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263:. They may also arise in the spinal cord, conus medullaris and supratentorial locations. Other symptoms can include (but are not limited to): loss of appetite, difficulty sleeping, temporary inability to distinguish colors, uncontrollable twitching, seeing vertical or horizontal lines when in bright light, and temporary memory loss. It should be remembered that these symptoms also are prevalent in many other illnesses not associated with ependymoma.
332:
Guidelines for initial management for ependymoma are maximum surgical resection followed by radiation. Chemotherapy is of limited use and reserved for special cases including young children and those with tumor present after resection. Prophylactic craniospinal irradiation is of variable use and is a
258:
and up to 10% of childhood tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Their occurrence seems to peak at age 5 years and then again at age 35. They develop from cells that line both the hollow cavities of the brain and the canal containing the spinal cord, but they usually arise from the floor of the
297:
but the prognosis is much less favorable. Malignant ependymomas may be treated with a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Ependymoblastomas, which occur in infants and children younger than 5 years of age, may spread through the cerebrospinal fluid and usually require radiation
288:
type, most of them are not anaplastic. Well-differentiated ependymomas are usually treated with surgery. For other ependymomas, total surgical removal is the preferred treatment in addition to radiation therapy. The malignant (anaplastic) varieties of this tumor, malignant ependymoma and the
277:). MPE is a localized and slow-growing low-grade tumor, which originates almost exclusively from the lumbosacral nervous tissue of young patients. On the other hand, it is the most common tumor of the lumbosacral canal comprising about 90% of all tumoral lesions in this region.
647:
Hany MA, Bouvier R, Ranchère D, Bergeron C, Schell M, Chappuis JP, et al. (2009). "Case report: a preterm infant with an extradural myxopapillary ependymoma component of a teratoma and high levels of alpha-fetoprotein".
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177:
Ependymomas are composed of cells with regular, round to oval nuclei. There is a variably dense fibrillary background. Tumor cells may form gland-like round or elongated structures that resemble the embryologic
860:
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333:
source of controversy given that most recurrence occurs at the site of resection and therefore is of debatable efficacy. Confirmation of cerebrospinal infiltration warrants more expansive radiation fields.
259:
fourth ventricle, situated in the lower back portion of the brain, where they may produce headache, nausea and vomiting by obstructing the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. This obstruction may also cause
1438:
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238:
883:
186:
in which tumor cells are arranged around vessels with an intervening zone consisting of thin ependymal processes directed toward the wall of the vessel.
612:
Aktuğ T, Hakgüder G, Sarioğlu S, Akgür FM, Olguner M, Pabuçcuoğlu U (March 2000). "Sacrococcygeal extraspinal ependymomas: the role of coccygectomy".
195:
969:
548:"Descriptive epidemiology of malignant and nonmalignant primary spinal cord, spinal meninges, and cauda equina tumors, United States, 2004-2007"
515:"The many faces of primary cauda equina myxopapillary ependymoma: Clinicoradiological manifestations of two cases and review of the literature"
413:
Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Nelso Fausto; Robbins, Stanley L.; Abbas, Abul K. (2005). "Ch. 28 The central nervous system".
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It has been suggested that ependymomas are derived from radial glia, despite their name suggesting an ependymal origin.
713:
Merchant TE, Fouladi M (December 2005). "Ependymoma: new therapeutic approaches including radiation and chemotherapy".
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therapy. The subependymoma, a variant of the ependymoma, is apt to arise in the fourth ventricle but may occur in the
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and the cervical spinal cord. It usually affects people over 40 years of age and more often affects men than women.
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Note: Not all brain tumors are of nervous tissue, and not all nervous tissue tumors are in the brain (see
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826:
Brain and Spinal Tumors: Hope
Through Research (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)
1360:
686:
Reni M (2003). "Guidelines for the treatment of adult intra-cranial grade II-III ependymal tumours".
357:
125:
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1194:
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182:, with long, delicate processes extending into the lumen; more frequently present are perivascular
546:
Duong LM, McCarthy BJ, McLendon RE, Dolecek TA, Kruchko C, Douglas LL, Ajani UA (September 2012).
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Prognosis of recurrence is poor and often indicates palliative care to manage symptoms.
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Ependymoma of 4.ventricle in MRI. Left without, right with contrast-enhancement.
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783:"A retrospective study of surgery and reirradiation for recurrent ependymoma"
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110:. The common location of intracranial ependymomas is the floor of the
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can be caused by an ependymoma. Ependymomas are also seen with
1439:
WHO classification of the tumors of the central nervous system
787:
International
Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics
512:
87:
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611:
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drowsiness (after several hours of the above symptoms)
781:
Merchant TE, Boop FA, Kun LE, Sanford RA (May 2008).
830:
437:
254:Ependymomas make up about 5% of adult intracranial
513:Mehrjardi MZ, Mirzaei S, Haghighatkhah HR (2017).
417:(7th ed.). St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders.
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681:
679:
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415:Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease
963:
774:
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76:200 new cases each year in the United States
1302:Embryonal tumour with multilayered rosettes
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438:Poppleton H, Gilbertson RJ (January 2007).
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162:gait change (rotation of feet when walking)
970:
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27:
798:
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571:
530:
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280:Although some ependymomas are of a more
1423:Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
1347:Primary central nervous system lymphoma
1271:Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour
595:Pan E, Prados MD (2003). "Ependymoma".
