460:. With Goethe's move to Weimar, his works steadily matured, aligning more with an aesthetic ideal that approached the content and form of classical antiquity. Pursuing this ideal geographically as well, Goethe traveled to Italy in 1786. In Italy, Goethe aimed to rediscover himself as a writer and to become an artist, through formal training in Rome, Europe's 'school of art'. While he failed as an artist, Italy appeared to have made him a better writer. Immediately after his return in the spring of 1788, he freed himself from his previous duties and met Schiller in Rudolstadt in September. This encounter was rather disillusioning for both: Goethe considered Schiller a hothead of the
491:
worked quite in the subjective way, deemed his own fashion the right one, and to defend himself against me, wrote the treatise upon 'Naïve and
Sentimental Poetry.' He proved to me that I myself, against my will, was romantic, and that my 'Iphigenia,' through the predominance of sentiment, was by no means so classical and so much in the antique spirit as some people supposed. The Schlegels took up this idea, and carried it further, so that it has now been diffused over the whole world; and every one talks about classicism and romanticism—of which nobody thought fifty years ago.
383:
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355:(1714–62) defined "aesthetics", which he coined earlier in 1735, with its current intention as the "science" of the "lower faculties" (i.e., feeling, sensation, imagination, memory, et al.), which earlier figures of the Enlightenment had neglected. (The term, however, gave way to misunderstandings due to Baumgarten's use of the
476:
the continuity of these objections partly elucidates the nature of Goethe's ideas in art and how they intermingled with his scientific thinking as well, inasmuch as it gives coherence to Goethe's work. Weimar
Classicism may be seen as an attempt to reconcile—in "binary synthesis"—the vivid feeling emphasized by the
475:
was in opposition to Weimar and German
Classicism, especially to Schiller. It is in this way both may be best understood, even to the degree in which Goethe continuously and stringently criticized it through much of his essays, such as "On Dilettantism", on art and literature. After Schiller's death,
490:
The idea of the distinction between classical and romantic poetry , which is now spread over the whole world, and occasions so many quarrels and divisions, came originally from
Schiller and myself. I laid down the maxim of objective treatment of poetry, and would allow no other; but Schiller, who
359:
in accordance with the German renditions, and consequently this has often led many to falsely undervalue his accomplishment.) It was no inquiry into taste—into positive or negative appeals—nor sensations as such but rather a way of knowledge. Baumgarten's emphasis on the need for such "sensuous"
467:
Schiller's evolution as a writer was following a similar path to Goethe's. He had begun as a writer of wild, violent, emotion-driven plays. In the late 1780s he turned to a more classical style. In 1794, Schiller and Goethe became friends and allies in a project to establish new standards for
571:: the aesthetic form, in which the import of the work is stratified, that emerges from the regulation of forms (these being rhetorical, grammatical, intellectual, and so on) abstracted from the world or created by the artist, with sense relationships prevailing within the employed medium.
623:, where playful and turbulent ironies abound, may perceivably lend Weimar Classicism the double, ironic title "Weimar Romanticism", it must nevertheless be understood that Goethe consistently demanded this distance via irony to be imbued within a work for precipitate aesthetic affect.
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to their cause. This alliance later became known as 'Weimar
Classicism', and it came to form a part of the foundation of 19th-century Germany's understanding of itself as a culture and the political
210:
409:, to her court; the troupe stayed at Anna Amalia's court until 1774. The Seyler Theatre Company was considered "the best theatre company that existed in Germany during that time " and pioneered the
903:
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Between 1786 and
Schiller's death in 1805, he and Goethe worked to recruit a network of writers, philosophers, scholars, artists and even representatives of the natural sciences such as
750:
5639:
1543:
Daum, Andreas W., "Social
Relations, Shared Practices, and Emotions: Alexander von Humboldt’s Excursion into Literary Classicism and the Challenges to Science around 1800", in
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553:: the inexpressible "felt-thought", or "import", which is alive in the artist and the percipient that he or she finds means to express within the aesthetic form, hence
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347:'s epochal "critical" philosophy. Another, though not as abstract, approach to this problem was a governing concern with the problems of aesthetics. In his
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1371:"Social Relations, Shared Practices, and Emotions: Alexander von Humboldt's Excursion into Literary Classicism and the Challenges to Science around 1800"
516:
1335:
148:. Amongst the audience are Herder (second person seated at the far left), Wieland (center, seated with cap) and Goethe (in front of the pillar, right).
941:
830:
1619:—, "Die ästhetische Gegenwärtigkeit des Vergangenen: Goethes 'Maximen und Reflexionen' über Geschichte und Gesellschaft, Erkenntnis und Erziehung",
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movement (itself named for a play written for the company) as well as serious German theatre and opera. The following year she invited
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Die Ironie im Späwerk
Goethes: "Diese sehr ernsten Scherze": Studien zum West-östlichen Divan, zu den Wanderjahren und zu Faust II
597:
of the art-symbol that it cannot be abstracted except at the cost of destroying the aesthetic relations established by the artist.
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329:(1679–1754). This philosophy, circulated widely in many magazines and journals, profoundly directed the subsequent expansion of
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Stephenson, R. H., "The
Cultural Theory of Weimar Classicism in the light of Coleridge's Doctrine of Aesthetic Knowledge", in
61:
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577:: Schiller and Goethe reserve this (almost solely) for the forms taken from the world or that are created. In a work of art,
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movement with the clear thought emphasized by the
Enlightenment, thus implying Weimar Classicism is intrinsically un-
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The inability of this common-sense outlook convincingly to bridge "feeling" and "thought", "body" and "mind", led to
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593:(i.e., also the medium through which the artist creates) needs to be in such a complete state of unicity with the
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2010:
1859:
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The starting point of Weimar Classicism, or the era of German classical literature, was in 1771 when the widowed
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Wilkinson, Elizabeth M. and L. A. Willoughby, "'The Whole Man' in Schiller's theory of Culture and Society", in
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to Weimar to educate her two sons. Wieland had just published his modern and ironic mirror-for-princes work,
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1511:, ed. by Dennis F. Mahoney, Vol. 8 of The Camden House History of German Literature, Rochester, N. Y., 2004.
