Elizabeth Bay House

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Macleay collections survive in the collection of Government House, Sydney, and the Macleay Museum. A myriad of references to domestic furnishing and other aspects of Macleay life at Elizabeth Bay House has been collated and forms the basis of the present interpretation of the Macleay occupancy of Elizabeth Bay House during the period 1839–1845. Elizabeth Bay House provides a key example for the study of architectural patronage, domestic design and its sources in NSW. The attribution of the complete design to John Verge remains inconclusive, with Macleay's role as a client and possible unidentifiable British architect, British architectural pattern book sources and the work of James Hume and John Bibb requiring further research. Elizabeth Bay House has had a significant, albeit limited, impact on the architecture of NSW and the appreciation of colonial buildings through the developing conservation movement. Further research should reveal examples of buildings influenced by the house. Those already identified include

1096:(1861–77), and in 1862 helped found the Entomological Society of NSW. In 1865 he inherited the insect collections of Alexander and W. S. Macleay and leased Elizabeth Bay House, living there with his wife Susan. William John, like the Macleays who had lived in the house before him, was an ardent collector, sponsoring collecting expeditions including that of the "Chevert" to New Guinea in 1875, and broadening the collection from insects and marine invertebrates to encompass all branches of the natural sciences (such as birds and reptiles). Encouraging the study of botany, he was the first president of the Linnean Society of NSW (1874). The Linnean Society of NSW presented the Macleay's early plant and seed books to the Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW. 1165:. A change of government signalled a change in policy and a decision that the house become a public museum. Architects Fisher Lucas supervised the restoration of the house which began in 1977. In 1980 it was put in the care of a Trust before coming under ownership of the Historic Houses Trust of NSW in 1981. It was one of the first properties acquired by the Historic Houses Trust of NSW. Since then the Friends of Elizabeth Bay House and subsequent Friends of the Historic Houses Trust have raised funds and held events in support of the house's interpretation and enjoyement. These funds included new curtains and pelmets being installed in the drawing room ($ 25,000) and furnishing a maid's room ($ 10,000). 1572: 1005:(Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1865–85) described the garden in 1841 as "a botanist's paradise My surprise was unbounded at the natural beauties of the spot, the inimitable taste with which the grounds were laid out and the number and rarity of the plants which were collected together." Macleay corresponded with and sent indigenous plant specimens to Kew, donated exotic plants to the Sydney Botanic Gardens, supplied trees to nurseryman Thomas Shepherd, exchanged plants with William Macarthur at Camden Park, encouraged local naturalists, and promoted exploration. As a member of numerous public and charitable committees, he exerted considerable influence in the establishment of the 1545: 1105:

died in 1891, leaving substantial bequests to various institutions including the University of Sydney and the Linnean Society of NSW. His wife stayed there until her death in 1903. The couple had no children. After the death of George Macleay in 1891, under the terms of William Sharp Macleay's will, the house was passed from their nephew Arthur Alexander Walton Onslow who had died, to his eldest son James Macarthur Onslow of Camden Park. By this time the 22-hectare (54-acre) estate had shrunk to 7.5 hectares (19 acres) through successive subdivisions. Members of the Macleay family occupied Elizabeth Bay House until 1903.

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judgement of the taste, labour and capital that have been bestowed upon it. A spacious garden, filled with almost every variety of vegetable; a trellised vinery; a flower garden, rich in botanical curiosities, refreshed with ponds of pure water and overlooked by fanciful grottoes; a maze of gravel walks winding around the rugged hills in every direction, and affording sometimes an umbrageous solitude, sometimes a sylvan coup d'oeil, and sometimes a bold view of the spreading bays and distant headlands – these are living proofs that its honourable proprietor well deserved the boon, and has well repaid it."

934:) described the shrubbery and adjacent garden, in 1842–43 commenting on the wealth of fruit trees and other plants assimilated into a Sydney garden: "Mr Macleay took us through the grounds; they were along the side of the water. In this garden are the plants of every climate – flowers and trees from Rio, the West Indies, the East Indies, China and even England. And unless you could see them, you would not believe how beautiful the roses are here. The orange trees, lemons, citrons, guavas are immense, and the pomegranate is now in full flower. Mr Macleay also has an immense collection from New Zealand." 1401:

exploration and settlement of Australia concurrently with the extraordinary growth in scholarly interest in the natural sciences at the end of the 18th century. Elizabeth Bay House and its garden were visited by prominent Australian, British, American and European scientists and intellectuals throughout most of the 19th century, being a focus for Australia's role in an international scientific community. The Macleay family and Macleay family collections provided key endowments for the Australian Museum, the Macleay Museum at Sydney University and the Linnean Society of NSW.

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placement within a broader Sydney Harbour landscape with the picturesque design and siting of outbuildings and garden structures. These included the demolished spired stables (c.1828, designer unknown), a gardener's cottage (1827), rustic bridge and pond (c.1832) and the extant grottoes, retaining walls and stairs. Architect, John Verge (1788–1862) is believed to have been responsible for the design of the grotto and retaining walls. The Elizabeth Bay estate inspired artistic responses to the landscape, particularly by painter, Conrad Martens (1801–1878).

