1036:
1052:
1095:
complain to
Taizong who said "Yuanjie is literate and enjoys learning; that should be sufficient to make him a worthy prince. If when young he is immoderate, then it is necessary to have entreaties to rein in his ridicule. But if you slander him without good reason, how is that going to help him?" However, Yuanjie under peer pressure from his friends feigned illness and began neglecting his duties. Concerned, Taizong checked the Prince's progress daily. He summoned Yuanjie's wet nurse after the Prince still was "ill" for a month with the wet nurse stating "The Prince is basically not sick; it's just that with Yao Tan checking up on him, he can seldom follow his inclinations, and thus has become sick." This enraged Emperor Taizong ordering her to be caned.
333:
1166:
893:, Zhao Dezhao was leading an army when rumours spread that Emperor Taizong had disappeared, and that Zhao Dezhao should be the new emperor. Upon hearing that, Emperor Taizong did not award the troops when they returned. When Zhao Dezhao asked him, Emperor Taizong barked back, "You do that when you become the new emperor!" According to this account, Zhao Dezhao immediately went to his palace and killed himself and when Taizong heard about the suicide, he was very sad and hugged the corpse crying.
64:
1091:
Yuanzuo to commoner status and exiled him. This, was changed when 100 officials rejected
Yuanzuo's exile and pressured Taizong to let Yuanzuo remain in the palace. Three officials who had responsibility for Yuanzuo asked to be punished by Taizong in which Taizong said "This son, even I have been unable to reform through my teaching. How could you guide him?" in response.
900:, died in 981 from an unidentified illness. Just 22, he was unusually young. Emperor Taizong was very sad and visited Defang's grave and cancelled meetings for 5 days. During the same year, Emperors Taizong and Taizu's younger brother, Zhao Tingmei (previously known as Zhao Guangmei and Zhao Kuangmei), was also stripped of his title "Prince of Qi" and sent to the
1162:) in terms of military conquests and achievements and decided to focus more on developing his dynasty internally and establish his legacy. He implemented a series of economic and literary reforms which were better than his brother's. He also initiated many construction projects and inducted new systems absent in Emperor Taizu's reign.
1006:
Amidst the onslaught, Emperor
Taizong fled towards Yi Prefecture and arrived there safely with his generals protecting him. He sustained an injury from an arrow and was unable to ride on his horse and had to travel by carriage back to Ding Prefecture. Emperor Taizong ordered a retreat after that. The
1133:
Emperor
Taizong was aware that the failure of the East Army would affect the entire campaign and he ordered a retreat. He ordered the East Army to return, the Central Army to guard Ding Prefecture and the West Army to guard four prefectures near the border. Following the defeat of the East Army, the
868:
and maids standing in a distance saw that
Emperor Taizong's shadow on the window moved a lot and appeared antsy. It was getting late and several inches of snow have fallen on the inside of the hall. Then they heard an axe chopping the snow, with Emperor Taizu saying, "Do it right! Do it right!" Soon
1138:
attacked them as they retreated. The West Army led by Pan Mei met Yelü Xiezhen's army at Dai
Prefecture and faced another defeat at the hands of the Liao army. The two commanders of the West Army started to argue about retreating. Yang Ye proposed that they should retreat since the East and Central
1022:
was significant as it was one of the major contributing factors to the Song dynasty's decision to adopt a defensive stance. The early Song army suffered its first major defeat in battle. Meanwhile, Emperor
Taizong was also troubled by the possibility that Zhao Dezhao would launch a coup. After the
1094:
In 983, the practice of officials tutoring imperial princes began under his reign. One notable case was
Emperor Taizong's son Zhao Yuanjie and his tutor Yao Tan (935–1003) in which Yao constantly berated the young prince for being idle and lazy causing resentment from the prince. Yao attempted to
998:
region, west of
Yanjing. Emperor Taizong ordered his army to attack the reinforcements. Initially, he received reports that the Liao army was suffering heavy casualties. He ordered a full assault on the Liao army as he thought that the whole battle was under his control. Just then, Yelü Xiuge and
1146:
Emperor
Taizong ordered another retreat following the Song armies' defeats by Yelü Xiuge and Yelü Xiezhen. The failure of the second campaign was attributed to the miscommunication between the three armies and their failures to operate together. Besides, Emperor Taizong had also restricted the
1125:
The three armies scored some victories initially but they became more divided later as they acted individually without cooperation. Cao Bin took the risk by attacking without the support of the other two armies. He succeeded in taking Zhuo Prefecture but the lack of food supplies forced him to
1090:
During this time, Zhao Yuanzuo, Taizong's oldest son became insane after the death of his uncle, Zhao Tingmei, and that he was not invited to the Double Night Daylight Feast which ultimately caused Yuanzuo to burn down the palace. As a result, Taizong, under the pressure of his censors demoted
665:'s deathbed as a result of her instruction. A popular story dating back from at least the 11th century suggests that Emperor Taizong murdered his brother in the dim candlelight when the sound of an axe was allegedly heard. Whatever the truth, Zhao Guangyi had been prefect of the Song capital
1023:
battle, Emperor Taizong personally inspected and focused more on the development and strengthening of his military forces. He ignored his subjects' advice and regarded state affairs as of lower importance. He also limited the power and control that the
1003:'s armies attacked from two sides. Yelü Xiuge concentrated on attacking Emperor Taizong's main camp. Emperor Taizong was shocked and evacuated from the battlefield. During the evacuation, the Song army was divided and obliterated by the Liao cavalry.
