Dystopia - Knowledge

548: 1635:"The most common way is that there's some magic artificial intelligence in the sky or in the cloud or something that knows how to translate, and what a wonderful thing that this is available for free. But there's another way to look at it, which is the technically true way: You gather a ton of information from real live translators who have translated phrases… It's huge but very much like Facebook, it's selling people back to themselves… you're producing this result that looks magical but in the meantime, the original translators aren't paid for their work… You're actually shrinking the economy." 131: 1602:, a digital pioneer, has become a technological dystopian: "I think it's a way of interpreting technology in which people forgot taking responsibility." "'Oh, it's the computer that did it, not me.' 'There's no more middle class? Oh, it's not me. The computer did it'" This quote explains that people begin to not only blame the technology for the changes in lifestyle but also believe that technology is an omnipotence. It also points to a technological determinist perspective in terms of reification. 511: 719: 32: 653:. The environment is changing. The weather is different. These are things that are very visceral and very obvious, and they make you question the future, and how we will survive. It's so much a part of everyday life that young people inevitably – consciously or not – are questioning their futures and how the Earth will be. I certainly do. I wonder what kind of world my children's kids will live in." 1713: 1206:, a class system is prenatally determined with Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons, with the lower classes having reduced brain function and special conditioning to make them satisfied with their position in life. Outside of this society there also exist several human settlements that exist in the conventional way but which the World Government describes as "savages". 1258:– the workers consigned to living and working in underground tunnels while the wealthy live on a surface made into an enormous beautiful garden. But over a long time period, the roles were eventually reversed – the rich degenerated and became a decadent "livestock" regularly caught and eaten by the underground cannibal Morlocks. 401:"not"). It was used to denounce the government's Irish land policy: "It is, perhaps, too complimentary to call them Utopians, they ought rather to be called dys-topians, or caco-topians. What is commonly called Utopian is something too good to be practicable; but what they appear to favour is too bad to be practicable". 2088: 1241:, the majority of Earth's population on the surface lives in poverty with little access to health care and are subject to worker exploitation and police brutality, while the wealthy live above the Earth in luxury with access to technologies that cure all diseases, reverse aging, and regenerate body parts. 1647:

mentions the remote control being the classic example of technology that does not solve the problem "it is meant to solve". Gleick quotes Edward Tenner, a historian of technology, that the ability and ease of switching channels by the remote control serves to increase distraction for the viewer. Then

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The remote control example explains this claim as well, for the increase in laziness and dissatisfaction levels was clearly not a problem in times without the remote control. He also takes social psychologist Robert Levine's example of Indonesians "'whose main entertainment consists of watching the

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depicts a dystopia in which the centrally controlled economic system has indeed made material abundance plentiful but deprived the mass of humanity of meaningful labor; virtually all work is menial, unsatisfying and only a small number of the small group that achieves education is admitted to the

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1952 Negley & Patrick Quest for Utopia xvii. 298 The Mundus Alter et Idem is...the opposite of eutopia, the ideal society: it is a dystopia, if it is permissible to coin a word. 1962 C. WALSH From Utopia to Nightmare 11 The 'dystopia' or 'inverted utopia'. Ibid. 12 Stories...that

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character is stressed, and the addition of other themes—the dangers of science and technology, of social inequality, of corporate dictatorship, of nuclear war—are also traced. A psychological approach is also favored here, with the principle of fear being identified with despotic forms of rule,

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same few plays and dances, month after month, year after year,' and with Nepalese Sherpas who eat the same meals of potatoes and tea through their entire lives. The Indonesians and Sherpas are perfectly satisfied". Because of the invention of the remote control, it merely created more problems.

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tactics, heavy censoring of information or denial of free thought, worshiping an unattainable goal, the complete loss of individuality, and heavy enforcement of conformity. Despite certain overlaps, dystopian fiction is distinct from post-apocalyptic fiction, and an undesirable society is not

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suggests that the failure of religious prophecies led to a shift in how society apprehends this ancient mode. Christopher Schmidt notes that, while the world goes to waste for future generations, people distract themselves from disaster by passively watching it as entertainment.

