181:
114:, the book relates the story of Eduard and Charlotte, an aristocratic couple enjoying an idyllic but somewhat mundane life on a secluded estate; although it is the second marriage for both, their relationship deteriorates after they invite Eduard's friend Captain Otto and Charlotte's orphaned niece, Ottilie, to live with them in their mansion. The invitation to Ottilie and the Captain is described as an "experiment", as it indeed is. The house and its surrounding gardens are described as "a chemical retort in which the human elements are brought together for the reader to observe the resulting reaction." As if in a chemical reaction, each of the spouses experiences a strong new attraction, which is reciprocated: Charlotte, who represents reason, to the sensible and energetic Captain Otto; the impulsive and passionate Eduard to the adolescent and charming Ottilie. The conflict between passion and reason leads to chaos and ultimately to a tragic end.
288:(double elective affinity), between a married couple Eduard and Charlotte (BA), at the end of their first year of marriage (for each their second marriage), and their two good friends the Captain and Ottilie (CD), respectively. The first marriages, for both Eduard and Charlotte, are described as having been marriages of financial convenience, essentially arranged marriages. Specifically, when they were younger, Eduard was married off to a rich older woman through the workings and insatiable greed of his father; Charlotte, likewise, when her prospects were none the best, was compelled or obliged to marry a wealthy man, whom she did not love.
34:
399:, 1809), has aroused a storm of interpretive confusion. Readers fiercely debate the role of the chemical theory of elective affinities presented in the novel. Some argue that it suggests a philosophy of nature that is rooted in fate. Others maintain that it is about free choice. Others believe that the chemical theory is merely a structural device that allows the author to foreshadow events in the novel and bears no relevance to the greater issues of the novel.
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his mistress. On the bank of a lake created by the architect, he meets
Ottilie with the child; they hug each other and experience direct, physical passion for the first time. Feeling assured of a divorce from Charlotte, Eduard presents his plans to his beloved; Ottilie leaves the decision to Charlotte. Wanting to row home across the lake and excited by having met Eduard again, she lets the child slip into the water and drown as she climbs onto the boat.
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moves away. Left behind, the two women try to carry on with their usual lives, hiring a young architect to continue the landscaping duties. In Eduard's absence, Charlotte finds out that she is pregnant and hopes that Eduard will now return to her, but he is disturbed by the news and resumes his military career. Ottilie, feeling hopeless because of
Charlotte's pregnancy, becomes more withdrawn.
420:
thinking (which he locates in the medium of Goethe's prose) in favour of the possibility of an as yet unencountered (and, in principle, unimaginable) "freedom". Typically, Benjamin locates this experience in art, which is, according to him, alone able, through mediation, to transcend the powers of myth.
419:
as "absolutely incomparable". It is renowned as an exemplary instance of
Benjamin subjecting his literary subject matter to a process of intensive dialectical mediation. In the essay, which attacks Goethe's prose style and intentions, Benjamin argues for the possibility of the transcendence of mythic
227:
Charlotte, blaming her own hesitation for the accident, finally agrees to a divorce but does not give a definite answer to the major. With the death of the child, Eduard sees the last obstacle to a connection with
Ottilie removed, but Ottilie is wracked by guilt and wants to renounce her love. After
199:
Charlotte, hoping for a return to the status quo ante, asks Eduard to make
Ottilie leave; Eduard, however, had anticipated the possibility of a divorce from Charlotte, thinking that she had formed a bond with the captain. Captain Otto leaves the house, and in order to delay giving up Ottilie, Eduard
223:
After a year's absence, Eduard returns from the war with medals and honours. He invites the captain, now promoted to major, to his house and tries to facilitate a divorce from
Charlotte so that she can live with Major Otto and their child on the estate, while Eduard himself can go on a journey with
176:
After the deaths of their respective first spouses, Eduard and his childhood sweetheart, Charlotte, were able to marry. The aristocratic couple lives secluded on Eduard's estate, where Eduard indulges his hobby of landscaping the grounds. The relationship between the two is more of familiarity than
291:
In the fourth chapter, the characters detail the world's first ever verbally-depicted human double displacement chemical reaction. The chapter begins with description of the affinity map (reaction map) or 'topographical chart' as Goethe calls it. On this reaction map, we are told that on it 'the
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The captain's considerable knowledge and drive motivates a range of improvements to the estate, especially the landscape architecture; Charlotte supports him in this. The young
Ottilie is shy, taciturn, empathetic and peaceful, and Charlotte instructs her in household management, a task she soon
196:
takes over completely. Gradually, Eduard and
Ottilie feel more and more drawn to each other, as do Charlotte and Captain Otto as well. Charlotte and Otto confess their love for each other, but Charlotte asks him to renounce such feelings. Eduard, however, cannot control his lust for Ottilie.