849:, was already 25 years old in 976, certainly old enough to handle an emperor's duties. Also suspicious is that Zhao Pu, banished in 973 by Emperor Taizu for allegations of corruption, returned to the capital in 976 and was made the
869:
enough Emperor Taizu was heard snoring. Several hours later, he was pronounced dead by his brother, who spent the night in his palace. This legend has been referred to as "sound of the axe in the shadow of the flickering candle" (
911:
After Emperor Taizong's ascension to the throne, there were persistent doubts as to the legitimacy of the succession, and a popular prophecy arose that Taizu's descendants will rightfully return to the throne one day
1147:
decisions of his generals as he had arbitrarily planned the whole campaign against Liao and his generals had to adhere to his orders strictly. These failures led to internal rebellions which were crushed swiftly.
747:
Emperor Taizong is remembered as a hardworking and diligent emperor. He paid great attention to the welfare of his people and made the Song Empire more prosperous. He adopted the centralization policies of the
817:, who was 49 and had no recorded illness. It is rather unusual in Chinese history for a brother rather than the son to succeed the throne, so the event fueled popular belief that foul play was involved.
1143:. Yang Ye led an army to face the Liao troops but they were trapped and Yang committed suicide eventually. Pan Mei was supposed to arrive with reinforcements to support Yang but he failed to do so.
878:
Modern historians were unable to find any concrete evidence suggesting murder; however they generally accept that the "Golden Shelf Promise" was fraud fabricated by Emperor Taizong and Zhao Pu.
1150:
In 988, the Liao armies led by Empress Dowager Xiao attacked the Song border again. Emperor Taizong did not order a counter-attack and merely instructed the troops to defend firmly.
2631:
1139:
Armies had already lost the advantage following their defeats. However, the other generals on Pan Mei's side began to doubt Yang's loyalty to Song as Yang Ye used to serve
1119:
2273:
Lau Nap-yin; Huang K’uan-chung (2009). "Founding and Consolidation of the Sung Dynasty under T'ai-tsu (960–976), T'ai-tsung (976–997), and Chen-tsung (997–1022)". In
1015:(Emperor Taizong's nephew), be the new emperor. Emperor Taizong's suspicions were raised when he heard that and eventually he ordered Zhao Dezhao to commit suicide.
1102:
and directed the war there without personally entering the battlefield. He split the army into three sections – East, Central and West. The East Army was led by
860:, wrote an account about the last night of Emperor Taizu. According to this account, he was dining and drinking with Emperor Taizong, then still the "Prince of
1126:
retreat. As there was miscommunication between the three armies, the East Army attacked Zhuo Prefecture again. However, this time, Empress Dowager Xiao and
995:
824:
before her death in 961 asked the 34-year-old Emperor Taizu to promise that his brother would succeed him so as to ensure the continuation of the
2595:
1107:
842:) was also allegedly recorded and sealed, by secretary Zhao Pu and reopened after Emperor Taizong's succession to prove the latter's legitimacy.
984:
2627:
1035:
1051:
1087:
became the regent. Emperor Taizong decided to launch the second campaign against Liao in 986, following the advice of his subjects.
2408:
1130:
each led an army to support Zhuo Prefecture. The East Army was inflicted with a crushing defeat and almost completely destroyed.
2665:
952:
2611:
2290:
2210:
2174:
2099:
1956:
2583:
2579:
2417:
1961:
82:
1996:
725:
2571:
1173:
Emperor Taizong died in 997 after reigning for 21 years at the age of 57. He was succeeded by his third son, who became
885:, Emperor Taizu's eldest son, three years after his father's death. During Emperor Taizong's first campaign against the
2575:
2567:
1966:
2660:
657:, who both died in their twenties during his reign) is not entirely understood by later historians. According to
669:
since 961 where he gradually consolidated power. He was the only living prince during Emperor Taizu's reign (as
2263:
2238:
1991:
785:, forcing Emperor Gaozong to seek a successor among Taizu's descendants, as Gaozong's only son had died young.
