s and was the first Surinamese to play professionally in the Netherlands. 3009:

with Britain. All the colonies Britain had seized were returned to the Netherlands, with the exception of the

2737:, founded two years earlier, for the same goods and markets in the East. In 1619, the rivalry resulted in the 1977:("Company of Far Lands") was founded in Amsterdam, with the aim of sending two fleets to the spice islands of 10347: 6946: 6091: 4595: 4564: 4531: 4386: 3386:, the first president who was not of British descent, and whose first language was Dutch, the 26th president 2749:

in the 1660s; nevertheless, in the late 1620s the English Company shifted its focus from Indonesia to India.

1990: 1586: 1380: 1233: 856: 846: 836: 789: 737: 702: 677: 642: 637: 542: 449: 8497: 1070:

It was initially a trade-based system which derived most of its influence from merchant enterprise and from

10342: 10226: 8512: 8243: 7097: 5226: 3588: 2756: 1260: 831: 647: 597: 17: 6087: 3703:, has bequeathed his name to a street, a neighborhood and a few schools in New York City, and the town of 2347: 1128:

In the 18th century, the Dutch colonial empire began to decline as a result of being overwhelmed from the

10352: 9389: 4560: 4174:. Presently, however, more Indonesians have become aware of the value of preserving their old buildings. 4107:(Indies architecture), which combines the existing traditional Hindu-Javanese style with European forms. 4100: 3927: 3732: 3093:

and agreed not to sign treaties with rulers in the "islands south of the Straits of Singapore". Thus the

3042: 2342:

in January 1637. In a series of successful expeditions, he gradually extended the Dutch possessions from

2244: 1745: 1488: 1466: 809: 692: 612: 8836: 8570: 4232: 3397: 3145: 1927: 8738: 8433: 8292: 8217: 7895: 7745:. Contributors: John Cranmer-Byng, Willard J. Peterson, Jr, John W. Witek. Cambridge University Press. 4024: 3982: 3874:

by the British. It was officially renamed in honor of its first European discoverer on 1 January 1856.

3201: 3082: 3006: 2925: 2442: 2209: 2048:. Dutch enterprise, companies and government institutions were inspired by their English counterparts. 1545: 1498: 1210: 1064: 1018: 821: 687: 502: 492: 487: 310: 8118:

Noorlander, D. L. "The Dutch Atlantic world, 1585–1815: Recent themes and developments in the field."

6927: 10419: 10310: 9458: 9022: 6975: 6315: 4269:

not only the oldest industrial producer of tobacco, but also the second largest consumer of tobacco.

4167: 4114: 4016:. In the former Dutch capital of Cape Town, nearly nothing from the VOC era have survived except the 3728: 2960: 1597: 1370: 1048: 527: 3906: 2842:

that would last on and off for two decades and slowly erode Dutch naval power to England's benefit.

2733:

Since its inception, the Dutch East India Company had been in competition with its counterpart, the

2130: 10268: 10243: 10093: 9752: 9747: 8536: 8273: 6876: 4699: 4675: 4663: 4651: 4639: 4627: 4615: 4603: 4545: 4398: 4171: 2885:

on 19 and 20 August 1666. The attack, named after the commander of the landing force, Rear-Admiral

2753: 2614:

trade, and on opportunistic attacks on the Spanish treasure fleets on their homeward bound voyage.

2453: 2372: 2318: 2299: 2226: 2160: 2152: 2017: 1998: 1939: 1851: 1399: 1386: 1056: 1052: 774: 769: 627: 607: 297: 220: 210: 93: 7206: 7139:

For images see the website of the 'Royal Institute of language, geography and ethnology' (KITLV):

6773:"Appendix 2. Non-English Dialects in America. 8. Dutch. Mencken, H.L. 1921. The American Language" 4095:. The earlier Dutch construction mostly replicate the architecture style in the Homeland (such as 4023:

Although the Dutch already started erecting buildings shortly after they arrived on the shores of

3279: 10424: 10335: 10216: 9757: 9710: 9653: 9352: 9296: 9044: 8236: 8113:

Heaven's Wrath: The Protestant Reformation and the Dutch West India Company in the Atlantic World

7702: 6751: 5970:

An Archaeology of Colonial Identity: Power and Material Culture in the Dwars Valley, South Africa

4358: 3997: 3748: 3250: 3229: 3208:

in 1914, popular also with Dutch workers and sailors at the time, was in strategic alliance with

3094: 2995: 2886: 2854: 2624: 2179: 1247: 1114: 941: 841: 732: 727: 712: 652: 592: 587: 537: 477: 174: 46: 7227: 4889: 4373:

and the Netherlands, was elected Surinamese footballer of the century. Another famous player is

10357: 10258: 10253: 9941: 9889: 9809: 9742: 9646: 9631: 9524: 9291: 9245: 9086: 8973: 8841: 8600: 8565: 5878: 5138: 4538: 4382: 3935: 3246: 3001:

In 1806, Napoleon dissolved the Batavian Republic and established a monarchy with his brother,

2929: 2918: 2909: 2905: 2882: 2857:. However, after Koxinga defeated Dutch reinforcements from Java, Coyett surrendered Formosa. 2746: 2679: 2586: 2327: 2090: 1326: 1218: 1137: 1129: 799: 742: 577: 552: 482: 8099: 7626: 7049: 5084: 5054: 10288: 10061: 9936: 9000: 8990: 8949: 8920: 7181: 6760:

De voertaal op het hele eiland is Engels. (The main language on the whole island is English.)

6601: 6422: 5175: 4496: 3943: 3911: 3521: 3391: 3296: 2948: 2933: 2866: 2776: 2660: 2529: 2056: 1923: 662: 622: 582: 567: 532: 10176: 8128:(1953). Asia and Western dominance, 1498–1945, by K.M. Panikkar. London: G. Allen and Unwin. 7256: 7024: 6710:"The Caribbean Netherlands in numbers 2022, What percentage of the population speaks Dutch?" 6381: 6210: 6203: 6128:

Protestantism and Patriotism: Ideologies and the Making of English Foreign Policy, 1650–1668

4534:

was also founded during Dutch rule in 1935, and has a long history of fielding its national

3224:

Two days after the Japanese surrender in August 1945, Sukarno and fellow nationalist leader

2445:

after the putative Dutch ancestors the Batavians, and which would become the capital of the

1530: 10381: 10211: 10181: 10056: 9987: 9958: 9877: 9211: 9049: 9039: 8884: 8610: 8458: 8308: 6853: 6730: 4777: 4520: 4453: 4118: 3871: 3744: 3740: 3724: 3704: 3565: 3090: 3046: 2991: 2968: 2521: 2438: 2205: 2164: 2061: 1827: 1823: 1799: 1751: 1361: 1331: 891: 826: 707: 697: 672: 602: 512: 10161: 8534: 8271: 7336: 6649: 2990:. After the outbreak of hostilities between Britain and France again in 1803, the British 2900:

The Second Anglo-Dutch War was precipitated in 1664, when English forces moved to capture

2200:

The conquest culminated in the Banda massacre, which saw 2,800 Bandanese killed and 1,700

1894:

and then one of Europe's most important commercial centres, to Dutch cities, particularly

8: 10073: 9953: 9919: 9821: 9641: 9636: 9448: 9167: 9103: 8978: 8963: 8690: 8666: 8636: 4850: 4512: 4394: 4350: 4155: 4135: 4017: 3938:

still stand as a reminder of Dutch occupation. There are still archaeological remains of

3837: 3771: 3720: 3712: 3553: 3439: 3313: 2914: 2874: 2695: 2556: 2119: 2041: 2033: 1973: 1872: 1453: 1438: 1341: 1336: 1278: 946: 747: 517: 9789: 9779: 6356:

Violent Internal Conflicts in Asia Pacific: Histories, Political Economics, and Policies

4374: 2706:

in 1625, at the mouth of the Hudson, encouraging settlement of the surrounding areas of

2212:. With the Bandanese resistance ended, the Dutch secured their valuable monopoly on the 10186: 10166: 10149: 10100: 9965: 9774: 9725: 9658: 9576: 9517: 9512: 9507: 9463: 9433: 9325: 9223: 9091: 9066: 8660: 8580: 8018: 7856:

Macau, China: A Political History of the Portuguese Colony's Transition to Chinese Rule

7672: 7659: 7497: 6621:

Bron: Zevende algemene volks- en woningtelling 2004, Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek

5860: 5630: 5517: 5407: 4764: 4260:

was the third largest producer in the world. In 1778, the Dutch brought cacao from the

3863: 3736: 3592: 3387: 3255: 3242: 3054: 3038: 2963:

invaded the Dutch Republic and turned the nation into a satellite of France, named the

2742: 2734: 2611: 2491: 2449:. Meanwhile, the Dutch continued to drive out the Portuguese from their bases in Asia. 2264: 2045: 1965: 1935: 1640: 1448: 1149: 993: 794: 562: 472: 323: 8133:

A historical companion to postcolonial literatures: Continental Europe and Its Empires

8072:

The Dutch Moment: War, Trade, and Settlement in the Seventeenth-Century Atlantic World

4000:, was developed. These style of architecture can be found in historical towns such as 2967:. Britain, which was at war with France, soon moved to occupy Dutch colonies in Asia, 2409: 2044:, similarly to its English rival that had been founded two years earlier, the English 1047:) comprised the overseas territories and trading posts controlled and administered by 219: Territories administered by or originating from territories administered by the 209: Territories administered by or originating from territories administered by the 10295: 10191: 10127: 10122: 10051: 9948: 9663: 9591: 9586: 9428: 9357: 9340: 9335: 9330: 9130: 9081: 8820: 8646: 8590: 8348: 8318: 8170: 8151: 8094:

Legêne, Susan. "The European character of the intellectual history of Dutch empire."

8057: 8035: 8022: 7987: 7968: 7951: 7929: 7899: 7888: 7872: 7865: 7822: 7815: 7746: 7727: 7706: 7695: 7679: 7602: 7223: 7001: 6957: 6803: 6581: 6214: 6188: 6154: 6109: 6099: 6045: 6011: 5973: 5948: 5884: 5509: 5399: 5260: 5206: 5181: 5115: 5090: 5060: 5033: 5008: 4983: 4958: 4933: 4905: 4828:

First language or "mother tongue", of 58% of the population, second language for 24%,

4213:

city. Most main railroads and rail stations on Java as well as the main road, called

3986: 3867: 3791: 3767: 3700: 3196: 3069: 3010: 2979: 2964: 2890: 2806: 2794: 2788: 2727: 2632: 2446: 2384: 2288: 2029: 1839: 1781: 1689: 1443: 1394: 1390: 1321: 1316: 1161: 1145: 667: 632: 8140: 8082: 6849: 6042:

A Military History of South Africa: From the Dutch-Khoi Wars to the End of Apartheid

5634: 3462:, Dutch is the official language. 82% of the population can speak Dutch fluently In 2208:, the official in charge of the fighting, expelled the remaining 1,000 Bandanese to 1188:—remain as constituent countries represented within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. 10144: 9931: 9926: 9882: 9869: 9799: 9767: 9762: 9626: 9621: 9603: 9564: 9497: 9480: 9421: 9411: 9406: 9347: 9303: 9273: 9233: 9216: 9199: 9162: 8913: 8857: 8804: 8762: 8631: 8333: 8010: 7638: 6793: 6083: 5852: 5622: 5501: 5391: 5157: 5080: 4885: 4366: 4342: 4338: 4322: 4321:-born football players and Dutch-born football players of Surinamese descent, like 4151: 4147: 4143: 4075:. There are also significant examples of 17–19th century Dutch architecture around 3951: 3752: 3668: 3612: 3383: 3129: 2975: 2870: 2861: 2850: 2839: 2738: 2687: 2607: 2591: 2502: 2483: 1957: 1911: 1891: 1831: 1713: 1701: 1366: 1265: 1238: 1083: 981: 779: 547: 467: 371: 6827: 4548:, although the first participation's in the 60s were not till after independence. 4281: 3885: 3265:

Dutch colonists in Suriname, 1920. Most Europeans left after independence in 1975.

