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Ecuador maize varieties

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920: 934: 422:, between 2° North and -6° South. The comparative study of the behavior of these accessions resulted in the identification of racial complexes corresponding to those described earlier by D.H. Timothy and collaborators. A few races, 1015:, Timothy D. H., Hatheway W. H., Grant U. J., Torregrosa M., Varela A. D., Sarria V. D. Nat. Acad. Sci. - Nat. Res. Council, Washington D.C. Publ. N. 975, 1963 957: 1142: 1486: 1354: 554:
The varieties of lowland tropical origin are luxuriant, reaching over 5.5 meters of height, tassel excluded. By comparison,
1342: 278: 1204: 962: 581:
The tassel size varies greatly and is not linked to the environment; the shortest tassel is that of the tropical
1598: 1079: 1750: 65: 1347: 2110: 1398: 1364: 1179: 1137: 1316: 458: 2105: 1481: 187: 1493: 1194: 952: 1359: 1283: 45: 1164: 947: 438:, were not included in the sampled varieties, while a few new races were described, such as 1421: 415: 354: 49: 8: 1403: 1001:
Elementos para la programación agropecuaria del Ecuador. Desarrollo de los cereales: Maíz
85: 73: 69: 1306: 1291: 1072: 864: 559: 61: 81: 1466: 1253: 991:
Historia del reino de Quito 1789. Tomo I, Parte I, Libro 2, $ 7, par. 5: Maíz o sara
870: 358: 201: 109: 108:
Most traditional foods are strictly linked to specific maize kernel types as well as
97: 77: 1954: 462: 80:, provinces located in the mountains. Maize is also found in the coastal provinces, 1939: 1833: 1767: 1334: 1268: 1003:, Aureliano Brandolini, 1963 - American status organization, Rome – Washington D.C. 466: 239: 93: 21: 1593: 800:
Important primitive, derived or imported traditional varieties still cropped are:
2005: 1914: 1603: 1263: 89: 593:
Studies enabled the identification of the following racial complexes and races:
2025: 1863: 1858: 1797: 1573: 1538: 1518: 925: 540: 489: 461:
of Ecuadorian maize was based on the following data; location and environment (
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varieties of possible recent introduction. These varieties apparently have
474: 470: 520:
sections, and from maize imported or derived in historical times from the
2015: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1919: 1909: 1873: 1807: 1792: 1740: 1730: 1523: 1461: 1446: 1385: 1380: 1237: 1232: 1159: 939: 548: 482: 254:
inter-racial hybridization and creation of hybrid races in the highlands,
2080: 1528: 1924: 1802: 1757: 1654: 1471: 1409: 1174: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1102: 967: 478: 383: 277:
The first description of Ecuadorian maize varieties was written by the
205: 1588: 2060: 2055: 2040: 1984: 1868: 1838: 1735: 1684: 1553: 1548: 1329: 1301: 1186: 1117: 1112: 1107: 350: 258: 244: 217: 41: 270: 2045: 1894: 1878: 1853: 1843: 1694: 1623: 1451: 1436: 349:
Kernels of maize varieties eaten in Ecuador are the outcome of the
209: 179: 1638: 418:
collected 458 seed samples of the Ecuadorian varieties within the
2075: 1979: 1904: 1899: 1725: 1689: 1674: 1669: 1613: 1608: 1558: 1324: 1227: 1152: 1147: 1057: 1039:, Brandolini A., G.V. Brandolini, p242, CRF Press, Bergamo, 2005. 419: 369: 113: 37: 2070: 2020: 1974: 1949: 1944: 1934: 1812: 1787: 1782: 1679: 1664: 1659: 1618: 266: 171: 125: 1053:
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center official site
183:- flatbread of maize flour, kneaded and cooked on a hot plate, 2065: 2010: 2000: 1929: 1817: 1777: 1715: 1710: 1633: 1578: 1088: 225: 163: 117: 25: 933: 29:
are the repository of a rich farming and cooking tradition.
