2466:
2899:
2454:
132:
3121:
2820:
2809:
3037:
3065:
74:
2299:
458:
67:
2957:
3023:
2478:
2910:
2875:
419:
3158:
1309:
2925:
925:
2222:, although their power base remained in Brandenburg. Legally, Brandenburg was still part of the Holy Roman Empire, ruled by the Hohenzollerns in personal union with the Prussian kingdom over which they were fully sovereign. For this reason, the Hohenzollerns continued to use the additional title of Elector of Brandenburg for the remainder of the empire's run. However, by this time the emperor's authority over the empire had become merely nominal. The various territories of the empire acted more or less as
1851:
115:
1607:
2971:
1432:
433:
827:
405:
3051:
966:
961:
2936:
2995:
1226:
2087:
2411:
2861:
2847:
3009:
2114:. In this way, the fortuitous marriage of John Sigismund to Anna of Prussia, and the deaths of her maternal uncle in 1609 and her father in 1618 without immediate male heirs, proved to be the key events by which Brandenburg acquired territory both in the Rhineland and on the Baltic coast. Prussia lay outside the Holy Roman Empire and the electors of Brandenburg held it as a fief of the
1615:
1586:, and afterwards its western outskirts and a portion of the Uckermark were occupied by Rudolf I of Saxe-Wittenberg. In 1320 the allied forces of Pomerania and Jawor clashed with Mecklenburg in the Uckermark, and war between Pomerania and Mecklenburg continued in 1321â1322 on the Oder River and in Mecklenburg. By February 1322, eastern outskirts of the Lubusz Land with Torzym and
2513:
2465:
1673:(the "Brandenburger") in 1323, although various portions of the margraviate were still controlled by various neighbouring principalities. The emergence of a new powerful rival prompted the previously warring parties to make peace with each other and cooperate. Bavarian forces soon entered the region, but in October 1323
1522:, for control of different parts of the Margraviate. The war was periodically fought between various factions due to the alliances formed, such as the Jawor-Pomeranian and Mecklenburg-Saxe-Wittenberg alliances, and kings of Bohemia, Poland and Denmark also entered alliances with various parties. In 1319,
1271:
and raised
Pribislav to the status of king, although that was later rescinded. Also in 1134, Albert succeeded in securing for the Ascanians the inheritance of the childless Pribislav. After the latter's death in 1150, Albert received the Havolane residence of Brenna. The Ascanians also began to build
1689:
in 1326, and the MiÄdzyrzecz castellany was ultimately reintegrated with Poland. From 1328 onwards, Louis was in war against
Pomerania which he claimed as a fiefdom and the conflict did not end before 1333. The rule of Margrave Louis I was rejected by the domestic nobility of Brandenburg, and, after
1291:
help, and ruled the land of the
Stodorans. Older historical research dates this conquest to 1153, although there are no definite sources for the date. More recent researchers (such as Lutz Partenheimer) date it to spring 1157, as it is doubtful that Albert would not have responded to Jaxa's actions
910:
Mark
Brandenburg has a cool, continental climate, with temperatures averaging near 0 °C (32 °F) in January and February and near 18 °C (64 °F) in July and August. Precipitation averages between 500 mm and 600 mm annually, with a modest summer maximum.
2121:
The electors of
Brandenburg spent the next two centuries attempting to gain lands to unite their separate territories (the Mark Brandenburg, the territories in the Rhineland and Westphalia, and Ducal Prussia) to form one geographically contiguous domain. In the
1427:
fortified with knights were mostly located in the border region of the
Neumark. After a 14th-century decline in imperial power, however, knights began constructing castles throughout the principality, granting them more independence.
600:. By 1535, the electorate had an area of some 10,000 square miles (26,000 km) and a population of 400,000. Under Hohenzollern leadership, Brandenburg grew rapidly in power during the 17th century and inherited the
2453:
2775:
1295:
With bloody victories on 11 June 1157, Albert the Bear was able to reconquer
Brandenburg, exile Jaxa, and found a new lordship. Because he already held the title of margrave, Albert styled himself as
501:
2395:
with its capital in
Potsdam. The 850th anniversary of the foundation of the March of Brandenburg was celebrated officially on 11 June 2007, with preliminary celebrations at the Knights' Academy of
3087:
1677:
called Louis IV to annul the grant of
Brandenburg to Louis V, declaring it unlawful. As a consequence of the murder of Provost Nikolaus von Bernau in 1325, Brandenburg was punished with a papal
2797:
2214:. Prussia, unlike Brandenburg, lay outside the Holy Roman Empire, within which only the emperor and the ruler of Bohemia could call themselves king. As king was a more prestigious title than
1842:, who neglected the border region. Under the Wittelsbach and Luxembourg margraves, Brandenburg fell increasingly under the control of the local nobility as central authority declined.
3455:
2805:
131:
3491:
2028:
The
Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg sought to expand their power base from their relatively meager possessions, although this brought them into conflict with neighboring states.
745:
The Mark is defined by two uplands and two depressions. The depressions are taken up by rivers and chains of lakes with marsh and boggy soil along the shores; once used for
1815:("land book", i.e. estate register) of Charles IV, a source for the history of medieval settlement in Brandenburg, originated during this time. Charles chose the castle of
2048:
and the disputed succession of JĂŒlich. At the end of the war in 1648, Brandenburg was recognized as the possessor of approximately half the inheritance, comprising the
2790:
391:
2233:
From 1701 to 1946, Brandenburg's history was largely that of the state of Prussia, which established itself as a major power in Europe during the 18th century. King
3954:
3117:
1283:
In contrast to their leaders who had accepted Christianity, the Havolane population still worshipped old Slavic deities and opposed Albert's assumption of power.
713:
until 1815, were not parts of the Mark. Colloquially but not accurately, the federal state Brandenburg is sometimes identified as the Mark or Mark Brandenburg.
3969:
2704:
Rymar, Edward (1979). "Rywalizacja o ziemiÄ lubuskÄ
i kasztelaniÄ miÄdzyrzeckÄ
w latach 1319â1326, ze szczegĂłlnym uwzglÄdnieniem stosunkĂłw pomorsko-ĆlÄ
skch".
2783:
793:
3959:
1787:. Control over the electoral vote of Brandenburg would help assure the Luxembourgs of election to the imperial throne, as they already held the vote of
3484:
1973:, or electoral march, and his appointment as Archchamberlain of the Holy Roman Empire occurred on 18 April 1417, also during the Council of Constance.
2253:. The feudal designation of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ended with the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, which made the Hohenzollerns
3157:
2471:
Ceiling painting (detail: female allegory with wreath of grain ears and the Brandenburg eagle), oil on canvas, 1751 (destroyed in World War II)
1729:
Louis the Roman forced the False Waldemar to renounce his claims to Brandenburg and succeeded in establishing the Margraves of Brandenburg as
3477:
1005:
857:
3109:
1180:
government through bishoprics and marches came nearly to a standstill for approximately 150 years, even though the bishopric was retained.