2509:. In the mid-17th century, the Dutch also explored the western Australian coasts, 2079:

Mare Liberum, sive de jure quod Batavis competit ad Indicana commercia dissertatio

1984: 10362: 10330: 10203: 10171: 10154: 10110: 10105: 10083: 10078: 10036: 10029: 10004: 9864: 9859: 9700: 9581: 9475: 9470: 9438: 9263: 9253: 9147: 9140: 9135: 9120: 9076: 8958: 8944: 8492: 8106: 7756: 7721: 7596: 7320: 7314: 7263: 7245: 7220: 7210: 7191: 7162: 7146: 7129: 7113: 7103: 7030: 6982: 6964: 6934: 6797: 6676: 6637: 6575: 6437: 6307: 6284: 5770: 5685: 5666: 5233: 5149: 5056:

Finance and Society in 21st Century China: Chinese Culture Versus Western Markets

4750: 4354: 4217: 4193: 3958: 3939: 3783: 3529: 3137: 3098: 3002: 2834: 2552: 2364: 2292: 2192: 2170:

The Dutch East India Company, which was founded in 1602 as an amalgamation of 12

2095: 2064:. When Heemskerck returned to Amsterdam in 1604 with the enormous booty from the 1953: 1769: 1725: 1296: 1152:. Nevertheless, major portions of the empire survived until the advent of global 936: 931: 921: 682: 557: 507: 9784: 7769: 7743:

China and Maritime Europe, 1500–1800: Trade, Settlement, Diplomacy, and Missions

7172:

Daendels (1762–1818), a pro-French Governor-General, originally named the road:

5909: 2060:

was captured off the coast of Singapore by three VOC ships under the command of

10305: 10300: 10263: 10238: 10221: 10132: 10117: 10088: 10046: 9894: 9854: 9849: 9804: 9730: 9690: 9680: 9670: 9485: 9364: 9258: 9125: 9007: 8585: 8443: 8125: 6300: 4846: 4736: 4508: 4500: 4457: 4449: 4330: 4088: 3978: 3879: 3818: 3691:(from Conyne Eylandt, modern Dutch spelling Konijneneiland: Rabbit island) and 3656: 3573: 3549: 3486: 3368: 3360: 3338: 3225: 3205: 3185: 2901: 2894: 2723: 2715: 2021: 1978: 1961: 1847: 1835: 1719: 1617: 1354: 1306: 1153: 1133: 1117:, the empire received 50% of textiles and 80% of silks import from the India's 1060: 1040: 998: 971: 966: 876: 657: 149: 8211: 7642: 6799:

Martin Van Buren: The American Presidents Series: The 8th President, 1837–1841

6689:"Papiamento most-spoken language on Bonaire, English on Saba and St Eustatius" 5626: 5280: 3655:

Some towns of New York and areas of New York City, once part of the colony of

3029: 10403: 10386: 10273: 10068: 10041: 10014: 9992: 9970: 9737: 9720: 9705: 9549: 9502: 9490: 9416: 9308: 9182: 9177: 9152: 9034: 8772: 8767: 8423: 8400: 8395: 8379: 8343: 8338: 8323: 8049: 7955: 7550: 7352:"Stefano Rijssel, Seattle Sounders and the strange case of Surinamese soccer" 5513: 5403: 4402: 4301: 4296:

in Indonesia in 1912 after an airplane crash in 1911 and rumors about living

4289: 4237: 4206: 4013: 3981:

have been demolished during the British period, few of the remaining include

3829: 3692: 3648: 3644: 3600: 3482: 3209: 3072:. Anglo-Dutch rivalry in Southeast Asia continued to fester over the port of 2978:

signed by Britain and France in 1802, the Cape Colony and the islands of the

2768: 2703: 2400: 2388: 2355: 2323: 2314: 2284: 2234: 2173: 2156: 2107: 1947: 1931: 1899: 1859: 1817: 1793: 1787: 1737: 1697: 1540: 1525: 1431: 1173: 1118: 1110: 1082:

cultural flowering in the Netherlands of the 17th century, known as the

9814: 9794: 7760: 7598:

Matters of Exchange: Commerce, Medicine, and Science in the Dutch Golden Age

6549: 4410: 3195:

during the remainder of World War II saw the fundamental dismantling of the

10278: 10019: 10009: 9975: 9904: 9899: 9826: 9616: 9598: 9559: 9554: 9534: 9529: 9401: 9394: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9268: 9206: 9187: 9172: 9108: 8757: 8560: 8374: 8369: 8353: 8328: 7921: 7159:

Colonialism: an international social, cultural, and political encyclopedia.

7126:

Colonialism: an international social, cultural, and political encyclopedia.

6318: 4484: 4334: 4293: 4001: 3993: 3919: 3814: 3802: 3688: 3608: 3604: 3557: 3497: 3478: 3404: 3376: 3344: 3153: 3014: 2987: 2818: 2699: 2691: 2644: 2578: 2517: 2487: 2465: 2426: 2404: 2392: 2335: 2272: 2230: 2078: 2069: 1775: 1763: 1757: 1550: 1411: 1185: 1157: 1141: 1122: 413: 8736: 8222: 8014: 6669: 6256: 4930:

Empires and Entrepots: Dutch, the Spanish Monarchy and the Jews, 1585–1713

4744: 3640: 2563:; and, in 1642 the Dutch took northern Formosa from the Spanish by force. 9997: 9982: 9831: 9544: 9453: 9443: 9369: 9017: 9012: 8714: 8595: 8453: 8428: 7943: 6311: 4842: 4430: 4346: 4326: 4261: 4076: 4056: 3947: 3875: 3859: 3810: 3751:, one of the four that make up Long Island, is also of Dutch origin. The 3581: 3382:

In the U.S., there have been three American presidents of Dutch descent:

3364: 2707: 2683: 2596: 2544: 2469: 2396: 2368: 2213: 2198:, the Dutch launched several military expeditions against the Bandanese. 2076:("Commentary on the Law of Prize and Booty"), later published in 1609 as 1915: 1707: 1535: 1493: 1311: 1251: 1169: 1102: 1071: 722: 257: 27:

Overseas territories controlled by the Dutch Republic and the Netherlands

8228: 7185: 6898: 4433:

is also practised in Suriname, as are popular among the Dutch sports of

3347:

ancestry descending from emigrated Dutch settlers. In South Africa, the

3148:

were combined under one administration with Suriname from 1828 to 1845.

2869:(1652–54) had the naval advantage with larger numbers of more powerful " 10024: 9841: 9715: 9675: 9608: 8502: 8468: 6772: 5864: 5521: 5489: 5411: 5379: 4552: 4434: 4406: 4245: 4205:

include the capital Jakarta and Bandung, outside Java examples include

4187: 4096: 4060: 4040: 4005: 3969: 3962: 3845: 3779: 3759:

at Philadelphia is also a Dutch name meaning hidden or skulking river.

3716: 3672: 3533: 3493: 3352: 2937: 2822: 2814: 2719: 2711: 2668: 2620: 2371:

of gold) in exchange for extinguishing their claims over Brazil in the

336: 8688: 7238: 5763: 5227:"The Big Cycles of the Dutch and British Empires and Their Currencies" 3965:, with its steeply pitched gables, large windows and soaring finials. 3775: 3545: 3471: 3307: 3037:

After Napoleon's defeat in 1815, Europe's borders were redrawn at the

2648: 2559:, an island then largely dominated by Portuguese traders and known as 1862:

belonging at that time to the King of Spain and Portugal. The port of

1850:(alias the United Provinces), whose sovereignty was recognised by the 1181: 9914: 9685: 9569: 9539: 9320: 9194: 8985: 8709: 8482: 8448: 7520: 7020: 4542: 4524: 4438: 4297: 4285: 4265: 4080: 3974: 3931: 3664: 3577: 3516: 3435: 3356: 3073: 2881:

estuary in the Netherlands, executed by the English Fleet during the

2536: 2461: 2260: 2195: 1914:

of Africa, towards the Indian Ocean, and the source of the lucrative

1895: 1098: 866: 357: 6976:

Willemstad, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles Heritage Site of the Month

6852:[How many people speak Dutch as mother tongue?] (in Dutch). 6455:

2011 article series called 'Being Indo' featured in Inside Indonesia

6353: 5856: 5505: 5395: 4955:

Networks of Empire: Forced Migration in the Dutch East India Company

2828: 35: 9315: 9098: 9056: 8995: 8880: 8575: 8206: 6928:

http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/php/BecomingTasmania/BTAppend2.htm

5238: 5177:

Bengal Industries and the British Industrial Revolution (1757–1857)

4579: 4464: 4426: 4318: 4277: 4214: 4139: 4126: 4092: 4052: 4044: 4036: 3894: 3856: 3852: 3806: 3763: 3756: 3660: 3561: 3459: 3372: 3173: 3105:

Indonesia. Although highly populated and agriculturally productive

2799: 2764: 2760: 2421:

to England in 1622, but the Dutch Empire was the main beneficiary.

2330:

provided the WIC with the funds needed for a successful operation.

2307: 2303: 2188: 2111: 1919: 1867: 1270: 1106: 956: 881: 397: 7019:

Article by Dr. Mauro Rahardjo, architect, lecturer and founder of

5947:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 13–35. 5089:. Vol. 1: Abba – Hist. Oxford University Press. p. 174. 3957:

Dutch architecture is easy to see in Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, and

3081:

apparent to the Dutch, and the disagreement was resolved with the

2849:

led a fleet to invade Formosa. The Dutch defense, led by governor

2639:

in 1641. In 1642, the Dutch captured the Portuguese possession of

2351: 2125: 225:

Tiny orange squares indicate smaller trading posts, the so-called

9228: 9157: 9113: 8968: 8555: 8477: 8438: 8198: 8167:

Imperialism and Colonialism: Essays on the History of Colonialism

8135:(Edinburgh UP, 2008), "Netherlands and its colonies" pp 314–401. 5996:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 1933. James Louis Garvin, editor. 5032:. Dayton, Ohio: Teaching & Learning Company. pp. 53–59. 4982:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 2–13. 4535: 4249: 4130: 4084: 4048: 4032: 4028: 4009: 3968:

Dutch architecture can also be found in Sri Lanka, especially in

3915: 3890: 3841: 3708: 3684: 3541: 3467: 3218: 3177: 3097:

was divided into two spheres of influence: a British one, on the

3086: 3062: 2846: 2810: 2656: 2560: 2457: 2450: 2434: 2430: 2343: 2201: 2103: 2052: 2016:

As a result of the problems caused by inter-company rivalry, the

1887: 1883: 1879: 1741: 1301: 1255: 9029: 7838:

The First Imperial Age: European Overseas Expansion c. 1400–1715

6113: 4117:

style. At the turn of the 20th century and partially due to the

3033:

Expansion of the Dutch East Indies in the Indonesian Archipelago

2932:, in which Britain seized the Dutch colony of Ceylon. Under the 1097:, Dutch navigators explored and charted distant regions such as 199: 9061: 8936: 8788: 8626: 8605: 8507: 8487: 8405: 7847:

The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society

7161:(publisher: ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, ca, usa, 2003) P.215, 716 5764:

Facsimile of manuscript regarding the surrender of Dutch Brazil

4480: 4253: 4210: 4072: 4068: 3699:"). The last Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, 3680: 3676: 3596: 3569: 3326: 3241:

Indonesian sovereignty. Under the terms of the 1949 agreement,

3157: 3122: 3114: 2983: 2952: 2672: 2636: 2628: 2600: 2548: 2525: 2506: 2495: 2359: 2339: 1985:

Establishment of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) (1602–1609)

1930:, the Portuguese crown had been joined to that of Spain in an " 1907: 1903: 1863: 1682: 1274: 1243: 1094: 204:

Map marking territories that at some point were Dutch holdings

7770:"Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942" 3647:

as it appeared in 1664. Under British rule it became known as

3584:; Albany Dutch spoken but in danger of extinction in the U.S. 9695: 5255:

Jones, Guno (2014). Essed, Philomena; Hoving, Isabel (eds.).