548:
481:
414:
73:
1007:
Song army was without a commander as Emperor Taizong was separated from his troops. The troops suggested that
258:
Emperor Zhiren Yingdao Shengong Shengde Wenwu Ruilie Daming Guangxiao (至仁應道神功聖德文武睿烈大明廣孝皇帝) (conferred in 1017)
2607:
562:
495:
428:
204:
1118:. All the three armies would attack Yanjing from three sides and capture it. The campaign was termed as the
2670:
777:
onwards, subsequent emperors were descendants of his brother, Emperor Taizu. This largely stemmed from the
967:
in 979, Emperor Taizong took advantage of the momentum and launched another military campaign against the
908:
died, her body was not buried with her late husband and not given the recognition according to tradition.
2401:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
905:
782:
27:
2282:
1205:
198:
146:
2504:
2233:
2138:
2076:
1217:
1076:
1056:
1040:
930:, the first emperor of the Southern Song dynasty, whose own son Zhao Fu died young, lacked an heir.
2559:
2499:
2456:
2451:
1072:
1019:
947:
in 979 and ordered the flooding of enemy cities by releasing the Fen River. The Northern Han ruler
919:
774:
721:
300:
171:
2551:
2494:
2466:
2446:
1084:
927:
857:
770:
332:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2555:
2394:
2279:
The Cambridge History of China, Volume 5: The Sung Dynasty and its Precursors, 907–1279, Part 1
1376:
638:
of China. He reigned from 976 to his death in 997. He was a younger brother of his predecessor
2124:
2587:
2563:
2547:
2431:
2350:
2200:
2164:
2089:
1159:
1008:
814:
798:
639:
110:
2524:
753:
20:
8:
2655:
2650:
828:. She reportedly asked Emperor Taizu, "Do you know why you came to power? It was because
729:
717:
1847:
1165:
850:
821:
662:
321:
922:
became emperor after the capture of most of Taizong's line by the Jurchens during the
2286:
2259:
2206:
2170:
2095:
923:
778:
681:
216:
2529:
2509:
2441:
2376:
2367:
1254:
1174:
733:
658:
643:
585:
518:
451:
384:
353:
120:
813:
Emperor Taizong succeeded the throne in 976 after the death of his elder brother,
649:
Why Emperor Taizong succeeded his brother rather than Emperor Taizu's grown sons (
2471:
2461:
2274:
2041:
1122:
as it took place in the third year of the Yongxi era of Emperor Taizong's reign.
1064:
674:
251:
38:
1135:
1000:
2519:
2514:
2386:
1284:
Virtuous Consort, of the Zhu clan (德妃 朱氏, d. 1035), personal name Chonghui (冲惠)
983:) after the success. However, the siege failed when the Liao defending general
150:
69:
43:
856:
Wen Ying, a Buddhist monk who lived in the era of Emperor Taizong's grandson,
769:
All subsequent emperors of the Northern Song were his descendants, as well as
2644:
2142:
2061:
2024:
1024:
968:
886:
757:
284:
1287:
Able Consort, of the Shao clan (賢妃 邵氏, d. 1016), personal name Zhaoming (昭明)
1127:
991:
2357:
2320:
2121:
1627:
1388:
1140:
1080:
972:
964:
951:
was forced to surrender, thus ending all the kingdoms and dynasties in the
944:
890:
825:
741:
713:
709:
701:
697:
685:
635:
592:
525:
458:
391:
311:
296:
34:
979:
and took Zhuo and Yi Prefectures easily. He besieged Yanjing (present-day
1012:
897:
882:
846:
833:
737:
705:
654:
650:
627:
263:
918:). This prophecy proved true when Taizu's seventh-generation descendant
2117:
948:
829:
749:
97:
2534:
781:, whereby most of Emperor Taizong's descendants were abducted by the
2306:
26:"Zhao Guangyi" redirects here. For the Southern Han chancellor, see
762:
752:, which include increasing agricultural production, broadening the
693:
904:. He died three years later. Moreover, when Emperor Taizu's widow
63:
1115:
1111:
1103:
1099:
980:
976:
901:
861:
808:
802:
794:
666:
291:
279:
167:
142:
2202:
Branches of Heaven: A History of the Imperial Clan of Sung China
2166:
Branches of Heaven: A History of the Imperial Clan of Sung China
2091:
Branches of Heaven: A History of the Imperial Clan of Sung China
2044:
760:, expanding the civil service and further limiting the power of
661:, his succession was confirmed by Emperor Taizu on their mother
865:
184:
2256:
Branches of Heaven: History of the Imperial Clan of Sung China
1047:. Year 8 of the Taipingxingguo era (AD 983) (top of the stele)
720:
in the southeast proved disastrous: after the failures in the
689:
1158:
Emperor Taizong felt that he could not surpass his brother (
975:. In May 979, Emperor Taizong embarked on his campaign from
1060:
1044:
1030:
1083:. As Emperor Shengzong was too young to rule the kingdom,
958:
680:
In the first three years of his reign, he intimidated the
597:
530:
463:
396:
943:
Emperor Taizong personally led the campaign against
704:
for the first time in 72 years. However, subsequent
805:. He was the Prince of Jin in his brother's reign.
