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213:. One approach of many epitaphs is to "speak" to the reader and warn them about their own mortality. A wry trick of others is to request the reader to get off their resting place, inasmuch as the reader would have to be standing on the ground above the coffin to read the inscription. Some record achievements (e.g., past politicians note the years of their terms of office). Nearly all (excepting those where this is impossible by definition, such as the
443:
296:' use of epitaphs was more blunt and uniform, typically detailing facts of the deceased – as did the earliest epitaphs in English churches. "May the earth lie light upon thee" was a common inscription for them. Due to the influence of Roman occupiers, the dominant language of epitaphs was Latin, evidenced by the oldest existing epitaphs in Britain. French and English came into fashion around the 13th and 14th centuries, respectively.
316:
considerable burgeoning intellectual interest. Critical essays had been published before on the matter, possibly contributing towards its flourishing in the latter half of the 18th century. Epitaphs never became a major poetic form and, according to
Romantic scholar Ernest Bernhardt-Kabisch, they had "virtually disappeared" by 1810. "The art of the epitaph was largely lost in the 20th century", wrote the
116:
174: 'tomb') is a short text honoring a deceased person. Strictly speaking, it refers to text that is inscribed on a tombstone or plaque, but it may also be used in a figurative sense. Some epitaphs are specified by the person themselves before their death, while others are chosen by those responsible for the burial. An epitaph may be written in
304:, the most prolific pre-Romantic epitaphist, wrote 35 pieces, them being largely satirical. The rate of literary epitaphs has been historically overshadowed by "popular sepulchral inscriptions which are produced in countless numbers at all time"; "strictly literary" epitaphs were most present during the start of the
229:
commemoration of a person, which may or may not be inscribed on a monument. In many
European languages, however, the meaning of the word (or its close equivalent) has broadened to mean the monument itself, specifically a mural monument or plaque erected in a church, often close to, but not directly
315:
have been credited with providing success to epitaph-writing adjacent to that of poetry significance – Robert
Southey, in focusing simultaneously upon transience and eternity, contributed substantially. General interest for epitaphs was waning at the cusp of the 19th century, in contrast to a
299:
By the 16th century, epitaphs had become more literary in nature and those written in verse were involved in trade. In
America and Britain, comedic epitaphs are common in the form of acrostics, palindromes, riddles, and puns on names and professions –
1220:. The South African poet Gert Vlok Nel wrote an (originally) untitled song, which appeared on his first music album "Beaufort-Wes se Beautiful Woorde" as "Epitaph", because his producer Eckard Potgieter told him that the song sounded like an epitaph.
1134:
185:
Most epitaphs are brief records of the family, and perhaps the career, of the deceased, often with a common expression of love or respect—for example, "beloved father of ..."—but others are more ambitious. From the
190:
to the 19th century in
Western culture, epitaphs for notable people became increasingly lengthy and pompous descriptions of their family origins, career, virtues and immediate family, often in Latin. Notably, the
747:
1118:
1041:
1103:
1005:
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217:) note name, year or date of birth, and date of death. Many list family members and the relationship of the deceased to them (for example, "Father / Mother / Son / Daughter of").
199:
epitaph, exceeds almost all of these at 180 lines; it celebrates the virtues of an honored wife (sometimes identified, but no generally accepted, as the Wife of
1832:
Bertrand, Régis (2005). "Que de vertus: Les épitaphes édifiantes des débuts du XIXe siècle". In
Bertrand, Régis; Carol, Anne; Pelen, Jean-Noël (eds.).
1436:
Mérai, Dóra (2015). "Stones in floors and walls: commemorating the dead in the
Transylvanian Principality". In Dumitran, Daniel; Rotar, Marius (eds.).
1025:
68:
1389:...has traditionally been assigned to this Turia, but this is now generally rejected and there are no good arguments for the identification.
145:
1775:
1744:
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1889:
Vidor, Gian Marco (2014). "Satisfying the mind and inflaming the heart: emotions and funerary epigraphy in nineteenth-century Italy".