1772: 1720: 1568: 1456: 1441: 262: 33: 1027:, Brandolini A., G. Avila, p108, CRF Press, Bergamo, 2004. 265:
size and shelling fitness, taste, and the suitability for
224:
adaptation to the low and middle highlands of the Eastern
504:, sections were separated from the primitive ones of the 1052: 294:(White) - large, long, very soft, used for bread flour, 112:
and cooking techniques. Cooked or toasted grains, and
915: 539:
group from the Andean highlands is not sensitive to
322:- small, medium, yellow, hard, used to brew chicha, 116:of partially ripe grains, are prepared with mostly 585:, the largest, 55 cm, is that of the sierra 316:- white, medium, very soft and sweet, sweet corn, 251:partial introduction of maize from other regions, 2097: 958:International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center 281:chronicler Father Juan de Velasco (1727–1792); 344: 1073: 212:and later the Ecuadorian coast. Since then, 220:of native varieties followed this pattern; 1080: 1066: 578:, have a plant size lower than 2.0 meters. 167:- bread of maize flour, kneaded and baked, 48:. Maize production is concentrated in the 454:, a variety cropped in Bolívar Province. 300:- small, hard, pointed, used for popcorn, 141:- soft maize, at the milk ripeness stage, 1355:International corn production statistics 1037:Recursos fitogenéticos de América Latina 129:- brewed drink of ground maize kernels, 2098: 200:Maize is believed to have crossed the 1061: 235:and extension of the adaptation area, 558:and the flint kernel maize from the 340:- large, flat, dark green, and soft. 191:- toasted maize with or without fat. 1025:Maize evolution and differentiation 963:List of Ecuadorian dishes and foods 306:- medium size, white with red apex, 13: 1087: 14: 2122: 1046: 485:information concerning the crop. 44:, the cold desert highlands 3000 932: 918: 721:(Reddish and semi-flint kernel) 669:formas de reciente introducción 406:- soft maize, known locally as 396:- dark maize, known locally as 1030: 1018: 1006: 994: 985: 353:of varieties of the following 103: 16:Types of corn/maize in Ecuador 1: 1751:List of tortilla-based dishes 978: 671:(recently introduced forms) 531:This study underlined that: 40:, with the exception of the 7: 1399:National Cornbread Festival 1365:Three Sisters (agriculture) 911: 719:Grano colorado y semivítreo 345:Contemporary classification 10: 2127: 551:isolation characteristics. 288:(Yellow) - large and soft, 231:creation of the primitive 195: 153:- boiled maize with beans, 1993: 1887: 1826: 1703: 1647: 1504: 1429: 1420: 1373: 1315: 1282: 1246: 1220: 1095: 1013:Races of maize in Ecuador 328:- black, large, and hard, 96:, part of the Ecuadorian 64:, and to a lesser extent 780:Zea mays amylosaccharata 380:Zea mays amylosaccharata 953:Bolivia maize varieties 543:change, as well as the 175:- maize and meat rolls, 1360:List of popcorn brands 467:photoperiodic response 46:meters above sea level 1165:Quality Protein Maize 948:Binomial nomenclature 822:Maíz harinoso dentado 633:a. formas primitivas 469:included), plant and 414:During 1962 and 1963 36:almost everywhere in 1138:Genetically modified 839:Sabanero ecuadoriano 650:b. formas derivadas 416:Aureliano Brandolini 357:groups described by 1404:Sweet Corn Festival 819:Maíz de los Chillos 816:Maíz cónico dentado 769:Harinoso puntiagudo 481:, and historic and 440:colorado puntiagudo 386:, known locally as 372:, known locally as 204:around 5,000 years 147:- waxy stage maize, 2111:Ecuadorian cuisine 1599:Mămăligă în pături 1307:Maize streak virus 868:(The Coast) & 742:Harinoso 8 hileras 706:Morocho (Sabanero) 682:Zea mays indentata 606:(primitive forms) 120:kernel varieties; 2093: 2092: 2089: 2088: 1254:Corn construction 804:Highlands sierra 790:Zea mays tunicata 735:Zea mays amylacea 695:Zea mays indurata 642:Morocho 8 hileras 629:Zea mays indurata 604:formas primitivas 473:characteristics, 404:Zea mays amylacea 394:Zea mays indurada 