2764:
2029:
3660:
2226:
sovereign states, and only acknowledged the emperor's overlordship over them in a formal way. Thus, Brandenburg came to be treated as
3964:
2143:
1699:
1495:
17:
2477:
1443:. The Ascanians pursued a policy of expanding to the east and the northeast with the goal of connecting their territories through
1838:, which it previously lost to Brandenburg in the 13th century, however in the same year the Luxembourgs pawned the region to the
760:
have only minor extensions into Brandenburg. The approximately 230 km-long range of hills in the Mark's south begins in the
149:
3974:
2037:
1981:
1759:). When Louis the Roman died in 1365, Otto took over the rule of Brandenburg, although he quickly neglected the march. He sold
3772:
3548:
2713:
2135:
1861:. Electoral Brandenburg is striped, indicating that its ruler was a Calvinist, while most of his subjects remained Lutheran.
424:
3420:
1985:
1332:, consisting merely of the Havelland and Zauche regions. In the following 150 years the Ascanians succeeded in winning the
624:
2068:. These territories, which were more than 100 kilometers from the borders of Brandenburg, formed the nucleus of the later
3949:
2210:, was allowed to elevate Prussia to the status of a kingdom. On 18 January 1701, Frederick crowned himself Frederick I,
1936:
1209:. The disputed eastern border continued between the Hevelli and the Sprewane, recognized as the Havel-Nuthe line. Prince
589:
1259:. From 1123 to 1125 Albert developed contacts with Pribislav, who served as the godfather for the Ascanian's first son,
677:, lies in present-day eastern Germany and western Poland. Geographically it encompassed the majority of the present-day
114:
2337:
abolished in 1947 after the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II; the Gau March of Brandenburg was replaced with the
2115:
1963:
on 20 March 1414. Frederick was officially recognized as Margrave and Prince-elector Frederick I of Brandenburg at the
868:, the lower Spree Valley, and the Havel Valley. Between these valleys rise a series of hills and plateaus, such as the
3607:
2694:
2165:
2099:
1555:
1488:
1361:
1288:
1233:
3929:
1743:(literally "electoral principality" or "electorate") of the Holy Roman Empire and had a vote in the election of the
3102:
1460:
278:
1367:
Because of the sandy soil prevalent in Brandenburg, the agriculturally meager principality was denigrated as "the
1133:
were established at the beginning of the tenth century (in 928 and 948, respectively). They were suffragan to the
2641:
Dzieje KrzyĆŒakĂłw oraz ich stosunki z PolskÄ
, LitwÄ
i Prussami, poprzedzone rysem dziejĂłw wojen krzyĆŒowych. Tom II
2003:
1523:
1456:
1440:
1264:
1260:
1122:(Havolane or Stodorans), started to move into the Brandenburg area. They intermarried with Saxons and Bohemians.
796:). The northern depression, lying almost directly south of the Baltic uplands, is defined by the lowlands of the
438:
66:
3984:
3925:
3821:
2234:
1831:
1703:
1463:
in 1231. The middle of the 13th century was a time of important developments for the Ascanian House, as it won
2146:, the "Great Elector", developed Brandenburg-Prussia into a major power. The state constructed Brandenburg's
2040:, who promptly claimed the inheritance and sent troops to take hold of some of John William's holdings in the
3212:
2496:
2424:
2203:
2199:
1928:
1543:
1997:
1452:
2269:. The Prussian kings, however, continued to use the title "Margrave of Brandenburg" in their formal style.
1666:
3040:
1682:
3979:
3556:
3095:
999:
702:
612:, which became a leading German state during the 18th century. Although the electors' highest title was "
166:
120:
3568:
3712:
2998:
2717:
2353:
1149:
1021:
644:
3026:
3862:
3858:
3728:
3700:
3303:
3142:
2939:
1583:
1328:
The territorial limits of the original margraviate differed from the area of the current Bundesland
3813:
3691:
3597:
3469:
3445:
2459:
Berlin Bear with Brandenburg coat of arms, late 18th / Early 19th Century; MĂ€rkisches Museum Berlin
2416:
2396:
2327:
2161:
2139:
2033:
1670:
1356:("New March") east of the Oder was acquired gradually through purchases, marriages, and aid to the
1190:
757:
593:
177:
1287:, a possible relative of Pribislav and a claim-holder to Brandenburg, controlled Brandenburg with
3759:
3510:
3268:
2349:
2319:
2262:
2242:
2193:
1783:
After the middle of the 14th century, Emperor Charles IV attempted to secure Brandenburg for the
1719:
1480:
1313:
1296:
1263:, and gave the boy the Zauche region as a christening present in 1134. In the same year, Emperor
1252:
636:
451:
246:
234:
1702:. The pretender was recognized as Margrave of Brandenburg on 2 October 1348 by the new emperor,
784:. The southern depression is generally to the north of this ridge and appears strikingly in the
3834:
3792:
3592:
3298:
3192:
3012:
2277:
2207:
2014:
1134:
1130:
1126:
739:
640:
3764:
3627:
907:
in the uplands and plateaus and, when farmed appropriately, can be agriculturally productive.