1508:" depicts a highly changed global environment which forces people to live underground due to an atmospheric contamination. As Angel Galdon-Rodriguez points out, this sort of isolation caused by external toxic hazard is later used by Hugh Howey in his series of dystopias of the 1500:" shows a society where technology and the desire to create a utopia has led humanity to enforce climate control on the environment, as well as to eliminate many undomesticated species and to provide psychological and pharmaceutical repellent against human instincts. 2224:"An imaginary place or condition in which everything is as bad as possible; opp. UTOPIA (cf. CACOTOPIA). So dystopian n., one who advocates or describes a dystopia; dystopian a., of or pertaining to a dystopia; dystopianism, dystopian quality or characteristics." 611:—the perceived "widespread sense that not only is capitalism the only viable political and economic system, but also that it is now impossible even to imagine a coherent alternative to it"—and used the above quote as the title to the opening chapter of his book, 467:

carried forward from the history of political thought, and group psychology introduced as a means of understanding the relationship between utopia and dystopia. Andrew Norton-Schwartzbard noted that "written many centuries before the concept "dystopia" existed,

1622:, a technological utopian, states in his article that the professional designers "re-mystified" the computer so it wasn't so readable anymore; users had to depend on the special programs built into the software that was incomprehensible for normal users. 996:

with its depiction of Stahlstadt (Steel City), a vast industrial and mining complex, which is totally devoted to the production of ever more powerful and destructive weapons, and which is ruled by the dictatorial and totally ruthless Prof. Schultze – a

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realities and extrapolate worst-case scenarios as warnings for necessary social change or caution. Dystopian fictions invariably reflect the concerns and fears of their creators' contemporaneous culture. Due to this, they can be considered a subject of

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the leaders of the fictional National Institute of Coordinated Experiments, a joint venture of academia and government to promote an anti-traditionalist social agenda, are contemptuous of religion and require initiates to desecrate Christian symbols.

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in fact includes most of the typical characteristics associated with this genre – even if placed in a religious framework rather than in the future of the mundane world, as modern dystopias tend to be". In the same vein, Vicente Angeloti remarked that

1217:, the dystopian society described within has a tiered class structure with the ruling elite "Inner Party" at the top, the "Outer Party" below them functioning as a type of middle-class with minor privileges, and the working-class "Proles" (short for 1102:, where privately owned and unaccountable large corporations have replaced the government in setting policy and making decisions. They manipulate, infiltrate, control, bribe, are contracted by and function as government. This is seen in the novels 210:, published in 1516, which created a blueprint for an ideal society with minimal crime, violence, and poverty. The relationship between utopia and dystopia is in actuality, not one of simple opposition, as many dystopias claim to be utopias and 851:

in principle and result in positive consequences for the inhabitants; the political principles on which fictional dystopias are based, while often based on utopian ideals, result in negative consequences for inhabitants because of at least one

416:, "As a match for utopia (or the imagined seat of the best government) suppose a cacotopia (or the imagined seat of the worst government) discovered and described". Though dystopia became the more popular term, cacotopia finds occasional use; 1083:, there is no want of any kind – only unabashed consumption and hedonism, leading the protagonist to begin looking for a deeper meaning to existence. Even in dystopias where the economic system is not the source of the society's flaws, as in 1014:

The economic structures of dystopian societies in literature and other media have many variations, as the economy often relates directly to the elements that the writer is depicting as the source of the oppression. There are several

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A decrease in communication within family members and friend groups due to increased time in technology use. Virtual space misleadingly heightens the impact of real presence; people resort to technological medium for communication

649:), explains that "young people in particular have such a fascination with this kind of story It's becoming part of the consciousness. You grow up in a world where it's part of the conversation all the time – the statistics of 2458:

Dr. Andrew C. Norton-Schwartzbard, "Foretastes of Modernity in Renaissance Literature and Art" in Catherine Summers (ed.) "Papers Presented to The Fourth Inter-University Symposium on Late Medieval Culture", p.59, p.71

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claims, which view technology as a beneficial addition to all aspects of humanity, technological dystopia concerns itself with and focuses largely (but not always) on the negative effects caused by new technology.

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who dreams of world conquest and as the first step plots the complete destruction of the nearby Ville-France, a utopian model city constructed and maintained with public health as its government's primary concern.

