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A dauntless radical all her days, in the eighties she was wearing short skirts; in the nineties she was a staunch advocate of Woman's
Suffrage; in the first two decades of the twentieth century, an ardent Socialist. After her retirement, and until her death in 1930, she was actively connected with an
171:, the first of six children to Ruth Rebecca (Wolcott) Hayes and Charles Coleman Hayes. At the age of seven she studied at the Centerville school, a one-room ungraded public school and, in 1867, at sixteen, was employed to teach at a country school. In 1872, she entered the preparatory department at
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Hayes was concerned about under-representation of women in mathematics and science and argued that this was due to social pressure, emphasis on female appearances, lack of employment opportunities for women in mathematics and science fields, and schools that allowed female students to opt out of
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in 1897. According to one of her colleagues, she was removed from being head of the mathematics department due to disputes over her admission policy. Hayes wore utilitarian clothes instead of the fashionable garments worn by many women of the day and she was described as "strong willed."
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experiment in adult education for working girls. Fearless, devoted, intransigent, fanatical, if you like, and at times a thorn in the flesh of the trustees, who withheld the title of
Emeritus on her retirement, she is remembered with enthusiasm and affection by many of her students.
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in 1912, the first woman in state history to run for statewide office. She did not win the race, but did receive more votes than any
Socialist candidate on the ballot, including 2500 more than for their gubernatorial candidate. During the Russian Revolution, despite
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in front of students. She had very high standards of education, giving more than half of her students D grades during the first year she taught from her trigonometry book. Despite her rigorous teaching style, she had a loyal following of students.
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Hayes was a controversial figure not just for being one of the rare women among mathematics professors in nineteenth-century
America, but for her embrace of radical causes such as questioning the Bible, gender-related clothing conventions,
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to teach at
Vineyard Shore School for women workers in industry, despite her pain from arthritis. She died on October 27, 1930. Her will left her brain to the
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sentiment, she raised money for
Russian orphans and defended socialism. At the age of 76, she was arrested for marching in protest of the execution of
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and astronomer. She was a controversial figure, not only because of being a female college professor, but also for embracing many radical causes.
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338:(1920), an account of life in Granville, “How Do You Know? A Handbook of Evidence and Inference” (1923) and
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Three years after admission, Hayes obtained bachelor's degree from
Oberlin in 1878 and began teaching at
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As a mathematics professor, she was described as controversial. She questioned the truth of the
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and was admitted as a freshman in 1875, where her main studies were mathematics and science.
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In 1888, Hayes wrote a regular column for the
Wellesley College newspaper discussing
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In 1891, Hayes was elected one of the first six women to become members of the
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245:(later the American Mathematical Society). She was named a Fellow of the
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155:(September 23, 1851 – October 27, 1930) was an American
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Fellows of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science
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191:, she determined the orbit of the newly discovered asteroid
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Socialist Party of
America politicians from Massachusetts
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From 1879 until her retirement in 1916, Hayes taught at
485:. American Association for the Advancement of Science
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Women in Mathematics: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
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234:, and in the 1890s she founded a chapter of the
357:. Her ashes were buried in Granville, Ohio.
37:Ellen Amanda Hayes, from a 1915 publication
616:20th-century American women mathematicians
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252:A history of Wellesley College reads:
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16:American mathematician and astronomer
546:20th-century American mathematicians
536:19th-century American mathematicians
461:Biographies of Women Mathematicians
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556:19th-century American astronomers
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273:mathematics and science courses.
311:Massachusetts Secretary of State
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336:Wild Turkeys and Tallow Candles
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262:History of Wellesley College,
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508:Works by or about Ellen Hayes
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243:New York Mathematical Society
197:Leander McCormick Observatory
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342:(1929), a historical novel.
296:1912 Lawrence Textile Strike
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576:People from Granville, Ohio
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591:Writers from Massachusetts
551:American women astronomers
571:Wellesley College faculty
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79:Wellesley, Massachusetts
351:Wilder Brain Collection
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586:Adrian College faculty
566:Oberlin College alumni
455:Riddle, Larry (1995).
345:In 1929, she moved to
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201:University of Virginia
195:while studying at the
141:University of Virginia
463:. Agnes Scott College
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457:"Ellen Amanda Hayes"
415:Ann Moskol (1987).
347:West Park, New York
324:Bartolomeo Vanzetti
236:temperance movement
212:applied mathematics
611:Whitin Observatory
483:"Historic Fellows"
355:Cornell University
340:The Sycamore Trail
300:Sacco and Vanzetti
167:Hayes was born in
153:Ellen Amanda Hayes
53:September 23, 1851
596:Writers from Ohio
436:978-0-313-24849-8
208:Wellesley College
187:. Also active in
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137:Wellesley College
109:Scientific career
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487:. Retrieved
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467:February 11,
465:. Retrieved
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421:. New York:
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334:Hayes wrote
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320:Nicola Sacco
305:She was the
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129:Institutions
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73:(1930-10-27)
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606:1930 deaths
601:1851 births
517:Ellen Hayes
425:. pp.
119:Mathematics
90:Nationality
25:Ellen Hayes
530:Categories
361:References
330:Later life
288:temperance
163:Early life
49:1851-09-23
489:April 22,
292:socialism
249:in 1905.
193:267 Tirza
189:astronomy
123:Astronomy
316:anti-Red
284:suffrage
260:—
93:American
510:at the
199:at the
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302:case.
298:, and
294:, the
115:Fields
427:62–66
220:Bible
491:2021
469:2011
431:ISBN
322:and
230:and
179:Work
68:Died
43:Born
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83:US
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