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1929:
1053:
1160:
In a more figurative sense, the term may be used for music composed in memory of the deceased. Igor
Stravinsky composed in 1958
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1304:
1442:. Annales Universitatis Apulensis: Series Historica. Vol. 19. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Mega. pp. 151–174 (153–162).
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was the prominent format for a significant period of time. Epitaphs upon stone monuments became a common feature by the
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Lengthy epitaph for Johann Wauer (d. 1728), a German pastor, concluding with a short
Biblical quotation
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1144:, at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills). It features etchings of characters she voiced on
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Stock phrases or standard elements present in epitaphs on mediaeval church monuments and
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In
English, and in accordance with the word's etymology, the word "epitaph" refers to a
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indicating the omitted letters) ("whose soul may God look upon with favour Amen")
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The English Poetic Epitaph: commemoration and conflict from Jonson to Wordsworth
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1836:. Aix-en-Provence: Publications de l'Université de Provence. pp. 241–255.
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for narrator, chamber choir, piano, flute, clarinet and percussion. In 1969,
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1230:, released in 2016, is generally seen as his musical epitaph, with singles "
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This is my father's crime against me, which I myself committed against none.
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Sarcophagi and coffins were the choice of ancient Egyptians for epitaphs;
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Places of Memory: cemeteries and funerary practices throughout the time
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907:
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467: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Epitaph Culture in the West: variations on a theme in cultural history
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Against you I will fling myself, unvanquished and unyielding, O Death!
1407:. Oxford handbooks. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
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1365:
Badian, Ernst (1996). Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony (eds.).
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Plessis, Paul J. du; Ando, Clifford; Tuori, Kaius, eds. (2016).
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deal primarily with Western culture and do not represent a
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over, a person's place of burial. Examples include German
1373:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.
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for string trio as a tribute to the memory of his father
1015:
at Seaside Memorial Park in Corpus Christi, Texas citing
636:
Ease after warre, death after life, does greatly please.
1206:(Епітафія Л.Б.) for viola (or cello) and piano. In 2007
805:
Who caught his early death by drinking cold small beer.
495:
1631:
Photograph of William Shakespeare's grave, 3 June 2007
1109:
A folksy epitaph to an English village blacksmith in
280:The history of epitaphs extends as far back as the
1366:
1190:, giving a reference to epitaphs within the song.
1170:called his Symphony No. 2 for choir and orchestra
809:And when you're hot, drink strong or none at all.
1518:
981:He never killed a man that did not need killing.
1959:
1749:The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury
1400:
1924:
1641:
830:Would this man, could he see you now, ask why?
517:(oldest surviving complete musical composition)
1719:"Famous Epitaph on Unknown Soldier tomb stone"
1521:"The Epitaph and the Romantic Poets: A Survey"
1786:. London, New York: J. M. Dent; E. P. Dutton.
1755:(translator). London: John Bohn. p. 188.
1364:
1124:The gravestone of comedian, writer and actor
828:To save your world you asked this man to die:
65:The examples and perspective in this article
1701:"Göttingen Stadtfriedhof Grab David Hilbert"
1404:The Oxford handbook of Roman law and society
875:Heroes have the whole earth for their tomb.
552:Blessed be the man that spares these stones,
1604:
1172:Epitaphium Stanisław Wiechowicz in memoriam
1094:, Glory of Iran and his patriotic daughter
634:Sleep after toyle, port after stormie seas,
1770:
1739:
1624:
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850:When you go home, tell them of us and say,
803:Here sleeps at peace a Hampshire Grenadier
780:that here, obedient to their law, we lie.
568:Here lies One whose Name was writ in Water
220:
1745:"History of the Peloponnesian War 2.34.3"
778:Go tell the Spartans, stranger passing by
483:Learn how and when to remove this message
103:Learn how and when to remove this message
1874:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1831:
1605:Blankinship, Kevin (20 September 2015).