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desired for its garden, which he compiled with his father, reflect the extent of their horticultural pursuits and provide vital records of this outstanding colonial garden. William was a corresponding member of the Royal Botanic Society of London. During his residency at Elizabeth Bay – with the family from 1839 and alone from 1845 – the house continued as a favoured location for local and visiting scientists and Sydney's intellectual circle. William Sharp Macleay died unmarried, leaving the estate to George and the insect collection to his cousin

1438:, to more sophisticated designs such as Camden Park. The Greek Revival joinery is particularly fine. The siting of Elizabeth Bay House and surviving elements of Elizabeth Bay Estate provide rare examples of sophisticated Landscape design in early 19th century NSW. The estate, possibly laid out with advice from Landscape gardener Thomas Shepherd adapted design principles from the English 18th century Landscape movement to a Sydney harbourside setting with the retention of indigenous trees. Elizabeth Bay House's relationship with the villas 1533: 1607: 50: 1446:, Potts Point provides a rare key precedent for town planning in Australia. The 1826 grant of Elizabeth Bay House estate to Alexander Macleay was followed by the granting of a series of allotments along Macleay Street Potts Point to the colony's principal civil servants and one respectable merchant, under a series of villa conditions, which specified the quality and elements of the design of these houses. It is believed that both Alexander Macleay and Mrs Darling, 1377:

Estate provide rare examples of sophisticated Landscape design in early 19th century NSW. In its heyday the garden was known internationally through the letters and published accounts of local naturalists and visiting scientific expeditions, as a fine private botanic garden with picturesque features of dwarf stone walls, rustic bridges, and winding gravel walks, and a fine plant collection of choice and rare species, particularly bulbs.

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cliff face at the rear of the house. The architraves and stone flooring along the central corridor are evenly illuminated, lasting only for a minute. For over two weeks either side of the winter solstice the effect may be observed with varying luminance and duration, as the sun's elevation and position on the horizon changes. Though no documents are known to discuss this feature, it is not likely to be an accident.

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has decided where our house is to be and the garden etc". Although Nurseryman Thomas Shepherd had practised as a landscape gardener many years previously in England and his 1835 (public) lecture (in Sydney) included suggestions for the further improvement of the Elizabeth Bay estate, he does not claim credit for involvement, however informal, in its design. It may be that Macleay considered his views old-fashioned.

57: 1868: 1800: 889:'s office ledger contains many references to the design of garden structures, including gates and piers and copings and "scroll ends" for garden walls. The entries are dated between April and November 1833. A design for a bathing house (not built) dated 1834 and initialled "R.R.", may be attributed to the architect and surveyor, Robert Russell (1808–1900) who arrived in Sydney in that year. 1118:

for containing every Cape bulb known in the colony in the 1840s. With the 1927 subdivision creating a new road of Onslow Avenue this lawn and the house's front address to it were bisected and a new sandstone retaining wall was made edging Onslow Avenue in front of the house and on its east and west. To the north-east a new road of Billyard Avenue also dating from 1927 edged the reserve.

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took it over the payment of the debts himself. Macleay's library and the drawing room furniture were sold to pay creditors. William Sharp Macleay (1792-1865), public servant, scholar and naturalist, and eldest son, inherited his father's insect collection, and stayed alone at the house until his death in 1865. Alexander and Eliza moved, bitterly, to Brownlow Hill. He was elected

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survival of the drive/road network, elements of the terraced garden, late 19th century villas and early 20th century flats which followed on from these subdivisions. Elizabeth Bay House is held in esteem by a large number of former residents, the Jewish community and visual arts community in NSW. Elizabeth Bay House is held in great esteem by a broad heritage community in NSW.

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transportation ended in 1840 and the colony was plunged into depression. Macleay was already in debt. The depression, these debts, the capital he had outlaid on the house and garden, the expenses of his various country properties and the loss of his large official salary brought about by early retirement meant that by the early 1840s he was in financial difficulties.

1480:. The house has a long-standing association with the NSW arts community. Between 1927 and 1972 the house was the home of a number of artists, including Justin O'Brien and Donald Friend. Research should establish a more complete record of Elizabeth Bay House's association with the arts community and the house's effect on the creative work of these individuals. 1405:

Avenue and Billyard Avenue. Elizabeth Bay House has representative associations with John Verge, the most fashionable architect in NSW during the 1830s and the artist Conrad Martens who executed views of the house and other commissions for members of the extended Macleay family. The house has associations with NSW high Victorian architect,

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of New South Wales (1826–1837). They are surviving remnants of arguably the most sophisticated landscape design of the 1820s and 1830s in New South Wales, which adapted late 18th Century English Landscape and Picturesque Movement ideals (as interpreted by the early 19th century Gardenesque Movement) for the Sydney Harbour topography.

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colonial civil servants, pastoralists and merchants. The house is significant for its association with the history of the intellectual life of NSW in the areas of scientific (natural history, particularly entomology, botany) and aesthetic endeavour through its association with three generations of Macleay family.

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rear of the house. The architraves and stone flooring along the central corridor are evenly illuminated, lasting only for a minute. For over two weeks either side of the winter solstice the effect may be observed with varying luminance and duration, as the sun's elevation and position on the horizon changes.

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The house has long been significant to the conservation movement in Australia. This is indicated by proposals to refurbish the house as a museum for the 1938 sesquicentenary of white settlement, Professor Leslie Wilkinson's ownership share in Elizabeth Bay Estates Limited (1926–1935), the acquisition

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The Arthur MacElhone Reserve commemorates a City Councillor for this Fitzroy Ward. Berzins' design incorporated Macleay's curving retaining wall and protruding sandstone ledges or benches and a grotto facing onto the footpath on Billyard Avenue below. Some of the rich plant collection in this reserve

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From 1948 to 1950 Sydney City Council using landscape architect Ilmar Berzins created the Arthur MacElhone Reserve on what had been Elizabeth Bay House's famous lawn (three lots, unsold in the 1927 subdivision). Macleay had created a broadly elliptical levelled lawn at considerable cost. It was noted