3898:
3894:
3847:
3683:
3364:
3355:
3293:
2974:
2960:
2878:
2323:
2298:
1959:. Some nobles had their property confiscated, and the Brandenburg estates gave allegiance at
1944:
1940:
1772:
1591:
1080:
1043:
884:(115 m, 377 ft), the Havelberge (97 m, 318 ft), and the Rauen Hills near
585:
215:
106:
1992:, setting an example for the other towns of Brandenburg. He reacquired the Neumark from the
1499:
1316:
of then-fragmented Poland. Territories annexed by Brandenburg from Poland marked in yellow (
3867:
3777:
3741:
3572:
3536:
3416:
3389:
3147:
2928:
2913:
2388:
2250:
2127:
2061:
2045:
1964:
1408:
1169:
652:
3374:
1826:
The power of the Luxembourgs in Brandenburg declined during the reign of Charles's nephew
1595:
73:
8:
3825:
3805:
3787:
3561:
3552:
3174:
3068:
3054:
2864:
2850:
2123:
2111:
2091:
2081:
1784:
1734:
1707:
1639:
1519:
1416:
1031:
1017:
605:
554:
327:
102:
80:
1284:
1210:
3902:
3882:
3874:
3782:
3748:
3619:
3584:
3577:
3428:
3379:
3261:
3229:
3125:
2902:
2219:
2189:
2169:
2007:
1788:
1744:
1715:
1710:, but was exposed as a fraud after a peace between the Wittelsbachs and Luxembourgs at
1472:
1195:) in 1127. During Pribislav's reign, in which he cultivated close connections with the
1086:
1037:
761:
698:
609:
558:
340:
1066:
639:
in 1815. The Hohenzollern Kingdom of Prussia was the primary driving force behind the
3917:
3676:
3671:
3655:
3647:
3640:
3635:
3460:
3437:
3424:
3384:
3328:
3239:
3234:
3120:
2749:
2690:
2340:
2131:
1619:
1511:
1372:
1177:
735:
710:
678:
628:
514:
354:
201:
153:
137:
2756:
3719:
3541:
3518:
3333:
3256:
2429:
2361:
2177:
2147:
2103:
1993:
1839:
1827:
1808:
1764:
1686:
1579:
1351:
1145:
1011:
952:
694:
601:
96:
3207:
1308:
3890:
3528:
3433:
3408:
3394:
3197:
2509:
2309:
2266:
2211:
2049:
1948:
1899:
1507:
1479:
from then-fragmented Poland and subsequently conquered northwestern parts of the
1273:
1237:
1199:, Germans succeeded in binding to the Holy Roman Empire the Havolane region from
1196:
1184:
877:
873:
865:
856:. From southeast to northwest, this plateau is intersected by the lowland of the
632:
613:
265:
47:
1850:
1451:. This policy brought them into conflict with the Kingdom of Denmark. After the
885:
3797:
3532:
3412:
3219:
3134:
2813:
2373:
2215:
2107:
2069:
1914:
1752:
1730:
1691:
1674:
1515:
1404:
1403:. After the capture of territory along the Elbe and Havel Rivers in the 1160s,
1321:
1268:
1153:
975:
939:
753:
550:
529:
525:
518:
396:
314:
157:
1960:
1818:
1535:
1431:
3943:
3707:
3369:
3278:
3251:
3202:
3166:
2273:
2246:
2238:
2057:
1955:
family opposed his appointment, but Frederick overpowered these knights with
1791:. Charles succeeded in purchasing Brandenburg from Margrave Otto for 500,000
1760:
1723:
1571:
1538:
castellany, annexed from Greater Poland by Brandenburg in 1297, and northern
1357:
1025:
987:
924:
900:
849:
706:
690:
648:
2172:
in 1657. The territories of the Hohenzollerns were opened to immigration by
1980:
possessions in 1425. He granted governance of Brandenburg to his eldest son
1690:
the death of Emperor Louis IV in 1347, the margrave was confronted with the
3829:
3695:
3315:
2315:
2168:. The electors succeeded in acquiring full sovereignty over Prussia in the
1606:
1598:
in 1322â1323, a peace between the two parties was signed in December 1323.
1419:
in Brandenburg. Initially, the Ascanians protected the country by settling
826:
656:
517:
from 1157 to 1815 that played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and
510:
84:
3360:
2391:
in 1990. The GDR districts were dissolved and replaced with the state of
2102:, died without a son in 1618, his son-in-law John Sigismund inherited the
1594:
of Ć»agaĆ. After heavy fights between Pomerania and Saxe-Wittenberg around
1060:
225:
Elector was Roman Catholic until 1539, then Lutheran until 1613, and then
3723:
3288:
3273:
2392:
2381:
2377:
2289:
2044:. Unfortunately for John Sigismund, this effort became tied up with the
2018:
1662:
1649:
1539:
1503:
1476:
1376:
1329:
1317:
1246:
1229:
1163:
1096:
948:
801:
789:
682:
219:
1669:, an uncle of Henry II, formally granted Brandenburg to his oldest son,
1578:
in the west. In 1320, a large portion of the Lubusz Land passed to Duke
881:
3283:
2065:
1984:, while retaining the electoral dignity for himself. The next elector,
1877:
1559:
1448:
1345:
1344:
regions east of the Havel and Nuthe, thereby extending the Mark to the
1305:) on 3 October 1157, thereby beginning the Margraviate of Brandenburg.
1138:
965:
861:
853:
820:
196:
162:
1947:, was granted hereditary control over Brandenburg in 1411. Rebellious
1767:
dynasty, to Emperor Charles IV in 1367. A year later he lost the town
1587:
1498:
in 1319 sparked a conflict between the neighbouring principalities of
1394:
960:
781:
2053:
2041:
2022:
1977:
1956:
1932:
1868:
1835:
1771:, annexed from Greater Poland by Brandenburg in 1296, to Polish King
1678:
1575:
1551:
1527:
1468:
1444:
1400:
1333:
840:
Between these two depressions is a low plateau that extends from the
813:
805:
785:
773:
226:
3499:
841:
3323:
3246:
3224:
2369:
2173:
1895:
1711:
1695:
1658:
1629:
1547:
1464:
1459:
staked his claim to Pomerania, receiving it as a fief from Emperor
1256:
1225:
1115:
816:
769:
724:, glacial valleys, and numerous lakes. The territory is known as a
546:
239:
3184:
1989:
1768:
797:
3667:
3501:
2736:
2365:
2357:
2326:
lost all practical relevancy. The region was administered as the
1952:
1886:
1798:
1792:
1412:
1387:("Old March", a later name for the original Northern March), the
1382:
1368:
1277:
1206:
1119:
1076:
731:
721:
717:
686:
660:
479:
2272:
Brandenburg, along with the rest of Prussia, became part of the
2086:
1976:
Frederick made Berlin his residence, although he retired to his
1747:. The Margrave of Brandenburg also held the ceremonial title of
1435:
Brandenburg until the extinction of the Ascanian dynasty in 1320
765:
3602:
2293:
2157:
1567:
1563:
1531:
1424:
1420:
1341:
1337:
1217:) of the Sprewane lived in Köpenick east of the dividing line.
1173:
1092:
1072:
981:
869:
845:
705:). Parts of the present-day federal state Brandenburg, such as
671:
The territory of the former margraviate, commonly known as the
659:
of 1871â1945, and as such a direct ancestor of the present-day
617:
597:
484:
410:
182:
1582:, who tried to reclaim it as a region lost by his grandfather
1804:
1168:. However, the march and the bishoprics were overthrown by a
1148:
started governing in the region in 928â929, allowing Emperor
1111:
1108:
809:
777:
532:
2554:
2230:
part of the Prussian kingdom rather than a separate entity.
616:", their power base remained in Brandenburg and its capital
3347:
3343:
2218:, the territories of the Hohenzollerns became known as the
1807:, he attached (but did not incorporate) Brandenburg to the
1714:. In 1351 Louis gave the Mark to his younger half-brothers
1614:
1484:
1388:
1157:
904:
896:
892:
749:
collection, the riverbanks are now mostly drained and dry.
746:
2571:
2569:
1681:. Bavarian forces gradually seized the margraviate. King
535:. It derived one of its names from this inheritance, the
2356:. In 1952 the region was divided among the districts of
1834:, by which Poland was to purchase and reincorporate the
1483:
in the late 13th century, moving the border east of the
2566:
1590:
and the MiÄdzyrzecz castellany were controlled by Duke
1439:
After Albert's death in 1170, his son succeeded him as
2586:
2584:
1187:
of the Hevelli came to power at the castle of Brenna (
1830:. In 1402, the Luxembourgs reached an agreement with
1236:, flanked by Bishop Wigger of Brandenburg and Bishop
2620:
2608:
2596:
2406:
2348:
Brandenburg west of the OderâNeisse line lay in the
1685:
of Poland actively joined the ongoing war, invading
588:
came to the throne of Brandenburg in 1415. In 1417,
2689:. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. p. 326.
