414:
234:, Pennsylvania. Hackley lived with her husband in Philadelphia in 1910 and 1912. Her mother-in-law lived with them in 1910. At the time, Edwin worked as a letter carrier and she was a singer and a music teacher. There is no record of the Hackleys having divorced. She was identified as a married woman on her death certificate of 1922; Edwin H. Hackley was identified as her husband. Identified as a widower and a playwright, Edwin died in 1940. Hackley was on his death certificate as his deceased wife.
269:
290:. She wrote articles about African American literature and music, including the influence of music on children and home life. Other topics include civil government, current events, and the importance of compiling facts on blacks. She also wrote about household economies and hygiene. In one column she wrote of the Colored Women's League:
31:
189:
She continued her voice and violin lessons, and she also took French lessons. She sang for the
Detroit Musical Society. She paid for her lessons by giving piano lessons. Hackley also gave voice recitals. Due to her very light skin color and auburn hair, many people suggested that she try to pass for
340:
Hackley wrote newspaper and magazine articles and short books. She gave lectures at churches, colleges, and schools throughout the United States and Canada. Hackley raised funds by holding benefit concerts, which was used to provide foreign scholarships for
African American classical musicians.
185:
Hackley learned to play the piano at age three and took voice and violin lessons as a child. She was the first
African American student to attend public school there. She sang and played piano at high school dances, which contributed to the Smith family's income. She completed her education at
318:. She held large community concerts with programs that included classical music, operatic arias, and African American spirituals performed by her and local performers. She financed the programs and provided training sessions for local performers about ten days before the concert.
294:
In mapping out this program we have borne in mind the great need for thought and talk on the practical as well as cultural side of woman's life. Our first work will be toward the education and improvement of our
Colored women and the promotion of their
186:
Capital High School and a normal school at the same time, graduating with honors from the
Washington Normal School in 1886. She received a teaching certificate in 1887 and taught at Clinton Elementary School in Detroit from that year to 1894.
303:, Pennsylvania to continue her career as a choral director. She was the director of music at the Episcopal Church of the Crucifixion. In 1904, she founded and led the 100-member People's Choir, which became known as the Hackley Choral.
352:, which operated until 1916. She had intended for it to be her headquarters and a central location for the school that she could return to between her tours. Instead it put a strain on her. As a result, her health began to decline.
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472:
Corilla's father, William Beard, was a former slave who moved to
Detroit Michigan, where he established a successful laundry business. Due to his success, he was able to ensure that his children had a good
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Hackley and her husband co-founded the
Imperial Order of Libyans, to combat racial prejudice and foment equality. At the turn of the twentieth century, Edwin sold his interest in
170:, Corilla founded a school in Murfreesboro for former enslaved people and their children. She gave voice lessons at night. In 1870, the school was threatened and attacked by the
261:
She promoted racial pride through music. She defined herself as a "race musical missionary." She wanted children to be inspired, stimulated, and trained at her concerts. The
359:, a "how to" on becoming a refined African American lady. She defined beauty, duty, and career and leadership opportunities for black women. She was described as one of
109:, she promoted racial pride through her support and promotion of music education for African Americans. She was a choir director and organized Folk Songs Festivals in
230:
Her health suffered due to the high altitude and
Hackley decided to move east for her health. In 1901 or 1905, Hackley separated from her husband and left Denver for
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258:. While receiving her education, she was the assistant director of a large choir in Denver and was the choir director at her church.
182:. Corilla was a teacher and supported herself and the girls after the Smiths separated. Hackley had a younger sister named Marietta.
190:
white in order to further her musical career. She refused to deny her heritage and remained proud of her roots throughout her life.
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A special collection, the E. Azalia
Hackley Collection of African Americans in the Performing Arts, was founded in her name at the
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She gathered recommendations that she had made during her lecture tours for Black woman to succeed. In 1916, Hackley published
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acknowledged her efforts to draw
African Americans into music and said that she was "one of the best vocalists in the city."