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was called to Weimar in 1775 at the age of 26, also as a tutor for princes, he had become the leader of the
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1272:. Bibliothèque de la Faculté de Philosophie et Lettres de l'Université de Liège (Paris, 1955), pp. 21 ff.
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Dilettantismus und Meisterschaft. Zum Problem des Dilettantismus bei Goethe: Praxis, Theorie, Zeitkritik
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589:"), that is, it should not arouse undue interest, deflecting attention from the aesthetic form. Indeed,
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288:. The movement was eventually concentrated upon Goethe and Schiller, previously also exponents of the
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Although the vociferously unrestricted, even "organic", works that were produced, such as
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movement, to her court in Weimar. The Seyler company was soon thereafter followed by
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German literary and cultural movement, whose practitioners established a new humanism
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421:. Wieland became an important friend and collaborator of both Seyler, and later
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1969:
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389:'s theatre company's arrival in Weimar marked the infancy of Weimar Classicism
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464:, while Schiller saw Goethe's poetic approach in stark contrast to his own.
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1939:
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1713:
1281:"Herzogin Anna Amalie von Weimar und ihr Theater," in Robert Keil (ed.),
1040:
585:", or "content", when observed in this context) is to be "indifferent" ("
447:
402:
386:
318:
265:
249:, Germany, because the leading authors of Weimar Classicism lived there.
234:
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3343:
1531:
Einführung in die Literatur des Sturm und Drang und der Weimarer Klassik
1242:
Einführung in die Literatur des Sturm und Drang und der Weimarer Klassik
499:
published works by several women, including a serially published novel,
128:
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By contrast, the contemporaneous and efflorescing literary movement of
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197:
495:
The Weimar movement was notable for its inclusion of female writers.
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2226:
2114:
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1830:
Centre for Intercultural Studies—Ernst Cassirer and Weimar Classicism
1788:
483:
24:
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3313:
3306:
3031:
2996:
2438:
2382:
1599:"Der Liebe Maskentanz": Aufsätze zum Werk Christoph Martin Wielands
1386:
230:
5387:
2220:
626:
Schiller was very prolific during this period, writing his plays
360:
knowledge was a major abetment to the "pre-Romanticism" known as
337:
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3389:
1839:
1187:
429:
422:
246:
145:
1552:
Schiller's Kalliasbriefe and the Study of his Aesthetic Theory
3275:
1354:: Patrons, Petticoats, and the Promotion of Weimar Classicism
405:, including several prominent actors and playwrights such as
356:
1270:
Les Théories esthétiques en Allemagne de Baumgarten à Kant
1166:
665:, (stage play, 1773, first on stage: Weimar, May 25, 1773)
1460:
On the Aesthetic Education of Man: In a Series of Letters
541:
5455:Über den Grund des Vergnügens an tragischen Gegenständen
993:Über den Grund des Vergnügens an tragischen Gegenständen
1616:, ed. by Paul Bishop and R. H. Stephenson, Leeds, 2000.
1436:
Goethe's letter to Friedrich Zelter, 25.xii.1829. Cf. "
1356:(Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press, 2007).
1028:, ("On the Aesthetic Education of Man", essays, 1795)
712:
Geheime Geschichte des Philosophen Peregrinus Proteus
5506:
What is universal history and why does one study it?
1438:
Spanische Romanzen, übersetzt von Beauregard Pandin
1239:
759:
Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1626:—, 'Goethe's Prose Style: Making Sense of Sense',
1478:Amrine, F, Zucker, F. J., and Wheeler, H. (Eds.),
546:These are essentials used by Goethe and Schiller:
377:
419:Der goldne Spiegel oder die Könige von Scheschian
5716:
1664:The Classical Age of German Literature 1748–1805
1462:, ed. and trans. by Wilkinson, Elizabeth M. and
807:
746:Volkslieder nebst untermischten anderen Stücken
4453:
1874:
1650:Essays in German Language, Culture and Society
818:("Trauerspiel", begun in 1775, published 1788)
649:
507:. Other women published by Schiller included
5450:The Theatre Considered as a Moral Institution
5147:
4439:
3204:
1860:
1240:Buschmeier, Matthias; Kauffmann, Kai (2010).
258:Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
5694:Friedrich Schiller – The Triumph of a Genius
3333:
3304:
3290:
1635:Goethe's Conception of Knowledge and Science
3399:
2006:Category:Translators of William Shakespeare
1652:, ed. Prawer et al., London, 1969, 177–210.
1581:Nietzsche and Schiller: Untimely Aesthetics
1197:(editorship, many contributions, 1798–1800)
1025:Über die ästhetische Erziehung des Menschen
977:
899:("Reineke Fox", hexametric epic poem, 1794)
654:
5154:
5140:
4446:
4432:
3211:
3197:
1867:
1853:
1801:Weimar Classicism in Literary Encyclopedia
1628:Publications of the English Goethe Society
1283:Goethe's Tagebuch aus den Jahren 1776–1782
1254:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1128:("The Bride of Messina", stage play, 1803)
907:("Conversations of German Refugees", 1795)
739:
127:
2120:Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen
1789:"Introduction to the Propyläen" by Goethe
1494:Friedrich Nietzsche and Weimar Classicism
1233:
1183:(editorship, many contributions, 1796–97)
1177:(edited by Schiller, periodical, 1795–96)
1120:("The Maid of Orleans", stage play, 1801)
791:Metakritik zur Kritik der reinen Vernunft
454:– primarily through his epistolary novel
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
3218:
1446:
1336:Conversations With Eckermann (1823–1832)
1327:
1033:Über naive und sentimentalische Dichtung
735:, tom. I-IV, Leipzig: Göschen 1800–1802)
381:
229:, whose practitioners established a new
1516:Weimarer Klassik: Portrait einer Epoche
1167:By Goethe and Schiller in collaboration
904:Unterhaltungen deutscher Ausgewanderten
728:Aristipp und einige seiner Zeitgenossen
715:, (novel, Weimar 1788/89; Leipzig 1791)
292:movement, during the period 1788–1805.
5717:
5161:
4791:The Green Snake and the Beautiful Lily
2130:Christian Hoffmann von Hoffmannswaldau
1529:Buschmeier, Matthias; Kauffmann, Kai:
1480:Goethe and the Sciences: A Reappraisal
1324:equivalents in "poetry" and "fiction".