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An attempt was made to subdivide the land in 1841 but the blocks did not sell. While others were forced to declare bankruptcy, Macleay was saved by his eldest son William Sharp Macleay, also Alexander Macleay's largest creditor. In 1845 W. S. Macleay insisted his family move out of the house and then

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In enforced retirement from 1817 when his department was abolished at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, Macleay's finances were stretched to support a large family (10 of 17 children survived to adulthood), town and country residences, and his obsessive collecting of insects. When assets had to be sold

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As at 22 September 2003, the grotto and associated stairs, balustrade and retaining walls are ornamental structures created between 1832 and 1835 to embellish the then 22-hectare (55-acre) garden of Elizabeth Bay House, built between 1835 and 1839 by Alexander Macleay (1767–1848), Colonial Secretary

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with a protective coat of sand paint. There is a square entrance vestibule leading into an oval, domed saloon around which a cantilevered stair rises to an arcaded gallery. The Australian Cedar joinery is finely moulded and finished simply with wax polish. The timber floors throughout are Australian

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In 1927 the remainder of the land around the house was sold. In this final division the kitchen wing at the rear of the house was demolished to allow an access road for allotments behind the house. By 1934 the house and eleven lots remained unsold due to the depression. Artists squatted in the house

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at the University of Sydney, where the government built a museum (1886–88) to which the collections were transferred, together with some original collector's cabinets, library, Macleay papers, and an endowment for a curator (this remains as the Macleay Museum). W. J. Macleay was knighted in 1889 and

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After William Sharp's death in 1865 George Macleay inherited the estate (he had moved to England after 1859, when the trustees had been able to settle the estate. A keen zoologist, George had donated specimens to his brother and to the Australian Museum; he presented the papers of his father and his

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Two contrasting personalities, William, a Cambridge classical scholar, controversial pre-Darwinian theorist, author and contributor to leading scientific journals, and recluse: and George, a pragmatist, and subsequently a peripatetic bon vivant; the brothers, individually and jointly, contributed to

855:) and Macleay's neighbouring estate at Elizabeth Bay "5 years ago the coast immediately eastward of Sydney was a mass of cold and hopeless sterility, which its stunted and unsightly bushes seemed only to render the more palpable; it is now traversed by an elegant carriage road and picturesque walks. 761:

Alexander Macleay (1767–1848), public servant and entomologist, was born at Wick, a fishing village in Ross-shire, Scotland. He moved to London in 1786, marrying Elizabeth Barclay there in 1791. Macleay, who was employed in the civil service (1795–1825) was well known in British and European natural

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in this case, with Louis XIV- revival scrolls and a Greek-Revival egg and dart cresting) have been recreated for the drawing room, based on 1839 original pelmets ordered in London by William Sharp Macleay. In 1845 Macleay sold these to the newly completed Government House, Sydney where three of the

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A nearby grotto, with accompanying stone walls and steps, plus several trees, are all that remain of the original extensive garden, which contained Macleay's considerable native and exotic plant collection, an orchard and kitchen garden. A hand-written notebook of "Plants received at Elizabeth Bay"

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during his visit to Elizabeth Bay in February 1831. Bulbs featured in the large collection of plants which William Sharp Macleay brought with him to Australia in 1839. 88 varieties of bulbs were forwarded to him in 1839-40 by his scientific correspondent, Dr Nathaniel Wallich, Superintendent of the

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regarded her father as the mastermind, referring to Elizabeth Bay as "our Tillbuster the second", a reference to the Macleay family's country estate in Godstone, Surrey, which Alexander had improved in 1817. In September 1826 she promised her brother a plan of the recently acquired grant "when Papa

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Elizabeth Bay House, while not an intact historic interior, possesses key areas of intact historic finishes and significant evidence of finishes in most rooms which allows its interpretation as a significant early NSW domestic interior. Significant elements of the early 19th century furnishing and

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The estate is the location of the Aboriginal settlement of Elizabeth Town, established by Governor Macquarie and under the leadership of Bungaree and is a significant Aboriginal-European contact site. Physical evidence of this is extant in the form of a midden behind blocks of flats between Onslow

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The designer of the house is uncertain, with recent research suggesting that the accomplished colonial architect John Verge (1788–1861) was the main designer, but that he was presented with an imported scheme that he modified for Macleay. The fine detailing demonstrates the role of Verge's partner

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The house was refurnished in the style of 1839–45, the interiors reflecting the lifestyle of the Macleays and presenting an evocative picture of early 19th century Sydney life. Largely in the Greek Revival style with elements of the Louis revival, the house's interiors have been recreated based on

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William arrived in 1839 in NSW with important collections of insects from South America (on which he published) and from Cuba where he was posted by the British Government (1825–36), as well as a large collection of plants. At Elizabeth Bay, two notebooks of plants and seeds exchanged, imported or

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The bush was planted with specimen orchids and ferns to enhance its botanical interest, which could be enjoyed in the course of a "wood walk". Two surviving notebooks list the sources of plants for the garden and illustrate a comprehensive approach to plant collecting, similar in their approach to

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The layout of the former 22-hectare (54-acre) Elizabeth Bay estate provided the structure of the modern suburb Elizabeth Bay. Its subdivision reflected the fate of 19th century villas in the inner eastern suburbs of Sydney. The siting of Elizabeth Bay House and surviving elements of Elizabeth Bay

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Recent research demonstrates that the house is perfectly oriented and aligned to the position of the sunrise at the winter solstice or shortest day of the year - so that the rising sun bisects the house, running through the front door, out the rear door and hitting the sandstone cliff face at the

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is severe, owing to its incomplete nature: like many colonial houses begun in the late 1830s, the house is unfinished, the victim of Macleay's growing financial distress and the severe economic depression of the 1840s. It was originally intended to have an encircling single-storey Doric colonnade