2307:The Veritable Records of the Song Emperor Taizong
736:(at least in their entirety) would remain beyond
2642:
2416:
2198:
2162:
2087:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
809:Succeeding the throne and suspected fratricide
2402:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1487:
1478:
1469:
1457:
1445:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1392:
1380:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1335:
1329:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1258:
1246:
1237:
1221:
1209:
1190:
1063:. Year 8 of the Taipingxingguo era (AD 983) (
913:
870:
837:
801:took the throne, he was appointed prefect of
567:
553:
500:
486:
433:
419:
358:
2183:
2147:
2409:
2395:
2094:. Harvard Univ Asia Center. pp. 27–.
2081:
938:
62:
2272:
1278:Noble Consort Sun, of the Sun clan (貴妃孫氏)
1027:and military officers had over the army.
990:Concurrently, Liao reinforcements led by
836:!" The so-called "Golden Shelf Promise" (
696:into submission and easily conquered the
2205:. Harvard Univ Asia Center. p. 35.
2169:. Harvard Univ Asia Center. p. 34.
1164:
1153:
1050:
1034:
1031:Second campaign against the Liao dynasty
881:Also worth mentioning is the suicide of
875:) and proved to be popular to this day.
618:(20 November 939 – 8 May 997), known as
1281:Worthy Consort, of the Gao clan (贤妃 高氏)
959:First campaign against the Liao dynasty
2643:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1644:
1543:
1539:
953:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
771:the first emperor of the Southern Song
183:Yongxi Mausoleum (永熙陵, in present-day
19:For the Liu Song emperor Taizong, see
2390:
2014:
2012:
1957:Chinese emperors family tree (middle)
1907:
1904:
1894:
1882:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1852:
1846:
1836:
1823:
1813:
1809:
1797:
1794:
1784:
1771:
1761:
1757:
1736:
1726:
1714:
1704:
1700:
1688:
1685:
1675:
1662:
1652:
1648:
1632:
1626:
1616:
1603:
1593:
1589:
1577:
1574:
1564:
1551:
1547:
1417:Zhao Yuanxi, Crown Prince Zhaocheng (
1055:Monument in memory of renovating the
1039:Monument in memory of renovating the
933:
2232:
2055:
2034:
2032:
2018:
1962:List of emperors of the Song dynasty
1426:Zhao Yuanfen, Prince Shanggongjing (
2253:
2075:Wen Ying. (Northern Song Dynasty).
1299:Zhao Yuancheng, Prince Chugonghui (
793:Emperor Taizong was born in 939 in
174:(present-day Kaifeng, Henan, China)
13:
2258:. Harvard University Asia Center.
2077:Xiang Shan Ye Lu (湘山野錄), Addendum.
2049:
2045:Chinese-Western Calendar Converter
2009:
1334:; d. 1024), personal name Qingyu (
1245:Zhao Yuanzuo, Prince Hangongxian (
642:, and the father of his successor
14:
2682:
2300:
2029:
1737:Emperor Taizong of Song (939–997)
1345:Noble Consort, of the Fang clan (
1290:Noble Consort, of the Zang clan (
1967:Architecture of the Song dynasty
1444:Zhao Yuanwo, Prince Zhengongyi (
1435:Zhao Yuanjie, Prince Yuewenhui (
1236:Empress Yuande, of the Li clan (
1189:Empress Shude, of the Yin clan (
634:, was the second emperor of the
331:
143:Xunyi County, Kaifeng Prefecture
864:", beside some candles. Palace
820:According to official history,
238:Taiping Xingguo (太平興國; 976–984)
2129:
2108:
2066:
1992:Technology of the Song dynasty
1079:ascended to the throne of the
987:defended the fortress firmly.
626:before 960, also known by his
598:
568:
554:
531:
501:
487:
464:
434:
420:
397:
359:
74:National Palace Museum, Taipei
1:
2666:10th-century Chinese monarchs
2596:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
2002:
788:
2418:Emperors of the Song dynasty
2277:; Smith, Paul Jakov (eds.).
2143:History of Song, Volume 293.
1360:; 988–1051), ninth daughter
1314:; d. 1033), fourth daughter
1098:Emperor Taizong remained in
896:Emperor Taizu's second son,
845:Emperor Taizu's eldest son,
370:"Great Ancestor of the Song"
16:10th-century Chinese emperor
7:
2358:Emperor of the Song Dynasty
2120:. (Northern Song dynasty).