5005:

The Colonial 'civilizing Process' in Dutch Formosa: 1624–1662

4064: 3787: 3537: 3463: 3287: 2652: 2615: 2520:

open up to Dutch trade but the Chinese defeated the Dutch in

2473: 2183: 2115: 2099: 1177: 6752:"Zakendoen in Sint-Maarten (Doing business in Sint Maarten)" 6697:

First languages (2013) English: Sint Eustatius 85%, Saba 93%

6301:

Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942

2151:

was a process of military conquest from 1609 to 1621 by the

8079:

Realm between Empires: The Second Dutch Atlantic, 1680-1815

6718:

Main languages (2021) English: Sint Eustatius 81%, Saba 83%

5561: 5551: 5549: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5353: 4957:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 322–342. 4414: 4257: 4198: 3616: 3510: 3416: 3401: 3348: 3118: 3110: 3106: 2982:

that the British had seized were returned to the Republic.

2878: 2809:

in 1778. At the time, the Dutch had subdued the indigenous

2640: 2429:

was captured from the Portuguese in 1605, but an attack on

2256: 1090: 8905: 7128:(publisher: ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, ca, usa, 2003) P.716 5203:

Land, Sea or Air?: Military Priorities- Historical Choices

8193: 5994:

Encyclopædia Britannica Volume 4 Part 2: Brain to Casting

5945:

Dutch South Africa: Early Settlers at the Cape, 1652–1708

4980:

Dutch South Africa: Early Settlers at the Cape, 1652–1708

3343:

In some Dutch colonies, there are major ethnic groups of

2845:

In 1661, amidst the Qing conquest of China, Ming general

2528:

for Taiwan. Then Chinese defeated the Dutch again at the

2479: 5546: 5447: 5350: 3514:) settlers, who spoke a simplified form of Dutch called 3269: 2833:

In 1651, the English parliament passed the first of the

2782: 8029: 7204: 6998:

Tokoh Pejuang Kemerdekaan, Pembangunan, Dan Pendidikan.

6151:

A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300, 2nd Edition

3882:, in modern Dutch spelling Groot Eiland: Large Island. 2220: 7077:(Publisher: NAI Rotterdam, 19 January 2007) See also: 5880:

Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in the Americas 1500–1750

5714: 5712: 5490:"Investment in English Overseas Enterprise, 1575-1630" 5471: 5469: 5467: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5380:"Investment in English Overseas Enterprise, 1575-1630" 5160:, vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 2006, pp. 237–240, 4129:. Some examples of these residential district include 3961:. The Dutch style buildings are especially visible in 2627:

from Brazil to capture the Portuguese slaving post of

2089:

During the negotiations for and implementation of the

1918:. This brought the Dutch into direct competition with 8883:

in 1975, Curaçao and Dependencies was renamed to the

7920: 6394:"Netherlands Antilles to cease to exist as a country" 3045:

from Spain in 1581, the Dutch were reunited with the

2986:

was not returned to the Dutch and was made a British

2566: 7962: 7797:

Empires of the Word: A Language History of the World

7588:

Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education

7000:(Publisher: Penerbit Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta) 6577:

Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education

6010:. Cape Town: Tafelburg, Publishers. pp. 59–60. 5745: 5724: 5585: 4726: 3766:

share names with cities in the Netherlands, such as

1191: 8054:

The Dutch East India Company: Expansion and Decline

7697:

The North Atlantic World in the Seventeenth Century

7075:

The past in the present: architecture in Indonesia.

7023:School Indonesia and Indonesian Feng Shui Society. 6850:"Hoeveel mensen spreken Nederlands als moedertaal?" 6826:. Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from 6330:

Ricklefs (1991), p. 195. Vickers (2005), pp.85, 85.