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When the house was finished in 1839 it was occupied by Alexander, his wife Eliza, their unmarried daughter Kennethina, unmarried son William Sharp, the Macleay's nephews William and John and two Onslow grandchildren. Their five other daughters had married. At the same time wool prices dropped and

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That these rapid improvements were originated by the proprietor of Elizabeth Bay cannot be doubted. He was the first to show how these hillocks of rock and sand might be rendered tributary to the taste and advantage of civilized man. As to the estate of Elizabeth Bay, no one can form an adequate

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the drive to the house is cut through rocks covered with splendid wild shrubs and flowers of this country, and here and there an immense primeval tree In this garden are the plants of every climate – flowers and trees from Rio, the West Indies, and even England. The bulbs from the Cape (of Good

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Recent research demonstrates that the main axis of the house is perfectly oriented and aligned to the position of the sunrise at the winter solstice or shortest day of the year – so that the rising sun bisects the house, running through the front door, out the rear door and hitting the sandstone

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Plans for the villa were in hand from 1832 but construction did not commence until 1835. Elizabeth Bay House was built between 1835 and 1839 by the accomplished architect and builder John Verge. It is believed that Verge worked from plans acquired from a British source prior to 1832. Macleay, in

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As at 1 July 2005, Elizabeth Bay House is one of the most sophisticated works of architecture of the early 19th century in New South Wales, once known as "the finest house in the colony". Elizabeth Bay House's incomplete state reflects the 1840s depression which devastated a class of prominent

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Elizabeth Bay House through its landmark siting and aesthetic qualities is held in great esteem by the residents of Elizabeth Bay and a wider eastern suburbs community. A broad community awareness of the location of the suburb on the subdivided Elizabeth Bay House estate is re-inforced by the

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The high lands and slopes of this property are composed of rocks, richly ornamented with beautiful indigenous trees and shrubs. From the first commencement he (Macleay) never suffered a tree of any kind to be destroyed, until he saw distinctly the necessity for doing so. He thus retained the

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The siting of Elizabeth Bay House and the layout of its drives, garden terraces and grottoes was carefully planned to maximise vistas and the dramatic Sydney Harbour topography. The design of the estate employed contrasts between the Greek Revival mansion (Elizabeth Bay House) and its formal

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Elizabeth Bay House is one of the finest domestic buildings erected in Australia in the early 19th century. The Saloon is arguably the finest interior in 19th century Australian architecture. The quality of the Greek Revival styling of the house marks a transition in John Verge's career from

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William John (1820–1891) pastoralist, politician, patron of science, and nephew of Alexander, was born in Wick, came to NSW with his cousin William Sharp Macleay in 1839, and became a squatter with extensive pastoral runs in the Murrumbidgee whose profits would ultimately fund the scientific

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at Elizabeth Bay, with commanding views of Sydney Harbour. It was usual practice for grants to be made to eminent citizens in the colony but Macleay's grant generated some heated editorials in Sydney's newspapers. It involved the alienation of public land, the former Aboriginal settlement of

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Elizabeth Bay House and the estate are significant for their association with the history of intellectual life in NSW and their association with three generations of Macleay owners as well as members of the extended Macleay family. The house's association with Alexander Macleay reflects the

813:(first to be named of a species). Three of the four surviving sons came later to NSW, of whom two, William and George – shared their father's natural history interests. (From the early 1820s the spelling Macleay was adopted; descendants of Alexander's brothers retained MacLeay or McLeay). 985:, where three of the original rosewood veneer tables still have pride of place. The furnishings included pelmets with gilt "cornices" (curtain pelmets in this case, with Louis XIV- revival scrolls and a Greek-Revival egg and dart cresting) which were transferred to Government House also. 954:

addition to his post, was an entomologist of standing in the world of natural science and had been secretary (1798–1825) of the prestigious Linnean Society in London. He brought with him his huge insect collection, a library of 4000 works and a wide knowledge of horticulture and botany.

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labour. He employed his horticultural expertise, assisted from the late 1820s by gardener Robert Henderson, to establish a private botanic garden with picturesque features of dwarf stone walls, rustic bridges, and winding gravel walks. This was amid the existing native vegetation.

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for the Prince Regent in London. Macleay could not afford the intended encircling colonnade. The house's architectural significance rests largely with its interior, owing to its state of incompletion. A planned encircling colonnade was not built. It is possible that Macleay's son

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Many visitors commented on Macleay's achievement in creating a garden in Sydney conditions. Georgianna Lowe described "some drawbacks to this lovely garden: it is too dry, and the plants grow out of a white, sandy soil. I must admit a few English showers would improve it."

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The house has associations with the NSW Jewish community as it was the home of George Michaelis and his family, one of a number of prominent Jewish families which resided in villas in the vicinity of Elizabeth Bay, which was noted as within walking distance of the

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Architect John Fisher (early member of the Institute of Architects, Cumberland County Council Historic Buildings Committee and on the first Council of the National Trust of Australia (NSW) Board after its reformation in 1960) was commissioned by the

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The Elizabeth Bay House garden terrace walls have local significance as they formed property boundaries following subdivision of 1882 and 1927. The grotto and rustic bridge became garden features of villas built following the 1882 subdivision.

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advantage of embellishment from his native trees, and harmonised them with foreign trees now growing. He has also obtained the benefit of a standing plantation which it might otherwise have taken twenty or thirty years to bring to maturity.

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Elizabeth Bay House is a rare superlative example of a representative class of Greek Revival villas constructed by New South Wales' most fashionable architect, John Verge, for prominent colonial civil servants, pastoralists and merchants.