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of passion. The contemplative togetherness is interrupted when â after
Charlotte's initial misgivings â two guests are brought into the household: Eduard's friend, Captain Otto, who is in straitened circumstances, and Charlotte's niece, Ottilie, bereft of both parents and money.
228:
Eduard manoeuvres her into another meeting, she realizes that their mutual attraction is insurmountable. She stops speaking and eating and dies; Eduard, too, loses his will to live and also dies. Charlotte buries him beside his lover in the chapel that
Ottilie had painted.
671:(Heineman, 1925) Elsie Lawless drolly and accurately comments (in relation to the attractions for Walter and Bernard to women other than their wives) âQuite a case of âelective affinitiesâ, isnât it?â The scene occurs in 1901 just after the Coronation of King Edward VII.
212:, and Charlotte gives birth to a son, who strongly resembles Otto and, of course, her niece Ottilie â the result, we are told, of the double âspiritual adulteryâ from which the child arose. Ottilie takes on the child care duties. At this point, Goethe interposes a
518:, albeit with a twist. The play takes place in modern times and 1809, Goethe's time; characters are replaced subtly, e.g. 'The Captain' becomes 'The Naval Captain'; and the chemical affinity becomes updated in the play with discussion on the
180:
341:'Now then!' Eduard interposed: 'until we see all this with our own eyes, let us look on this formula as a metaphor from which we may extract a lesson we can apply immediately to ourselves. You, Charlotte, represent the
292:
features of the estate and its surroundings were clearly depicted, on quite a large scale, in pen and in different colors, to which the Captain had give a firm basis by taking trigonometrical measurements'.
258:, the phrase "elective affinities" or chemical affinities was used to describe compounds that only interacted with each other under select circumstances. Goethe used this as an organizing metaphor for
361:
is quite obviously the Captain, who for the moment is to some extent drawing me away from you. Now it is only fair that, if you are not to vanish into the limitless air, you must be provided with a
269:
whose amorous affairs and relationships were pre-determined via chemical affinities similar to the pairings of alchemical species. Goethe outlined the view that passion, marriage, conflict, and
636:, one of the two male characters, Jim, who is visiting his friend Jules, is lent the book, but Jules' wife, Catherine, suddenly asks him to return it. She then becomes Jim's lover.
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are regulated no differently from the lives of chemical species. Opinions over the years have been split as to whether Goethe's theory was used in metaphor.
841:
On possible issues associated with the chemical analogy, see: (a) Robert T. Clark Jr, (1954). "The Metamorphosis of Character in Die Wahlverwandtschaften",
815:(1975), also examined the role of the "mediator" by which two substances are made "sociable"; we may recall here the importance of the mediator in Goethe's
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1072:
433:
588:. Weber had read the works of Goethe at the age of 14; he used Goethe's conception of human "elective affinities" to formulate a large part of
2001:
1870:
533:
Robin Gordon's 1995 short story "Leaves in the Wind" adapts the story to modern England, with Edward and Charlotte as an academic couple.
208:
The beautification work now extends to the village cemetery and the associated church. Ottilie helps the architect with the painting of a
526:, and other subjects; albeit the play still holds to the idea that the characters are reactive entities, discussing ideas such as the "
643:, the book is discussed as being placed with other novels in the doctors' common room of a Sri Lankan hospital, but remaining unread.