114:. Rarely, ependymomas can occur in the
1466:
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384:St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
372:
131:
761:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
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354:"Ependymoma Diagnosis and Treatment"
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1109:Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
13:
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14:
1500:
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650:Pediatric Hematology and Oncology
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232:Ependymoma of 4.ventricle in MRI.
220:Ependymoma of 4.ventricle in MRI.
1297:Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor
237:
225:
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749:
204:of a myxopapillary ependymoma.
1391:Cranial and paraspinal nerves
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1:
1104:Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
979:Tumours of the nervous system
626:10.1016/S0022-3468(00)90228-8
339:
266:About 10% of ependymomas are
172:
1149:Anaplastic oligodendroglioma
800:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.09.037
614:Journal of Pediatric Surgery
598:Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine
327:
316:, may be an unusual form of
7:
1484:Infectious causes of cancer
293:, are treated similarly to
10:
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601:(6th ed.). BC Decker.
440:"Stem cells of ependymoma"
320:or may be confused with a
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727:10.1007/s11060-005-6753-9
715:Journal of Neuro-Oncology
662:10.3109/08880019809016573
444:British Journal of Cancer
358:National Cancer Institute
126:neurofibromatosis type II
72:
59:
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21:
1276:Lhermitte–Duclos disease
1200:Choroid plexus carcinoma
1195:Choroid plexus papilloma
532:10.1515/romneu-2017-0062
271:myxopapillary ependymoma
106:, while in adults it is
403:PRITE 2010 Part II q.13
322:sacrococcygeal teratoma
66:Five-year survival rate
1119:Anaplastic astrocytoma
1114:Fibrillary astrocytoma
456:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603519
306:Extraspinal ependymoma
165:impaction/constipation
96:central nervous system
1375:Esthesioneuroblastoma
1099:Pilocytic astrocytoma
519:Romanian Neurosurgery
314:extradural ependymoma
90:that arises from the
1380:Ganglioneuroblastoma
1285:CNS embryonal tumors
1190:Choroid plexus tumor
487:Goel A, Gaillard F.
143:visual loss (due to
1223:Gliomatosis cerebri
360:. 17 September 2018
1489:Ventricular system
1387:Nerve sheath tumor
1329:Hemangiopericytoma
922:External resources
564:10.1002/cncr.27390
132:Signs and symptoms
94:, a tissue of the
39:of an ependymoma.
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1144:Oligodendroglioma
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1009:Craniopharyngioma
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558:(17): 4220–4227.
491:. Radiopaedia.org
312:), also known as
300:septum pellucidum
250:Ependymoma tumors
80:
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16:Medical condition
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1452:brain metastasis
1416:Acoustic neuroma
1218:Oligoastrocytoma
1211:Multiple/unknown
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102:the location is
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1479:Rare cancers
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1407:Neurilemmoma
1395:Neurofibroma
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1124:Glioblastoma
1062:brain tumors
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764:. Retrieved
760:
757:"Ependymoma"
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495:12 September
493:. Retrieved
489:"Ependymoma"
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387:. Retrieved
380:"Ependymoma"
374:
362:. Retrieved
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104:intracranial
83:
81:
1474:Brain tumor
1266:Neurocytoma
1228:Gliosarcoma
1094:Astrocytoma
1014:Pituicytoma
450:(1): 6–10.
145:papilledema
1468:Categories
1411:Schwannoma
1324:Meningioma
1167:Ependymoma
907:DiseasesDB
340:References
282:anaplastic
202:Micrograph
173:Morphology
153:bilateral
84:ependymoma
37:Micrograph
22:Ependymoma
1086:Astrocyte
1034:Pinealoma
987:Endocrine
931:eMedicine
328:Treatment
286:malignant
206:HPS stain
73:Frequency
61:Prognosis
49:Specialty
1316:Meninges
1159:Ependyma
809:18406885
743:37438304
735:16195801
700:14732890
634:10726703
582:22907705
474:17179988
389:March 8,
364:March 8,
318:teratoma
150:vomiting
136:Source:
92:ependyma
936:med/700
901:D004806
891:-9394/1
889:M9391/3
766:19 July
670:9783311
573:4484585
465:2360214
256:gliomas
68:: 83.9%
1244:neuron
1241:Mature
1077:Glioma
1025:Other:
998:Sellar
807:
741:
733:
698:
668:
632:
580:
570:
552:Cancer
472:
462:
421:
268:benign
108:spinal
1432:Other
912:29452
884:ICD-O
878:237.5
874:225.0
870:191.9
856:: C71
739:S2CID
688:Forum
88:tumor
86:is a
896:MeSH
865:9-CM
805:PMID
768:2021
731:PMID
696:PMID
666:PMID
630:PMID
578:PMID
497:2014
470:PMID
419:ISBN
391:2023
366:2023
284:and
1361:PNS
1048:CNS
861:ICD
849:ICD
795:doi
723:doi
658:doi
622:doi
568:PMC
560:doi
556:118
527:doi
460:PMC
452:doi
310:EEP
275:MPE
82:An
1470::
1454:).
1254::
934::
910::
899::
887::
876:,
872:,
868::
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654:15
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