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NSW's scientific and horticultural advancement. Both were involved with the Botanic Gardens, Australian Museum and, beginning with their father, maintained an unbroken connection with the Linnean Society of London (1794-1891).

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A rear service wing (since demolished) contained a kitchen, laundry and servants' accommodation, and a large stables (also demolished) was sited elsewhere on the estate. A design for a proposed bathing pavilion imitated the

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wrote "we have now some beautiful walks thro' the bush. Mr (Edward) Deas-Thompson who is possessed of an infinity of good taste is the Engineer and takes an astonishing degree of interest in the improvement of the place."

1417:. Elizabeth Bay has rare associations with the history of the visual arts in NSW. Between 1927 and 1935 a colony of artists squatted in the house and during 1940–41 after the conversion of the house to flats, the artist 980:

William Sharp Macleay in 1839 was in London and ordered furnishings for the drawing room of Elizabeth Bay House. Six years later in 1845 in the midst of a colonial financial crisis, he sold them to the newly completed

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to restore Elizabeth Bay House, which led to the formation of the Historic Houses Trust of NSW in 1980. A Friends of Elizabeth Bay House group formed well before the formation of the Historic Houses Trust of NSW.

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in 1837. The loss of salary contributed to his financial problems: British debts were unpaid; mortgages that had funded the lavish expenditure on both Elizabeth Bay House and Brownlow Hill, his country house near

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several inventories, notably an 1845 record of the house's contents and a list of furniture sold to the newly completed Government House, plus pieces known to have originated at the house that is now located at

1181:. Wall colours have been determined from paint scrapes that revealed the original colour schemes. The house also contains a collection of significant early Australian furniture from Sydney and Tasmania. 1099:

By 1875 the Macleay family collections at the house were now so large that William John had a curator George Masters appointed to look after the collection. In 1889 the collections were presented to the

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Macleay's approach to the Australian bush was in contrast with that of the majority of colonists, who customarily cleared it and started afresh. Nurseryman Thomas Shepherd wished others to emulate this:

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Elizabeth Bay House is a superb example of Australian colonial architecture, best known for its central elliptical saloon with domed lantern and geometric staircase, and was listed on the (now defunct)

1250:(included in several views by Conrad Martens, and akin to the colonnade at Vineyard, designed by Verge for Hannibal Hawkins Macarthur); the small portico was only added in the early 20th century. 691:. Known as "the finest house in the colony", Elizabeth Bay House was originally surrounded by a 22-hectare (54-acre) garden, and is now situated within a densely populated inner city suburb. 1325:

As at 22 September 1997, the physical condition was good. Elizabeth Bay House possesses a high level of intactness, including a very percentage of original plaster finishes and joinery.

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or Brownlow Hill (originally the Macleays' country property near Camden, NSW). The large library contains several insect cases and a desk originally owned by Macleay, on loan from the

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Alexander Macleay had a great passion for bulbous plants, particularly those from the Cape of Good Hope. The explorer Charles Sturt, contributed many bulbs collected on his journey to

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describes in an 1864 journal entry, Elizabeth Bay House's garden as one of "few private gardens in Sydney where gardening is carried on with any spirit. Those of Mr Thomas Mort, of

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1821–25, designated Elizabeth Bay as the site of an asylum for the insane. A pen sketch by Edward Mason from 1822 to 1823 shows a series of Indigenous bark huts in the locality.

1277:. The stairway is of Marulan sandstone and built into the wall, resting on the tread underneath. The cast iron banisters are painted in imitation bronze. Eleven carved stone 1289:

is a light, single storeyed structure of iron and wood. Verge's attention to symmetry can be seen in the blind windows constructed on the walls of both sides of the house.

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is appropriate, given its proximity to Elizabeth Bay House and the range and richness of that former estate's shrubberies and gardens. Berzins is also known for designing

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and John Bibb and was built from 1835 to 1839 by James Hume. The grotto and retaining walls were designed by Verge and the carriage drive on Onslow Avenue was designed by

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Macleay's garden was also noted for its fruit trees. In 1835, Charles Von Hugel noted "pawpaw, guava and many plants from India were flourishing". Georgianna Lowe (of

780:(1753) became the internationally accepted starting point for all botanical nomenclature and served as its secretary from 1798 to 1825. He was elected a fellow of the 1084:. George progressively subdivided the estate and sold leaseholds of a substantial portion and leased the house to his cousin William John Macleay and his wife Susan. 644: 110: 2567: 1544: 1571: 1114:

until 1935 when it was purchased, renovated and refurbished as a reception house. Five years later the house was again altered to accommodate fifteen flats.

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upon the collapse of his brother's private bank in Wick, in which Alexander was a partner, he began in 1824 to borrow heavily from his eldest son, William.

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The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

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lived in the Morning Room flat. Friend was a resident of the house after it was vacated by the Macleay family and converted into residential flats.

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As with the design of the house, the design of the estate appears to have involved a number of people whose respective contributions are not known.

2622: 2612: 2139: 2597: 1218: 739:(d. 1830). Elizabeth Bay had been named in honour of Mrs Macquarie. Bungaree's group continued their nomadic life around the harbour foreshores. 1492:

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.

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The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.

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and filmed at Elizabeth Bay House. Elizabeth Bay House is available for hire as a reception venue and is often used for wedding receptions.

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The garden became known internationally through the letters and published accounts of local naturalists and visiting scientific expeditions:

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The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

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entomology. The plant and seed books contain entries for purchases from nurserymen Messr.s Loddiges of Hackney, London, and exchanges with

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Hope) are splendid – you would not believe how beautiful the roses are here – Mr Macleay has also an immense collection from New Zealand.