2581:
1471:(1250), although the former was later lost to the
2387:This division of Brandenburg continued until the
2021:since, although some later electors converted to
1967:in 1415. Frederick's formal investiture with the
3941:
1176:alliance in the middle of the 11th century, the
3955:1806 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
557:, allowing them to vote in the election of the
2006:with the Duchy of Pomerania were ended by the
1137:; the Bishopric of Brandenburg reached to the
880:(157 m, 515 ft), the MĂŒggelberge in
623:The Margraviate of Brandenburg ended with the
561:. The state thus became additionally known as
3970:1150s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
3485:
3103:
2791:
2448:Based on some original preserved depictions:
2302:Coat of arms of Brandenburg from 1945 to 1952
2261:sovereigns over it. It was replaced with the
2017:in 1539. The population has remained largely
1377:invited colonists to settle the new territory
1302:Adelbertus Dei gratia marchio in Brandenborch
1255:began the expansionary eastern policy of the
214:Dominant confession among the population was
2765:
2747:
2734:
2338:
2307:
2151:
1968:
1816:
1796:
1738:
1491:, the last Ascanian margrave, died in 1320.
1392:
1380:
1349:
1244:
1200:
1188:
1161:
725:
672:
576:
570:
540:
39:
2816:of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356 to 1806
1300:
891:The region is predominantly marked by dry,
3960:States and territories established in 1157
3492:
3478:
3110:
3096:
2798:
2784:
2142:. In the second half of the 17th century,
2032:died childless in 1609. His eldest niece,
130:
27:Holy Roman Empire principality (1157â1806)
2684:
2514:The Social Background of the Reformation.
888:(112 to 152 m, 367 to 499 ft).
2638:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2297:
2085:
2030:John William, Duke of JĂŒlich-Cleves-Berg
1849:
1613:
1605:
1430:
1307:
1224:
923:
825:
2737:Hochmittelalter in der Mark Brandenburg
2483:Museum Senftenberg (Senftenberg Castle)
903:plants, or heath. However, the soil is
14:
3942:
2767:Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg
2665:
2656:
2647:
2643:(in Polish). Warszawa. pp. 59â60.
2156:), leading to short-lived colonies at
2130:in 1648, Brandenburg-Prussia acquired
2106:. He then ruled both territories in a
2075:
2038:John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg
1988:, forced the submission of Berlin and
1763:, which he had already pledged to the
1243:During the second phase of the German
734:because it was a border county of the
136:Margraviate of Brandenburg within the
3473:
3091:
2779:
2706:ĆlÄ
ski Kwartalnik Historyczny SobĂłtka
2703:
2626:
2614:
2602:
2590:
2575:
2560:
2540:
2528:
2519:
2237:, the "Soldier-King", modernized the
2183:
2118:, to which the electors paid homage.
1312:19th-century map of the 13th-century
844:area westward to Brandenburg through
3128:(1512â1806) of the Holy Roman Empire
928:Slavic territories pre-Brandenburg,
2757:Historical map of Brandenburg, 1789
2245:achieved glory and infamy with the
1722:in exchange for the sole rule over
1574:of Brunswick-LĂŒneburg captured the
1028:(Poland 1454/1466 â 1772)
895:soil, wide stretches of which have
647:later transformed in 1871 into the
631:in 1806. It was replaced after the
24:
1610:Coat of arms as simple Margraviate
25:
3996:
2725:
2100:Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia
1737:. Brandenburg therefore became a
1411:settlers from flooded regions in
919:
716:The region was formed during the
524:Brandenburg developed out of the
3965:Marches of the Holy Roman Empire
3156:
3119:
3063:
3049:
3035:
3021:
3007:
2993:
2969:
2955:
2934:
2923:
2908:
2897:
2873:
2859:
2845:
2818:
2807:
2714:ZakĆad Narodowy im. OssoliĆskich
2476:
2464:
2452:
2409:
2276:in 1871 during the Prussian-led
1845:
1475:. Also around 1250 it took over
964:
959:
776:, then to the northwest through
549:were established as prestigious
528:founded in the territory of the
456:
431:
417:
403:
389:
113:
72:
65:
36:March/Margraviate of Brandenburg
2750:Der Brandenburger Landstreicher
2632:
2170:treaties of Wehlau and Bromberg
1823:to be the electoral residence.
1601:
1441:Otto I, Margrave of Brandenburg
780:, and ends in the bare and dry
439:Prince-Bishopric of Brandenburg
41:Mark/Markgrafschaft Brandenburg
2503:
2497:Die kurbrandenburgische Flotte
2489:
2442:
2283:
2235:Frederick William I of Prussia
2116:PolishâLithuanian Commonwealth
1778:
1749:Arch-Chamberlain of the Empire
1415:used their expertise to build
990:(pre â 13th century)
984:(983 â 12th century)
697:(now divided between Poland's
13:
1:
3975:1157 establishments in Europe
3500:Territories and provinces of
2678:
2425:List of rulers of Brandenburg
2204:War of the Spanish Succession
2198:In return for aiding Emperor
1855:
1379:, many of whom came from the
1267:named Albert margrave of the
929:
831:
709:and territory which had been
88:
2435:
1854:Religion in Central Europe,
1220:
1172:; until the collapse of the
864:below the confluence of the
703:West Pomeranian Voivodeships
666:
7:
2402:
2376:Berlin was divided between
2206:, Frederick William's son,
1556:Rudolf I of Saxe-Wittenberg
661:Federal Republic of Germany
608:was the predecessor of the
10:
4001:
3950:Margraviate of Brandenburg
3524:Margraviate of Brandenburg
2354:German Democratic Republic
2287:
2187:
2153:Kurbrandenburgische Marine
2110:which came to be known as
2079:
2000:and began its rebuilding.
1998:Treaties of Cölln and Mewe
1453:Battle of Bornhöved (1227)
1320:) and green (northwestern
1022:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
994:Margraviate of Brandenburg
937:
914:
645:North German Confederation
507:Markgrafschaft Brandenburg
497:Margraviate of Brandenburg
121:Coat of arms as Electorate
3914:
3845:
3765:Principality of NeuchĂątel
3739:
3618:
3509:
3421:Lower RhenishâWestphalian
3405:
3342:
3314:
3183:
3165:
3154:
3133:
2989:Added in the 19th century
2951:Added in the 17th century
2828:
2333:The state of Prussia was
2013:Brandenburg accepted the
1937:Frederick VI of Nuremberg
1931:as Holy Roman Emperor at
1927:In return for supporting
1698:of the deceased Margrave
1570:, i.e. the central part,
1524:Wartislaw IV of Pomerania
1201:
1189:
1160:in 936 during the German
830:Province of Brandenburg,
643:. The Prussian-dominated
578:KurfĂŒrstentum Brandenburg
567:Electorate of Brandenburg
472:
368:
364:
352:âą Dissolution of the
350:
337:
324:
311:
301:
297:
289:
285:
272:
259:
255:
245:
233:
210:
189:
173:
145:
129:
61:
56:
34:
18:Electorate of Brandenburg
2770:by Theodor Fontane, 1899
2563:, pp. 476â477, 481.