359:Alfred Sturtevant 334:- black and soft, 257:selection of the 238:introgression by 202:Isthmus of Panama 2118: 1834:Battered sausage 1768:Pastel de choclo 1704:Breads and cakes 1487:Public relations 1427: 1426: 1395:(1994 sculpture) 1335:Cornstalk fiddle 1082: 1075: 1068: 1059: 1058: 1040: 1034: 1028: 1022: 1016: 1010: 1004: 998: 992: 989: 942: 937: 936: 928: 923: 922: 921: 751:(yellow kernel) 739:a. grano blanco 724:Kcello / Nal Tel 656:Morocho Colorado 618:(derived forms) 616:formas derivadas 560:highlands sierra 477:analysis of the 428:harinoso dentado 2126: 2125: 2121: 2120: 2119: 2117: 2116: 2115: 2106:Maize varieties 2096: 2095: 2094: 2085: 2006:Bourbon whiskey 1989: 1915:Corn on the cob 1883: 1822: 1699: 1643: 1506: 1500: 1416: 1369: 1311: 1278: 1264:Nixtamalization 1242: 1216: 1091: 1086: 1049: 1044: 1043: 1035: 1031: 1023: 1019: 1011: 1007: 999: 995: 990: 986: 981: 938: 931: 924: 919: 917: 914: 766:Harinoso cónico 703:(white kernel) 598:Zea mays everta 510:amylosaccharata 488:The tripsacoid 444:harinoso cónico 420:equatorial zone 366:Zea mays everta 347: 198: 106: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2124: 2114: 2113: 2108: 2091: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2084: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2026:Chicha de jora 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1955:Maíz con hielo 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1882: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1864:Corn schnitzel 1861: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1830: 1828: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1798:Sopa paraguaya 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1754: 1753: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1700: 1698: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1644: 1642: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1574:Ginataang mais 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1539:Corn crab soup 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1519:Binte biluhuta 1516: 1510: 1508: 1505:Soups, stews, 1502: 1501: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1491: 1490: 1489: 1479: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1433: 1431: 1424: 1418: 1417: 1415: 1414: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1388: 1383: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1370: 1368: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1351: 1350: 1345: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1321: 1319: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1288: 1286: 1280: 1279: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1243: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1217: 1215: 1214: 1213: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1189: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1089:Maize and corn 1085: 1084: 1077: 1070: 1062: 1056: 1055: 1048: 1047:External links 1045: 1042: 1041: 1029: 1017: 1005: 993: 983: 982: 980: 977: 976: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 944: 943: 929: 926:Ecuador portal 913: 910: 909: 908: 907: 906: 905: 904: 901: 898: 889: 888: 887: 884: 861: 860: 859: 858: 857: 853:(early maize) 848: 847: 846: 843: 840: 837: 834: 825: 824: 823: 820: 817: 814: 798: 797: 796: 795: 787: 786: 785: 777: 776: 775: 774: 773: 770: 767: 757: 756: 755: 749:grano amarillo 745: 744: 743: 732: 731: 730: 729: 728: 725: 715: 714: 713: 710: 707: 692: 691: 690: 687: 679: 678: 677: 676: 675: 665: 664: 663: 660: 657: 654: 648: 647: 646: 643: 640: 637: 626: 625: 624: 623: 622: 621:Canguil grueso 612: 611: 610: 591: 590: 579: 552: 459:classification 412: 411: 401: 391: 377: 346: 343: 342: 341: 335: 329: 323: 317: 307: 301: 295: 289: 275: 274: 273:brewed drinks. 