5709: 5641: 5464: 5430: 5418: 5329: 5308: 5205:. Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan. pp. 77–80. 3926:In the Surinamese capital of Paramaribo, the Dutch 2936:(1783), Ceylon was returned to the Netherlands and 2350:in the north. The WIC also succeeded in conquering 2295:, was partially conquered by the United Provinces. 60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 8034:(2nd ed.). Cape Town: Maskew Miller Longman. 7887: 7864: 7814: 7694: 7671: 7658: 6202: 5972:. New York: Springer, Publishers. pp. 29–33. 5843:Lytle Schurz, William (1922), "The Spanish Lake", 5296: 3897:, believed to be the oldest Dutch building in Asia 3053:. The union lasted just 15 years. In 1830, a 3024: 2187:controlled them. As the Dutch attempted to form a 2134:Dutch map of the Banda Islands, dated c. 1599–1619 1121:, chiefly from its most developed region known as 7779:The Penguin Historical Atlas of the North America 7080:"Pride of Indonesia – World Expo's Indonesia Pav" 6802:. New York, New York: Times Books. pp. 6–7. 6481:"A third of Brits proud of former empire: Survey" 5829: 5827: 5578: 5576: 3910:Christian cross, altar, pulpit, and organ in the 3848:subsequently anglicized the name to New Zealand. 2829:Rivalry with Great Britain and France (1652–1795) 10401: 8148:The Dutch in the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1600–1815 7984:The Scents of Eden: A History of the Spice Trade 7867:American Colonies: The Settling of North America 5943:Hunt, John (2005). Campbell, Heather-Ann (ed.). 5079: 5007:. Leiden: Tuta Sub Aegide Pallas. pp. 3–8. 4978:Hunt, John (2005). Campbell, Heather-Ann (ed.). 3636:List of place names of Dutch origin in Australia 3180:, leader of the Indonesian independence movement 2718:was unprofitable. In 1655, the nearby colony of 2486:, from where Portugal monopolized the lucrative 2251:The Dutch attacked most of Portugal's far-flung 1906:. In the 1590s, Dutch ships began to trade with 10430:States and territories established in the 1600s 8150:. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. 8032:The Shaping of South African Society, 1652–1840 7435:"Nigel Hasselbaink wil debuteren voor Suriname" 6631:CIA – The World Factbook – Netherlands Antilles 6423:A 2011 series of critical analysis featured in 6354:Adam, Asvi Warman; Anwar, Dewi Fortuna (2005). 6278:Javanese in Suriname strive to preserve origins 4853:, meaning "Land of the (Dutch) States-General". 3996:, a distinctive type of architecture, known as 3477:The population of the three northern Antilles, 3057:in the southern half of the country led to the 2996:invaded and captured the island of Java in 1811 2928:, Britain declared war on the Netherlands, the 2126:Dutch conquest of the Banda Islands (1609–1621) 1830:. A coalition of rebel provinces united in the 1679:several former trading posts stationed by Dutch 1521:Economic history of the Netherlands (1500–1815) 1089:In their search for new trade passages between 7490: 7287:"Publication | World Agroforestry Center" 7180:. A documentary narrated by Indonesian author 6044:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC. pp. 4–7. 6005: 5986: 5824: 5573: 5287: 4783:List of Dutch East India Company trading posts 2524:from 1623 to 1624, forcing the VOC to abandon 2516:The Dutch tried to use military force to make 10435:States and territories disestablished in 1975 8921: 8244: 7382:"Suriprofs geïnformeerd over WK 2018-project" 6367: 6365: 6340: 6338: 6336: 5052: 4841:, the name given to it by the Dutch explorer 3163: 3128:In 1871, all of the Dutch possessions on the 2943: 2659:in order to guarantee access to the islands' 2378: 1926:, and much of the Portuguese nobility in the 1658: 429: 10378:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy 7544: 6868: 6429:Indonesian Resources and Information Program 6187:. Melbourne: Lonely Planet. pp. 23–25. 6142: 6035: 6033: 6031: 6029: 6027: 5842: 5615:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 5173: 4837:The first European name for New Zealand was 4507:was the first Asian team to qualify for the 3245:remained under the auspices of the Dutch as 3193:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies 2893:was burnt down, which caused outrage in the 2773:forced the Spanish to leave Valdivia in 1604 443: 8030:Elphick, Richard; Hermann Giliomee (1989). 8003:Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History 7788:The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Pacific 6400:. Amsterdam. 1 October 2009. Archived from 6205:A Nation in Waiting: Indonesia in the 1990s 6006:Mbenga, Bernard; Giliomee, Hermann (2007). 5259:. Amsterdam: Rodopi B.V. pp. 315–316. 5114:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. 2005. 4932:. London: Hambledon Press. pp. x–xii. 4910:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of May 2024 ( 4413:was named to coach this special selection. 3992:During the period of Dutch colonisation in 3160:, as were Javanese, between 1890 and 1939. 2171: 1168:. Three former colonial territories in the 141: 8928: 8914: 8702: 8251: 8237: 7926:Governance and Politics of the Netherlands 7803: 7726:. Translated by William W. Wang. 五洲传播出版社. 7624: 7459: 6879:. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand 6573: 6427:, the English-language media forum of the 6362: 6333: 5567: 5555: 5458: 5365: 4923: 4921: 3428: 3276:Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands 2759:in the ruins of the Spanish settlement of 1665: 1651: 436: 422: 198: 8887:, which was eventually dissolved in 2010. 8258: 8164: 7484: 7408:"FIFA bereidt om Suriprofs te verzekeren" 6731:"What are the languages of Sint Maarten?" 6574:Baker, Colin; Jones, Sylvia Prys (1998). 6039: 6024: 5883:. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. p. 90. 4890:10.1093/acref/9780191737565.timeline.0001 4272: 3442:words can be traced back to Dutch words. 3085:. Under its terms, the Netherlands ceded 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 7812: 7674:The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415–1825 7518: 6550:"A Hidden Language – Dutch in Indonesia" 6148: 6098:. London: Kegan Paul. pp. 412–459. 5938: 5936: 5002: 4872: 4870: 4589: 4231: 4186: 3905: 3884: 3639: 3453: 3410: 3396: 3306: 3260: 3172: 3028: 2947: 2675:in Angola, expelling the Dutch by 1648. 2590: 2456:(after a second attempt to capture it), 2408: 2238: 2129: 10202: 8048: 7885: 7844: 7835: 7785: 7776: 7462:"Indonesian soccer fans' world of pain" 6448: 6200: 5845:The Hispanic American Historical Review 5200: 5194: 5132: 5073: 4996: 4918: 4460:, replicating their crest and colours. 4197:(Grote Postweg), spanning West to East 3214:Proclamation of Indonesian Independence 3078:ceded to the British East India Company 2178:, had extensive financial interests in 1934:" under the heir of Emperor Charles V, 1811: 14: 10402: 8145: 8000: 7862: 7794: 7719: 7692: 7184:was made about the road in 1996. See: 6874: 6792: 6756:Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland 6358:. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. p. 219. 6182: 6082: 5612: 5250: 5248: 5027: 4927: 4788:Ministry of the Colonies (Netherlands) 4693:The Dutch Empire prior to World War II 3576:spoken but in danger of extinction in 3445: 3101:, and a Dutch one in the East Indies. 2777:one of the largest defensive complexes 1499:constituent country within the kingdom 8909: 8735: 8687: 8533: 8270: 8232: 8225:, showing the Dutch empire 1600–1800. 8223:The Atlas of Mutual Heritage database 8199:Dutch and Portuguese Colonial History 8131:Poddar, Prem, and Lars Jensen, eds., 7963:Bromley, J.S.; E.H. Kossmann (1968). 7942: 7853: 7740: 7669: 7656: 7615: 7585: 7576: 7493:"In Indonesia, a Scandal Over Soccer" 7349: 6548:Maier, Hendrik M. (8 February 2005). 6547: 5999: 5967: 5961: 5933: 5908:. Colonial Voyage.com. Archived from 5836: 5751: 5730: 5718: 5647: 5591: 5475: 5441: 5424: 5335: 5314: 5302: 5254: 5021: 4867: 4806:Controversy exists as to precise the 3679:(after Bouwerij, construction site), 3489:, is predominantly English-speaking. 3270:Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles 2783:Dutch colonisation of Southern Africa 2269:attacks upon her commercial interests 2036:. The directors of the company, the " 417: 8096:BMGN-Low Countries Historical Review 7981: 7928:(2nd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. 7594: 6374: 6347: 5942: 5897: 5876: 5487: 5377: 5030:Explorers of the New World Time Line 4977: 4971: 4952: 4819:Reproduced from Boxer (1965), p.101. 4477:2019 IKF World Korfball Championship 3659:have names of Dutch origin, such as 2221:Iberian–Dutch conflicts (until 1661) 1109:, and parts of the eastern coast of 58:adding citations to reliable sources 29: 10440:Historical transcontinental empires 8875:of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; 8077:Klooster, Wim, and Gert Oostindie. 7661:The Dutch Seaborne Empire 1600–1800 7335:. Olympisch Stadion. Archived from 7157:Page, Melvin and Sonnenburg, Penny 7124:Page, Melvin and Sonnenburg, Penny 6297:The Netherlands East Indies 1941–42 5245: 5180:. Routledge. pp. 57, 90, 174. 5167: 5086:The Islamic World: Past and Present 5046: 4946: 4473:South Africa national korfball team 4150:. Several famous architect such as 3629:List of place names of Dutch origin 3627:For a more comprehensive list, see 3293:Netherlands Antilles were dissolved 3189:invaded the Netherlands East Indies 2149:Dutch conquest of the Banda Islands 2141:Dutch conquest of the Banda Islands 24: 8535:Colonies and trading posts of the 8272:Colonies and trading posts of the 7914: 7350:Boehm, Charles (29 January 2014). 6875:Wilson, John (21 September 2007). 6693:Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek 6153:. London: MacMillan. p. 110. 4773:Dutch colonization of the Americas 4582:is also practised, and there is a 4555:remains a popular sport, with the 3870:. The name was later shortened to 3503: 3434:in Dutch. The Indonesian language 3212:(q.v.) as early as 1917 until the 3049:in a constitutional monarchy, the 2994:the Cape Colony. The British also 2625:successful expedition was launched 2573:Dutch colonization of the Americas 2567:Dutch colonisation of the Americas 2182:, the source of highly profitable 1875:had managed to acquire in Lisbon. 25: 10456: 8184: 8056:. Zutphen, Netherlands: Walburg. 7767: 7333:"Het debuut van Humphrey Mijnals" 7239:International Coffee organization 5154:History of World Trade Since 1450 4523:is now the most popular sport in 4469:South African Korfball Federation 4182: 3423: 3332: 3061:independence of the new state of 3051:United Kingdom of the Netherlands 2583:Dutch colonisation of the Guianas 2026:Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie 1192:Former Dutch colonial possessions 1140:, along with the conquest of the 7817:Southeast Asia: Past and Present 7806:A Brief History of the Caribbean 7538: 7512: 7453: 7426: 7400: 7374: 7343: 7325: 7305: 7268: 7250: 7232: 7196: 7166: 7151: 7133: 7118: 7067: 7035: 7010: 6987: 6969: 6951: 6940: 6923:'Select chronology of renaming' 6917: 6905:from the original on 9 July 2017 6891: 6842: 6816: 6786: 6765: 6744: 6723: 6088:"Arrival and Victory of Koxinga" 5903: 4831: 4808:origins of the Eighty Years' War 4757: 4743: 4729: 4710: 4698: 4686: 4674: 4662: 4650: 4638: 4626: 4614: 4602: 4557:Indonesian Volleyball Federation 4361:have turned out to play for the 3532:with Dutch linguistic roots are 2139:This section is an excerpt from 1634: 1217: 181: 167: 34: 10415:History of European colonialism 8596:Sint Eustatius and Dependencies 7631:Journal of Early Modern History 7569: 7545:wahyawaludin (20 August 2019). 7491:Aubrey Belford (3 March 2011). 7432: 6702: 6681: 6663: 6642: 6624: 6615: 6594: 6567: 6541: 6532: 6523: 6514: 6505: 6491: 6473: 6442: 6416: 6386: 6324: 6289: 6271: 6245: 6236: 6227: 6176: 6167: 6133: 6120: 6076: 6067: 6058: 5924: 5870: 5815: 5806: 5797: 5788: 5779: 5757: 5736: 5700: 5691: 5672: 5653: 5606: 5597: 5528: 5481: 5371: 5341: 5320: 5273: 5219: 4822: 4813: 4800: 4444: 4160:Bandung Institute of Technology 3901: 3496:, an extinct dialect of Dutch, 3234:A four-and-a-half-year struggle 3041:. For the first time since the 3025:Post-Napoleonic era (1815–1945) 2247:ended Dutch presence in Brazil. 