2011:
1996:
1743:
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331:, without our being able to say which first deserted its partner, which first embraced the other's partner.' This is shown below:
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153:, as well as other human social relations. Voluntary renunciation also comes into play, a theme that recurs in his fourth novel,
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299:'provided it does not seem pedantic,' the Captain said, 'I think I can briefly sum up in the language of signs. Imagine an
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125:. The term âelective affinitiesâ was originally a scientific term from chemistry, once widely used by scientists such as
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247:: "people who love each other mix like water and wine; people who hate each other segregate like water and oil."
2006:
1943:
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Adler, Jeremy. (1990). "Goethe's Use of Chemical Theory in his Elective Affinities" (ch. 18, pgs. 263-79) in
572:, who offered a way to describe the development of capitalism that distinguished itself from the theories of
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137:, at first to describe exothermic chemical reactions and later to refer to chemical reactions in which one
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would displace another. Goethe applied this understanding from physical chemistry as a metaphor for human
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The novel, often described as Goethe's best and at the same time his most enigmatic, combines elements of
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is unquestionably the charming little lady Ottilie, whose approaching presence you may no longer resist.'
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832:("An almost Magical Attraction". Goethe's Elective Affinity and the Chemistry of its Time), Munich.
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is one of the two books which the central character Oskar uses for guidance, along with a book on
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830:"Eine fast magische Anziehungskraft". Goethe's "Wahlverwandtschafte" und die Chemie seiner Zeit
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781:
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819:(Engl. trans. Greenwood, 1976). For what concerns chemistry, Goethe was not far from Newton."
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or links between ideas rather than purely in terms of economic material, most notably in the
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149:, and examined whether the laws of chemistry somehow undermine or uphold the institution of
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740:, edited by Andrew Cunningham and Nicholas Jardine, New York: Cambridge University Press.
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1013:"Elective affinities of the Protestant ethic: Weber and the chemistry of capitalism."
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is loosely based on Goethe's novel and transposes the story to modern-day Germany.
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881:: Reflections on the Eduard-Ottilie Relations in Goethe's Wahlverwandtschaften",
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446:, in the grip of clinical manic depression and anxiety over his incomplete opus
1962:
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1029:"Max Weber's Elective Affinities: Sociology within the Bounds of Pure Reason"
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Deutsche Viedrteljahrsschrift fur Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte
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274:
452:, and while purportedly under the influence of his girlfriend, screenwriter
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or chemical processes since the aphorism of the classical Greek philosopher
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Deutsche Viertejahrsschrift fur Literaturwissenschaft and Geistesgeschichte
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wrote an essay entitled "Goethe's Elective Affinities". Published in
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are all subject to the laws of chemistry and in which the lives of
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is supposed to be the first work to model human relationships as
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The term "elective affinities" is based on the older notion of
209:
111:
349:; for in fact I do depend altogether on you and follow you as
851:, (1972). "The 'Idea' of Goethe's Die Wahlverwandtschaften",
751:
Translation, Introduction, and Notes to Oxford World Classics
1077:
Cornell University Library Historical Monographs Collection.
773:
527:
415:, written around 1920-21, was described by Austrian critic
391:
From the time of its publication to today, Goethe's novel,
262:, and for the conflict between responsibility and passion.
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Legenden. Zur Mythologie von Goethe's Wahlverwandtschaften
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in terms of a number of social, cultural, and historical
138:
456:, proposed making a "ten-hour film version of Goethe's
145:
supposedly being governed or regulated by such laws of
307:, so that no force is able to sunder them; imagine a
160:
Wilhelm Meister's Journeyman Years, or the Renunciants
19:
This article is about the novel. For other uses, see
602:
in 1924. It is one of his important early essays on
777:
Order Out of Chaos â Man's New Dialogue with Nature
562:
480:. A description by Gordon Burgess can be found in
155:Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre, oder Die Entsagenden
1123:
110:, published in 1809. Situated around the city of
1983:
1170:
1864:
1156:
908:Goethe's Elective Affinities and the Critics
774:Prigogine, Ilya; Stengers, Isabelle (1984).
723:. Abstract from the article that appears in
385:Goethe's Elective Affinities and the Critics
295:Next, to explain the reaction, we are told:
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1005:
536:In 1996, a film version was made, entitled
373:
1871:
1857:
1163:
1149:
883:Publications of the English Goethe Society
873:Publications of the English Goethe Society
743:
530:" of interactions between the characters.