255: 252: 249: 236: 229: 197: 194: 193: 192: 184: 176: 168: 160: 154: 148: 142: 136: 135:- sweet maize, 130: 105: 102: 24:of Ecuadorian 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2123: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2101: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2036:Colada morada 2034: 2032: 2031:Chicha morada 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1890: 1886: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1763:Makki di roti 1761: 1759: 1756: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1746:Corn tortilla 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1584:Hasty pudding 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1509: 1503: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1482:High-fructose 1480: 1478: 1477:Glucose syrup 1475: 1474: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1412: 1411: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1392:Field of Corn 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1343:United States 1341: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1275: 1274:Popcorn maker 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1259:Maize milling 1257: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1181: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1083: 1078: 1076: 1071: 1069: 1064: 1063: 1060: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1038: 1033: 1026: 1021: 1014: 1009: 1002: 997: 988: 984: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 945: 941: 935: 930: 927: 916: 902: 899: 896: 895: 894:(soft maize) 893: 890: 885: 882: 881: 880:(hard maize) 879: 876: 875: 873: 872: 867: 866: 862: 855: 854: 852: 849: 844: 841: 838: 835: 832: 831: 830:(dark maize) 829: 826: 821: 818: 815: 812: 811: 810:(soft maize) 809: 806: 805: 803: 802: 801: 793: 792: 791: 788: 783: 782: 781: 778: 772:Racimo de uva 771: 768: 765: 764: 763:(red kernel) 762: 758: 753: 752: 750: 746: 741: 740: 738: 737: 736: 733: 726: 723: 722: 720: 716: 711: 708: 705: 704: 702: 698: 697: 696: 693: 688: 685: 684: 683: 680: 673: 672: 670: 666: 661: 658: 655: 652: 651: 649: 644: 641: 639:Enano gigante 638: 635: 634: 632: 631: 630: 627: 620: 619: 617: 613: 608: 607: 605: 601: 600: 599: 596: 595: 594: 588: 584: 580: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 533: 532: 529: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 486: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 455: 453: 450:, as well as 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 409: 405: 402: 399: 395: 392: 389: 385: 381: 378: 375: 371: 367: 364: 363: 362: 360: 356: 355:morphological 352: 339: 336: 333: 332:Negro mediano 330: 327: 324: 321: 318: 315: 311: 308: 305: 302: 299: 296: 293: 290: 287: 284: 283: 282: 280: 272: 271:chicha morada 268: 264: 261:composition, 260: 256: 253: 250: 247: 246: 241: 240:hybridization 237: 234: 230: 227: 223: 222: 221: 219: 215: 214:domestication 211: 207: 203: 190: 189: 185: 182: 181: 177: 174: 173: 169: 166: 165: 161: 158: 155: 152: 149: 146: 143: 140: 137: 134: 131: 128: 127: 123: 122: 121: 119: 115: 111: 101: 99: 95: 92:, as well as 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 39: 35: 30: 28: 27: 23: 2051:Corn whiskey 1849:Corn fritter 1827:Fried dishes 1629:Suam na mais 1564:Creamed corn 1544:Corn pudding 1534:Corn chowder 1507:and porridge 1494:High-maltose 1467:Steep liquor 1422:Maize dishes 1408: 1390: 1297:Corn allergy 1199: 1036: 1032: 1024: 1020: 1012: 1008: 1000: 996: 987: 973:Ternary name 891: 877: 869: 863: 850: 827: 807: 799: 789: 779: 760: 748: 734: 718: 701:grano blanco 700: 694: 681: 668: 628: 615: 603: 597: 592: 586: 582: 575: 571: 567: 563: 555: 549:gametophytic 544: 536: 530: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 487: 483:ethnographic 456: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 413: 407: 403: 398:maíz morocho 397: 393: 387: 379: 373: 365: 348: 337: 331: 326:Negro grueso 325: 319: 313: 309: 303: 297: 291: 285: 276: 243: 199: 186: 178: 170: 162: 156: 150: 144: 138: 132: 124: 107: 31: 20: 18: 2016:Champurrado 1965:Maque choux 1940:Huitlacoche 1920:Corn relish 1910:Corn flakes 1888:Other foods 1874:Milho frito 1741:Corn cookie 1731:Chipa guasu 1447:Mielie-meal 1430:Ingredients 1386:Corn School 1381:Corn Palace 1339:By country 1269:Wet-milling 940:Food portal 892:Maíz blando 874:(The East) 851:Maíz precoz 541:photoperiod 479:chromosomes 475:cytological 139:Maíz tierno 104:Use as food 2100:Categories 1925:Corn sauce 1803:Spoonbread 1758:Johnnycake 1317:Production 1292:BBCH-scale 1247:Processing 1191:By origin 1103:Amylomaize 979:References 968:Subspecies 871:El Oriente 808:Maíz suave 761:grano rojo 528:sections. 