1834:declared independence from the 1063:(1581–1795), and by the modern 271:Company rule in the East Indies 45:needs additional citations for 7948:The Dutch in Brazil, 1624–1654 6899:"The Discovery of New Zealand" 5281:"Victimario Histórico Militar" 5103: 4490: 4227: 3355:are collectively known as the 2955:trading post in Japan, c. 1805 2635:the Portuguese settlements in 2243:The Portuguese victory at the 13: 1: 8213:Dutch East Indies Documentary 7890:A History of Modern Indonesia 7720:Li (李), Qingxin (庆新) (2006). 7176:. In Indonesian it is called 6758:(in Dutch). 25 January 2021. 6380:Officielebekendmakingen.nl – 5028:Fisher, Ann Richmond (2007). 4860: 4596:Evolution of the Dutch Empire 4532:Indonesian Tennis Association 4244:Crops such like coffee, tea, 3622: 2522:a war over the Penghu islands 1997:"The present deputies of the 1991:Evolution of the Dutch Empire 1234:Prehistory of the Netherlands 8146:Postma, Johannes M. (1990). 7723:Maritime Silk Road (海上丝绸之路英) 7441:(in Dutch). Algemeen Dagblad 6714:Statistics Netherlands (CBS) 4401:. The project is managed by 3851:The Australian island state 3589:Dutch-based creole languages 3367:of Indonesia as well as the 3168: 2074:De Jure Praedae Commentarius 1700:(1641–1795, 1818–1825), and 977:Lombok and Karangasem (1894) 285:Colonization of the Americas 7: 10445:Former monarchies of Europe 8935: 8081:(Cornell UP, 2018) 348 pp. 7460:Tom Allard (26 June 2010). 6242:Rogozinski (1999), pp.213–4 6209:. Westview Press. pp. 6008:New History of South Africa 5494:The Economic History Review 5384:The Economic History Review 4722: 4499:started around 1930 in the 4479:was held in August 2019 in 4312: 3204:founded by Dutch socialist 3043:declaration of independence 2334:was appointed governor of " 2259:, including Ceylon (modern 1842:, in 1588 establishing the 1677:This list does not include 10: 10461: 8739:Kingdom of the Netherlands 7896:Cambridge University Press 7595:Cook, Harold John (2007). 6040:Stapleton, Thomas (2010). 5488:Rabb, Theodore K. (1966). 5378:Rabb, Theodore K. (1966). 5059:. CRC Press. p. 151. 4593: 4497:Indonesian football league 3983:Old Colombo Dutch Hospital 3633: 3626: 3336: 3202:Indonesian Communist Party 3164:Decolonization (1942–1975) 3083:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 3007:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 2944:Napoleonic era (1795–1815) 2926:American Revolutionary War 2786: 2735:English East India Company 2576: 2570: 2382: 2379:Dutch colonisation of Asia 2313:In the 17th century, the " 2224: 2138: 2011:resolution 1 November 1603 1988: 1815: 1806: 1603:Inventions and discoveries 1546:Whaling in the Netherlands 1211:History of the Netherlands 1065:Kingdom of the Netherlands 1045:Nederlandse koloniale rijk 311:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 143:Nederlandse koloniale rijk 10371: 10323: 9840: 9244: 8943: 8866: 8850: 8829: 8813: 8797: 8781: 8750: 8746: 8731: 8698: 8683: 8655: 8619: 8548: 8544: 8529: 8467: 8414: 8388: 8362: 8301: 8285: 8281: 8266: 7967:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. 7924:; Galen A. Irwin (2005). 7795:Ostler, Nicholas (2005). 7643:10.1163/15700658-12342356 7601:. Yale University Press. 7466:The Sydney Morning Herald 6233:Rogozinski (1999), pp.213 5627:10.1163/22134379-90003260 5201:Hobkirk, Michael (1992). 5164:. Retrieved 3 August 2017 4928:Israel, Jonathan (2003). 4292:was firstly described by 4168:Hotel des Indes (Batavia) 3832:, who called the islands 3782:and the capitals of both 3762:Many towns and cities in 3375:are mixed race people of 3325:In a survey conducted by 3302: 2961:French Revolutionary Army 2680:Company of New Netherland 2454:finally succumbed in 1641 1878:The coastal provinces of 1059:—and subsequently by the 1049:Dutch chartered companies 460: 408: 394: 381: 368: 354: 333: 320: 307: 294: 281: 267: 246: 242: 234: 197: 163: 158: 136: 8837:Curaçao and Dependencies 8571:Curaçao and Dependencies 8549:Colonies in the Americas 8537:Dutch West India Company 8274:Dutch East India Company 8165:Wesseling, H.L. (1997). 8105:25 November 2020 at the 7886:Vickers, Adrian (2005). 7804:Rogozinski, Jan (2000). 7262:13 February 2010 at the 7219:16 December 2014 at the 6580:. Multilingual Matters. 6183:Witton, Patrick (2003). 5684:23 November 2022 at the 5665:23 November 2022 at the 5582:Rogozinski (2000), p.62. 5293:Vidal, Prudencio. (1888) 5162:World History in Context 5148:18 November 2022 at the 5112:Bengal: the unique state 4793: 4717:The Dutch Empire in 1975 4705:The Dutch Empire in 1960 4681:The Dutch Empire in 1830 4669:The Dutch Empire in 1795 4657:The Dutch Empire in 1750 4645:The Dutch Empire in 1700 4633:The Dutch Empire in 1674 4621:The Dutch Empire in 1650 4609:The Dutch Empire in 1630 4456:team named and owned by 4399:Andre Kamperveen Stadion 4307: 4172:Harmony Society, Batavia 3695:(meaning "Island of the 2855:held out for nine months 2757:established a settlement 2754:Dutch West India Company 2551:at Tayouan (present-day 2373:1661 Treaty of the Hague 2300:Dutch West India Company 2161:Pieter Willemsz Verhoeff 2153:Dutch East India Company 2072:wrote a treatise titled 2018:Dutch East India Company 1928:Battle of Alcácer Quibir 1852:Treaty of Antwerp (1609) 1057:Dutch West India Company 1053:Dutch East India Company 728:South Africa (1659-1677) 723:New Netherland (1659–63) 658:New Netherland (1643–45) 221:Dutch West India Company 211:Dutch East India Company 8620:Trading posts in Africa 8354:Northeast coast of Java 7845:Sneddon, James (2003). 7813:SarDesai, D.R. (1997). 7786:McEvedy, Colin (1998). 7777:McEvedy, Colin (1988). 7741:Wills, John E. (2010). 7703:University of Minnesota 7625:Borschberg, P. (2013). 7590:. Multilingual Matters. 7244:8 November 2010 at the 7145:28 January 2012 at the 6937:Retrieved 15 June 2009. 6824:"About the Netherlands" 6636:5 December 2010 at the 6344:Vickers (2005), page 85 6295:L., Klemen, 1999–2000, 6149:Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). 5003:Hsin-Hui, Chiu (2008). 4849:, which had been named 4551:As in the Netherlands, 4467:is administered by the 4359:Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink 3998:Cape Dutch architecture 3797:Many of South Africa's 3568:an extinct language in 3429:Dutch in Southeast Asia 3230:Indonesian independence 2974:Under the terms of the 2595:Dutch conquests in the 2441:in 1619, later renamed 2180:maritime Southeast Asia 2163:. Under the command of 1115:proto-industrialization 1113:. During the period of 498:Banda Islands (1609–21) 69:"Dutch colonial empire" 7982:Corn, Charles (1998). 7836:Scammel, G.V. (1989). 7618:The Phonology of Dutch 7577:Ammon, Ulrich (2005). 6958:Dutch Colonial Remains 6925:Parliament of Tasmania 6877:"Tasman's achievement" 6538:Sneddon (2003), p.162. 6253:"オリックス銀行・カードローンの申し込み方" 5877:Lane, Kris E. (1998). 5326:Taylor (2001), p. 248. 5232:1 October 2020 at the 5053:Junie T. Tong (2016). 4892:(inactive 11 May 2024) 4584:national korfball team 4573:women's national teams 4423:national korfball team 4369:, who played for both 4273:Scientific discoveries 4241: 4201: 4180: 3923: 3898: 3866:, the Governor of the 3828:originated with Dutch 3801:have Dutch names i.e. 3652: 3420: 3408: 3318: 3266: 3247:Netherlands New Guinea 3228:unilaterally declared 3197:Dutch colonial state's 3181: 3034: 2956: 2930:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War 2917:of 1688 saw the Dutch 2883:Second Anglo-Dutch War 2747:Second Anglo-Dutch War 2603: 2587:Surinam (Dutch colony) 2505:and then from 1641 at 2414: 2328:Battle of Matanzas Bay 2248: 2172: 2135: 2025: 2004: 1728:(1614–1667, 1673–1674) 1641:Netherlands portal 1474:Sovereign Principality 1327:Burgundian Netherlands 1138:French colonial empire 1130:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War 1044: 703:2nd Recife (1652-1654) 142: 10410:Dutch colonial empire 10348:Medieval great powers 8873:constituent countries 8406:West coast of Sumatra 8260:Dutch colonial empire 8111:Noorlander, Danny L. 8015:10.1353/cch.2011.0002 7950:. Oxford: Clarendon. 7863:Taylor, Alan (2001). 7854:Shipp, Steve (1997). 7693:Davies, K.G. (1974). 7586:Baker, Colin (1998). 7339:on 21 September 2013. 7319:11 April 2011 at the 7182:Pramoedya Ananta Toer 7029:16 March 2010 at the 6933:22 April 2011 at the 6675:27 April 2008 at the 6520:Ammon (2005), p.2017. 6126:Steven C. A. Pincus, 6064:McEvedy (1988), p.46. 5968:Lucas, Gavin (2004). 5930:Taylor (2001), p.250. 5833:McEvedy (1998), p.44. 5821:Taylor (2001), p.255. 5812:Taylor (2001), p.253. 5803:Taylor (2001), p.252. 5794:Taylor (2001), p.251. 5347:Scammel (1989), p.20. 5174:Indrajit Ray (2011). 4590:Territorial evolution 4505:Indonesian men's team 4429:being a Dutch sport. 4235: 4190: 4176: 4111:Many public buildings 3944:Hartford, Connecticut 3912:Dutch Reformed Church 3909: 3888: 3855:is named after Dutch 3643: 3603:(aka "Negro Dutch"), 3522:mutually intelligible 3454:Dutch in the Americas 3414: 3400: 3392:Franklin D. Roosevelt 3363:of Sri Lanka and the 3310: 3297:Caribbean Netherlands 3264: 3176: 3032: 2971:, and the Caribbean. 2951: 2867:First Anglo-Dutch War 2779:of colonial America. 2633:successfully captured 2594: 2577:Further information: 2530:Battle of Liaoluo Bay 2412: 2242: 2133: 1995: 1846:independent northern 1377:Dutch colonial empire 1037:Dutch colonial empire 790:Sri Lanka (1764-1766) 738:Sri Lanka (1670-1670) 138:Dutch colonial empire 10358:European colonialism 10343:Ancient great powers 8885:Netherlands Antilles 8169:. London: Greewood. 7670:Boxer, C.R. (1969). 7657:Boxer, C.R. (1965). 7616:Booij, G.E. (1995). 7190:5 April 2017 at the 7112:22 July 2011 at the 7102:27 July 2011 at the 7055:on 24 September 2015 6981:3 March 2008 at the 6854:Nederlandse Taalunie 6695:. 18 December 2014. 6650:"The World Factbook" 6602:"The World Factbook" 6511:Baker (1998), p.202. 6449:van Leeuwen, Lizzy. 6436:30 June 2011 at the 6371:Rogozinski, pp.296–7 6306:26 July 2011 at the 6283:7 April 2008 at the 6201:Schwarz, A. (1994). 6139:Taylor (2001), p.260 6073:Taylor (2001), p.259 5992:Entry: Cape Colony. 5785:Davies (1974), p.89. 5769:15 July 2010 at the 5742:Taylor (2001), p.65. 5706:Taylor (2001), p.63. 5697:Taylor (2001), p.62. 5109:Nanda, J. N (2005). 4953:Ward, Kerry (2009). 4778:Dutch Language Union 4567:and administers the 4559:organising both the 4521:Association football 4452:were a professional 4421:Suriname also has a 4236:Dutch plantation in 4119:Dutch Ethical Policy 3755:that flows into the 3436:inherited many words 3317:(kindred countries). 3274:In 1954, under the " 3158:indentured labourers 3047:Southern Netherlands 2535:The Dutch colonised 2439:Jan Pieterszoon Coen 2358:, Saint Thomas, and 2306:during the reign of 2245:Battle of Guararapes 2227:Dutch–Portuguese War 2206:Jan Pieterszoon Coen 2165:Jan Pieterszoon Coen 2062:Jacob van Heemskerck 1940:Dutch–Portuguese War 1828:Habsburg Netherlands 1812:Origins (1590s–1602) 1800:New Holland (Acadia) 1752:Dutch Virgin Islands 1332:Habsburg Netherlands 952:Gold Coast (1869–70) 583:Liuqiu Island (1636) 513:Pescadores (1622–24) 324:Belgian independence 298:Dutch–Portuguese War 54:improve this article 10353:Modern great powers 8691:Noordsche Compagnie 8689:Settlements of the 8667:Society of Suriname 8513:Vietnam (1637–1643) 8286:Governorate General 8115:(Cornell UP, 2019). 7637:(1). Brill: 35–52. 7553:on 26 December 2019 6996:Suptandar, Pamudji 6259:on 15 November 2014 6173:SarDesai, pp.92–93. 5912:on 29 February 2016 4578:The Dutch sport of 4515:they played as the 4513:1938 FIFA World Cup 4463:The Dutch sport of 4395:2018 FIFA World Cup 4363:Dutch national team 4351:Georginio Wijnaldum 4156:Henri Maclaine Pont 4136:Nieuwe Zakelijkheid 4018:Castle of Good Hope 3844:. British explorer 3520:, which is largely 3446:Dutch in South Asia 3314:verwantschapslanden 3239:formally recognized 2915:Glorious Revolution 2555:), in the south of 2425:attempts to do so. 2091:Twelve Years' Truce 2042:joint stock company 2034:Straits of Magellan 1974:Compagnie van Verre 1873:Cornelis de Houtman 1454:First French Empire 1439:Batavian Revolution 1342:Spanish Netherlands 1337:Seventeen Provinces 1172:islands around the 1024:Indonesia (1946–49) 1019:Indonesia (1941–45) 912:Palembang (1851–59) 718:Malabar (1658-1663) 528:Persian Gulf (1625) 483:Cape Rachado (1606) 8661:Society of Berbice 8141:entire text online 7768:L, Klemen (2000). 