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in 1921 and was brought back to Detroit. She died on December 13, 1922, at the home of her sister, Mrs. Marieta Johnson, in
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and other hostile groups during evening singing lessons. Concerned for the safety of their family, the Smiths moved to
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Performing racial uplift : E. Azalia Hackley and African American activism in the postbellum to pre-Harlem era
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She was driven by a philosophy to uplift people, which she did by delivering lectures inspired by the 19th-century
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Performing Racial Uplift: E. Azalia Hackley and African American Activism in the Post-Bellum to Pre-Harlem Era
162:, she was the daughter of Henry B. and Corilla (Carrilla) Smith. Her mother, formerly Corilla Beard, lived in
206:, Colorado in 1894. After the marriage, she moved to Colorado with him. Edwin Henry Hackley, educated at the
374:
spiritual movement. She also enjoyed giving music lessons to large audiences. Juanita Karpf wrote the book
424:
A portrait of Hackley, painted by Detroit artist Telitha Cumi Bowens, was included in the 1988/89 exhibit
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432:, Detroit. The exhibit featured a dozen prominent Black women from the state of Michigan, including the
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Hackley held her first performance of a concert tour in Denver in 1901. In 1901, Hackley moved to
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and her father was from Murfreesboro. They moved south after their marriage. The daughter of an
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325:, a well-known opera singer and vocal coach in 1905 and 1906. She trained artists such as
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772:"Corilla Beard Smith – Education in Rutherford County after the Civil War, 1867–1887"
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and schools. Hackley studied music for years, including in Paris under opera singer
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in 1900. She was the first African American graduate of the school. Trained in the
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122:
1164:"African-American Woman Was A Pioneer In The American Classical Music Tradition"
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210:, was the first African American admitted to the Colorado bar. He co-founded
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150:, a manual on becoming an accomplished and refined African American lady.
371:
1225:. Detroit, MI: Museum of African American History. 1989. pp. 19–21.
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311:
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Black Past states that she separated and went to Philadelphia in 1905.
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to an international audience at the World Sunday School Convention in
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United States Federal Census, Records of the Bureau of the Census
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570:"Azalia Smith Hackley—Musical Prodigy and Pioneering Journalist"
203:
1055:"The Colored Girl Beautiful by E. Azalia Hackley – Free Ebook"
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The Allure of Blackness among Mixed-Race Americans, 1862–1916
315:
133:
925:, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: C.E. Howe Company, p. 817
268:
878:"Emma Hackley, Music Educator born Saturday, June 29, 1867"
692:"Mme. E. Azalia Hackley is Dead After Months of Illness"
140:. She was a newspaper editor for the women's section of
105:, newspaper editor, teacher, and political activist. An
1079:
Hackley, E. Azalia (Emma Azalia) (February 21, 2010).
178:, Michigan, in 1870 or in the 1870s. Her father was a
129:. She founded the Vocal Normal Institute in Chicago.
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344:In 1912, she formed the Vocal Normal Institute in
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1004:
386:Hackley collapsed on stage while performing in
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306:She organized Folk Songs Festivals to present
132:Hackley co-founded both the Imperial Order of
1022:. University of Nebraska Press. p. 188.
1000:, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, July 11, 1940
454:List of African American pioneers of Colorado
726:
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658:
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158:Born Emma Azalia Smith on June 29, 1867, in
1369:19th-century African-American women singers
1339:19th-century African-American women writers
1319:20th-century African-American women singers
1198:digitalcollections.detroitpubliclibrary.org
910:, Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1910
851:, Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1880
842:
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776:Stones River Battlefield Historic Landscape
276:She established the Colorado branch of the
202:, an attorney and newspaper publisher from
981:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1016:Dineen-Wimberly, Ingrid (2019-10-01).
908:Thirteenth Census of the United States
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736:Oxford African American Studies Center
1359:Burials at Elmwood Cemetery (Detroit)
1354:19th-century African-American writers
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117:. She was a music teacher who taught
1134:"The Passing of Mme. Azalia Hackley"
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1349:19th-century American women writers
1324:20th-century American women singers
1294:19th-century American women singers
1269:People from Murfreesboro, Tennessee
1174:from the original on April 17, 2015
1111:. University Press of Mississippi.
906:"E. Azalia Hackley, Philadelphia",
629:Peterson, Heather (June 30, 2008).
13:
1087:from the original on July 18, 2018
923:Boyd's Philadelphia City Directory
816:"Madame Emma Azalia Smith Hackley"
793:
641:from the original on March 3, 2016
511:from the original on June 18, 2015
502:
430:Museum of African American History
417:Emma Hackley (in spectacles) with
14:
1385:
1233:
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394:, Michigan. She is buried at the
367:by Lois Brevard, her biographer.
146:and an author. Hackley published
1314:19th-century American educators
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1186:
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1144:from the original on 2021-11-07
1115:from the original on 2021-11-08
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1036:from the original on 2024-07-10
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964:from the original on 2024-07-10
929:
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888:from the original on 2021-11-08
782:from the original on 2021-11-08
742:from the original on 2023-07-22
732:"Search Results: Corilla Smith"
702:from the original on 2021-11-08
690:White, Lucien H. (1922-12-23).