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Morris, Colleen. Lost gardens of Sydney. Produced in association with an exhibition at the Museum of Sydney 9 August - 30 November 2008

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layout with two levels, two unconnected cellar wings beneath the house and attic rooms under the roof. It is built of soft Sydney

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The State Planning Authority assumed control in 1972 and it was decided to restore the house as an official residence for the

2516: 2493: 1141:(NSW) started to list and publicise important historic places. Elizabeth Bay House was one of the first sixty places named. 874:

by Alexander Macleay. Henderson's obituary records that he superintended the laying out of the gardens of Elizabeth Bay and

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Elizabeth Bay House is rare as one of the most sophisticated essays in the Greek Revival style favoured by John Verge.

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of the property by the Cumberland County Council in 1963 for its historic significance and the 1972–76 restoration by

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of Rose Bay, formerly contained good collections of native and imported plants, but now they are no longer kept up.".

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history circles, having amassed by 1805 one of the most significant insect collections in Britain. He was elected a

2003: 1396:

The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.

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and which was poetically named Cape Sunium after the peninsula east of Athens with its picturesque ruined temple.

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and built from 1832 to 1835 by convict and free artisans under the direction of Verge. The property is owned by

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The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

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Through English Eyes, extracts from the journal of John Gould Veitch during a trip to the Australian colonies

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In 1963 the Cumberland County Council purchased Elizabeth Bay House and essential repairs were carried out.

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Gardens near the north-west corner of Park & College Streets in 1951 and Duntryleague Golf Club course,

1896: 1186: 1127: 908: 852: 163: 1138: 744: 2582: 2429:

Heritage study and review of proposed landscape master plan of the McElhone Reserve, Elizabeth Bay, NSW

2153: 1843: 1775: 1037:(1843–46). Injured in a carriage accident in 1846, and still suffering the effects, he died at Tivoli, 1632: 1038: 922:

in 1838, having been presented with four bulbs of Calostemma album from the Royal Botanic Gardens at

767: 2347: 2303: 1414: 1146: 982: 958: 2527: 2504: 1875: 1807: 2642: 1131: 1022: 1450:, took a key role in establishing the parameters for this development of Sydney's first suburb. 1612: 1406: 1278: 2523:

published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under

2500:

published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under

2550:, Compiled by Frances Pollen, Angus & Robertson Publishers, 1990, Published in Australia 2465:'Ten things you might not have known about Elizabeth Bay House', in 'Eastern Suburbs Insider' 2258: 2075: 1929: 1901: 970: 912: 1871:

Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under

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Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under

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original drawing room furnishings, being rosewood veneer tables, still have pride of place.

1209:. The song was one of Mauboy's biggest hits at the time. In November 2020, Hayley Mary from 1045:(1809-1891) pastoralist and explorer and third surviving son, inherited his father's debts. 1934: 1162: 1081: 1054: 923: 2542:

The Australian colonial house : architecture and society in New South Wales 1788-1842

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in Athens. The pavilion was intended for the extremity of nearby Macleay Point, facing

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Macleay, who had served diligently as Colonial Secretary, was ousted from office by

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MacLeay, Alexander (and sons) entry in the 'Oxford Companion to Australian Gardens'

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Read, Stuart, pers.comm., based on "a walk around the estate", in Carlin, S., 2000

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The square entrance hall preludes the soaring space of the oval domed saloon. The

1310: 919: 740: 668: 430: 147: 2524: 2501: 1872: 1804: 1198: 1174: 1101: 1042: 1017: 843: 732: 664: 2474:(Open) Letter to Tim Duddy, Chairman, Friends of the Historic Houses Trust Inc 2576: 2544:. Sydney, Hordern House in Assoc. with the Historic Houses Trust of NSW. 1997 2144: 1418: 1274: 1230: 1002: 879: 863: 848: 821: 810: 789: 781: 771: 223: 210: 188: 175: 2456:

Villas of Darlinghurst (exhibition catalogue), entry on Elizabeth Bay House

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Elizabeth Bay House escarpment: nomination for the state heritage register

2149: 1210: 931: 911:. They also record the plants contributed by visitors to the estate and by 1242:

Blackbutt. There is an original, large brass door lock on the front door.

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The internal design of the house was loosely modelled on Henry Hollands

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In 2010–11, the house was used as the set for the music video of

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interests engendered by his uncle and cousins. He was a member of the

1258: 1238: 1234: 945:), a small tree from south-eastern China, at Elizabeth Bay, in 1836. 716:

Elizabeth Bay had been the site of a fishing village established by

35: 2511: 2488: 1337:

1841 – Subdivision of some of the Elizabeth Bay land

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brother William Sharp to the Linnean Society of London and through

794: 736: 2276: 2268:"Historic Houses Trust Elizabeth Bay House Grotto Site and works" 1385:, one of the first modern, scholarly conservations in Australia. 1286: 1282: 1266: 728: 2359: 1352:

1941 – House altered to accommodate fifteen flats

1297: 1270: 1246: 763: 656: 652: 648: 143: 65: 2411:'John Fisher - 1924-2012 - champion of the state's structures' 2284:

Carlin, Scott (assumed); Historic Houses Trust of NSW (2010).

1592: 1025:, were due: pastoral ventures failed in the 1840s depression. 2426: 1867: 1799: 1358:

1972–76 – Restoration of Elizabeth Bay House.

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and panelled reveal shutters of the windows and the plaster

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people – the indigenous inhabitants of the area surrounding

2408: 788:, Macleay's close friend and suitor of his eldest daughter 617:

Convict and free artisans under the direction of John Verge

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Guide to Elizabeth Bay House, including biography of Verge

1013:, and more particularly on policy at the Botanic Gardens. 1392:

on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.