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social norms that discourage or suppress accomplishment or even competence as forms of inequality. Complete conformity and suppression of individuality (to the point of acting in unison) is also depicted in

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The need for business replaced community and the "story online" replaced people as the "soul of the Net". Because information was now able to be bought and sold, there was not as much communication taking

1373:, first published in 1921, people are permitted to live out of public view twice a week for one hour and are only referred to by numbers instead of names. The latter feature also appears in the film 344:

states or societies in an advanced state of collapse. Dystopias, through an exaggerated worst-case scenario, often make a criticism about a current trend, societal norm, or political system.

225:, or other characteristics associated with a cataclysmic decline in society. Themes typical of a dystopian society include: complete control over the people in a society through the usage of 1472:

Fictional dystopias are commonly urban and frequently isolate their characters from all contact with the natural world. Sometimes they require their characters to avoid nature, as when

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Technologies reinforce hierarchies – concentrate knowledge and skills; increase surveillance and erode privacy; widen inequalities of power and wealth; giving up control to machines.

2539: 2070: 1087:, the state often controls the economy; a character, reacting with horror to the suggestion of not being part of the social body, cites as a reason that works for everyone else. 2241:

seemed in their dystopian way to be saying something important. Ibid. ii. 27 A strand of utopianism or dystopianism. 1967 Listener 5 Jan. 22 The modern classics Aldous Huxley's

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can be considered as dystopias. So can other works of Alternative History, in which a historical turning point led to a manifestly repressive world. For example, the 2004

340:, politics, economics, religion, psychology, ethics, science, or technology. Some authors use the term to refer to existing societies, many of which are, or have been, 1496:, the lower class is conditioned to be afraid of nature but also to visit the countryside and consume transport and games to promote economic activity. Lois Lowry's " 692:

continues to the present, with "electronic slave auctions" carried out via the Internet and slaves controlled by electronic devices implanted in their spines, or

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Dystopian fiction frequently draws stark contrasts between the privileges of the ruling class and the dreary existence of the working class. In the 1931 novel

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11 July 96/3 It is a pleasant change to read some hope for our future is trevor ingram ... I fear that our real future is more likely to be dystopian.

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views of the ruling class or a government that is brutal or uncaring, ruling with an "iron fist". Dystopian governments are sometimes ruled by a

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and blockbuster films. Some have commented on this trend, saying that "it is easier to imagine the end of the world than it is to imagine the

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the establishment of the state included lopping off the tops of all crosses (as symbols of Christianity) to make them "T"s (as symbols of

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Penser l'anachronisme comme moteur esthétique de la dystopie théâtrale: quelques considérations sur Bond, Barker, Gabily, et Delbo

2015: 1492:, science coordinated by government is directed toward the control of nature and the elimination of natural human instincts. In 3310: 4095: 2468:

Vicente Angeloti, "Leggere Dante con gli occhi del tardo Novecento", Trimestrale Letterario di Firenze, Estate 1987, pp. 38-56.

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with goods that are dangerous and difficult to obtain or the characters may be at the mercy of the state-controlled economy.

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More efficiency and choices can harm our quality of life (by causing stress, destroying jobs, making us more materialistic).

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Violence is prevalent in many dystopias, often in the form of war, but also in urban crimes led by (predominately teenage)

844:, where the dystopian rulers are brutal and dedicated to the point of fanaticism, which Orwell considered more plausible. 3424: 3383: 2906: 2320: 1994: 783: 96: 2634:

Baker, Stephen; McLaughlin, Greg (1 January 2015). "From Belfast to Bamako: Cinema in the Era of Capitalist Realism".

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the protagonists (identical septuplet sisters) risk their lives by taking turns onto the outside world because of a

2265: 336:(1953). Dystopian societies appear in many sub-genres of fiction and are often used to draw attention to society, 4724: 2934:: An Ambiguous Technological Dystopia," 163 in Eric S. Rabkin, Martin H. Greenberg, and Joseph D. Olander, eds., 958: 2609: 762: 75: 2902: 2800: 740: 463: 53: 3367: 2968:

William Matter, "On Brave New World" 98, in Eric S. Rabkin, Martin H. Greenberg, and Joseph D. Olander, eds.,

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regime or dictator. These dystopian government establishments often have protagonists or groups that lead a "

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In dystopias, religious groups may play the role of oppressed or oppressor. One of the earliest examples is

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as societies imagined as substantially worse than the society in which the author writes. Some of these are

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are dystopias. They describe not a world we should like to live in, but one we must be sure to avoid. 1968

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Heitman, B. (13 April 2011). "The Information: A History, A Theory, A Flood". (Books) (Book review).