350:
288:utilised emotive expression, written in
114:
807:Soldiers, be wise at his untimely fall,
541:Bleste be yͤ man yͭ spares thes stones,
14:
1960:
1869:
1850:
1166:for flute, clarinet and harp. In 1967
554:And cursed be he that moves my bones.
391:... cuius animae propitietur deus amen
1888:
1656:
1435:
852:For your tomorrow, we gave our today
756:Wir müssen wissen. Wir werden wissen.
548:Good friend, for Jesus's sake forbear
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873:covered over for such as appear not.
718:I've finally stopped getting dumber.
605:Heroes and Kings your distance keep;
537:Good frend for İesvs sake forebeare,
496:Poets, playwrights and other writers
465:adding citations to reliable sources
436:
209:Some are quotes from holy texts, or
152: 'a funeral oration'; from
51:
1803:"Milligan gets last laugh on grave"
609:Who never flattered folks like you;
432:
284:and have differed in delivery. The
24:
1571:. London and New York: Routledge.
1519:Bernhardt-Kabisch, Ernest (1967).
937:Dúirt mé leat go raibh mé breoite.
543:And cvrst be he yͭ moves my bones.
506:life exists only for a short while
25:
1984:
1918:
1644:Dickens' Dictionary Of The Thames
1501:
1454:
711:
607:In peace let one poor poet sleep,
539:To digg the dvst encloased heare.
411:("Sacred to the memory (of) ...")
1747:. In Molesworth, William (ed.).
1676:"The Man Who Loved Only Numbers"
1568:Music in Ancient Greece and Rome
1180:Epitaphium – Children of the Sun
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1276:(ancient Greek funeral oration)
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452:needs additional citations for
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871:There is borne an empty hearse
550:To dig the dust enclosed here.
13:
1:
1930:"What is the Kohima Epitaph?"
1291:
415:
341:
163: 'at, over' and
1903:10.1080/13576275.2014.921667
1525:Huntington Library Quarterly
1196:Epitaphium temporum pereunti
952:
685:
364:
7:
1369:Oxford Classical Dictionary
1344:Online Etymology Dictionary
1241:
1155:
1128:showing the notable epitaph
1059:The epitaph on voice actor
958:Free at last, Free at last,
771:
743:We must know. We will know.
215:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
122:Haymarket Martyrs' Monument
119:Epitaph on the base of the
79:, discuss the issue on the
10:
1989:
1306:
508:and Time demands his due.
393:(generally abbreviated to
275:
204:Quintus Lucretius Vespillo
166:
155:
144:
29:
27:Inscription on a tombstone
1968:Acknowledgements of death
1834:Les narrations de la mort
890:Pericles' Funeral Oration
726:Végre nem butulok tovább.
325:
1855:. Lewiston, NY: Mellen.
1851:Guthke, Karl S. (2003).
1788:Available online at the
1757:Available online at the
1642:Charles Dickens (1893).
1607:"An Elegy by al-Ma'arri"
1111:Houghton, Cambridgeshire
974:
660:Homo sum! the adventurer
428:("may he rest in peace")
395:cuius aie ppitiet ds ame
38:Not to be confused with
33:Epitaph (disambiguation)
1870:Scodel, Joshua (1991).
1565:Landels, John G. 1999.
1486:Encyclopedia Britannica
1481:"Epitaph | poetic form"
1322:A Greek–English Lexicon
1035:; Drumecliff, Co. Sligo
998:Monuments with epitaphs
968:Martin Luther King, Jr.
319:Encyclopedia Britannica
221:Linguistic distinctions
129:, Forest Park, Illinois
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1780:The Peloponnesian War
1313:Liddell, Henry George
1238:" often singled out.
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956:
929:I told you I was ill.
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902:And the beat goes on.