915:The Green Snake and the Beautiful Lily
823:Wilhelm Meisters theatralische Sendung
606:
542:Aesthetic and philosophical principles
374:were notable participants for a time.
5135:
4427:
3449:
3230:
3192:
1848:
1492:Bishop, Paul & R. H. Stephenson,
1418:(Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag, 1872).
1509:The Literature of German Romanticism
1365:
767:Briefe zur Beförderung der Humanität
707:, (tom. I-III, Winterthur 1786–1789)
468:literature and the arts in Germany.
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
4525:Gesang der Geister über den Wassern
1566:Goethe and the Scientific Tradition
853:(stage play, 1780–, published 1790)
140:. Schiller reads in the gardens of
13:
5664:Wilhelm Friedrich Hermann Reinwald
5393:Der Antritt des neuen Jahrhunderts
4817:Wilhelm Meister's Journeyman Years
1777:
1538:Goethe und die geschichtliche Welt
1381:(1). University of Chicago: 1–37.
601:
14:
5781:
5480:On the Aesthetic Education of Man
2155:Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick
1772:
1559:Schiller's Writings on Aesthetics
826:(novel from 1776, published 1911)
786:, (5 collections, Riga 1796–1799)
313:", burgeoned in the synthesis of
245:. It was named after the city of
233:from the synthesis of ideas from
4808:Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship
4474:
4473:
4407:
4406:
1925:Early New High German literature
1794:
1350:The Women Writers in Schiller's
925:Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship
795:(essay, Part I+II, Leipzig 1799)
557:is implicit with form. A work's
23:
5485:On Naïve and Sentimental Poetry
5044:Goethe Society of North America
1840:Goethe Society of North America
1430:
1421:
1408:
770:, (collected essays, 1791–1797)
378:Cultural and historical context
134:Weimar's Courtyard of the Muses
34:needs additional citations for
5770:19th-century German literature
5765:18th-century German literature
5652:Alexander von Gleichen-Rußwurm
5328:Das verschleierte Bild zu Sais
1359:
1342:
1310:
1297:
1288:
1275:
1262:
1162:(stage play, incomplete, 1805)
1094:(trilogy of stage plays, 1799)
955:", hexametric epic poem, 1798)
845:", stage play, published 1787)
762:(essays, tom. I-IV, 1784–1791)
503:, by Schiller's sister-in-law
295:
1:
5363:Der Gang nach dem Eisenhammer
1920:Middle High German literature
1507:—, "Goethe's Late Verse", in
1427:Borchmeyer, op. cit., p. 358.
1227:
937:" I, 1797–, first print 1808)
833:. Ein Schauspiel für Liebende
751:Stimmen der Völker in Liedern
699:, (rhymed novel, Weimar 1780)
691:, (rhymed novel, Weimar 1778)
683:, (rhymed novel, Weimar 1778)
300:
5616:Carl Christoph von Lengefeld
5604:Elisabetha Dorothea Schiller
5523:Wirtembergisches Repertorium
5059:Goethe in the Roman Campagna
4799:The Sorrows of Young Werther
3450:
3336:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
2206:Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock
1814:Goethes Allianz mit Schiller
1784:"On the Sublime" by Schiller
1623:, 114, 1997, 101–12; 382–84.
1471:
1333:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,
1294:Borchmeyer, op. cit., p. 58.
808:Johann Wolfgang (von) Goethe
723:, (novel, Leipzig 1796–1797)
670:Die Geschichte der Abderiten
457:The Sorrows of Young Werther
440:Friedrich Maximilian Klinger
256:movement began in 1771 when
7:
5760:German literature by period
5646:Ludwig von Gleichen-Rußwurm
5640:Emilie von Gleichen-Rußwurm
5417:The Criminal of Lost Honour
4578:Nur wer die Sehnsucht kennt
3305:
3148:Adelbert von Chamisso Prize
2283:Annette von Droste-Hülshoff
2211:Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz
1671:
1458:Schiller, J. C. Friedrich,
650:Primary works of the period
486:. On this Goethe remarked:
10:
5786:
5725:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
4942:Catharina Elisabeth Goethe
4455:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
3231:
2333:Christian Friedrich Hebbel
2288:Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach
2223:(Friedrich von Hardenberg)
2191:Johann Christoph Gottsched
2186:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
2135:Johann Michael Moscherosch
2057:Walther von der Vogelweide
2011:Reformation era literature
1915:Old High German literature
1876:German-language literature
1451:
1348:Holmgren, Janet Besserer,
921:Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre
278:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
174:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
5730:German literary movements
5590:
5546:
5514:
5498:
5440:
5406:
5373:Der Kampf mit dem Drachen
5323:Die Götter Griechenlandes
5305:
5287:
5169:
4925:
4905:
4876:
4856:
4827:
4773:
4642:
4601:The Sorcerer's Apprentice
4488:
4461:
4393:
4347:
4249:
4206:
4185:
4132:
4101:
4085:
4032:
3966:
3918:
3882:
3849:
3768:
3727:
3571:
3460:
3456:
3445:
3350:Methodological skepticism
3241:
3237:
3226:
3123:
3040:
2842:
2431:
2250:
2237:Johann Gottfried Schnabel
2176:Barthold Heinrich Brockes
2168:
2097:
2019:
1978:
1882:
1583:, Clarendon Press, 1996,
1545:Journal of Modern History
1482:, BSPS, D. Reidel, 1987,
1375:Journal of Modern History
1339:. M. Walter Dunne (1901).
351:of 1750 (vol. II; 1758)
187:
169:
161:
153:
126:
5271:Die Huldigung der Künste
5081:(1939 Thomas Mann novel)
5018:Goethe–Schiller Monument
5010:Goethe Monument (Berlin)
4996:Goethe House (Frankfurt)
4735:The Magic Flute Part Two
4511:Die erste Walpurgisnacht
2829:Fritz Zorn (Fritz Angst)
2242:Christoph Martin Wieland
2216:Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
2196:Johann Christian Günther
2077:Gottfried von Strassburg
1910:History of Liechtenstein
1766:Christoph Martin Wieland
1657:Goethe, Poet and Thinker
1466:, Clarendon Press, 1967.