7498:The New York Times 7257:Chocolate website. 7209:6 May 2014 at the 6963:9 May 2008 at the 6670:Languages of Aruba 4765:Netherlands portal 4280:was discovered by 4242: 4202: 3932:Stadthuys Building 3924: 3899: 3864:Anthony van Diemen 3653: 3421: 3409: 3388:Theodore Roosevelt 3319: 3267: 3256:New York Agreement 3243:Western New Guinea 3182: 3039:Congress of Vienna 3035: 2957: 2940:ceded to Britain. 2877:was a raid on the 2604: 2511:naming many places 2492:Tokugawa shogunate 2415: 2319:West India Company 2249: 2136: 2046:East India Company 1999:East India Company 1966:East India Company 1945:In the 1590s, the 1936:Philip II of Spain 1890:, a major city in 1822:In the 1560s, the 1746:Fort Noord-Holland 1531:Amsterdam Entrepôt 1449:Kingdom of Holland 1150:East India Company 947:Pasoemah (1864–68) 917:Montrado (1854–55) 827:Cape Colony (1806) 810:Cape Colony (1795) 708:2nd Colombo (1654) 678:Philippines (1646) 653:Cambodia (1643–44) 588:Porto Calvo (1637) 568:Liaoluo Bay (1633) 451:colonial campaigns 339:occupation of the 10397: 10396: 10319: 10318: 10284:Polish–Lithuanian 9459:Gurjara-Pratihara 8903: 8902: 8899: 8898: 8895: 8894: 8881:full independence 8821:Dutch East Indies 8727: 8726: 8723: 8722: 8679: 8678: 8675: 8674: 8525: 8524: 8521: 8520: 8207:VOC Kenniscentrum 8176:978-0-313-30431-6 8063:978-90-5730-241-1 8050:Gaastra, Femme S. 7974:978-1-349-00046-3 7799:. Harper Collins. 7547:"Sejarah PBVSI -" 6830:on 22 August 2008 6587:978-1-85359-362-8 6529:Booij (1995), p.2 6404:on 2 October 2009 6314:itself have been 6092:Campbell, William 6084:Coyett, Frederick 5890:978-0-76560-256-5 5187:978-1-136-82552-1 5121:978-81-8069-149-2 5096:978-0-19-516520-3 5066:978-1-317-13522-7 4964:978-0-521-88586-7 4517:Dutch East Indies 4471:, who manage the 3987:Wolvendaal Church 3889:The Stadthuys in 3872:Van Diemen's Land 3868:Dutch East Indies 3824:The country name 3774:. The capital of 3701:Pieter Stuyvesant 3280:unrest in Curaçao 3184:In January 1942, 3076:, which had been 3070:Dutch East Indies 3011:Dutch Cape Colony 2980:Dutch West Indies 2965:Batavian Republic 2919:William of Orange 2891:West-Terschelling 2871:ships of the line 2807:Dutch Cape Colony 2795:Cape of Good Hope 2789:Dutch Cape Colony 2728:Pieter Stuyvesant 2694:, relocated from 2541:Maurice of Nassau 2488:China-Japan trade 2447:Dutch East Indies 2385:Dutch East Indies 2030:Cape of Good Hope 1840:Act of Abjuration 1826:broke out in the 1824:Eighty Years' War 1782:Dutch Cape Colony 1740:(1624–1662), and 1690:Dutch East Indies 1675: 1674: 1444:Batavian Republic 1362:Eighty Years' War 1322:Holy Roman Empire 1317:Lower Lotharingia 1146:Battle of Plassey 1032: 1031: 867:Sumatra (1821–37) 805:Gold Coast (1782) 693:Guararapes (1649) 688:Guararapes (1648) 598:Vietnam (1637–43) 548:Batavia (1628–29) 493:Mozambique (1608) 488:Mozambique (1607) 412: 411: 345:Dutch East Indies 254:second expedition 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 10452: 10420:Overseas empires 10200: 10199: 9865:Austro-Hungarian 9565:Chagatai Khanate 8930: 8923: 8916: 8907: 8906: 8888: 8748: 8747: 8737:Colonies of the 8733: 8732: 8700: 8699: 8685: 8684: 8665:Governed by the 8659:Governed by the 8546: 8545: 8531: 8530: 8283: 8282: 8268: 8267: 8253: 8246: 8239: 8230: 8229: 8214: 8205: 8192: 8180: 8161: 8067: 8045: 8026: 7997: 7978: 7959: 7939: 7922:Andeweg, Rudy B. 7909: 7893: 7882: 7870: 7859: 7850: 7841: 7832: 7820: 7809: 7800: 7791: 7782: 7773: 7764: 7737: 7716: 7700: 7689: 7677: 7666: 7664: 7653: 7651: 7649: 7621: 7612: 7591: 7582: 7579:Sociolinguistics 7563: 7562: 7560: 7558: 7549:. Archived from 7542: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7516: 7510: 7509: 7507: 7505: 7488: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7468:. Archived from 7457: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7446: 7430: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7419: 7410:. Archived from 7404: 7398: 7397: 7395: 7393: 7384:. Archived from 7378: 7372: 7371: 7369: 7367: 7358:. Archived from 7347: 7341: 7340: 7329: 7323: 7313: 7309: 7303: 7302: 7300: 7298: 7289:. Archived from 7282: 7278: 7272: 7266: 7254: 7248: 7236: 7230: 7200: 7194: 7170: 7164: 7155: 7149: 7137: 7131: 7122: 7116: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7082:. Archived from 7071: 7065: 7064: 7062: 7060: 7054: 7048:. Archived from 7047: 7039: 7033: 7018: 7014: 7008: 6995: 6991: 6985: 6973: 6967: 6955: 6949: 6944: 6938: 6921: 6915: 6914: 6912: 6910: 6895: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6884: 6872: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6846: 6840: 6839: 6837: 6835: 6820: 6814: 6813: 6790: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6769: 6763: 6762: 6748: 6742: 6741: 6735:sint-maarten.net 6727: 6721: 6720: 6706: 6700: 6699: 6685: 6679: 6667: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6656: 6646: 6640: 6628: 6622: 6619: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6598: 6592: 6591: 6571: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6560: 6545: 6539: 6536: 6530: 6527: 6521: 6518: 6512: 6509: 6503: 6502: 6495: 6489: 6488: 6487:. 11 March 2020. 6477: 6471: 6470: 6468: 6466: 6461:on 21 March 2012 6446: 6440: 6425:Inside Indonesia 6420: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6390: 6384: 6378: 6372: 6369: 6360: 6359: 6351: 6345: 6342: 6331: 6328: 6322: 6293: 6287: 6275: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6255:. Archived from 6249: 6243: 6240: 6234: 6231: 6225: 6224: 6208: 6198: 6180: 6174: 6171: 6165: 6164: 6146: 6140: 6137: 6131: 6124: 6118: 6117: 6080: 6074: 6071: 6065: 6062: 6056: 6055: 6037: 6022: 6021: 6003: 5997: 5990: 5984: 5983: 5965: 5959: 5958: 5940: 5931: 5928: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5917: 5906:"Dutch in Chile" 5901: 5895: 5894: 5874: 5868: 5867: 5840: 5834: 5831: 5822: 5819: 5813: 5810: 5804: 5801: 5795: 5792: 5786: 5783: 5777: 5761: 5755: 5749: 5743: 5740: 5734: 5728: 5722: 5716: 5707: 5704: 5698: 5695: 5689: 5676: 5670: 5657: 5651: 5645: 5639: 5638: 5610: 5604: 5601: 5595: 5589: 5583: 5580: 5571: 5570:, p. 41–42. 5565: 5559: 5553: 5544: 5543: 5532: 5526: 5525: 5485: 5479: 5473: 5462: 5456: 5445: 5439: 5428: 5422: 5416: 5415: 5375: 5369: 5363: 5348: 5345: 5339: 5333: 5327: 5324: 5318: 5312: 5306: 5300: 5294: 5291: 5285: 5284: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5252: 5243: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5198: 5192: 5191: 5171: 5165: 5158:John J. McCusker 5136: 5130: 5129: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5081:John L. Esposito 5077: 5071: 5070: 5050: 5044: 5043: 5025: 5019: 5018: 5000: 4994: 4993: 4975: 4969: 4968: 4950: 4944: 4943: 4925: 4916: 4915: 4909: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4882:Oxford Reference 4874: 4854: 4835: 4829: 4826: 4820: 4817: 4811: 4804: 4767: 4762: 4761: 4760: 4753: 4748: 4747: 4739: 4734: 4733: 4732: 4714: 4702: 4690: 4678: 4666: 4654: 4642: 4630: 4618: 4606: 4565:women's Pro Liga 4375:André Kamperveen 4367:Humphrey Mijnals 4343:Patrick Kluivert 4339:Clarence Seedorf 4323:Gerald Vanenburg 4152:Wolff Schoemaker 4148:Amsterdam School 4105:arsitektur Indis 3952:Albany, New York 3753:Schuylkill river 3560:still spoken in 3536:still spoken in 3530:creole languages 3415:Dutch family in 3384:Martin Van Buren 3130:Dutch Gold Coast 2976:Treaty of Amiens 2875:Holmes's Bonfire 2862:Anglo-Dutch Wars 2851:Frederick Coyett 2840:Anglo-Dutch Wars 2739:Amboyna massacre 2346:on the south to 2338:" and landed at 2177: 2032:and west of the 2012: 1958:Eastland Company 1912:Dutch Gold Coast 1832:Union of Utrecht 1714:Dutch Gold Coast 1702:Dutch New Guinea 1667: 1660: 1653: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1581:Colonial history 1571:Military history 1512:Economic history 1367:Dutch Golden Age 1302:Frankish Kingdom 1266:Migration Period 1221: 1196: 1195: 1084:Dutch Golden Age 1014:Venezuela (1908) 962:Mandor (1884–85) 957:Aceh (1873–1913) 937:Borneo (1859–63) 892:Ahanta (1837–39) 862:Palembang (1821) 857:Palembang (1819) 733:Taiwan (1661–62) 618:Itamaracá (1640) 573:Taiwan (1635–36) 455: 454: 452: 438: 431: 424: 415: 414: 372:Dutch New Guinea 218: 208: 202: 185: 171: 153: 145: 134: 133: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 10460: 10459: 10455: 10454: 10453: 10451: 10450: 10449: 10400: 10399: 10398: 10393: 10382:American Empire 10367: 10363:African empires 10315: 10198: 9890:Central African 9836: 9654:Romano-Germanic 9240: 8974:Middle Assyrian 8947: 8939: 8934: 8904: 8891: 8870: 8862: 8846: 8825: 8809: 8793: 8777: 8742: 8719: 8694: 8671: 8651: 8615: 8540: 8517: 8463: 8410: 8384: 8358: 8297: 8277: 8262: 8257: 8212: 8203: 8190: 8187: 8177: 8158: 8126:Panikkar, K. M. 8122:(2020): e12625. 8120:History Compass 8107:Wayback Machine 8070:Klooster, Wim. 8064: 8042: 7994: 7975: 7936: 7917: 7915:Further reading 7912: 7906: 7879: 7829: 7753: 7734: 7713: 7686: 7647: 7645: 7609: 7572: 7567: 7566: 7556: 7554: 7543: 7539: 7529: 7527: 7521:"Tentang PBVSI" 7517: 7513: 7503: 7501: 7489: 7485: 7475: 7473: 7472:on 28 June 2010 7458: 7454: 7444: 7442: 7431: 7427: 7417: 7415: 7406: 7405: 7401: 7391: 7389: 7388:on 30 July 2021 7380: 7379: 7375: 7365: 7363: 7362:on 10 July 2019 7348: 7344: 7331: 7330: 7326: 7321:Wayback Machine 7312:(in Indonesian) 7311: 7310: 7306: 7296: 7294: 7293:on 9 March 2012 7285: 7280: 7276: 7273: 7269: 7264:Wayback Machine 7255: 7251: 7246:Wayback Machine 7237: 7233: 7221:Wayback Machine 7211:Wayback Machine 7201: 7197: 7192:Wayback Machine 7171: 7167: 7156: 7152: 7147:Wayback Machine 7138: 7134: 7123: 7119: 7114:Wayback Machine 7104:Wayback Machine 7089: 7087: 7086:on 19 July 2010 7078: 7072: 7068: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7045: 7041: 7040: 7036: 7031:Wayback Machine 7017:(in Indonesian) 7016: 7015: 7011: 6994:(in Indonesian) 6993: 6992: 6988: 6983:Wayback Machine 6974: 6970: 6965:Wayback Machine 6956: 6952: 6945: 6941: 6935:Wayback Machine 6922: 6918: 6908: 6906: 6897: 6896: 6892: 6882: 6880: 6873: 6869: 6859: 6857: 6848: 6847: 6843: 6833: 6831: 6822: 6821: 6817: 6810: 6791: 6787: 6777: 6775: 6771: 6770: 6766: 6750: 6749: 6745: 6729: 6728: 6724: 6708: 6707: 6703: 6687: 6686: 6682: 6677:Wayback Machine 6668: 6664: 6654: 6652: 6648: 6647: 6643: 6638:Wayback Machine 6629: 6625: 6620: 6616: 6606: 6604: 6600: 6599: 6595: 6588: 6572: 6568: 6558: 6556: 6546: 6542: 6537: 6533: 6528: 6524: 6519: 6515: 6510: 6506: 6501:. Statista.com. 6497: 6496: 6492: 6479: 6478: 6474: 6464: 6462: 6447: 6443: 6438:Wayback Machine 6421: 6417: 6407: 6405: 6392: 6391: 6387: 6379: 6375: 6370: 6363: 6352: 6348: 6343: 6334: 6329: 6325: 6308:Wayback Machine 6294: 6290: 6285:Wayback Machine 6276: 6272: 6262: 6260: 6251: 6250: 6246: 6241: 6237: 6232: 6228: 6221: 6195: 6181: 6177: 6172: 6168: 6161: 6147: 6143: 6138: 6134: 6125: 6121: 6106: 6081: 6077: 6072: 6068: 6063: 6059: 6052: 6038: 6025: 6018: 6004: 6000: 5991: 5987: 5980: 5966: 5962: 5955: 5941: 5934: 5929: 5925: 5915: 5913: 5904:Kock, Robbert. 