1987:Society of the Song dynasty
1982:History of the Song dynasty
1977:Economy of the Song dynasty
1972:Culture of the Song dynasty
1950:
1529:
1512:; d. 1004), fifth daughter
1483:; d. 990), second daughter
222:
92:15 November 976 – 8 May 997
83:Emperor of the Song dynasty
28:Zhao Guangyi (Southern Han)
10:
2687:
2283:Cambridge University Press
2223:
1751:
1638:
1541:
32:
25:
18:
2545:
2487:
2478:
2424:
2374:
2364:
2355:
2347:
2342:
2314:
2254:Chaffee, John W. (1999).
1997:Battle of Bạch Đằng (981)
1888:
1870:
1866:
1858:
1830:
1811:
1803:
1778:
1759:
1755:
1720:
1702:
1694:
1669:
1650:
1646:
1610:
1591:
1583:
1558:
1545:
1517:
1508:
1503:; d. 983), third daughter
1499:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1458:
1454:Zhao Yuanyi, Prince Chong
1446:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1393:
1381:
1365:
1356:
1347:
1336:
1330:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1292:
1259:
1247:
1238:
1222:
1210:
1191:
1180:
1077:Emperor Shengzong of Liao
914:
871:
838:
609:
591:
584:
579:
575:
561:
547:
542:
524:
517:
512:
508:
494:
480:
475:
457:
450:
445:
441:
427:
413:
408:
390:
383:
378:
374:
366:
352:
348:
343:
327:
317:
307:
290:
278:
269:
262:
257:
250:
237:
232:
228:
215:
192:
178:
157:
130:
126:
116:
106:
96:
88:
81:
61:
52:
2316:Emperor Taizong of Song
2199:John W. Chaffee (1999).
2163:John W. Chaffee (1999).
2088:John W. Chaffee (1999).
1848:Empress Dowager Zhaoxian
1405:, of the Li clan (淑儀 李氏)
1305:; 981–1014), seventh son
1120:Yongxi Northern Campaign
1075:in 982, the 12-year-old
1073:Emperor Jingzong of Liao
1020:Battle of Gaoliang River
722:Battle of Gaoliang River
549:Traditional Chinese
482:Traditional Chinese
415:Traditional Chinese
322:Empress Dowager Zhaoxian
53:Emperor Taizong of Song
1432:; 969–1005), fourth son
1411:, of the Wu clan (淑儀吳氏)
1397:; 986–1044), eighth son
1317:Married Chai Zongqing (
1169:Tomb of Emperor Taizong
939:Conquering Northern Han
708:wars to conquer former
673:) and placed above all
632:Emperor Taizong of Song
563:Simplified Chinese
496:Simplified Chinese
429:Simplified Chinese
344:Emperor Taizong of Song
2661:Northern Song emperors
2236:; et al. (1345).
1450:; 977–1018), sixth son
1441:; 972–1003), fifth son
1423:; 966–992), second son
1263:; 968–1022), third son
1251:; 965–1027), first son
1170:
1106:, the Central Army by
1068:
1048:
834:seven-year-old emperor
677:in regular audiences.
242:Duangong (端拱; 988–989)
136:Zhao Guangyi (960–977)
134:Zhao Kuangyi (939–960)
1515:Married Wang Yiyong (
1391:, Prince Zhougongsu (
1168:
1154:Later reign after 988
1110:and the West Army by
1054:
1038:
744:in the 14th century.
716:in the north and the
712:territories from the
244:Chunhua (淳化; 990–994)
172:Northern Song dynasty
68:Palace portrait on a
2285:. pp. 206–278.
1379:, of the Wang clan (
1185:Consorts and Issue:
1085:Empress Dowager Xiao
797:. After his brother
754:imperial examination
622:from 960 to 977 and
246:Zhidao (至道; 995–997)
240:Yongxi (雍熙; 984–988)
138:Zhao Jiong (977–997)
21:Emperor Ming of Song
2671:People from Kaifeng
1575:Zhao Jing (872–933)
1521:; 986–1056) in 1003
1486:Married Wu Yuanyi (
1369:; 988–1038) in 1008
1323:; 982–1044) in 1002
1071:After the death of
1057:Temple of Confucius
1041:Temple of Confucius
730:Sixteen Prefectures
726:Battle of Bạch Đằng
2141:. (Yuan dynasty).
1497:Princess Chunmei (
1492:; 962–1011) in 984
1477:Princess Yinghui (
1363:Married Li Zunxu (
1220:, of the Li clan (
1208:, of the Fu clan (
1171:
1069:
1049:
934:Military campaigns
822:Empress Dowager Du
756:system, compiling
740:control until the
700:, thus reunifying
663:Empress Dowager Du
2638:
2637:
2385:
2384:
2365:Succeeded by
2292:978-0-521-81248-1
2275:Twitchett, Dennis
2212:978-0-674-08049-2
2176:978-0-674-08049-2
2125:(涑水記聞), Volume 2.