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1865, 1875, 1882 – Further subdivisions

792:, a competent botanical artist, named the plant genus 671:, Australia. The design of the house is attributed to 2462: 1349:

1935 – House renovated and refurbished

2453: 2372:"The Grotto & the Garden of Elizabeth Bay House" 2286:

Refurbishing the Drawing Room of Elizabeth Bay House

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In 1826 Macleay set about improving the site, using

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1963 – Essential repairs carried out

1068:, the late Mr William Macleay of Elizabeth Bay and 870:In 1825 Robert Henderson had been recruited at the 770:in 1794 commemorating the great Swedish naturalist 655:, located at 7 Onslow Avenue in the inner eastern 1517:The grotto and retaining walls was listed on the 1333:The following modifications to the site include: 2574: 2238: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2185:"Winter Solstice Sunrise at Elizabeth Bay House" 2125: 2123: 2113: 2111: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 1930:"Colonial delusions of grandeur and our history" 1927: 1343:1892 – Balcony added to the house 2295:"A 'Botanist's Paradise' - Elizabeth Bay House" 2051: 2049: 2039: 2037: 825:Elizabeth Town, later earmarked for an asylum. 2515:This Knowledge article contains material from 2492:This Knowledge article contains material from 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1969: 1967: 1957: 1955: 1953: 2207: 2168: 2120: 2108: 2099: 2090: 2081: 2062: 1838: 1836: 1500: 2046: 2034: 2025: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1565:Photograph from around 1927 of the staircase 1189:, is indicative of the original collection. 2277:"Elizabeth Bay House - a history and guide" 2259:"Elizabeth Bay House Grotto Site and Works" 2009: 1979: 1964: 1950: 1844:"Elizabeth Bay House Grotto Site and works" 1770: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1628:Australian residential architectural styles 1550:Elizabeth Bay House staircase, designed by 711: 131:14–16 (northern boundary of) Onslow Avenue 56: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1430:relatively restrained commissions such as 1328: 847:enthusiastically reported improvements at 2588:Historic house museums in New South Wales 2517:Elizabeth Bay House Grotto Site and works 2191:. Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences, 1813: 1192: 564:Elizabeth Bay House Grotto Site and works 2618:Houses in Elizabeth Bay, New South Wales 2603:Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales 2390: 2380:Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales 2368:Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales 2356:Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales 2324:Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales 1974:Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales 1854:Department of Planning & Environment 1786:Department of Planning & Environment 1577:Alex Rigby's 21st Birthday Party in 1937 915:'s natural history collectors in India. 2623:Entertainment venues in New South Wales 2613:New South Wales State Heritage Register 2521:New South Wales State Heritage Register 2498:New South Wales State Heritage Register 1849:New South Wales State Heritage Register 1781:New South Wales State Heritage Register 1645: 1519:New South Wales State Heritage Register 1390:New South Wales State Heritage Register 1346:1927 – Final subdivision 701:New South Wales State Heritage Register 526:Other - Residential Buildings (private) 18:Government home in Australia, Australia 2598:Neoclassical architecture in Australia 2575: 2444: 2435: 2427:Mayne Wilson & Associates (2001). 2420:Winter solstice at Elizabeth Bay House 2417: 2409:Lucas, Clive; McGinness, Mark (2012). 2399: 2393:"'Magnolia denudata - Yulan magnolia'" 2301: 2292: 2274: 1842: 1774: 1388:Elizabeth Bay House was listed on the 1296:Pelmets with gilt "cornices" (curtain 1261:of the doorways, the tapering Grecian 816:Soon after his arrival in 1826 he was 2471: 1928:Perkins, Matthew (3 September 2010). 1923: 1921: 1919: 1892:"Elizabeth Bay House (Place ID 2000)" 1886: 1884: 1060:Visiting esteemed English nurseryman 941:Macleay received the Yulan magnolia ( 2304:"draft Conservation Management Plan" 2022:-1840, and Seeds received, 1836-1857 1108: 1041:, the home of one of his daughters. 750: 1890: 1362: 13: 2534: 1916: 1881: 333:Office of Environment and Heritage 14: 2654: 2561: 1623:Australian National Heritage List 1213:released the video to her single 805:Macleay accepted the position of 553:New South Wales Heritage Register 472:New South Wales Heritage Register 2638:1839 establishments in Australia 2510: 2487: 2140:"MTV Presents Summerbeatz 2010!" 1866: 1798: 1605: 1591: 1570: 1558: 1543: 1531: 1156: 55: 48: 29: 2251: 2229: 2177: 2132: 1011:Australian Subscription Library 697:Register of the National Estate 534:Residential buildings (private) 2530:, accessed on 13 October 2018. 2507:, accessed on 13 October 2018. 2481: 2463:Sydney Living Museums (2014). 1997: 1224: 927:botanical garden in Calcutta. 1: 2454:State Library of NSW (2002). 