1307:(Munich: Winkler, 1971).
1151:Die Huldigung der Künste
1117:Die Jungfrau von Orleans
978:Friedrich (von) Schiller
967:Die Wahlverwandtschaften
655:Christoph Martin Wieland
561:is not reducible to its
415:Christoph Martin Wieland
274:Christoph Martin Wieland
5610:Charlotte von Lengefeld
5383:Das Lied von der Glocke
5368:Der Ring des Polykrates
5353:Die Kraniche des Ibykus
4886:Metamorphosis of Plants
3173:Leipzig Book Fair Prize
3133:Ingeborg Bachmann Prize
3055:Rudolf Christoph Eucken
2067:Albrecht von Johansdorf
2001:Swiss writers in German
1806:Klassik Stiftung Weimar
1704:Johann Gottfried Herder
1244:(in German). Darmstadt.
1205:(periodical, 1798–1801)
1146:", stage play, 1803/04)
1099:Das Lied von der Glocke
1065:Der Ring des Polykrates
1049:Die Kraniche des Ibykus
866:Venezianische Epigramme
740:Johann Gottfried Herder
282:Johann Gottfried Herder
5735:Neoclassical movements
5598:Johann Kaspar Schiller
3400:
3334:
3300:Enlightened absolutism
3291:
2388:Conrad Ferdinand Meyer
2293:Joseph von Eichendorff
2062:Wolfram von Eschenbach
1905:History of Switzerland
1835:English Goethe Society
1547:91 (March 2019), 1–37.
1496:, Camden House, 2004,
960:Die natürliche Tochter
536:unification of Germany
532:Alexander von Humboldt
493:
399:Seyler Theatre Company
390:
262:Seyler Theatre Company
218:
5658:Christophine Reinwald
5460:Augustenburger Briefe
5120:Pied Piper of Hamelin
4980:Goethe House (Weimar)
4837:Dichtung und Wahrheit
4717:Götz von Berlichingen
3266:Counter-Enlightenment
2704:Christian Morgenstern
2589:Hugo von Hofmannsthal
2494:Rolf Dieter Brinkmann
2278:Adelbert von Chamisso
2072:Heinrich von Morungen
1996:Liechtenstein writers
1749:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
1734:Johann Heinrich Meyer
1595:Reemtsma, Jan Philipp
1447:Selected bibliography
1125:Die Braut von Messina
1001:Augustenburger Briefe
783:Christliche Schriften
505:Caroline von Wolzogen
488:
444:play of the same name
438:movement – named for
385:
182:Caroline von Wolzogen
5740:Age of Enlightenment
5622:Louise von Lengefeld
5470:Über das Pathetische
5465:On Grace and Dignity
5333:Die Teilung der Erde
5257:The Bride of Messina
5111:Young Goethe in Love
5069:Goethe at the Window
5030:Monument (Milwaukee)
4915:Gespräche mit Goethe
4745:The Natural Daughter
4623:West–östlicher Divan
4615:Wanderer's Nightsong
4608:Welcome and Farewell
4556:Hermann and Dorothea
3220:Age of Enlightenment
3163:Heinrich Heine Prize
2729:Erich Maria Remarque
2699:Friederike Mayröcker
2534:Friedrich Dürrenmatt
1514:Borchmeyer, Dieter,
1285:, Veit, 1875, p. 69.
1112:", stage play, 1800)
1009:Über Anmut und Würde
988:, (stage play, 1787)
953:Hermann and Dorothea
949:Hermann und Dorothea
931:Faust. Eine Tragödie
917:", fairy tale, 1795)
839:Iphigenie auf Tauris
677:, Leipzig 1774–1780)
673:, (novel on ancient
640:The Bride of Messina
621:West-östlicher Divan
353:Alexander Baumgarten
307:German Enlightenment
243:Age of Enlightenment
43:improve this article
5443:philosophical works
5250:The Maid of Orleans
5234:Wallenstein's Death
5003:Goethe-Gesellschaft
4783:Elective Affinities
4738:(libretto fragment)
4726:Iphigenia in Tauris
4540:Harzreise im Winter
4479:Cultural depictions
4226:Feijóo y Montenegro
4177:Vorontsova-Dashkova
3143:Sigmund Freud Prize
3138:Georg Büchner Prize
2952:Emine Sevgi Özdamar
2664:Else Lasker-Schüler
2529:Heimito von Doderer
2373:Heinrich von Kleist
2363:Friedrich Hölderlin
2201:Friedrich Hölderlin
2047:Reinmar von Hagenau
1960:Austrian literature
1744:Friedrich Nietzsche
1739:Karl Philipp Moritz
1709:Friedrich Hölderlin
1699:Johann Georg Hamann
1662:Willoughby, L. A.,
1637:, Edinburgh, 1995,
1561:, Manchester, 1961.
971:Elective Affinities
873:Faust. Ein Fragment
843:Iphigenia in Tauris
748:(1778–1779, ²1807:
636:The Maid of Orleans
607:Goethe and Schiller
521:Elisa von der Recke
323:Christian Thomasius
123:
58:"Weimar Classicism"
5755:Friedrich Schiller
5686:Friedrich Schiller
5634:Ernst von Schiller
5220:Wallenstein's Camp
5163:Friedrich Schiller
4564:Der König in Thule
3365:Natural philosophy
3153:Hans Fallada Prize
2734:Rainer Maria Rilke
2654:Siegfried Kracauer
2544:Marieluise Fleißer
2459:Johannes R. Becher
2338:Johann Peter Hebel
2232:Friedrich Schiller
1979:Related categories
1900:History of Austria
1895:History of Germany
1754:F. W. J. Schelling
1630:, 66, 1996, 31–41.
1579:Martin, Nicholas,
1554:, The Hague, 1970.
1533:, Darmstadt, 2010.