2584: 2199: 1221:) at the bottom of the hierarchy with few rights, yet making up the vast majority of the population. 751: 736: 64: 49: 20: 4698: 3893: 2232:(1989 ed.) refers to the 1868 speech by John Stuart Mill quoted above. Other examples given in the 1835: 1800: 1586: 1282:, where children are reproduced artificially, the concepts of "mother" and "father" are considered 970: 277: 3396: 2105: 404:

Decades before the first documented use of the word "dystopia" was "cacotopia"/"kakotopia" (using

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it is only expected that people will become more dissatisfied with the channel they are watching.

1552: 1464:'s essay "Ground Zero", where she explains her experience of the aftermath of 11 September 2001. 1278:, have eradicated the family and kept it from re-establishing itself as a social institution. In 992: 729: 576: 42: 4594: 4493: 4483: 4219: 4033: 3315: 1840: 1684: 1351: 1156: 1047: 940: 916: 822: 596: 522: 405: 394: 386: 378: 222: 154: 147: 2736: 2294: 1896: 4503: 4328: 4323: 4303: 4204: 3657: 3118:

Eric S. Rabkin; Martin H. Greenberg; Joseph D. Olander, eds. (1983). "Avatism and Utopia 4".

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See also Gregory Claeys. "When Does Utopianism Produce Dystopia?" in: Zsolt Czigányik, ed.

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have taken over the world and the only remaining source of dissent is a tiny and persecuted

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Utopian Horizons. Utopia and Ideology – The Interaction of Political and Utopian Thought

2773: 352:"Dustopia", the original spelling of "dystopia", first appeared in Lewis Henry Younge's 4734: 4719: 4644: 4639: 4629: 4569: 4515: 4283: 4273: 4047: 4016: 4003: 3814: 3799: 3756: 3716: 3642: 3593: 3410: 2387: 1301: 1292:, the state is hostile to motherhood, as a pregnant woman from One State is in revolt. 1122: 946: 612: 608: 287: 282: 259: 239: 207: 3211: 3194: 3178: 3161: 776: 89: 4649: 4535: 4453: 4419: 4343: 4313: 4278: 4248: 3993: 3951: 3946: 3876: 3871: 3843: 3809: 3774: 3484: 3216: 3123: 3086: 3065: 3023: 2998: 2973: 2939: 2898: 2849: 2824: 2779: 2742: 2708: 2674: 2647: 2439: 2412: 2391: 2379: 2360:"Cacotopianism, the Paris Commune, and England's Anti-Communist Imaginary, 1870-1900" 2300: 2140: 1929: 1906: 1875: 1845: 1760: 1688: 1570: 1505: 1450: 1404: 1385: 1306: 1229: 642: 459: 292: 273: 254: 3267:

Rushkoff, D. (2002). "Renaissance Now! Media Ecology and the New Global Narrative."

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New technologies can solve problems of old technologies or just create new problems.

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Excessive pollution that destroys nature is common in many dystopian films, such as

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The political principles at the root of fictional utopias (or "perfect worlds") are

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Technologies harm our interpersonal communication, relationships, and communities.

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takes place in a future United States under a Christian-based theocratic regime.