2101:978-0-674-08049-2
1947:
1946:
1506:Princess Yishun (
1354:Princess Xianmu (
1340:), sixth daughter
1328:Princess Ciming (
1308:Princess Hejing (
1134:Liao army led by
1065:tortoise pedestal
994:arrived from the
963:Having conquered
924:Jingkang incident
779:Jingkang Incident
613:
612:
605:
604:
586:Standard Mandarin
538:
537:
519:Standard Mandarin
471:
470:
452:Standard Mandarin
404:
403:
385:Standard Mandarin
339:
338:
274:
273:
147:Later Jin dynasty
2678:
2482:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2388:
2387:
2377:Emperor of China
2368:Emperor Zhenzong
2348:Preceded by
2338:
2331:
2312:
2311:
2296:
2269:
2250:
2231:
2217:
2216:
2196:
2181:
2180:
2160:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2085:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2053:
2047:
2040:
2036:
2027:
2016:
1535:
1534:
1520:
1519:
1511:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1491:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1473:
1472:
1461:
1460:
1449:
1448:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1430:
1422:
1421:
1396:
1395:
1384:
1383:
1377:Virtuous Consort
1368:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1332:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1295:
1294:
1272:Unnamed daughter
1267:Unnamed daughter
1262:
1261:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1225:
1224:
1213:
1212:
1199:unnamed daughter
1194:
1193:
1175:Emperor Zhenzong
917:
916:
874:
873:
841:
840:
775:Emperor Xiaozong
773:. However, from
734:Northern Vietnam
718:Early Lê dynasty
675:grand councilors
659:official history
644:Emperor Zhenzong
601:
600:
577:
576:
571:
570:
557:
556:
534:
533:
510:
509:
504:
503:
490:
489:
467:
466:
443:
442:
437:
436:
423:
422:
400:
399:
376:
375:
362:
361:
341:
340:
335:
230:
229:
164:
121:Emperor Zhenzong
66:
57:
50:
49:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2541:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2420:
2415:
2380:
2370:
2361:
2353:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2317:
2303:
2293:
2266:
2247:History of Song
2229:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2197:
2184:
2177:
2161:
2148:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2054:
2050:
2042:Academia Sinica
2038:
2037:
2030:
2017:
2010:
2005:
1953:
1948:
1604:Empress Huiming
1532:
1466:Princess Heqing
1183:
1156:
1033:
1025:imperial family
1011:'s eldest son,
961:
941:
936:
902:Western Capital
858:Emperor Renzong
811:
791:
367:Literal meaning
252:Posthumous name
245:
243:
241:
239:
210:
208:
203:
201:
197:
188:
166:
162:
141:
140:20 November 939
139:
137:
135:
102:15 November 976
77:
55:
54:
48:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2684:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2636:
2635:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2391:
2383:
2382:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2363:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2343:Regnal titles
2340:
2339:
2318:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2301:External links
2299:
2298:
2297:
2291:
2270:
2264:
2251:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2211:
2182:
2175:
2146:
2128:
2107:
2100:
2080:
2065:
2048:
2028:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:Empress Jianmu
1684:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1475:
1463:
1451:
1442:
1433:
1424:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1306:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1252:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1218:Empress Mingde
1215:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1182:
1179:
1155:
1152:
1032:
1029:
996:Gaoliang River
960:
957:
940:
937:
935:
932:
810:
807:
790:
787:
758:encyclopaedias
611:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
595:
589:
588:
582:
581:
580:Transcriptions
573:
572:
565:
559:
558:
551:
545:
544:
540:
539:
536:
535:
528:
522:
521:
515:
514:
513:Transcriptions
506:
505:
498:
492:
491:
484:
478:
477:
473:
472:
469:
468:
461:
455:
454:
448:
447:
446:Transcriptions
439:
438:
431:
425:
424:
417:
411:
410:
406:
405:
402:
401:
394:
388:
387:
381:
380:
379:Transcriptions
372:
371:
368:
364:
363:
356:
350:
349:
346:
345:
337:
336:
329:
325:
324:
319:
315:
314:
309:
305:
304:
294:
288:
287:
282:
276:
275:
272:
271:
267:
266:
260:
259:
255:
254:
248:
247:
235:
234:
226:
225:
219:
213:
212:
209:Empress Yuande
205:Empress Mingde
194:
190:
189:
182:
180:
176:
175:
165:(aged 57)
159:
155:
154:
151:Kaifeng, Henan
132:
128:
127:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
100:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
79:
78:
72:, kept in the
70:hanging scroll
67:
59:
58:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2683:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:Southern Song
2486:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:Northern Song
2423:
2419:
2412:
2407:
2405:
2400:
2398:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2360:
2359:
2352:
2351:Emperor Taizu
2346:
2341:
2336:
2329:
2324:
2322:
2321:House of Zhao