5902: 5898: 5891: 5875: 5871: 5857:10.2307/2506024 5841: 5837: 5832: 5825: 5820: 5816: 5811: 5807: 5802: 5798: 5793: 5789: 5784: 5780: 5771:Wayback Machine 5762: 5758: 5750: 5746: 5741: 5737: 5729: 5725: 5717: 5710: 5705: 5701: 5696: 5692: 5686:Wayback Machine 5677: 5673: 5667:Wayback Machine 5658: 5654: 5646: 5642: 5611: 5607: 5602: 5598: 5590: 5586: 5581: 5574: 5568:Borschberg 2013 5566: 5562: 5556:Borschberg 2013 5554: 5547: 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3975:Amangalla Hotel 3959:Saint Eustatius 3940:Fort Goede Hoop 3904: 3784:Saint Eustatius 3638: 3632: 3625: 3506: 3504:Dutch in Africa 3456: 3448: 3431: 3426: 3407:in South Africa 3341: 3335: 3305: 3272: 3171: 3166: 3138:Spanish America 3134:sold to Britain 3099:Malay Peninsula 3027: 3003:Louis Bonaparte 2946: 2906:Treaty of Breda 2835:Navigation Acts 2831: 2791: 2785: 2745:as late as the 2682:(1614–1618) at 2589: 2575: 2569: 2437:, conquered by 2407: 2383:Main articles: 2381: 2289:coastal regions 2253:trading network 2237: 2225:Main articles: 2223: 2218: 2217: 2144: 2128: 2096:Malay Peninsula 2014: 2006: 1993: 1987: 1954:Muscovy Company 1820: 1814: 1809: 1770:Dutch Mauritius 1726:New Netherlands 1671: 1635: 1633: 1628: 1627: 1589: 1566: 1558: 1557: 1556: 1555: 1514: 1504: 1503: 1469: 1459: 1458: 1434: 1424: 1423: 1357: 1347: 1346: 1297:Frisian Kingdom 1292: 1284: 1283: 1239:Germanic tribes 1229: 1205: 1194: 1148:by the British 1033: 1028: 982:Pedir (1897–98) 942:Japan (1863–64) 837:Moluccas (1810) 770:India (1739–41) 663:India (1644-45) 613:Mormugão (1639) 608:Salvador (1638) 563:Abrolhos (1631) 533:Salvador (1625) 518:Salvador (1624) 456: 450: 445: 444: 442: 401: 387: 385:Kingdom charter 374: 361: 347: 326: 313: 300: 287: 274: 260: 230: 224: 223: 216: 214: 213: 206: 193: 192: 191: 186: 178: 177: 172: 154: 147: 139: 126: 115: 109: 106: 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10458: 10448: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10427: 10425:Dutch Republic 10422: 10417: 10412: 10395: 10394: 10392: 10391: 10390: 10389: 10384: 10375: 10373: 10369: 10368: 10366: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10339: 10338: 10327: 10325: 10321: 10320: 10317: 10316: 10314: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10292: 10291: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10266: 10261: 10256: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10235: 10234: 10229: 10219: 10214: 10208: 10206: 10197: 10196: 10195: 10194: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10174: 10164: 10159: 10158: 10157: 10147: 10142: 10141: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10120: 10115: 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Hutchinson. 7667: 7654: 7622: 7613: 7608:978-0300134926 7607: 7592: 7583: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7565: 7564: 7537: 7519:silumansupra. 7511: 7483: 7452: 7425: 7414:on 9 July 2018 7399: 7373: 7342: 7324: 7304: 7284:(Bogor, 1997). 7267: 7249: 7231: 7195: 7178:Jalan Raya Pos 7174:La Grand Route 7165: 7150: 7132: 7117: 7066: 7034: 7009: 6986: 6968: 6950: 6947:Tourism.gov.my 6939: 6916: 6890: 6867: 6841: 6815: 6808: 6785: 6764: 6743: 6722: 6701: 6680: 6662: 6641: 6623: 6614: 6593: 6586: 6566: 6540: 6531: 6522: 6513: 6504: 6490: 6485:Anadolu Agency 6472: 6441: 6415: 6385: 6373: 6361: 6346: 6332: 6323: 6288: 6270: 6244: 6235: 6226: 6219: 6193: 6175: 6166: 6159: 6141: 6132: 6119: 6104: 6075: 6066: 6057: 6051:978-0313365898 6050: 6023: 6017:978-0624043591 6016: 5998: 5985: 5979:978-0306485381 5978: 5960: 5954:978-1904744955 5953: 5932: 5923: 5896: 5889: 5869: 5835: 5823: 5814: 5805: 5796: 5787: 5778: 5756: 5754:, p. 120. 5744: 5735: 5733:, p. 112. 5723: 5708: 5699: 5690: 5671: 5652: 5640: 5605: 5596: 5594:, p. 189. 5584: 5572: 5560: 5545: 5527: 5480: 5463: 5446: 5429: 5417: 5370: 5349: 5340: 5328: 5319: 5307: 5295: 5286: 5272: 5266:978-9042037588 5265: 5244: 5218: 5212:978-0312074937 5211: 5193: 5186: 5166: 5143:Empire, Mughal 5131: 5120: 5102: 5095: 5083:, ed. (2004). 5072: 5065: 5045: 5039:978-1429113175 5038: 5020: 5014:978-9004165076 5013: 4995: 4989:978-1904744955 4988: 4970: 4963: 4945: 4939:978-1852850227 4938: 4917: 4878:"Dutch empire" 4865: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4856: 4855: 4847:Jacob Le Maire 4830: 4821: 4812: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4769: 4768: 4754: 4740: 4737:History portal 4724: 4721: 4720: 4719: 4716: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4601: 4594:Main article: 4591: 4588: 4561:Men's Pro Liga 4509:FIFA World Cup 4501:Dutch colonial 4492: 4489: 4458:Ajax Amsterdam 4450:Ajax Cape Town 4446: 4443: 4383:dual nationals 4331:Frank Rijkaard 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4274: 4271: 4229: 4226: 4184: 4183:Infrastructure 4181: 4144:Nieuw Indische 4089:Fort Rotterdam 3928:Fort Zeelandia 3903: 3900: 3880:Groote Eylandt 3838:Dutch province 3834:Nova Zeelandia 3819:Vanderbijlpark 3657:New Netherland 3624: 3621: 3550:Sint Eustatius 3505: 3502: 3487:Sint Eustatius 3455: 3452: 3447: 3444: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3424:Dutch language 3422: 3361:Burgher people 3339:Dutch diaspora 3337:Main article: 3334: 3333:Dutch diaspora 3331: 3304: 3301: 3271: 3268: 3206:Henk Sneevliet 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3026: 3023: 3017:, and part of 2945: 2942: 2934:Peace of Paris 2902:New Netherland 2895:Dutch Republic 2830: 2827: 2787:Main article: 2784: 2781: 2765:southern Chile 2724:Delaware River 2716:New Netherland 2571:Main article: 2568: 2565: 2380: 2377: 2255:in and around 2222: 2219: 2174:voorcompagnies 2145: 2137: 2127: 2124: 2098:(particularly 2066:Santa Catarina 2057:Santa Catarina 2009:States-General 1994: 1986: 1983: 1962:Levant Company 1848:Dutch Republic 1838:with the 1581 1836:Spanish Empire 1816:Main article: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1797: 1791: 1785: 1779: 1773: 1767: 1761: 1755: 1749: 1735: 1729: 1723: 1720:Dutch Antilles 1717: 1711: 1705: 1673: 1672: 1670: 1669: 1662: 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UNSW Press. 7848: 7843: 7839: 7834: 7830: 7828:9780813333014 7824: 7819: 7818: 7811: 7807: 7802: 7798: 7793: 7789: 7784: 7780: 7775: 7771: 7766: 7762: 7758: 7754: 7752:9780521432603 7748: 7744: 7739: 7735: 7729: 7725: 7724: 7718: 7714: 7712:9780816607136 7708: 7704: 7699: 7698: 7691: 7687: 7685:9780091310714 7681: 7676: 7675: 7668: 7665:. Hutchinson. 7663: 7662: 7655: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7632: 7628: 7623: 7619: 7614: 7610: 7604: 7600: 7599: 7593: 7589: 7584: 7580: 7575: 7574: 7552: 7548: 7541: 7526: 7522: 7515: 7500: 7499: 7494: 7487: 7471: 7467: 7463: 7456: 7440: 7436: 7429: 7413: 7409: 7403: 7387: 7383: 7377: 7361: 7357: 7353: 7346: 7338: 7334: 7328: 7322: 7318: 7315: 7308: 7292: 7288: 7283: 7274:Penot, Eric. 7271: 7265: 7261: 7258: 7253: 7247: 7243: 7240: 7235: 7229: 7225: 7222: 7218: 7215: 7213:) pp. 32–64. 7212: 7208: 7205: 7199: 7193: 7189: 7186: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7169: 7163: 7160: 7154: 7148: 7144: 7141: 7136: 7130: 7127: 7121: 7115: 7111: 7108: 7105: 7101: 7098: 7085: 7081: 7076: 7070: 7051: 7044: 7038: 7032: 7028: 7025: 7022: 7013: 7007: 7006:979-8398-86-6 7003: 6999: 6990: 6984: 6980: 6977: 6972: 6966: 6962: 6959: 6954: 6948: 6943: 6936: 6932: 6929: 6926: 6920: 6904: 6900: 6894: 6878: 6871: 6855: 6851: 6845: 6829: 6825: 6819: 6811: 6809:9780805069228 6805: 6801: 6800: 6795: 6789: 6774: 6768: 6761: 6757: 6753: 6747: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6726: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6705: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6684: 6678: 6674: 6671: 6666: 6651: 6645: 6639: 6635: 6632: 6627: 6618: 6603: 6597: 6589: 6583: 6579: 6578: 6570: 6555: 6551: 6544: 6535: 6526: 6517: 6508: 6500: 6494: 6486: 6482: 6476: 6460: 6456: 6452: 6445: 6439: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6426: 6419: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6389: 6383: 6377: 6368: 6366: 6357: 6350: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6327: 6320: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6302: 6298: 6292: 6286: 6282: 6279: 6274: 6258: 6254: 6248: 6239: 6230: 6222: 6220:1-86373-635-2 6216: 6212: 6207: 6206: 6196: 6194:1-74059-154-2 6190: 6186: 6179: 6170: 6162: 6160:0-333-57689-6 6156: 6152: 6145: 6136: 6129: 6123: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6105:9789576380839 6101: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6079: 6070: 6061: 6053: 6047: 6043: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6019: 6013: 6009: 6002: 5995: 5989: 5981: 5975: 5971: 5964: 5956: 5950: 5946: 5939: 5937: 5927: 5911: 5907: 5900: 5892: 5886: 5882: 5881: 5873: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5851:(2): 181–94, 5850: 5846: 5839: 5830: 5828: 5818: 5809: 5800: 5791: 5782: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5765: 5760: 5753: 5748: 5739: 5732: 5727: 5721:, p. 26. 5720: 5715: 5713: 5703: 5694: 5687: 5683: 5680: 5675: 5668: 5664: 5661: 5656: 5650:, p. 71. 5649: 5644: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5609: 5600: 5593: 5588: 5579: 5577: 5569: 5564: 5558:, p. 40. 5557: 5552: 5550: 5541: 5537: 5531: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5484: 5478:, p. 24. 5477: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5461:, p. 39. 5460: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5444:, p. 23. 5443: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5427:, p. 22. 5426: 5421: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5374: 5368:, p. 38. 5367: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5344: 5338:, p. 20. 5337: 5332: 5323: 5317:, p. 19. 5316: 5311: 5304: 5299: 5290: 5282: 5276: 5268: 5262: 5258: 5251: 5249: 5242:, 21 May 2020 5241: 5240: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5222: 5214: 5208: 5204: 5197: 5189: 5183: 5179: 5178: 5170: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5144: 5140: 5135: 5128: 5123: 5117: 5113: 5106: 5098: 5092: 5088: 5087: 5082: 5076: 5068: 5062: 5058: 5057: 5049: 5041: 5035: 5031: 5024: 5016: 5010: 5006: 4999: 4991: 4985: 4981: 4974: 4966: 4960: 4956: 4949: 4941: 4935: 4931: 4924: 4922: 4913: 4907: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4873: 4871: 4866: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4834: 4825: 4816: 4809: 4803: 4799: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4766: 4755: 4752: 4746: 4741: 4738: 4727: 4713: 4708: 4701: 4696: 4689: 4684: 4677: 4672: 4665: 4660: 4653: 4648: 4641: 4636: 4629: 4624: 4617: 4612: 4605: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4587: 4585: 4581: 4576: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4540: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4488: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4461: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4419: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4403:Nordin Wooter 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4385:, especially 4384: 4378: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4305: 4303: 4302:Komodo Island 4299: 4295: 4291: 4290:Komodo dragon 4288:in 1891. The 4287: 4283: 4282:Eugène Dubois 4279: 4270: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4239: 4238:Mughal Bengal 4234: 4225: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4200: 4196: 4195: 4189: 4179: 4175: 4173: 4169: 4163: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4021: 4019: 4015: 4014:Graaff-Reinet 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3964: 3960: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3936:Christ Church 3933: 3929: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3908: 3896: 3892: 3887: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3858: 3854: 3849: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3830:cartographers 3827: 3822: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3795: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3749:Nassau County 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3693:Staten Island 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3650: 3646: 3645:New Amsterdam 3642: 3637: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3601:Negerhollands 3598: 3594: 3590: 3585: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3523: 3519: 3518: 3513: 3512: 3501: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3475: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3451: 3443: 3441: 3437: 3418: 3413: 3406: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3340: 3330: 3328: 3323: 3316: 3315: 3309: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3281: 3277: 3263: 3259: 3257: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3222: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3210:Sarekat Islam 3207: 3203: 3200:However, the 3198: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3179: 3175: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3149: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3031: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2959:In 1795, the 2954: 2950: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2922: 2920: 2916: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2887:Robert Holmes 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2841: 2836: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2801: 2796: 2790: 2780: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2769:Pacific