315:; now bring the two couples into contact:
32:
1002:
179:
16:1809 novel by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
1984:
1508:The Green Snake and the Beautiful Lily
1852:
1144:
265:In the book, people are described as
77:J. G. Cottaische Buchhandlung, Berlin
2002:Novels by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
730:
21:Elective Affinities (disambiguation)
1242:Gesang der Geister ĂŒber den Wassern
959:, New York: Touchstone, imprint of
378:
102:), also translated under the title
38:The title page of the first edition
13:
1534:Wilhelm Meister's Journeyman Years
887:(f) Waltraud Wietholter, (1973). "
813:The Foundation of Newton's Alchemy
568:The late 19th century sociologist
14:
2023:
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688:Oxford University Press. (2006).
2012:German novels adapted into plays
1997:German novels adapted into films
1525:Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship
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1127:"Elective Affinities, The"
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563:References in culture and theory
1761:Goethe Society of North America
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861:: Explanation and its Limits",
905:Tantillo, Astrida, O. (2001).
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254:. In early nineteenth century
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1033:American Journal of Sociology
1027:Herbert, Richard, H. (1978).
1018:, vol 28, no. 1, pp. 108-126.
877:(e) F. J. Stopp, (1959â60). "
675:
639:In Michael Ondaatje's novel,
613:executed a painting entitled
428:A 1974 East German film with
1776:Goethe in the Roman Campagna
1516:The Sorrows of Young Werther
757:). Oxford University Press.
749:Constantine, David. (1994).
738:Romanticism and the Sciences
520:second law of thermodynamics
514:, is a modern-day remake of
286:double displacement reaction
280:In the novella, the central
191:Ottilie with Charlotte's son
187:'s illustration of Goethe's
7:
1295:Nur wer die Sehnsucht kennt
1114:public domain audiobook at
1095:public domain audiobook at
1061:â The Literary Encyclopedia
857:(c) H. B. Nisbet, (1969). "
404:Walter Benjamin's essay on
10:
2028:
1886:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
1659:Catharina Elisabeth Goethe
1172:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
1124:William G. Howard (1920).
922:"Die Wahlverwandtschaften"
667:In Maurice Baringâs novel
544:Paolo and Vittorio Taviani
108:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
48:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
18:
1954:
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1318:The Sorcerer's Apprentice
1205:
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956:Easy Riders, Raging Bulls
875:, new series, 15, 71â95;
867:(d) E. L Stahl, (1945). "
753:(translation of Goethe's
712:Smith, Peter, D. (2001).
303:intimately united with a
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81:
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43:
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1798:(1939 Thomas Mann novel)
1735:GoetheâSchiller Monument
1727:Goethe Monument (Berlin)
1713:Goethe House (Frankfurt)
1452:The Magic Flute Part Two
1228:Die erste Walpurgisnacht
1065:Die Wahlverwandtschaften
869:Die Wahlverwandtschaften
859:Die Wahlverwandtschaften
780:. Bantam Books. p.
576:, described the rise of
510:, by British playwright
393:Die Wahlverwandtschaften
374:Noted critical reactions
106:, is the third novel by
100:Die Wahlverwandtschaften
58:Die Wahlverwandtschaften
1917:The Elective Affinities
1603:Metamorphosis of Plants
828:Adler, Jeremy. (1987).
539:The Elective Affinities
482:German life and letters
406:The Elective Affinities
345:, and I represent your
166:
1133:Encyclopedia Americana
1011:McKinnon, A.M. (2010)
990:Deutsches Filminstitut
963:, 1998, 1999, p. 373.