2313:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2294:
2288:
2284:
2281:. Cambridge:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2228:
2227:
2214:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2144:
2140:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2111:
2103:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2084:
2078:
2069:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2035:
2033:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2008:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1549:
1537:
1536:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1496:
1485:
1484:
1476:
1467:
1464:
1455:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1378:
1375:
1362:
1361:
1353:
1352:
1344:
1327:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1298:
1297:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1256:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1216:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1176:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1160:Emperor Taizu
1151:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1131:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:Tian Zhongjin
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1028:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1009:Emperor Taizu
1004:
1002:
997:
993:
988:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
956:
954:
950:
946:
931:
929:
925:
921:
909:
907:
903:
899:
894:
892:
888:
884:
879:
876:
867:
863:
859:
854:
852:
848:
843:
835:
831:
827:
823:
818:
816:
815:Emperor Taizu
806:
804:
800:
799:Emperor Taizu
796:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
765:
764:
759:
755:
751:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
678:
676:
672:
671:Prince of Jin
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
647:
645:
641:
640:Emperor Taizu
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
608:
596:
594:
590:
587:
583:
578:
574:
566:
564:
560:
552:
550:
546:
541:
529:
527:
523:
520:
516:
511:
507:
499:
497:
493:
485:
483:
479:
474:
462:
460:
456:
453:
449:
444:
440:
432:
430:
426:
418:
416:
412:
407:
395:
393:
389:
386:
382:
377:
373:
369:
365:
357:
355:
351:
347:
342:
334:
330:
326:
323:
320:
316:
313:
310:
306:
302:
301:Northern Song
298:
295:
293:
289:
286:
283:
281:
277:
268:
265:
261:
256:
253:
249:
236:
231:
227:
224:
223:§ Family
220:
218:
214:
206:
200:
196:Empress Shude
195:
191:
186:
181:
177:
173:
169:
160:
156:
152:
149:(present-day
148:
144:
133:
129:
125:
122:
119:
115:
112:
111:Emperor Taizu
109:
105:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:
80:
75:
71:
65:
60:
51:
46:
45:
40:
36:
29:
22:
2584:N. Dynasties
2580:S. Dynasties
2535:
2436:
2375:
2356:
2334:
2327:
2319:
2278:
2255:
2246:
2243:
2237:
2230:(in Chinese)
2201:
2165:
2136:(in Chinese)
2131:
2122:Sushui Jiwen
2115:(in Chinese)
2110:
2090:
2083:
2073:(in Chinese)
2068:
2056:
2051:
2039:(in Chinese)
2019:
1628:Zhao Hongyin
1465:
1462:), ninth son
1453:
1408:
1402:
1389:Zhao Yuanyan
1271:
1266:
1257:, Zhenzong (
1229:
1226:; 960–1004)
1206:Empress Yide
1198:
1184:
1172:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1141:Northern Han
1136:Yelü Xiezhen
1132:
1124:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1081:Liao Dynasty
1070:
1017:
1005:
1001:Yelü Xiezhen
989:
973:Liao dynasty
965:Northern Han
962:
945:Northern Han
942:
910:
906:Empress Song
895:
891:Liao dynasty
880:
877:
855:
844:
826:Song dynasty
819:
812:
792:
768:
761:
746:
742:Ming dynasty
714:Liao dynasty
710:Tang dynasty
702:China proper
698:Northern Han
686:Chen Hongjin
679:
670:
648:
636:Song dynasty
631:
624:Zhao Kuangyi
623:
620:Zhao Guangyi
619:
615:
614:
593:Hanyu Pinyin
532:Zhào Guāngyì
526:Hanyu Pinyin
476:Zhao Guangyi
465:Zhào Kuāngyì
459:Hanyu Pinyin
409:Zhao Kuangyi
398:Sòng Tàizōng
392:Hanyu Pinyin
312:Zhao Hongyin
270:Taizong (太宗)
207:(m. 978–997)
199:Empress Yide
42:
35:Chinese name
2576:16 Kingdoms
1351:; d. 1022)
1242:; 943–977)
1230:Unnamed son
1013:Zhao Dezhao
898:Zhao Defang
883:Zhao Dezhao
847:Zhao Dezhao
783:Jin dynasty
706:irredentist
655:Zhao Defang
651:Zhao Dezhao
628:temple name
264:Temple name
163:(997-05-08)
107:Predecessor
39:family name
2656:997 deaths
2651:939 births
2645:Categories
2568:3 Kingdoms
2323:(960–1279)
2265:0674080491
2118:Sima Guang
2003:References
1214:; 941–975)
1128:Yelü Xiuge
992:Yelü Xiuge
985:Yelü Xuegu
949:Liu Jiyuan
851:chancellor
830:Later Zhou
789:Early life
750:Later Zhou
616:Zhao Jiong
599:Zhào Jiǒng
543:Zhao Jiong
211:(died 977)
202:(died 975)
98:Coronation
2536:Zhao Bing
2505:Guangzong
1850:(902–961)
1824:Lady Zhao
1795:Du Shuang
1663:Liu Chang
1630:(899–956)
1552:Zhao Ting
1420:昭成皇太子 趙元僖
1255:Zhao Heng
915:太祖之後當再有天下
763:jiedushis
328:Signature
233:Era dates
161:8 May 997
117:Successor
2530:Duanzong
2510:Ningzong
2500:Xiaozong
2457:Shenzong
2452:Yingzong
2442:Zhenzong
2381:976–997
2362:976–997
2239:Song Shi
2057:Song Shi
2020:Song Shi
1951:See also
1905:Lady Fan
1530:Ancestry
1447:鎮恭懿王 趙元偓
1438:越文惠王 趙元杰
1429:商恭靖王 趙元份
1414:Unknown
1394:週恭肅王 趙元儼
1302:楚恭惠王 趙元偁
1248:漢恭憲王 趙元佐
1100:Bianjing
920:Xiaozong
853:in 977.