2193:Government of New South Wales 2016: 1638: 1538:Elizabeth Bay House, interior 962: 828: 721: 689:Government of New South Wales 424:No parking; public transport: 337:Government of New South Wales 2266:Attraction Homepage (2007). 2244:Historic Houses Trust, 2003. 2226:Historic Houses Trust. 1997. 2174:Historic Houses Trust, 1984. 1897:Australian Heritage Database 1320: 1092:(1856–74), a trustee of the 948: 367:(grotto and retaining walls) 279:(grotto and retaining walls) 255:(grotto and retaining walls) 237:(grotto and retaining walls) 133:(grotto and retaining walls) 7: 2105:Lucas & McGinness, 2012 1582: 1139:National Trust of Australia 111:Australian Colonial Regency 10: 2659: 2628:Museums in New South Wales 2593:Gardens in New South Wales 2548:The Book of Sydney Suburbs 2519:, entry number 116 in the 1524: 1501:Grotto and retaining walls 820:22 hectares (54 acres) by 754: 735:– under the leadership of 706: 1633:List of museums in Sydney 1233:villa with a centralised 1229:Elizabeth Bay House is a 1185:in the collection of the 768:Linnean Society of London 727:for a composite group of 667:local government area of 634: 629: 625: 621: 613: 605: 597: 589: 581: 573: 559: 550: 546: 538: 530: 522: 514: 506: 496: 488: 478: 469: 465: 450: 445: 419: 414: 406: 401: 393: 347: 342: 328: 318: 304: 293: 270: 245: 162: 154: 116: 106: 98: 90: 85: 75: 43: 28: 23: 2633:Houses completed in 1839 2496:, entry number 6 in the 2445:Morris, Colleen (2008). 2436:Morris, Colleen (1994). 2391:Holliday, Steve (2017). 1367: 1281:support the first floor 1217:, which was directed by 1147:State Planning Authority 1080:, Greek statuary to the 983:Government House, Sydney 712:Elizabeth Bay / Gurrajin 609:Parks, Gardens and Trees 2418:Malone, Gareth (2008). 1329:Modifications and dates 431:Sydney Buses, route 311 343:Design and construction 2302:Carlin, Scott (1998). 2293:Curran, Helen (2016). 2275:Carlin, Scott (2000). 1613:New South Wales portal 1407:George Allen Mansfield 1193:Modern history and use 999: 900: 807:NSW Colonial Secretary 647:style house and now a 577:State heritage (built) 501:a., c., d., e., f., g. 492:State heritage (built) 313:NSW Colonial Secretary 38:of Elizabeth Bay House 2472:Watts, Peter (2014). 2384:"Elizabeth Bay House" 2076:Sydney Living Museums 1902:Australian Government 1776:"Elizabeth Bay House" 994: 913:William Sharp Macleay 895: 699:and was added to the 681:Sydney Living Museums 643:is a heritage-listed 323:Sydney Living Museums 2608:John Verge buildings 2400:Hughes, Joy (2002). 2043:Carlin/HHT, 2010, 13 1448:wife of the Governor 1163:Lord Mayor of Sydney 1090:Legislative Assembly 1082:University of Sydney 1055:William John Macleay 459:/elizabeth-bay-house 246:Construction started 224:33.8709°S 151.2274°E 189:33.8701°S 151.2264°E 2494:Elizabeth Bay House 1599:Architecture portal 1203:What Happened to Us 1035:Legislative Council 878:. In February 1829 741:Sir Thomas Brisbane 677:Edward Deas Thomson 641:Elizabeth Bay House 483:Elizabeth Bay House 453:sydneylivingmuseums 382:Edward Deas Thomson 220: / 185: / 107:Architectural style 86:General information 24:Elizabeth Bay House 1307:Tower of the Winds 844:The Sydney Gazette 784:in 1809. Botanist 718:Governor Macquarie 601:Garden Residential 590:Reference no. 515:Reference no. 229:-33.8709; 151.2274 194:-33.8701; 151.2264 2583:Museums in Sydney 2310:on 9 January 2007 2015:Plants received, 1961:Carlin, S., 2000. 1521:on 2 April 1999. 1179:Sydney University 1124:Hyde Park, Sydney 1109:Twentieth century 1094:Australian Museum 1078:Charles Nicholson 1070:Sir Daniel Cooper 1062:John Gould Veitch 1007:Australian Museum 905:William Macarthur 872:Cape of Good Hope 777:Species Plantarum 757:Alexander Macleay 751:Alexander Macleay 703:on 2 April 1999. 638: 637: 415:Other information 309:Alexander Macleay 2650: 2514: 2491: 2477: 2468: 2459: 2450: 2441: 2432: 2423: 2414: 2405: 2396: 2387: 2375: 2363: 2351: 2345: 2341: 2339: 2331: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2306:. Archived from 2298: 2289: 2280: 2271: 2262: 2245: 2242: 2236: 2233: 2227: 2224: 2205: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2181: 2175: 2172: 2166: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2152:. 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Australia 1383:Clive Lucas 1317:John Bibb. 1263:architraves 1257:and fluted 1225:Description 1201:'s single " 1171:Camden Park 1128:Sandringham 966: 1820 943:M. denudata 909:Camden Park 853:Potts Point 725: 1815 227: / 215:151°13′39″E 192: / 180:151°13′35″E 164:Coordinates 150:, Australia 2577:Categories 2160:3 February 2129:Hunt, 1-3. 1860:13 October 1792:13 October 1639:References 1552:John Verge 887:John Verge 829:The Estate 673:John Verge 659:suburb of 630:References 582:Designated 542:James Hume 507:Designated 397:James Hume 375:John Bibb 355:John Verge 212:33°52′15″S 177:33°52′12″S 2525:CC-BY 4.0 2502:CC-BY 4.0 2360:"Museums" 2346:ignored ( 2336:cite book 1873:CC-BY 4.0 1805:CC-BY 4.0 1478:Engehurst 1432:Lyndhurst 1321:Condition 1259:pilasters 1239:sandstone 1235:Palladian 1215:The Chain 1001:Botanist 949:The Villa 294:Renovated 271:Completed 158:Australia 76:Etymology 2382:(2007). 2370:(2006). 2358:(2004). 2326:(2003). 2235:Hunt:1-2 2055:Malone, 1935:ABC News 1856:. 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