580:from the original on 2021-11-07
476:
254:vocal style, she was a concert
507:. No. December 30, 1922.
496:
466:
1:
1344:19th-century American writers
1329:20th-century American singers
1299:19th-century American singers
489:
438:Ethelene Jones Crockett, M.D.
153:
16:Singer and political activist
1081:"The Colored Girl Beautiful"
1057:. 2019-05-24. Archived from
663:"Madame E. Azalia Hackley",
321:In Paris, she studied under
67:1922 (aged 54–55)
7:
1194:"Emma Azalia Smith Hackley"
820:elmwoodhistoriccemetery.org
669:June 29, 1867 date of birth
447:
308:African American Spirituals
193:
101:(1867–1922), was a concert
10:
1390:
1279:African-American musicians
357:The Colored Girl Beautiful
280:and was the editor of the
148:The Colored Girl Beautiful
1140:. 1922-12-16. p. 5.
882:African American Registry
284:, the woman's section of
272:Emma Azalia Hackley, 1922
237:
225:Statesman-cum-Denver Star
216:with Joseph D.D. Rivers.
111:African American churches
78:
63:
37:
28:
21:
1334:American music educators
1108:Performing Racial Uplift
459:
381:
936:Karpf, Juanita (2022).
434:Honorable Cora M. Brown
310:. She introduced Black
160:Murfreesboro, Tennessee
56:Murfreesboro, Tennessee
1284:Musicians from Detroit
1274:Singers from Tennessee
421:
403:Detroit Public Library
297:
287:The Colorado Statesman
278:Colored Women's League
273:
248:Denver School of Music
208:University of Michigan
138:Colored Women's League
1289:Musicians from Denver
921:"E. Azalia Hackley",
631:"Emma Azalia Hackley"
416:
292:
271:
998:Certificate of Death
996:"Edwin H. Hackley",
665:Certificate of Death
99:Azalia Smith Hackley
1240:Emma Azalia Hackley
847:"Azalia E. Smith",
242:Hackley earned her
200:Edwin Henry Hackley
91:Emma Azalia Hackley
83:Edwin Henry Hackley
23:Emma Azalia Hackley
1374:American lecturers
1168:Schiller Institute
576:. March 27, 2017.
503:Taylor, Julius F.
442:Fannie M. Richards
422:
409:In popular culture
282:Statesman Exponent
274:
223:and published the
1364:Colorado pioneers
1029:978-1-4962-0507-0
949:978-1-4968-3672-4
335:R. Nathaniel Dett
244:bachelor's degree
127:R. Nathaniel Dett
95:E. Azalia Hackley
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71:Detroit, Michigan
42:Emma Azalia Smith
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396:Elmwood Cemetery
361:W. E. B. Du Bois
107:African American
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426:Ain't I A Woman
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52:June 29, 1867
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1244:Find a Grave
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1202:the original
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1038:. Retrieved
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966:. Retrieved
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824:the original
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645:February 18,
643:. Retrieved
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582:. Retrieved
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398:in Detroit.
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218:
211:
198:She married
197:
188:
184:
172:Ku Klux Klan
157:
147:
141:
131:
119:Roland Hayes
98:
94:
90:
89:
1264:1922 deaths
1259:1867 births
942:. Jackson.
372:New Thought
263:Denver Post
1253:Categories
1208:2021-11-07
1148:2021-11-07
1119:2021-11-08
1091:January 1,
1065:2019-05-24
1040:2021-12-19
968:2022-05-22
958:1286677110
892:2021-11-08
830:2021-11-07
786:2021-11-08
746:2021-11-08
706:2021-11-08
635:Black Past
584:2021-11-07
490:References
473:education.
312:folk music
295:interests.
180:blacksmith
154:Early life
48:1867-06-29
977:cite book
405:in 1943.
388:San Diego
252:bel canto
246:from the
1178:June 22,
1172:Archived
1142:Archived
1113:Archived
1085:Archived
1034:Archived
962:Archived
886:Archived
780:Archived
740:Archived
700:Archived
639:Archived
578:Archived
515:June 22,
509:Archived
448:See also
350:Illinois
194:Marriage
136:and the
428:at the
392:Detroit
346:Chicago
256:soprano
176:Detroit
164:Detroit
134:Libyans
103:soprano
1026:
956:
946:
333:, and
238:Career
204:Denver
125:, and
79:Spouse
73:, U.S.
58:, U.S.
460:Notes
382:Death
316:Tokyo
1180:2015
1093:2019
1024:ISBN
983:link
954:OCLC
944:ISBN
647:2016
517:2015
97:and
64:Died
38:Born
1242:at
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