2417:Holy Roman Empire portal
2397:Brandenburg an der Havel
2352:; it became part of the
2328:Gau March of Brandenburg
2162:Brandenburger Gold Coast
2140:Treaty of Stettin (1653)
2034:Anna, Duchess of Prussia
2010:(1448, 1472, and 1479).
1757:Archi-Camerarius Imperii
1202:Brandenburg an der Havel
1191:Brandenburg an der Havel
758:Mecklenburg Lake Plateau
594:Brandenburg an der Havel
178:Brandenburg an der Havel
3456:Unencircled territories
2639:Rogalski, Leon (1846).
2320:Province of Brandenburg
2263:Province of Brandenburg
2194:Province of Brandenburg
1544:Henry II of Mecklenburg
1481:Duchy of Greater Poland
1314:Duchy of Greater Poland
1297:Margrave of Brandenburg
1170:Slavic rebellion in 983
1107:By the eighth century,
1046:(1918 â 1947)
1040:(1701 â 1918)
1034:(1618 â 1701)
1014:(1525 â 1618)
1008:(1356 â 1806)
1002:(1224 â 1525)
720:, and characterized by
689:(the northern third of
637:Province of Brandenburg
592:moved its capital from
452:Province of Brandenburg
2766:
2748:
2741:at Brandenburg1260.de.
2735:
2718:Polskiej Akademii Nauk
2350:Soviet occupation zone
2339:
2318:during the 1930s, the
2308:
2303:
2278:unification of Germany
2265:in 1815 following the
2152:
2095:
2015:Protestant Reformation
1969:
1924:
1817:
1797:
1756:
1739:
1654:
1611:
1584:BolesĆaw II the Horned
1550:in the north-west and
1436:
1393:
1391:, Flanders (hence the
1381:
1350:
1325:
1301:
1245:
1240:
1162:
1135:Archbishopric of Mainz
1099:(1947â1952, from 1990)
1069:(1920â1939, from 1945)
1026:Royal (Polish) Prussia
1006:Elector of Brandenburg
935:
876:, the Semmelberg near
837:
740:Margraviate of Meissen
726:
673:
641:unification of Germany
577:
571:
541:
506:
218:until the 1530s, then
40:
3985:Former principalities
2324:Free State of Prussia
2301:
2136:Province of Pomerania
2089:
1945:House of Hohenzollern
1907: Roman Catholics
1853:
1769:Deutsch Krone (WaĆcz)
1617:
1609:
1592:Henry IV the Faithful
1542:, in the north-east,
1434:
1311:
1228:
1081:Recovered Territories
1044:Free State of Prussia
978:(965 â 983)
927:
829:
768:) and continues past
586:House of Hohenzollern
563:Electoral Brandenburg
279:Frederick William III
190:Common languages
3778:Grand Duchy of Posen
2687:A History of Prussia
2389:German reunification
2251:Partitions of Poland
2056:and the Counties of
2008:treaties of Prenzlau
1965:Council of Constance
1683:WĆadysĆaw I Ćokietek
1657:Having defeated the
1526:took control of the
808:, the valley of the
537:March of Brandenburg
3848:Territorial reforms
3806:Province of Prussia
3432:Circles est. 1512:
3407:Circles est. 1500:
2578:, pp. 485â486.
2243:Frederick the Great
2124:Peace of Westphalia
2112:Brandenburg-Prussia
2092:Brandenburg-Prussia
2082:Brandenburg-Prussia
2076:Brandenburg-Prussia
1785:House of Luxembourg
1735:Golden Bull of 1356
1622:from 1273 to 1378:
1032:Brandenburg-Prussia
1018:Malbork Voivodeship
982:Lutician federation
606:Brandenburg-Prussia
555:Golden Bull of 1356
425:Brandenburg-KĂŒstrin
411:Lutician federation
328:Brandenburg-Prussia
303:âą Established
3980:Upper Saxon Circle
3930:JĂŒlich-Cleves-Berg
3922:
3883:Posen-West Prussia
3822:Schleswig-Holstein
3453:
3449:
3126:Upper Saxon Circle
2834:
2685:H.W. Koch (1978).
2304:
2220:Kingdom of Prussia
2190:Kingdom of Prussia
2184:Kingdom of Prussia
2096:
2070:Prussian Rhineland
2036:, was the wife of
1982:John the Alchemist
1925:
1795:in 1373 and, at a
1745:Holy Roman Emperor
1718:(the "Roman") and
1655:
1612:
1500:Brunswick-LĂŒneburg
1473:Duchy of Pomerania
1465:Stettin (Szczecin)
1437:
1326:
1241:
1125:The Bishoprics of
1087:Kaliningrad Oblast
1038:Kingdom of Prussia
936:
846:Torzym (Sternberg)
838:
794:Plaue an der Havel
770:Trzebiel (Triebel)
762:Lusatian Highlands
635:with the Prussian
614:King in/of Prussia
610:Kingdom of Prussia
559:Holy Roman Emperor
341:Kingdom of Prussia
105:1660â1750 used by
3937:
3936:
3918:Province of Posen
3768:(1814–1848)
3656:Western Pomerania
3648:Minden-Ravensberg
3549:Farther Pomerania
3467:
3466:
3461:Ernestine duchies
3446:Electoral Rhenish
3375:Schönburg (Saale)
3329:Quedlinburg Abbey
3225:Hatzfeld-Gleichen
3085:
3084:
3080:
3079:
2919:(until 1777)
2399:on 23 June 2006.
2144:Frederick William
2132:Farther Pomerania
2128:Thirty Years' War
2046:Thirty Years' War
1900:Bohemian Brethren
1773:Casimir the Great
1620:Holy Roman Empire
1596:Kostrzyn nad OdrÄ
1512:Pomerania-Wolgast
1399:region), and the
1373:Holy Roman Empire
1178:Holy Roman Empire
1152:to establish the
1105:
1104:
852:plateau, and the
736:Holy Roman Empire
653:legal predecessor
629:Holy Roman Empire
515:Holy Roman Empire
493:
492:
468:
467:
464:
463:
444:
443:
355:Holy Roman Empire
313:âą Raised to
274:âą 1797â1815
261:âą 1157â1170
154:Holy Roman Empire
138:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
3992:
3923:
3907:
3887:
3879:
3871:
3838:
3818:
3810:
3802:
3769:
3752:
3751:
3742:Post-Congress of
3732:
3720:New East Prussia
3716:
3704:
3688:
3680:
3664:
3652:
3644:
3632:
3589:
3581:
3565:
3545:
3519:Duchy of Prussia
3494:
3487:
3480:
3471:
3470:
3454:
3450:
3334:Walkenried Abbey
3160:
3124:
3123:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3089:
3088:
3074:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2831:
2830:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2777:
2776:
2769:
2763:
2753:
2746:
2740:
2733:
2721:
2700:
2672:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2579:
2573:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2538:
2535:
2526:
2523:
2517:
2507:
2501:
2493:
2487:
2480:
2468:
2456:
2446:
2430:Prussian virtues
2419:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2362:Frankfurt (Oder)
2344:
2314:of provinces by
2313:
2241:, while his son
2178:Edict of Potsdam
2176:refugees by the
2155:
2134:and made it the
2104:Duchy of Prussia
2004:Years of warfare
1994:Teutonic Knights
1972:
1921:
1912:
1906:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1840:Teutonic Knights
1828:Jobst of Moravia
1822:
1809:Crown of Bohemia
1802:
1742:
1687:Frankfurt (Oder)
1647:
1637:
1627:
1580:Henry I of Jawor
1496:Magrave Waldemar
1398:
1386:
1355:
1304:
1292:for four years.