1518:, Weinheim, 1994,
963:(stage play, 1804)
927:", novel, 1795/96)
891:(stage play, 1793)
835:(stage play, 1776)
681:Hann und Gulpenheh
473:German Romanticism
452:theatrical company
391:
286:Friedrich Schiller
268:, pioneers of the
178:Friedrich Schiller
121:
5750:History of Weimar
5745:Culture in Weimar
5712:
5711:
5670:Weimar Classicism
5628:Karl von Schiller
5490:Über das Erhabene
5431:A magnanimous act
5358:Ritter Toggenburg
5192:Intrigue and Love
5129:
5128:
5071:(1786/7 painting)
4957:Weimar Classicism
4934:Christine Vulpius
4895:Theory of Colours
4652:Der Bürgergeneral
4421:
4420:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4384:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3414:Scientific method
3271:Critical thinking
3186:
3185:
3178:Nelly Sachs Prize
3065:Gerhart Hauptmann
3022:Wolf Wondratschek
2947:Sharon Dodua Otoo
2784:Berta von Suttner
2759:Arthur Schnitzler
2749:Ernst von Salomon
2539:Lion Feuchtwanger
2444:Ingeborg Bachmann
2358:E. T. A. Hoffmann
2328:Gerhart Hauptmann
2313:Franz Grillparzer
2308:Jeremias Gotthelf
2258:Bettina von Arnim
2181:Christian Gellert
2082:Dietrich von Bern
2037:Der von Kürenberg
1935:Weimar Classicism
1666:, New York, 1966.
1536:Cassirer, Ernst,
1222:works by Schiller
1057:Ritter Toggenburg
888:Der Bürgergeneral
880:Theory of Colours
861:(written 1788–90)
517:Amalie von Imhoff
366:(1765), of which
227:cultural movement
206:Weimar Classicism
203:
202:
122:Weimar Classicism
119:
118:
111:
93:
5777:
5654:(great-grandson)
5499:Historical works
5199:Körner's Morning
5156:
5149:
5142:
5133:
5132:
5122:
5115:
5105:
5093:
5083:
5073:
5063:
5053:
5046:
5039:
5032:
5022:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4989:
4982:
4973:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4950:Goethean science
4945:
4937:
4918:
4898:
4889:
4877:Natural sciences
4869:
4849:
4840:
4828:Autobiographical
4820:
4811:
4802:
4793:
4786:
4766:
4757:
4748:
4739:
4729:
4720:
4711:
4708:Erwin und Elmire
4702:
4691:
4682:
4673:
4664:
4655:
4635:
4626:
4617:
4610:
4603:
4596:
4587:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4550:
4543:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4469:
4448:
4441:
4434:
4425:
4424:
4410:
4409:
3458:
3457:
3447:
3446:
3405:
3339:
3310:
3296:
3239:
3238:
3228:
3227:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3190:
3189:
3105:Elfriede Jelinek
3027:Feridun Zaimoğlu
3017:Peter Wawerzinek
2962:Julya Rabinowich
2922:Christian Kracht
2897:Wladimir Kaminer
2887:Elfriede Jelinek
2649:Egon Erwin Kisch
2594:Ödön von Horváth
2574:Marlen Haushofer
2408:Adalbert Stifter
2368:Gottfried Keller
2268:Clemens Brentano
2150:Angelus Silesius
2125:Andreas Gryphius
2052:Hartmann von Aue
2042:Dietmar von Aist
1986:Austrian writers
1965:Swiss literature
1945:Literary realism
1883:Related articles
1869:
1862:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1826:
1822:Der späte Goethe
1818:
1810:
1694:Jena Romanticism
1464:L. A. Willoughby
1441:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1367:Daum, Andreas W.
1363:
1357:
1346:
1340:
1331:
1325:
1314:
1308:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1279:
1273:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1245:
1237:
1072:Der Geisterseher
1020:, (essays, 1793)
1004:, (essays, 1793)
858:Römische Elegien
803:, (Leipzig 1800)
581:(designated as "
525:Louise Brachmann
501:Agnes von Lilien
325:(1655–1728) and
321:as developed by
254:Weimarer Klassik
219:Weimarer Klassik
213:
138:Theobald von Oer
131:
124:
120:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
5785:
5784:
5780:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5775:
5774:
5715:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5702:Beloved Sisters
5624:(mother-in-law)
5618:(father-in-law)
5586:
5542:
5510:
5494:
5442:
5436:
5408:
5402:
5301:
5283:
5227:The Piccolomini
5165:
5160:
5130:
5125:
5118:
5108:
5098:
5089:Lotte in Weimar
5086:
5079:Lotte in Weimar
5076:
5066:
5061:(1787 painting)
5056:
5049:
5042:
5035:
5028:Goethe–Schiller
5025:
5015:
5008:
5001:
4994:
4987:National Museum
4985:
4978:
4969:
4964:Goethe-Institut
4962:
4955:
4948:
4940:
4932:
4921:
4912:
4901:
4892:
4883:
4872:
4863:
4852:
4846:Italian Journey
4843:
4834:
4823:
4814:
4805:
4796:
4789:
4780:
4769:
4760:
4751:
4742:
4732:
4723:
4714:
4705:
4696:
4685:
4676:
4667:
4658:
4649:
4638:
4629:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4599:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4571:Marienbad Elegy
4569:
4562:
4553:
4546:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4484:
4472:
4465:
4457:
4452:
4422:
4417:
4416:
4403:
4381:
4343:
4245:
4202:
4181:
4128:
4097:
4093:Carvalho e Melo
4081:
4028:
3962:
3914:
3878:
3845:
3764:
3723:
3567:
3452:
3433:
3419:Spanish America
3293:Encyclopédistes
3256:Civil liberties
3233:
3222:
3217:
3187:
3182:
3126:literary awards
3125:
3124:German-language
3119:
3050:Theodor Mommsen
3043:Nobel laureates
3042:
3041:German-language
3036:
2982:Clemens J. Setz
2912:Alexander Kluge
2902:Daniel Kehlmann
2862:Jenny Erpenbeck
2844:
2838:
2809:Josef Weinheber
2769:Kurt Schwitters
2754:Paul Scheerbart
2469:Thomas Bernhard
2427:
2298:Theodor Fontane
2263:Achim von Arnim
2246:
2164:
2093:
2032:Courtly romance
2015:
1974:
1930:Sturm und Drang
1890:German language
1878:
1873:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1797:
1780:
1778:Primary sources
1775:
1770:
1684:S. T. Coleridge
1674:
1669:
1659:, London, 1972.