724:and the
694:Qian Chu
684:warlord
682:Qingyuan
193:Consorts
187:, Henan)
168:Bianjing
153:, China)
76:, Taiwan
33:In this
2495:Gaozong
2472:Qinzong
2467:Huizong
2462:Zhezong
2447:Renzong
2437:Taizong
2234:Toqto'a
2224:Sources
2139:Toqto'a
1239:元德皇后 李氏
1223:明德皇后 李氏
1211:懿德皇后 符氏
1192:淑德皇后 尹氏
1116:Yang Ye
1112:Pan Mei
1104:Cao Bin
981:Beijing
977:Taiyuan
928:Gaozong
866:eunuchs
862:Kaifeng
803:Kaifeng
795:Kaifeng
667:Kaifeng
630:as the
354:Chinese
292:Dynasty
2608:W. Xia
2520:Duzong
2515:Lizong
2333:
2289:
2262:
2249:].
2209:
2173:
2098:
2062:vol. 5
2025:vol. 4
1772:Du Wan
1459:崇王 趙元億
1181:Family
969:Khitan
887:Khitan
832:had a
728:, the
318:Mother
308:Father
185:Gongyi
179:Burial
37:, the
2552:Shang
2432:Taizu
2335:Died:
2328:Born:
2245:[
1409:Shuyi
1403:Shuyi
1382:德妃 王氏
1348:貴妃 方氏
1293:貴妃 臧氏
1260:真宗 趙恆
971:-led
889:-led
692:king
690:Wuyue
280:House
217:Issue
89:Reign
2624:Qing
2620:Ming
2616:Yuan
2604:Song
2600:Liao
2592:Tang
2556:Zhou
2525:Gong
2287:ISBN
2260:ISBN
2242:(宋史)
2207:ISBN
2171:ISBN
2096:ISBN
1509:懿順帝姬
1500:純美帝姬
1480:英惠帝姬
1471:和慶帝姬
1357:獻穆帝姬
1331:慈明帝姬
1311:和靖帝姬
1114:and
1061:Qufu
1045:Qufu
1018:The
926:and
872:斧声烛影
839:金匱誓書
732:and
688:and
653:and
297:Song
285:Zhao
221:See
158:Died
131:Born
44:Zhao
2632:PRC
2628:ROC
2612:Jīn
2588:Sui
2572:Jìn
2564:Han
2560:Qin
2548:Xia
2337:997
2330:939
1518:王貽永
1489:吳元扆
1366:李遵勗
1320:柴宗慶
1059:in
1043:in
738:Han
502:赵光义
488:趙光義
435:赵匡义
421:趙匡義
360:宋太宗
56:宋太宗
41:is
2647::
2630:/
2626:→
2622:→
2618:→
2614:→
2610:/
2606:/
2602:/
2598:→
2594:→
2590:→
2586:→
2582:/
2578:→
2574:/
2570:→
2566:→
2562:→
2558:→
2554:→
2550:→
2185:^
2149:^
2060:,
2031:^
2023:,
2011:^
1385:)
1337:清裕
1296:)
1195:)
1177:.
955:.
766:.
646:.
569:赵炅
555:趙炅
170:,
145:,
2481:宋
2410:e
2403:t
2396:v
2295:.
2268:.
2215:.
2179:.
2104:.
1474:)
1468:(
1456:(
1067:)
912:(
303:)
299:(
47:.
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