1285:Jaxa of Köpenick
1250:
1211:Jaxa of Köpenick
1204:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1167:
1146:Henry the Fowler
1063:area (from 1918)
1012:Duchy of Prussia
968:
963:
944:
943:
934:
931:
836:
833:
752:The Northern or
729:
685:and Berlin, the
676:
674:Mark Brandenburg
604:. The resulting
602:Duchy of Prussia
580:
574:
544:
542:Mark Brandenburg
504:
460:
459:
448:
447:
435:
434:
421:
420:
407:
406:
393:
392:
386:
385:
370:
369:
320:25 December 1356
202:LĂŒneburg Wendish
158:Imperial elector
134:
117:
94:
93:
90:
76:
69:
51:
43:
32:
31:
21:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3921:
3910:
3905:
3891:Halle-Merseburg
3885:
3877:
3865:
3852:
3849:
3841:
3832:
3816:
3808:
3800:
3767:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3735:
3726:
3710:
3698:
3686:
3674:
3658:
3650:
3638:
3630:
3614:
3587:
3575:
3569:LauenburgâBĂŒtow
3559:
3539:
3505:
3498:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3452:
3448:
3431:
3401:
3338:
3310:
3179:
3161:
3152:
3129:
3118:
3116:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2944:
2943:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2824:
2819:
2817:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2761:
2744:
2731:
2728:
2697:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2637:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2567:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2541:
2536:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2510:Preserved Smith
2508:
2504:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2472:
2469:
2460:
2457:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2415:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2310:Gleichschaltung
2296:
2288:Main articles:
2286:
2267:Napoleonic Wars
2212:King in Prussia
2196:
2188:Main articles:
2186:
2084:
2078:
2050:Duchy of Cleves
1949:landed nobility
1923:
1919:
1917:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1891:
1889:
1882:
1880:
1873:
1871:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1781:
1731:prince-electors
1653:
1645:
1643:
1635:
1633:
1625:
1623:
1604:
1508:Saxe-Wittenberg
1253:Albert the Bear
1238:Otto of Bamberg
1234:Albert the Bear
1223:
1197:German nobility
1156:under Margrave
1067:KlaipÄda Region
942:
932:
922:
917:
878:Bad Freienwalde
866:Lusatian Neisse
834:
669:
633:Napoleonic Wars
551:prince-electors
500:
489:
457:
432:
418:
404:
390:
357:
353:
346:18 January 1701
343:
330:
317:
304:
275:
266:Albert the Bear
262:
224:
223:
206:
181:
161:
156:
141:
125:
124:
123:
118:
110:
109:
100:
97:L. Verschuier's
91:
87:
77:
70:
52:
45:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3998:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3935:
3934:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3888:
3880:
3875:Greater Berlin
3872:
3855:
3853:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3819:
3811:
3803:
3798:Rhine Province
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3762:
3756:
3754:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3717:
3705:
3689:
3681:
3665:
3653:
3645:
3633:
3624:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3590:
3582:
3566:
3546:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3474:
3465:
3464:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3358:
3352:
3350:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3269:Saxe-Altenburg
3266:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3249:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3237:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3189:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3167:Ecclesiastical
3163:
3162:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3115:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3092:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3077:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2772:at Lexikus.de.
2759:
2754:
2742:
2727:
2726:External links
2724:
2723:
2722:
2716:, Wydawnictwo
2712:(4). WrocĆaw:
2701:
2695:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2664:
2655:
2646:
2631:
2629:, p. 494.
2619:
2617:, p. 493.
2607:
2605:, p. 492.
2595:
2593:, p. 489.
2580:
2565:
2553:
2539:
2527:
2518:
2516:1920. Page 17.
2502:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2451:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2404:
2401:
2374:Neubrandenburg
2285:
2282:
2216:prince-elector
2185:
2182:
2108:personal union
2080:Main article:
2077:
2074:
1918:
1915:Greek Orthodox
1909:
1903:
1890:
1881:
1872:
1863:
1847:
1844:
1780:
1777:
1692:False Waldemar
1675:Pope John XXII
1644:
1634:
1624:
1603:
1600:
1554:in the north,
1322:Greater Poland
1269:Northern March
1222:
1219:
1215:Jaxa de Copnic
1154:Northern March
1114:, such as the
1103:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1090:
1084:
1070:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1015:
1009:
1003:
1000:Teutonic Order
997:
991:
985:
979:
976:Northern March
970:
969:
956:
955:
940:Northern March
938:Main article:
921:
920:Northern March
918:
916:
913:
754:Baltic Uplands
668:
665:
655:of the united
572:Kurbrandenburg
545:). Its ruling
526:Northern March
519:Central Europe
509:) was a major
491:
490:
488:
487:
482:
476:
474:
470:
469:
466:
465:
462:
461:
454:
445:
442:
441:
436:
428:
427:
422:
414:
413:
408:
400:
399:
397:Northern March
394:
382:
381:
376:
366:
365:
362:
361:
358:
351:
348:
347:
344:
338:
335:
334:
333:27 August 1618
331:
325:
322:
321:
318:
312:
309:
308:
307:3 October 1157
305:
302:
299:
298:
295:
294:
291:
287:
286:
283:
282:
276:
273:
270:
269:
263:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
249:
243:
242:
237:
231:
230:
216:Roman Catholic
212:
208:
207:
205:
204:
199:
193:
191:
187:
186:
175:
171:
170:
167:Bohemian Crown
147:
143:
142:
135:
127:
126:
119:
112:
111:
78:
71:
64:
63:
62:
59:
58:
54:
53:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3997:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3931:
3927:
3919:
3913:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3884:
3881:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3864:
3863:Upper Silesia
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3844:
3836:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3815:
3812:
3807:
3804:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3738:
3730:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3709:
3708:South Prussia
3706:
3702:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3654:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3634:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3495:
3490:
3488:
3483:
3481:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3462:
3457:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3429:(Lower) Saxon
3426:
3422:
3418:
3417:Upper Rhenish
3414:
3410:
3404:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3305:
3304:Sondershausen
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:Saxe-Eisenach
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3113:
3108:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3070:
3056:
3042:
3028:
3014:
3000:
2990:
2984:
2976:
2962:
2952:
2946:
2941:
2930:
2915:
2904:
2894:
2888:
2880:
2866:
2852:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2815:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2789:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2771:
2768:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2730:
2729:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2708:(in Polish).