1621:Goethe-Jahrbuch
1568:, Leeds, 1972,
1564:Nisbet, H. B.,
1540:, Berlin, 1932.
1474:
1469:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1364:
1360:
1347:
1343:
1332:
1328:
1315:
1311:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1247:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1218:works by Goethe
1214:works by Herder
1169:
1036:, (essay, 1795)
1012:, (essay, 1793)
996:, (essay, 1792)
980:
973:", novel, 1809)
810:
778:, (Lübeck 1795)
742:
657:
652:
613:Wilhelm Meister
609:
604:
602:Primary authors
544:
513:Friederike Brun
479:Sturm und Drang
462:Sturm und Drang
435:Sturm und Drang
411:Sturm und Drang
380:
363:Sturm und Drang
327:Christian Wolff
303:
298:
290:Sturm and Drang
270:Sturm und Drang
221:) was a German
209:
193:Sturm und Drang
149:
142:Schloss Tiefurt
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5783:
5773:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5698:
5690:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5661:
5655:
5649:
5643:
5637:
5631:
5625:
5619:
5613:
5607:
5601:
5594:
5592:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5578:
5572:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5550:
5548:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5533:
5526:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5475:Kallias-Briefe
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5446:
5444:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5427:
5424:The Ghost-Seer
5420:
5412:
5410:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5398:Das Siegesfest
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5378:Die Bürgschaft
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5309:
5307:
5306:Selected poems
5303:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5274:
5267:
5260:
5253:
5246:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5230:
5223:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5188:
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5159:
5158:
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5144:
5136:
5127:
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5123:
5116:
5106:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5074:
5064:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5033:
5023:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4960:
4953:
4946:
4938:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4890:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4841:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4812:
4803:
4794:
4787:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4763:Torquato Tasso
4758:
4749:
4740:
4730:
4721:
4712:
4703:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4683:
4665:
4656:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
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2088:Nibelungenlied
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1991:German writers
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1970:German studies
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1773:External links
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1719:W. v. Humboldt
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1714:A. v. Humboldt
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1679:Ernst Cassirer
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1133:Das Siegesfest
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1087:
1086:, (poem, 1798)
1083:Die Bürgschaft
1079:
1076:The Ghost-seer
1069:
1068:, (poem, 7987)
1061:
1060:, (poem, 1797)
1053:
1052:, (poem, 1797)
1045:
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1017:Kallias-Briefe
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5583:(with Goethe)
5582:
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5577:(with Goethe)
5576:
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5571:(with Goethe)
5570:
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5343:Der Handschuh
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5101:A Man in Love
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4906:Conversations
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4349:United States
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3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3473:Ashley-Cooper
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3448:
3444:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3375:Progressivism
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3324:Individualism
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3202:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3095:Elias Canetti
3093:
3091:
3090:Heinrich Böll
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3080:Hermann Hesse
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:Martin Walser
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2987:Botho Strauss
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2932:Clemens Meyer
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2907:Esther Kinsky
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2872:Durs Grünbein
2870:
2868:
2867:Rainald Goetz
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2804:Robert Walser
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2714:Heiner Müller
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2684:Heinrich Mann
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2629:Erich Kästner
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2579:Hermann Hesse
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:Stefan George
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:Alfred Döblin
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:Elias Canetti
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2499:Hermann Broch
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2479:Thomas Brasch
2477:
2475:
2474:Heinrich Böll
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2423:Ludwig Uhland
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2413:Theodor Storm
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2403:Wilhelm Raabe
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2393:Eduard Mörike
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2348:Georg Herwegh
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:Wilhelm Grimm
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2273:Georg Büchner
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2160:Georg Wickram
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1955:Exilliteratur
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1815:
1812:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1795:Other sources
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1760:Weltliteratur
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1643:0-7486-0538-X
1640:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1607:3-251-00453-0
1604:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1589:0-19-815913-7
1586:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1574:0-85457-050-0
1571:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1550:Ellis, John,
1549:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1524:3-89547-112-7