1346: 1323: 1268: 1165: 1020: 910: 864: 619: 600: 555: 473: 417: 312: 249: 3162:"Urban and Natural Spaces in Dystopian Literature Depicted as Opposed Scenarios" 4622: 4601: 4387: 4375: 4243: 4214: 3966: 3804: 3721: 3706: 3464: 3236: 2557:"Flora's Friday Film: What Happened to Monday, 2/9 | Rose Scholars Spring 2018" 2479:"Dystopian stories used to reflect our anxieties. Now they reflect our reality" 1902: 1765: 1692: 1676: 1565: 1485: 1274: 1236: 1175: 1110: 1042: 976: 934: 877: 697: 679: 650: 571: 566: 439: 413: 332: 2897:, ABC-Clio Literary Companion Ser. (Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio Inc., 1995) xii. 2193: 4713: 4683: 4548: 4436: 4392: 4338: 4258: 4228: 4167: 4125: 3908: 3886: 3833: 3673: 3652: 3647: 3499: 3479: 3459: 3379: 3241: 3220: 2643: 2383: 1626:

New technologies are sometimes regressive (worse than previous technologies).

1560: 1541: 1509: 1501: 1461: 1380: 1210: 1203: 1091: 1063: 1038: 964: 840: 835: 693: 646: 588: 479: 317: 307: 2844:" 147, in Eric S. Rabkin, Martin H. Greenberg, and Joseph D. Olander, eds., 2819:" 153, in Eric S. Rabkin, Martin H. Greenberg, and Joseph D. Olander, eds., 2359: 1041:'s short story "The Iron Standard". Another example of this is reflected in 631:) to illustrate what he describes as the "slow cancellation of the future". 4688: 4553: 3926: 3662: 3603: 3548: 3521: 3060:" 94, in Eric S. Rabkin, Martin H. Greenberg, and Joseph D. Olander, eds., 3018:" 70, in Eric S. Rabkin, Martin H. Greenberg, and Joseph D. Olander, eds., 2993:" 95, in Eric S. Rabkin, Martin H. Greenberg, and Joseph D. Olander, eds., 2866: 2483: 1830: 1644: 1599: 1331: 1186: 1116: 1059: 669: 490:

would have been equally appropriate if placed at the entrance to Orwell's "

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Public and parliamentary speeches – Part I – November 1850 – November 1868

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Technologies destroy nature (harming human health and the environment).

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in which 20th Century Britain is ruled by a Catholic theocracy and the

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Ghosts of My Life: Writings on Depression, Hauntology and Lost Futures

2016:"The Fine Line between Utopia and Dystopia | The Prolongation of Work" 1675:

Dystopian themes are in many television shows and video games such as

385:"bad") to "topia", reinterpreting the initial "u" as the prefix "eu" ( 4470: 4233: 4155: 3956: 3856: 3779: 3736: 3686: 3598: 3533: 3474: 3454: 3433: 3199:Ángulo Recto. Revista de estudios sobre la ciudad como espacio plural 3166:Ángulo Recto. Revista de estudios sobre la ciudad como espacio plural 2921:, ed. Raffaella Baccolini and Tom Moylan (New York: Routledge, 2003). 2321:"Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, κα^κός" 2168:"Passagen – Online sedan 1995 – Jämför försäkringar, lån och elavtal" 1969:"Dystopia – Examples and Definition of Dystopia as a Literary Device" 1785: 1742:

by removing items or incorporating them into the text of the article.

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Technologies reflect and encourage the worst aspects of human nature.

1497: 1456: 1161: 1140: 860: 657: 286:(1992), or in the future. Famous examples set in the future included 177: 160: 3615: 718: 31: 4671: 4478: 4162: 4130: 4042: 4037: 3916: 3861: 3751: 3516: 3505: 3370:, predictions about the future and their realisations in real life. 1574: 1375: 1028: 848: 495: 4606: 4370: 4238: 4194: 4189: 4119: 3941: 3931: 3746: 3568: 2270: 1775: 1523: 1311: 1283: 1232:, people are divided into numerous alphabetically ranked groups. 1128: 372: 2293:

Rusen, Jorn; Rüsen, Jörn; Fehr, Michael; Rieger, Thomas (2005).

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Rusen, Jorn; Rüsen, Jörn; Fehr, Michael; Rieger, Thomas (2005).

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that such societies tend to follow. A theme is the dichotomy of

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has often inspired the dystopian identity in modern media works.

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Jane Donawerth, "Genre Blending and the Critical Dystopia", in

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Dystopian political situations are depicted in novels such as

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Capitalist Superheroes: Caped Crusaders in the Neoliberal Age

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In his article "Prest-o! Change-o!", technological dystopian

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