2707:
2702:
2698:
2696:0-88029-158-3
2692:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2623:
2616:
2611:
2604:
2599:
2592:
2587:
2585:
2577:
2572:
2570:
2562:
2557:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2534:
2532:
2522:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2499:
2498:
2492:
2479:
2474:
2467:
2462:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2407:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2345:Brandenburg.
2343:
2342:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2274:German Empire
2270:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2247:Silesian Wars
2244:
2240:
2239:Prussian Army
2236:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2208:Frederick III
2205:
2201:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1922: Muslims
1916:
1901:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1852:
1846:Hohenzollerns
1843:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1761:Lower Lusatia
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1740:KurfĂŒrstentum
1736:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1724:Upper Bavaria
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1651:
1641:
1631:
1621:
1616:
1608:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1572:Otto the Mild
1569:
1565:
1561:
1558:captured the
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1494:The death of
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1423:in villages;
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1358:Piast dynasty
1354:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
988:Old Prussians
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
973:
972:
971:
967:
962:
958:
957:
954:
950:
946:
945:
941:
926:
912:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
889:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
828:
824:
822:
818:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
750:
748:
743:
741:
737:
733:
728:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
707:Lower Lusatia
704:
700:
696:
692:
691:Saxony-Anhalt
688:
684:
680:
679:German states
675:
664:
662:
658:
654:
651:; it was the
650:
649:German Empire
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
582:
579:
573:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
538:
534:
531:
527:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
498:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
475:
473:Today part of
471:
455:
453:
450:
449:
446:
440:
437:
430:
429:
426:
423:
416:
415:
412:
409:
402:
401:
398:
395:
388:
387:
384:
383:
380:
377:
375:
372:
371:
367:
363:
360:6 August 1815
359:
356:
349:
345:
342:
336:
332:
329:
323:
319:
316:
310:
306:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
277:
271:
267:
264:
258:
254:
250:
248:
244:
241:
238:
236:
232:
228:
221:
217:
213:
209:
203:
200:
198:
195:
194:
192:
188:
184:
179:
176:
172:
168:
164:
159:
155:
151:
148:
144:
139:
133:
128:
122:
116:
108:
107:Hohenzollerns
104:
98:
86:
82:
75:
68:
60:
55:
49:
42:
33:
30:
19:
3830:Hesse-Nassau
3814:Hohenzollern
3696:West Prussia
3523:
3441:
2988:
2950:
2892:
2883:(until 1803)
2869:(until 1803)
2855:(until 1803)
2840:
2709:
2705:
2686:
2671:Koch, p. 30.
2667:
2662:Koch, p. 29.
2658:
2649:
2640:
2634:
2622:
2610:
2598:
2556:
2551:Koch, p. 25.
2537:Koch, p. 24.
2525:Koch, p. 23.
2521:
2505:
2495:
2491:
2444:
2386:
2347:
2334:
2332:
2316:Nazi Germany
2305:
2271:
2258:
2254:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2197:
2166:Saint Thomas
2120:
2097:
2027:
2012:
2002:
1986:Frederick II
1975:
1951:such as the
1926:
1825:
1812:
1782:
1748:
1728:
1656:
1602:Wittelsbachs
1493:
1461:Frederick II
1438:
1366:
1327:
1294:
1282:
1242:
1214:
1182:
1143:
1124:
1106:
993:
909:
890:
886:FĂŒrstenwalde
839:
804:Rivers, the
766:ƻary (Sorau)
751:
744:
715:
670:
657:German Reich
622:
583:
566:
562:
536:
523:
511:Principality
496:
494:
379:Succeeded by
378:
373:
268:(first) 1417
85:naval ensign
29:
3926:Lower Rhine
3809:(1824â1878)
3760:Brandenburg
3724:New Silesia
3684:East Frisia
3557:Halberstadt
3511:Before 1701
3504:(1525â1947)
3442:Upper Saxon
3390:Wernigerode
3365:Klettenberg
3294:Schwarzburg
3289:Saxe-Weimar
3274:Saxe-Coburg
3143:Brandenburg
3135:Electorates
3072:(1803â1806)
3058:(1803â1806)
3044:(1803â1806)
3041:WĂŒrttemberg
3030:(1805â1806)
3016:(1803â1805)
3003:(1803â1806)
2940:Brandenburg
2762:(in German)
2745:(in German)
2732:(in German)
2653:Koch, p. 28
2393:Brandenburg
2382:West Berlin
2378:East Berlin
2306:During the
2290:Brandenburg
2284:Later years
2257:as well as
2202:during the
2126:ending the
2094:, 1600â1795
1961:TangermĂŒnde
1859: 1618
1819:TangermĂŒnde
1779:Luxembourgs
1663:Wittelsbach
1650:Wittelsbach
1540:Lubusz Land
1536:MiÄdzyrzecz
1504:Mecklenburg
1477:Lubusz Land
1455:, Margrave
1330:Brandenburg
1318:Lubusz Land
1265:Lothair III
1247:Ostsiedlung
1230:Siegesallee
1164:Ostsiedlung
1127:Brandenburg
1097:Brandenburg
1089:(from 1945)
1083:(from 1945)
996:(1157â1618)
949:Brandenburg
947:History of
933: 1150
858:Leniwa Obra
835: 1905
790:Baruth/Mark
693:), and the
683:Brandenburg
625:dissolution
590:Frederick I
374:Preceded by
185:(1417â1815)
180:(1157â1417)
169:(1373â1415)
160:(1356â1806)
92: 1684
3944:Categories
3850:after 1918
3793:Westphalia
3620:After 1701
3608:St. Thomas
3598:Gold Coast
3537:Ravensberg
3459:See also:
3438:Burgundian
3425:Franconian
3299:Rudolstadt
3284:Saxe-Gotha
2999:Regensburg
2914:Palatinate
2679:References
2627:Rymar 1979
2615:Rymar 1979
2603:Rymar 1979
2591:Rymar 1979
2576:Rymar 1979
2561:Rymar 1979
2148:first navy
2090:Growth of
2066:Westphalia
2062:Ravensberg
1978:Franconian
1887:Zwinglians
1878:Calvinists
1708:Luxembourg
1704:Charles IV
1640:Luxembourg
1560:Mittelmark
1534:Land, the
1449:Baltic Sea
1375:". Albert
1346:Oder River
1232:statue of
1139:Baltic Sea
899:trees and
862:Oder River
854:Mittelmark
821:Oder River
819:, and the
738:(see also
315:Electorate
235:Government
197:Low German
163:Crown land
95:(based on
3924:From the
3899:Kurhessen
3895:Magdeburg
3773:Pomerania
3749:(1814â15)
3628:NeuchĂątel
3585:Magdeburg
3356:Hohnstein
3230:Pomerania
2841:Spiritual
2436:Footnotes
2200:Leopold I
2180:in 1685.