1521:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1502:1-57113-280-5
1499:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1488:90-277-2265-X
1485:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1439:
1433:
1424:
1417:
1411:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1320:word has its
1319:
1313:
1306:
1300:
1291:
1284:
1278:
1271:
1268:Cf. Nivelle,
1265:
1257:
1251:
1243:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1191:(poems, 1796)
1190:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1181:Musenalmanach
1179:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
995:
994:
990:
987:
986:
982:
981:
972:
968:
965:
962:
961:
957:
954:
950:
947:
944:
943:
939:
936:
932:
929:
926:
922:
919:
916:
912:
909:
906:
905:
901:
898:
897:
896:Reineke Fuchs
893:
890:
889:
885:
882:
881:
877:
874:
871:
868:
867:
863:
860:
859:
855:
852:
851:
847:
844:
840:
837:
834:
832:
828:
825:
824:
820:
817:
816:
812:
811:
802:
801:
797:
794:
792:
788:
785:
784:
780:
777:
776:
772:
769:
768:
764:
761:
760:
756:
753:
752:
747:
744:
743:
734:
730:
729:
725:
722:
721:
717:
714:
713:
709:
706:
705:
701:
698:
697:
693:
690:
689:
685:
682:
679:
676:
672:
671:
667:
664:
663:
659:
658:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
624:
622:
618:
614:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
560:
556:
552:
549:
548:
547:
539:
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:Sophie Mereau
506:
502:
498:
492:
487:
485:
481:
480:
474:
469:
465:
463:
459:
458:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
436:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
388:
384:
375:
373:
369:
365:
364:
358:
354:
350:
346:
345:Immanuel Kant
341:
339:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:neo-classical
308:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
207:
199:
195:
194:
190:
186:
183:
179:
175:
172:
170:Major figures
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
147:
143:
139:
135:
130:
125:
113:
110:
102:
99:February 2017
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
5700:
5692:
5684:
5669:
5666:(son-in-law)
5536:
5529:
5522:
5429:
5422:
5415:
5294:
5276:
5269:
5264:William Tell
5262:
5255:
5248:
5241:
5232:
5225:
5218:
5211:
5204:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5110:
5100:
5088:
5078:
5068:
5058:
5037:Goethe Prize
5027:
5017:
4971:Goethe Medal
4956:
4913:
4893:
4884:
4864:
4844:
4835:
4815:
4806:
4797:
4781:
4761:
4752:
4743:
4733:
4724:
4715:
4706:
4697:
4686:
4677:
4668:
4659:
4650:
4630:
4621:
4591:
4554:
4538:
4532:Gingo biloba
4467:Bibliography
4397:
4142:Catherine II
3594:Beaumarchais
3424:Universality
3395:Reductionism
3342:
3319:Human rights
3168:Kleist Prize
3158:Goethe Prize
3115:Peter Handke
3110:Herta Müller
3100:Günter Grass
2972:Ingo Schulze
2967:Rafik Schami
2942:Herta Müller
2937:Terézia Mora
2927:Monika Maron
2877:Peter Handke
2843:Contemporary
2834:Stefan Zweig
2824:Christa Wolf
2819:Franz Werfel
2789:Ernst Toller
2779:Anna Seghers
2774:W. G. Sebald
2724:Robert Musil
2719:Adolf Muschg
2709:Erich Mühsam
2669:Kurd Laßwitz
2644:Sarah Kirsch
2639:Irmgard Keun
2619:Ernst Jünger
2604:Peter Huchel
2599:Ricarda Huch
2569:Peter Handke
2564:Günter Grass
2484:Volker Braun
2449:Hermann Bahr
2432:20th century
2418:Ludwig Tieck
2251:19th century
2169:18th century
2140:Martin Opitz
2110:Paul Fleming
2098:Early modern
2086:
1934:
1758:
1729:C. G. Körner
1689:J. G. Fichte
1663:
1656:
1649:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1598:
1580:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1515:
1508:
1493:
1479:
1459:
1437:
1432:
1423:
1415:
1410:
1400:February 16,
1398:. Retrieved
1378:
1374:
1361:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1334:
1329:
1312:
1304:
1299:
1290:
1282:
1277:
1269:
1264:
1241:
1235:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1194:
1186:
1180:
1172:
1157:
1154:(poem, 1804)
1149:
1144:William Tell
1140:Wilhelm Tell
1139:
1136:(poem, 1803)
1131:
1123:
1115:
1106:Maria Stuart
1105:
1102:(poem, 1799)
1097:
1089:
1081:
1071:
1063:
1055:
1047:
1039:
1031:
1023:
1015:
1007:
999:
991:
983:
966:
958:
948:
940:
930:
920:
910:
902:
894:
886:
878:
872:
864:
856:
848:
838:
829:
821:
813:
798:
789:
781:
773:
765:
757:
749:
745:
731:, (novel on
726:
718:
710:
704:Dschinnistan
702:
694:
686:
680:
668:
660:
644:William Tell
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
625:
620:
616:
612:
610:
594:
590:
587:gleichgültig
586:
582:
578:
574:
568:
562:
558:
554:
550:
545:
529:
500:
496:
494:
489:
477:
470:
466:
461:
455:
433:
427:
418:
407:Konrad Ekhof
397:invited the
392:
361:
348:
342:
304:
284:and finally
260:invited the
253:
251:
205:
204:
191:
154:Years active
133:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
5705:(2014 film)
5697:(1940 film)
5689:(1923 film)
5409:prose works
5348:Der Taucher
5318:Resignation
5243:Mary Stuart
5213:Wallenstein
5178:The Robbers
5113:(2010 film)
5091:(1975 film)
4399:Romanticism
4221:Charles III
4062:Poniatowski
3999:Leeuwenhoek
3979:de la Court
3967:Netherlands
3811:Mendelssohn
3806:Lichtenberg
3684:Montesquieu
3402:Sapere aude
3385:Rationalism
3380:Rationality
3370:Objectivity
3085:Nelly Sachs
3075:Thomas Mann
2992:Yoko Tawada
2977:Lutz Seiler
2852:Zsuzsa Bánk
2814:Peter Weiss
2794:Georg Trakl
2744:Nelly Sachs
2739:Joseph Roth
2694:Thomas Mann
2624:Franz Kafka
2614:Uwe Johnson
2609:Ernst Jandl
2549:Erich Fried
2318:Jacob Grimm
1940:Romanticism
1825:(in German)
1817:(in German)
1809:(in German)
1614:Goethe 2000
1557:Kerry, S.,
1110:Mary Stuart
1091:Wallenstein
1041:Der Taucher
911:Das Märchen
775:Terpsichore
720:Agathodämon
688:Schach Lolo
642:(1803) and
632:Mary Stuart
628:Wallenstein
448:Abel Seyler
403:Abel Seyler
395:Anna Amalia
387:Abel Seyler
319:Rationalism
296:Development
266:Abel Seyler
235:Romanticism
5719:Categories
5675:Play drive
5648:(grandson)
5642:(daughter)
5313:Ode to Joy
5206:Don Carlos
5051:Goetheanum
4585:Prometheus
4497:Epiphanias
4241:Villarroel
4236:Jovellanos
4172:Radishchev
4119:Micu-Klein
4057:Niemcewicz
4024:Swammerdam
4014:Nieuwentyt
4004:Mandeville
3859:Farmakidis
3745:Burlamaqui
3654:La Mettrie
3629:Fontenelle
3584:d'Argenson
3579:d'Alembert
3503:Harrington
3429:Utopianism
3329:Liberalism
3286:Empiricism
3261:Classicism
3251:Capitalism
3060:Paul Heyse
3007:Jan Wagner
2689:Klaus Mann
2674:Gert Ledig
2659:Karl Kraus
2584:Georg Heym
2554:Max Frisch
2519:Paul Celan
2454:Vicki Baum
2353:Paul Heyse
2145:Hans Sachs
2105:Simon Dach
1724:C. G. Jung
1228:References
985:Don Karlos
733:Aristippus
349:Aesthetica
315:Empiricism
309:, called "
301:Background
241:, and the
239:Classicism
198:Classicism
188:Influences
136:(1860) by
69:newspapers
5569:Milwaukee
5547:Memorials
5537:Die Horen
5278:Demetrius
4866:Propyläen
4362:Jefferson
4304:Hutcheson
4193:Obradović
4162:Lomonosov
4157:Kheraskov
4067:Śniadecki
3831:Weishaupt
3826:Thomasius
3816:Pufendorf
3659:Lavoisier
3644:d'Holbach
3639:Helvétius
3619:Descartes
3614:Condorcet
3609:Condillac
3543:Priestley
3360:Modernity
3281:Democracy
2227:Jean Paul
2115:Hans Folz
2027:Minnesang
1472:Secondary
1440:" (1823).