448:huaco sara 408:maíz suave 384:sweet corn 159:- popcorn, 86:Esmeraldas 74:Tungurahua 70:Chimborazo 2061:Pinolillo 2056:Mazamorra 2041:Corn beer 1994:Beverages 1985:Succotash 1960:Maja maíz 1869:Hushpuppy 1839:Corn chip 1736:Cornbread 1685:Nacatamal 1554:Corn stew 1549:Corn soup 1330:Corn crib 1302:Corn smut 1284:Pathology 1180:Varieties 1096:Varieties 883:Chococeño 878:Maíz duro 813:Huandango 689:Sintético 556:Canguiles 537:Canguiles 498:indentata 374:canguiles 351:evolution 259:endosperm 245:Tripsacum 218:evolution 208:reaching 180:Tortillas 62:Pichincha 50:provinces 42:Altiplano 32:Maize is 22:varieties 2081:Tesgüino 2046:Corn tea 1895:Alivenci 1879:Sorullos 1854:Corn nut 1844:Corn dog 1695:Pasteles 1624:Sagamite 1594:Mămăligă 1529:Cocoloși 1437:Cornmeal 1348:Tanzania 912:See also 865:La Costa 836:Morochón 709:Perlilla 662:Yungueño 653:Andanqui 572:Perlilla 526:indurata 522:amylacea 518:tunicata 514:indurata 506:amilacea 502:indurata 463:altitude 452:tunicata 338:Tumbaque 304:Carapali 286:Amarillo 279:colonial 210:Colombia 157:Canguil 145:Maíz cao 114:puddings 110:grinding 78:Imbabura 2076:Tejuino 1980:Popcorn 1905:Conkies 1900:Binatog 1859:Cornick 1726:Cachapa 1690:Pamonha 1675:Hallaca 1670:Guanime 1648:Tamales 1614:Polenta 1609:Pashofa 1589:Kačamak 1559:Cou-cou 1374:Culture 1325:Biofuel 1200:Ecuador 1195:Bolivia 1170:Shoepeg 1153:MON 863 1148:MON 810 903:Tuxpeño 900:Gallina 897:Candela 842:Tusilla 833:Montaña 828:Morocho 784:Chullpi 727:Patillo 712:Tusilla 686:Dentado 636:Clavito 609:Canguil 583:Dentado 576:Tusilla 568:Patillo 564:Morocho 436:candela 432:montaña 424:morocho 388:chullpi 370:popcorn 320:Morocho 314:Chullpi 298:Canguil 196:History 188:Tostado 133:Chullpi 94:Pastaza 66:Bolívar 38:Ecuador 34:cropped 2071:Tejate 2021:Chicha 1975:Pinole 1950:Kuymak 1945:Kenkey 1935:Hominy 1813:Totopo 1788:Sloosh 1783:Pupusa 1680:Humita 1665:Binaki 1660:Tamale 1619:Pozole 1462:Starch 1413:(film) 1238:Stover 1233:Kernel 1160:Purple 886:Cubano 856:Kcello 845:Uchima 754:Mishca 674:Cubano 659:Uchima 587:Uchima 574:, and 516:, and 500:, and 494:everta 446:, and 434:, and 310:Chulpi 292:Blanco 267:chicha 263:kernel 126:Chicha 118:floury 98:Amazon 90:Guayas 88:, and 82:Manabí 76:, and 60:, and 2066:Pozol 2011:Cauim 2001:Atole 1930:Gofio 1818:Wotou 1778:Proja 1716:Bollo 1711:Arepa 1655:Acaçá 1639:Xarém 1634:Ugali 1579:Grits 1514:Banku 1472:Syrup 1221:Parts 1205:Italy 1175:Sweet 1133:Flour 1128:Flint 1123:Field 794:Huaco 490:races 242:with 233:races 226:Andes 172:Tamal 58:Azuay 26:maize 1970:Mote 1808:Talo 1793:Sope 1773:Piki 1721:Broa 1604:Mush 1569:Fufu 1524:Bulz 1457:Samp 1442:Masa 1210:Peru 1187:Waxy 1143:List 1118:Dent 1113:Blue 1108:Baby 645:Pira 545:Lima 535:The 524:and 465:and 457:The 269:and 216:and 151:Mote 54:Loja 19:The 1452:Oil 1410:Zea 1228:Cob 759:c. 747:b. 717:b. 699:a. 667:c. 614:b. 602:a. 492:of 471:ear 312:or 206:BCE 164:Pan 52:of 2102:: 570:, 566:, 562:, 512:, 508:, 496:, 442:, 430:, 426:, 382:- 368:- 361:; 100:. 84:, 72:, 68:, 56:, 1081:e 1074:t 1067:v 589:. 410:. 400:, 390:, 376:, 248:, 228:,

Index

varieties
maize
cropped
Ecuador
Altiplano
meters above sea level
provinces
Loja
Azuay
Pichincha
Bolívar
Chimborazo
Tungurahua
Imbabura
Manabí
Esmeraldas
Guayas
Pastaza
Amazon
grinding
puddings
floury
Chicha
Pan
Tamal
Tortillas
Tostado
Isthmus of Panama
BCE
Colombia

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