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818:tombstone epitaph in
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502:While you live, shine
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362:of Sir John Harsyck (
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118:
1973:Inscriptions by type
1721:. Famousquotes.me.uk
863:John Maxwell Edmonds
820:Winchester Cathedral
793:honoring the 300 at
504:have no grief at all
461:improve this article
380:in England include:
195:, the longest known
85:create a new article
77:improve this article
31:For other uses, see
1940:on 30 December 2014
1926:Imperial War Museum
1680:archive.nytimes.com
1200:Valentin Silvestrov
586:Horseman, pass by!
561:William Shakespeare
405:Memoriae sacrum ...
1934:archive.iwm.org.uk
1751:. Vol. VIII.
1664:, Berlin: Harcourt
1218:William Waterhouse
1192:Bronius Kutavičius
1186:released the song
960:Thank God Almighty
859:The Kohima Epitaph
584:On life, on death.
422:Requiescat in pace
374:
292:, later in prose.
131:
1414:978-0-19-872868-9
1208:Graham Waterhouse
1202:composed in 1999
1194:composed in 1998
1092:Ezzatollah Sahabi
962:I'm Free at last.
915:That's all folks!
652:The Faerie Queene
493:
492:
485:
282:ancient Egyptians
127:Waldheim Cemetery
113:
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87:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
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1274:Epitaphios logos
1224:'s final album,
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593:W. B. Yeats
385:Hic jacet..
367: 1384
188:Renaissance
1962:Categories
1881:0801424828
1862:0773467858
1843:2853996131
1772:Thucydides
1741:Thucydides
1384:019866172X
1292:References
1281:Hero stone
1258:Death poem
1248:Chronogram
1213:Epitaphium
1163:Epitaphium
1147:South Park
988:Gunfighter
908:Sonny Bono
735:Paul Erdős
693:Devanagari
615:blush and
574:John Keats
529:Al-Ma'arri
416:Modern era
342:In England
313:Lake Poets
260:; Swedish
180:poem verse
137:(from
93:March 2019
1911:144222277
1891:Mortality
1705:Wikimedia
1662:The Waves
1611:Jadaliyya
1579:(cloth);
1545:0018-7895
1448:1453-9306
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1339:"epitaph"
1307:ἐπιτάφιος
1232:Blackstar
1227:Blackstar
1210:composed
1178:composed
1140:Grave of
1061:Mel Blanc
1031:Grave of
1011:Grave of
953:Activists
921:Mel Blanc
787:Simonides
748:‹See Tfd›
722:Hungarian
686:Statesmen
645:, in
473:June 2015
263:epitafium
257:epitafium
254:; Danish
251:epitafium
248:; Polish
245:epitáfium
211:aphorisms
146:ἐπιτάφιος
81:talk page
1776:"2.43.3"
1774:(1910).
1743:(1843).
1725:18 March
1660:(1931),
1493:5 August
1350:18 March
1263:Epigraph
1253:Cenotaph
1242:See also
1156:In music
1079:'s crypt
985:—
965:—
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236:; Dutch
172:(táphos)
75:You may
40:Epigraph
18:Epitaphs
1944:4 April
1685:28 July
1595:(ebook)
1587:(pbk);
1553:3816994
1325:at the
1236:Lazarus
1234:" and "
1188:Epitaph
791:epigram
371:Norfolk
332:brasses
276:History
269:epitaaf
239:epitaaf
233:Epitaph
227:textual
135:epitaph
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1268:Eulogy
1017:Isaiah
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886:Athens
752:German
697:हे राम
617:Virgil
613:Horace
399:tildes
326:Format
201:consul
178:or in
161:(epi-)
1907:S2CID
1616:4 May
1549:JSTOR
1096:Haleh
975:Other
933:Irish
619:too.
397:with
176:prose
168:τάφος
141:
83:, or
1946:2013
1876:ISBN
1857:ISBN
1838:ISBN
1815:2015
1727:2012
1687:2022
1618:2020
1589:ISBN
1581:ISBN
1573:ISBN
1541:ISSN
1495:2021
1444:ISSN
1419:OCLC
1409:ISBN
1379:ISBN
1352:2012
611:Let
311:The
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