1395:151051482
1250:cite book
1202:Propyläen
1174:Die Horen
1159:Demetrius
1078:", (1789)
800:Kalligone
497:Die Horen
211:‹See Tfd›
157:1788–1805
5660:(sister)
5606:(mother)
5600:(father)
5575:Syracuse
5564:Columbus
5515:Journals
5441:Selected
5407:Selected
5288:Libretti
5020:(Weimar)
4944:(mother)
4857:Journals
4688:Faust II
4504:Erlkönig
4412:Category
4357:Franklin
4324:Playfair
4294:Ferguson
4251:Scotland
4198:Mrazović
4152:Kantemir
4147:Fonvizin
4086:Portugal
4052:Krasicki
4047:Konarski
4042:Kołłątaj
3994:Koerbagh
3943:Genovesi
3928:Beccaria
3890:Berkeley
3821:Schiller
3786:Humboldt
3760:Saussure
3755:Rousseau
3719:Voltaire
3674:Maréchal
3649:Jaucourt
3604:Châtelet
3599:Chamfort
3548:Reynolds
3451:Thinkers
3355:Midlands
3344:Lumières
3314:Humanism
3307:Haskalah
3032:Juli Zeh
2997:Uwe Timm
2439:May Ayim
2383:Karl May
2020:Medieval
1672:See also
1601:, 1999,
1369:(2019).
1210:See also
1195:Almanach
945:(1797– )
883:1791/92)
646:(1804).
638:(1801),
634:(1800),
630:(1799),
484:Platonic
372:Schiller
335:European
231:humanism
223:literary
162:Location
5591:Related
5559:Chicago
5103:(novel)
4926:Related
4679:Faust I
4661:Clavigo
4518:Ganymed
4367:Madison
4339:Stewart
4279:Burnett
4274:Boswell
4259:Beattie
4231:Moratín
4216:Cadalso
4167:Novikov
4102:Romania
4077:Wybicki
4072:Staszic
4019:Spinoza
3989:Huygens
3984:Grotius
3938:Galvani
3933:Galiani
3883:Ireland
3864:Feraios
3836:Wieland
3801:Lessing
3796:Leibniz
3769:Germany
3750:Prévost
3735:Abauzit
3699:Quesnay
3689:Morelly
3679:Meslier
3664:Leclerc
3624:Diderot
3513:Johnson
3488:Collins
3483:Bentham
3468:Addison
3461:England
3409:Science
3246:Atheism
2845:writers
2221:Novalis
1452:Primary
1322:English
1303:Vaget,
942:Novelle
662:Alceste
595:Gestalt
569:Gestalt
428:Before
401:led by
338:culture
276:, then
264:led by
165:Germany
83:scholar
5612:(wife)
5581:Weimar
5554:Berlin
5530:Thalia
5338:Xenien
5296:Semele
5185:Fiesco
4936:(wife)
4754:Stella
4699:Egmont
4632:Xenien
4319:Newton
4309:Hutton
4289:Cullen
4186:Serbia
4134:Russia
4124:Șincai
4034:Poland
3974:Bekker
3948:Pagano
3910:Toland
3874:Korais
3869:Kairis
3851:Greece
3781:Herder
3776:Goethe
3740:Bonnet
3728:Geneva
3714:Turgot
3704:Raynal
3694:Pascal
3634:Gouges
3572:France
3558:Tindal
3553:Sidney
3528:Newton
3523:Milton
3498:Godwin
3493:Gibbon
3390:Reason
3232:Topics
1641:
1605:
1587:
1572:
1522:
1500:
1486:
1414:Bahr,
1393:
1318:German
1220:, and
1188:Xenien
875:(1790)
869:(1790)
831:Stella
815:Egmont
696:Oberon
675:Abdera
619:, and
583:Inhalt
563:Inhalt
559:Gehalt
555:Gehalt
551:Gehalt
523:, and
430:Goethe
423:Goethe
368:Goethe
331:German
247:Weimar
215:German
146:Weimar
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
5680:Skull
5636:(son)
5630:(son)
5388:Nänie
5170:Plays
4774:Prose
4670:Faust
4643:Plays
4489:Poems
4377:Paine
4372:Mason
4334:Smith
4284:Burns
4269:Blair
4264:Black
4208:Spain
4114:Maior
4009:Meyer
3953:Verri
3920:Italy
3905:Swift
3900:Burke
3895:Boyle
3841:Wolff
3669:Mably
3589:Bayle
3538:Price
3518:Locke
3508:Hooke
3478:Bacon
3276:Deism
1391:S2CID
1352:Horen
935:Faust
617:Faust
591:Stoff
579:Stoff
575:Stoff
357:Latin
90:JSTOR
76:books
4329:Reid
4314:Mill
4299:Hume
3958:Vico
3791:Kant
3709:Sade
3533:Pope
1639:ISBN
1603:ISBN
1585:ISBN
1570:ISBN
1520:ISBN
1498:ISBN
1484:ISBN
1402:2021
1316:The
1256:link
1074:, ("
913:, ("
370:and
317:and
305:The
252:The
225:and
62:news
1655:—,
1633:—,
1383:doi
450:'s
442:'s
45:by
5721::
1597:,
1389:.
1379:91
1377:.
1373:.
1252:}}
1248:{{
1224:.
1216:,
1212::
1142:"(
1108:("
969:("
951:("
933:("
923:("
841:("
615:,
538:.
527:.
519:,
515:,
511:,
425:.
340:.
280:,
237:,
217::
196:,
180:;
176:;
144:,
5155:e
5148:t
5141:v
4447:e
4440:t
4433:v
4401:→
3212:e
3205:t
3198:v
1868:e
1861:t
1854:v
1645:.
1609:.
1591:.
1576:.
1526:.
1504:.
1404:.
1385::
1258:)
793:,
754:)
565:.
208:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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