2054:Rhineland
2042:Rhineland
2023:Calvinism
1957:artillery
1935:in 1410,
1933:Frankfurt
1929:Sigismund
1869:Lutherans
1836:New March
1679:interdict
1659:Habsburgs
1576:Old March
1552:Uckermark
1546:captured
1528:New March
1469:Uckermark
1445:Pomerania
1401:Rhineland
1334:Uckermark
1257:Ascanians
1221:Ascanians
1185:Pribislav
1174:Liutizian
1131:Havelberg
1061:DziaĆdowo
814:Havelland
806:Oderbruch
788:(between
786:Spreewald
774:Spremberg
667:Geography
547:margraves
502:âčSee Tfdâș
211:Religion
99:painting)
57:1157â1815
3920:in 1848.
3636:Guelders
3593:Colonies
3434:Austrian
3409:Bavarian
3385:Stolberg
3380:Stolberg
3370:Mansfeld
3324:Gernrode
3316:Prelates
3247:Querfurt
3198:Bernburg
3027:WĂŒrzburg
3013:Salzburg
2814:Electors
2403:See also
2370:Schwerin
2322:and the
2259:de facto
2228:de facto
2224:de facto
2174:Huguenot
2019:Lutheran
1941:burgrave
1896:Hussites
1813:Landbuch
1793:guilders
1716:Louis II
1712:Eltville
1700:Waldemar
1696:imposter
1667:Louis IV
1665:Emperor
1630:Habsburg
1548:Prignitz
1489:Henry II
1467:and the
1116:Sprewane
882:Köpenick
860:and the
722:moraines
505:German:
247:Margrave
240:Monarchy
227:Reformed
220:Lutheran
101:Bottom:
3916:Became
3835:1866â68
3826:Hanover
3788:Silesia
3701:1772â73
3668:Silesia
3663:/ 1815)
3573:Draheim
3502:Prussia
3413:Swabian
3235:Further
3185:Secular
2975:Hanover
2961:Bavaria
2903:Bohemia
2893:Secular
2879:Cologne
2366:Potsdam
2358:Cottbus
2335:de jure
2255:de jure
2138:by the
2052:in the
1996:by the
1970:Kurmark
1953:Quitzow
1943:of the
1799:Landtag
1789:Bohemia
1733:in the
1671:Louis I
1588:SulÄcin
1487:river.
1447:to the
1425:castles
1421:knights
1413:Holland
1405:Flemish
1395:FlÀming
1383:Altmark
1371:of the
1369:sandbox
1352:Neumark
1278:Spandau
1207:Spandau
1183:Prince
1120:Hevelli
1079:within
1077:Masuria
1053:Present
1024:within
953:Prussia
915:History
782:FlÀming
756:of the
718:ice age
695:Neumark
687:Altmark
627:of the
565:or the
553:in the
513:of the
480:Germany
339:âą
326:âą
290:History
174:Capital
165:of the
152:of the
3906:(1944)
3903:Nassau
3886:(1922)
3878:(1920)
3817:(1850)
3801:(1822)
3783:Saxony
3744:Vienna
3687:(1744)
3651:(1719)
3631:(1707)
3603:Arguin
3588:(1680)
3553:Minden
3529:Cleves
3395:Rossla
3344:Counts
3262:Junior
3240:Hither
3213:Zerbst
3208:Köthen
3203:Dessau
3193:Anhalt
3175:Cammin
3148:Saxony
2979:(1692)
2965:(1623)
2929:Saxony
2917:
2693:
2500:(1684)
2372:, and
2294:Berlin
2164:, and
2160:, the
2158:Arguin
1920:
1913:
1911:
1905:
1894:
1892:
1885:
1883:
1876:
1874:
1867:
1865:
1832:Poland
1811:. The
1765:Wettin
1720:Otto V
1661:, the
1648:
1646:
1638:
1636:
1628:
1626:
1568:Barnim
1564:Teltow
1532:Torzym
1457:John I
1362:Poland
1348:. The
1342:Barnim
1340:, and
1338:Teltow
1289:Polish
1274:castle
1150:Otto I
1109:Slavic
1093:Berlin
1073:Warmia
874:Teltow
872:, the
870:Barnim
848:, the
842:PoznaĆ
812:, the
764:(near
699:Lubusz
618:Berlin
598:Berlin
530:Slavic
485:Poland
293:
281:(last)
251:
183:Berlin
146:Status
140:(1618)
48:German
44:
3859:Lower
3672:Glatz
3361:Lohra
3348:Lords
3257:Elder
3252:Reuss
3220:Barby
3069:Hesse
3055:Baden
2865:Trier
2851:Mainz
2710:XXXIV
2098:When
1990:Cölln
1805:Guben
1753:Latin
1694:, an
1652:lands
1642:lands
1632:lands
1530:with
1520:Ć»agaĆ
1516:Jawor
1417:dikes
1409:Dutch
1144:King
1112:Wends
905:loamy
901:erica
893:sandy
850:Spree
810:Finow
802:Warta
798:NoteÄ
778:Calau
732:march
711:Saxon
533:Wends
150:State
79:Top:
3928:and
3868:1919
3729:1795
3713:1793
3692:East
3677:1742
3661:1720
3641:1713
3578:1657
3562:1648
3542:1614
3533:Mark
2691:ISBN
2380:and
2341:Land
2292:and
2249:and
2192:and
2060:and
2058:Mark
1939:, a
1618:The
1566:and
1518:and
1485:Oder
1407:and
1389:Harz
1272:the
1261:Otto
1158:Gero
1129:and
1118:and
1095:and
1020:and
951:and
897:pine
817:moor
800:and
792:and
772:and
747:peat
727:Mark
701:and
584:The
495:The
103:Flag
81:Flag
2064:in
1803:in
1706:of
1360:of
1276:of
1205:to
742:).
730:or
681:of
596:to
581:).
575:or
83:or
3946::
3901:/
3897:/
3893:/
3861:/
3828:/
3824:/
3722:/
3694:/
3670:/
3571:/
3555:/
3551:/
3535:/
3531:/
3451:·
3444:,
3440:,
3436:,
3427:,
3423:,
3419:,
3415:,
3411:,
3363:/
3346:/
2583:^
2568:^
2542:^
2530:^
2512:.
2384:.
2368:,
2364:,
2360:,
2330:.
2280:.
2072:.
2025:.
1856:c.
1775:.
1755::
1726:.
1562:,
1514:,
1510:,
1506:,
1502:,
1364:.
1336:,
1280:.
1251:,
1141:.
1075:,
930:c.
832:c.
823:.
663:,
620:.
521:.
89:c.
3932:.
3870:)
3866:(
3837:)
3833:(
3731:)
3727:(
3715:)
3711:(
3703:)
3699:(
3679:)
3675:(
3659:(
3643:)
3639:(
3580:)
3576:(
3564:)
3560:(
3544:)
3540:(
3493:e
3486:t
3479:v
3111:e
3104:t
3097:v
2799:e
2792:t
2785:v
2720:.
2699:.
2150:(
1898:/
1751:(
1324:)
1299:(
1213:(
569:(
539:(
499:(
229:.
222:.
50:)
46:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
.svg)
.svg)