Ocean 2766: 2762: 2758: 2755: 2752:In 1643, the 2750: 2748: 2744: 2743:cause célèbre 2740: 2736: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2704:New Amsterdam 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2674: 2670: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2631:in 1637, and 2630: 2626: 2622: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2602: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2574: 2564: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2498: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2475: 2471: 2468:in 1662, and 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2422: 2420: 2419:loss of Ormuz 2411: 2406: 2402: 2401:Dutch Formosa 2398: 2394: 2390: 2389:Dutch Malacca 2386: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2361: 2357: 2356:Elmina Castle 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2332:Johan Maurits 2329: 2325: 2324:Iberian Union 2320: 2316: 2311: 2309: 2308:King Naresuan 2305: 2301: 2298:In 1621, the 2296: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2285:South America 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2267:, as well as 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2235:Groot Desseyn 2232: 2228: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2190: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2175: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2157:Banda Islands 2154: 2150: 2142: 2132: 2123: 2121: 2118:and southern 2117: 2113: 2109: 2108:Banda Islands 2105: 2101: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2083: 2081: 2080: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2013: 2010: 2003: 2000: 1992: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1975: 1971:In 1594, the 1969: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1949: 1948:voorcompagnie 1943: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1932:Iberian Union 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1900:Mediterranean 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1874: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1856:trading posts 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1819: 1818:Voorcompagnie 1801: 1798: 1795: 1794:Dutch Surinam 1792: 1789: 1788:Dutch Malabar 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1738:Dutch Formosa 1736: 1733: 1732:Dutch Guianas 1730: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1699: 1698:Dutch Malacca 1696:(1603–1949), 1695: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1668: 1663: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1649: 1648: 1646: 1645: 1642: 1632: 1631: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1608:Flood control 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1562: 1561: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1541:Dutch disease 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1526:Dutch guilder 1524: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1507: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1463: 1462: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1433: 1432:French period 1428: 1427: 1420: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1356: 1351: 1350: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1288: 1287: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1225: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1197: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1174:Caribbean Sea 1171: 1167: 1163: 1160:, namely the 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1142:Mughal Bengal 1139: 1135: 1131: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1119:Mughal Empire 1116: 1112: 1111:North America 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 991: 990: 989: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 872:Borneo (1823) 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 819: 818: 817: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 800:Ceylon (1782) 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 780:Penfui (1749) 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 757: 756: 755: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 713:Mannar (1658) 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 698:Taiwan (1652) 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 673:Brazil (1645) 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 643:Taiwan (1642) 641: 639: 638:Taiwan (1641) 636: 634: 633:Luanda (1641) 631: 629: 626: 624: 623:Ceylon (1640) 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 593:Elmina (1637) 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 578:Brazil (1636) 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 553:Recife (1630) 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 538:Elmina (1625) 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 523:Luanda (1624) 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 468:Bantam (1601) 466: 465: 464: 459: 453: 448: 439: 434: 432: 427: 425: 420: 419: 416: 407: 403: 400:independence 399: 393: 389: 386: 380: 376: 373: 367: 363: 360:independence 359: 353: 349: 346: 342: 338: 332: 328: 325: 319: 315: 312: 306: 302: 299: 293: 289: 286: 280: 276: 272: 266: 262: 259: 255: 251: 245: 241: 237: 233: 228: 227:handelsposten 222: 212: 201: 196: 190: 184: 176: 170: 162: 157: 151: 144: 135: 132: 124: 121: 113: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: – 70: 66: 65:Find sources: 59: 55: 49: 48: 43:This article 41: 37: 32: 31: 19: 10248: 10138:Contemporary 9988:Indo-Persian 9976:Nazi Germany 9920:Contemporary 9822:Vijayanagara 9721:Great Seljuk 9632:Thessalonica 9560:Golden Horde 9200:Carthaginian 8979:Neo-Assyrian 8964:Neo-Sumerian 8389:Commandments 8363:Directorates 8302:Governorates 8259: 8166: 8147: 8132: 8119: 8112: 8095: 8078: 8071: 8053: 8031: 8006: 8002: 7986:. Kodansha. 7983: 7964: 7947: 7944:Boxer, C. R. 7925: 7889: 7866: 7858:. McFarland. 7855: 7846: 7840:. Routledge. 7837: 7821:. Westview. 7816: 7805: 7796: 7787: 7778: 7742: 7722: 7696: 7673: 7660: 7646:. Retrieved 7634: 7630: 7617: 7597: 7587: 7578: 7570:Bibliography 7555:. Retrieved 7551:the original 7540: 7528:. Retrieved 7524: 7514: 7502:. Retrieved 7496: 7486: 7474:. Retrieved 7470:the original 7465: 7455: 7443:. Retrieved 7438: 7428: 7416:. Retrieved 7412:the original 7402: 7390:. Retrieved 7386:the original 7376: 7364:. Retrieved 7360:the original 7355: 7345: 7337:the original 7327: 7307: 7295:. Retrieved 7291:the original 7275: 7270: 7252: 7234: 7198: 7177: 7173: 7168: 7158: 7153: 7135: 7125: 7120: 7088:. Retrieved 7084:the original 7074: 7069: 7057:. Retrieved 7050:the original 7037: 7012: 6997: 6989: 6971: 6953: 6942: 6924: 6919: 6907:. Retrieved 6893: 6881:. Retrieved 6870: 6858:. Retrieved 6844: 6832:. Retrieved 6828:the original 6818: 6798: 6788: 6776:. Retrieved 6767: 6759: 6755: 6746: 6738: 6734: 6725: 6717: 6713: 6704: 6696: 6692: 6683: 6665: 6653:. Retrieved 6644: 6626: 6617: 6605:. Retrieved 6596: 6576: 6569: 6557:. Retrieved 6554:EScholarship 6553: 6543: 6534: 6525: 6516: 6507: 6493: 6484: 6475: 6463:. Retrieved 6459:the original 6454: 6444: 6428: 6424: 6418: 6406:. Retrieved 6402:the original 6397: 6388: 6376: 6355: 6349: 6326: 6319:Nazi Germany 6296: 6291: 6273: 6261:. Retrieved 6257:the original 6247: 6238: 6229: 6204: 6184: 6178: 6169: 6150: 6144: 6135: 6127: 6122: 6095: 6078: 6069: 6060: 6041: 6007: 6001: 5993: 5988: 5969: 5963: 5944: 5926: 5914:. Retrieved 5910:the original 5899: 5879: 5872: 5848: 5844: 5838: 5817: 5808: 5799: 5790: 5781: 5774: 5759: 5747: 5738: 5726: 5702: 5693: 5674: 5655: 5648:Wills (2010) 5643: 5618: 5614: 5608: 5603:Shipp, p.22. 5599: 5587: 5563: 5539: 5530: 5500:(1): 70–81. 5497: 5493: 5483: 5420: 5390:(1): 70–81. 5387: 5383: 5373: 5343: 5331: 5322: 5310: 5305:, p. 6. 5298: 5289: 5275: 5257:Dutch Racism 5256: 5237: 5225:Dalio, Ray. 5221: 5202: 5196: 5176: 5169: 5161: 5156:, edited by 5153: 5134: 5125: 5111: 5105: 5085: 5075: 5055: 5048: 5029: 5023: 5004: 4998: 4979: 4973: 4954: 4948: 4929: 4894:. Retrieved 4881: 4851:Staten Landt 4839:Staten Landt 4838: 4833: 4824: 4815: 4802: 4577: 4550: 4529: 4494: 4485:South Africa 4462: 4448: 4445:South Africa 4420: 4379: 4335:Edgar Davids 4316: 4294:Peter Ouwens 4276: 4243: 4222: 4203: 4192: 4177: 4164: 4109: 4104: 4022: 4002:Stellenbosch 3994:South Africa 3991: 3967: 3956: 3925: 3920:South Africa 3902:Architecture 3850: 3836:, after the 3833: 3825: 3823: 3815:Bloemfontein 3803:Johannesburg 3799:major cities 3796: 3761: 3689:Coney Island 3654: 3611:(U.S.), and 3609:Mohawk Dutch 3605:Jersey Dutch 3586: 3558:Sranan Tongo 3527: 3515: 3509: 3507: 3498:Jersey Dutch 3491: 3479:Sint Maarten 3476: 3457: 3449: 3432: 3405:Voortrekkers 3381: 3342: 3324: 3320: 3312: 3285: 3273: 3223: 3183: 3154:Sint Maarten 3150: 3146:The Antilles 3141: 3127: 3103: 3067: 3058: 3036: 3019:Dutch Guyana 3015:Dutch Ceylon 3000: 2988:Crown Colony 2973: 2969:South Africa 2958: 2923: 2904:. Under the 2899: 2859: 2844: 2832: 2819:Xhosa people 2804: 2792: 2751: 2732: 2700:Henry Hudson 2692:Hudson River 2677: 2665: 2645:Sint Maarten 2605: 2579:Dutch Brazil 2534: 2515: 2496: 2478: 2466:Nagapattinam 2423: 2416: 2405:Dutch Bengal 2393:Dutch Ceylon 2315:Grand Design 2312: 2297: 2279:(especially 2250: 2231:Dutch Brazil 2169: 2146: 2088: 2084: 2077: 2073: 2070:Hugo Grotius 2065: 2055: 2050: 2037: 2015: 2005: 1996: 1972: 1970: 1946: 1944: 1877: 1843: 1821: 1776:Dutch Ceylon 1764:Dutch Brazil 1758:Dutch Bengal 1748:; 1663–1668) 1704:(until 1962) 1694:company rule 1676: 1580: 1575:List of wars 1551:Polder model 1489:World War II 1419:List of wars 1376: 1186:Sint Maarten 1166:Dutch Guiana 1158:World War II 1127: 1123:Bengal Subah 1088: 1076: 1069: 1067:after 1815. 1051:—mainly the 1036: 1034: 988:20th century 987: 986: 967:Jambi (1885) 852:Ambon (1817) 816:19th century 815: 814: 795:India (1781) 754:18th century 753: 752: 743:India (1673) 683:Kombi (1647) 648:Chile (1643) 558:Jambi (1630) 508:Macau (1622) 503:Johor (1613) 463:17th century 462: 446: 226: 189:Coat of arms 131: 116: 107: 97: 90: 83: 76: 64: 52:Please help 47:verification 44: 18:Dutch Empire 9726:Khwarezmian 9659:Carolingian 9464:Rashtrakuta 9168:Shaishunaga 9067:Hellenistic 9050:New Kingdom 9040:Old Kingdom 8741:(1815–1975) 8715:Smeerenburg 8703:Settlements 8693:(1614–1642) 8647:Slave Coast 8539:(1621–1792) 8471:settlements 8429:Banjarmasin 8416:Residencies 8319:Cape Colony 8276:(1602–1798) 7871:. Penguin. 7557:26 December 7530:26 December 7525:PBVSI.or.id 7445:19 November 7059:3 September 6883:16 February 6794:Widmer, Ted 6316:occupied by 5679:Li (李) 2006 4843:Abel Tasman 4431:Vinkensport 4365:. In 1999, 4347:Aron Winter 4327:Ruud Gullit 4262:Philippines 4228:Agriculture 4077:Banda Neira 4057:Bukittinggi 3948:Fort Orange 3876:Arnhem Land 3860:Abel Tasman 3826:New Zealand 3811:Vereeniging 3582:Netherlands 3365:Indo people 3251:its dispute 3095:archipelago 2924:During the 2708:Long Island 2696:Fort Nassau 2684:Fort Orange 2597:West Indies 2545:Stadtholder 2397:Dutch India 2369:metric tons 2336:New Holland 2310:, in 1604. 2214:spice trade 2196:mercenaries 2038:Heeren XVII 1924:Sebastian I 1916:spice trade 1802:(1674–1678) 1796:(1667–1954) 1790:(1665–1795) 1784:(1652–1806) 1778:(1640–1796) 1772:(1638–1710) 1766:(1630–1654) 1760:(1627–1825) 1754:(1625–1680) 1734:(1616–1975) 1722:(1954–2010) 1716:(1612–1872) 1710:(1605–1825) 1708:Dutch India 1536:Tulip mania 1494:Netherlands 1395:Cape Colony 1391:East Indies 1312:Lotharingia 1252:Cananefates 1170:West Indies 1162:East Indies 1103:New Zealand 1009:Bali (1908) 1004:Bali (1906) 927:Bali (1858) 907:Bali (1849) 902:Bali (1848) 897:Bali (1846) 887:Aceh (1831) 842:Java (1811) 543:Cuba (1628) 341:Netherlands 258:East Indies 10404:Categories 10296:Portuguese 10177:Revival Le 10167:Vietnamese 9810:Later Tran 9780:Vietnamese 9676:Singhasari 9664:Holy Roman 9288:Bulgarian 9224:Satavahana 9195:Phoenician 9131:Achaemenid 9092:Indo-Greek 9072:Macedonian 8986:Babylonian 8858:New Guinea 8851:Until 1962 8830:Until 1954 8814:Until 1949 8805:Gold Coast 8798:Until 1872 8782:Until 1853 8763:Coromandel 8751:Until 1825 8642:Senegambia 8632:Gold Coast 8469:Opperhoofd 8334:Coromandel 8204:(in Dutch) 8194:De VOCsite 8191:(in Dutch) 7790:. 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