932:Deutsches Filminstitut
600:Neue Deutsche BeitrÀge
417:Hugo von Hoffmannsthal
401:
311:likewise related to a
284:that takes place is a
192:
2007:Novels set in Germany
1837:Pied Piper of Hamelin
1697:Goethe House (Weimar)
1554:Dichtung und Wahrheit
1434:Götz von Berlichingen
885:, new series, 52â85;
804:According to Belgian
586:Protestant Work Ethic
389:
319:will throw itself at
183:
1970:The Nemesis of Faith
1828:Young Goethe in Love
1786:Goethe at the Window
1747:Monument (Milwaukee)
1632:GesprÀche mit Goethe
1462:The Natural Daughter
1340:Westâöstlicher Divan
1332:Wanderer's Nightsong
1325:Welcome and Farewell
1273:Hermann and Dorothea
1111:Wahlverwandtschaften
961:Simon & Schuster
497:is loosely based on
476:adapts the story to
444:Francis Ford Coppola
189:Elective Affinities:
185:Wilhelm von Kaulbach
27:Elective Affinities
1944:Elective Affinities
1901:Elective Affinities
1881:Elective Affinities
1720:Goethe-Gesellschaft
1500:Elective Affinities
1455:(libretto fragment)
1443:Iphigenia in Tauris
1257:Harzreise im Winter
1196:Cultural depictions
1092:Elective Affinities
1074:Elective Affinities
1058:Elective Affinities
1050:Elective Affinities
1016:Sociological Theory
982:"Mitte Ende August"
853:The Germanic Review
843:The Germanic Review
817:Elective Affinities
755:Elective Affinities
714:Elective Affinities
701:Elective Affinities
658:Elective Affinities
616:Elective Affinities
582:elective affinities
516:Elective Affinities
499:Elective Affinities
458:Elective Affinities
397:Elective Affinities
252:chemical affinities
237:Elective Affinities
95:Elective Affinities
54:Original title
28:
1992:1809 German novels
1925:Sometime in August
1281:Der König in Thule
719:2006-06-15 at the
695:2004-12-23 at the
604:German Romanticism
557:Sebastian Schipper
552:Sometime in August
241:chemical reactions
218:framing main story
193:
26:
1979:
1978:
1846:
1845:
1788:(1786/7 painting)
1674:Weimar Classicism
1651:Christine Vulpius
1612:Theory of Colours
1369:Der BĂŒrgergeneral
879:Einwahrer narziss
806:chemical engineer
628:François Truffaut
473:The Newton Letter
383:In her 2001 book
336:AB + CD â AD + BC
282:chemical reaction
147:chemical affinity
135:Antoine Lavoisier
119:Weimar Classicism
104:Kindred by Choice
91:
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67:German (original)
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1545:Autobiographical
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267:chemical species
83:Publication date
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1947:(1933 painting)
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1806:Lotte in Weimar
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1796:Lotte in Weimar
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1778:(1787 painting)
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1745:GoetheâSchiller
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1704:National Museum
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911:. Camden House.
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1184:Bibliography
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993:. Retrieved
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131:Isaac Newton
127:Robert Boyle
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57:
1830:(2010 film)
1808:(1975 film)
1119:(in German)
1068:(in German)
690:Book Review
424:Adaptations
365:, and this
216:within the
210:side chapel
123:Romanticism
1986:Categories
1768:Goetheanum
1302:Prometheus
1214:Epiphanias
995:2015-06-16
937:2015-07-04
676:References
578:capitalism
493:(1986) by
245:Empedocles
1583:PropylÀen
626:director
609:In 1933,
590:sociology
574:Karl Marx
570:Max Weber
487:The film
271:free will
256:chemistry
98:(German:
74:Publisher
1737:(Weimar)
1661:(mother)
1574:Journals
1405:Faust II
1221:Erlkönig
1116:LibriVox
1097:LibriVox
717:Archived
693:Archived
662:Rasputin
436:for the
260:marriage
151:marriage
143:passions
64:Language
1963:Arcadia
1955:Related
1820:(novel)
1643:Related
1396:Faust I
1378:Clavigo
1235:Ganymed
507:Arcadia
478:Ireland
357:. The
214:novella
1928:(2009)
1920:(1996)
1912:(1986)
1904:(1974)
1653:(wife)
1471:Stella
1416:Egmont
1349:Xenien
967:
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232:Theory
204:Part 2
172:Part 1
112:Weimar
44:Author
1909:Tarot
1491:Prose
1387:Faust
1360:Plays
1206:Poems
490:Tarot
460:, in
1893:Film
965:ISBN
847:(b)
786:ISBN
759:ISBN
528:heat
438:DEFA
167:Plot
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