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reach Ulgen with their beauties. Erlik gives all kinds of sickness and wants sacrifices from the people. If they do not sacrifice to him, he catches the dead bodies of the people that he killed and takes them away to this lower world and then makes them his slaves. So, especially in the Altays, when sickness appears, people become scared of Erlik and make many animal sacrifices to him.
43:
143:
679:"Now, you have been a sinful. You thought evil against me. Even the people who believe you will think badness. The people who obey me will be clean and pure. They will see the sun. Hereafter, your name will be Erlik, the people who hide their sins from me will be your public; the people who hide their sins from you will be my public" (Verbitski 1903: 102-103; İnan 1972: 19-21).
469:, in the depths of which Erlik lives in. From the underworld, Erlik brings forth death, plague and evil spirits to torment humans and take their souls into his realm. Since Tengrism is not based on a written corpus but encompasses the experienced spiritual life of Turkic people, there are no unanimous beliefs among all Turkic people. Erlik has already been mentioned in the
665:. As Erlik is seen as the ruler of demons and the underworld, sacrifices are made for him to get rid of diseases or for the sake of people, who will enter the underworld after death. Alternatively people sacrifice to Erlik in order to get a higher rank in his underworld. Shamans who venerate Erlik are called Black Shamans (
548:
The evil spirits created by Erlik cause misfortune, sickness and death to mankind. These spirits are imagined as Erlik's assistants. Besides these, his nine sons and daughters help their father in the way of evil. Erlik's daughters especially try to change a shaman's mind while he is attempting to
675:(some sort of ghost) in order to take the soul, simultaneously, heaven sends a spirit to carry the soul to heaven. The alignment of the soul determines the outcome of the struggle of these two spirits. According to Verbitski, Turkic sources report that God once said to Erlik:
584:
Erlik has nine sons, named Karaoğlanlar ("dark boys"). They are Karash Khan, Matır Khan, Shingay Khan, Komur Khan, Badish Khan, Yabash Khan, Temir Khan, Uchar Khan, and Kerey Khan. He also has nine daughters, named Karakızlar ("dark girls"), their names being unknown.
530:, God ordered the first human to dive into the primordial water and remove a handful of soil from the bottom of the sea. The first human, however, desired to hide some soil in order to create his own world later. But the soil in his mouth grew and he spit it out.
683:
While some scholars believe that Erlik points to some sort of dualism between the divine heaven and the lower earth within
Tengrist cosmology, others argue that Ülgan and Erlik are two rulers alongside Tengri, representing good and evil respectively.
800:
931:
Marjorie
Mandelstam Balzer Shamanism: Soviet Studies of Traditional Religion in Siberia and Central Asia: Soviet Studies of Traditional Religion in Siberia and Central Asia Routledge, 22. Juli 2016, ISBN 978-1-315-48724-3 S.
492:(Tengere Kayra Khan). He wants to be equal to Ulgen, he makes his own land and was sent to the prison at the 9th layer of the earth and became opposed to the upper world, the realm of light. According to the
834:
Fuzuli Bayat Türk
Mitolojik Sistemi 2: Kutsal Dişi – Mitolojik Ana, Umay Paradigmasında İlkel Mitolojik Kategoriler – İyeler ve Demonoloji Ötüken Neşriyat A.Ş 2016 ISBN 9786051554075 (Turkish)
519:) while he was still in heaven. Erlik and his spirits were cast out and fell to earth together when he claimed divinity for himself. Another legend of the Altai people recorded states, God (
481:
In the Turkic mythology, Erlik was involved in the creation of humanity. He slew the messenger-god, Maidere/Maydere, and is a teacher of sin. He is sometimes represented by a totemic bear.
959:
Alıcı, Mustafa. "The Idea of God in
Ancient Turkish Religion According to Raffaele Pettazzoni A Comparison with the Turkish Historian of Religions Hikmet Tanyu." (2011). p.149
545:
into the world. So people summoned Erlik, whereupon death enters. First, all people knew when they would die, and so they lived in fear, until Tengri hid their date of death.
669:). Their practice is usually frowned upon, since they negotiate with demonic spirits. Erlik cannot claim every soul but only the evil ones. When a person dies, Erlik sends a
352:
541:
In yet another narrative, people have been immortal before the advent of Erlik. People and animals overpopulated the world, until a crow suggested to summon
797:
909:
Shamanism: Soviet
Studies of Traditional Religion in Siberia and Central Asia: Soviet Studies of Traditional Religion in Siberia and Central Asia
843:
IŞIK, TOPRAK, and SEHER CESUR KILIÇASLAN. "WOMEN IN TURKIC MYTHOLOGY." Academic
International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities. 2017.
825:
Burnakov, V. A. "Erlik khan in the traditional worldview of the khakas." Archaeology, Ethnology and
Anthropology of Eurasia 39.1 (2011): 107-114.
783:
Burnakov, V. A. "Erlik khan in the traditional worldview of the khakas." Archaeology, Ethnology and
Anthropology of Eurasia 39.1 (2011): 107-114.
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Kara, Mehmet, and Ersin Teres. "Some
Similar and Parallel Points Between the Turkic Legendary “Creation” and Similar Texts of Japan." p.194
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Raimovna, Pardaeva
Dilfuza. "Mythology and Turkic Literature of the Middle Ages." Middle European Scientific Bulletin 19 (2021): 115-119.
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392:
950:
Kara, Mehmet, and Ersin Teres. "Some Similar and Parallel Points Between the Turkic Legendary “Creation” and Similar Texts of Japan."
774:
Bukharaev, R. (2014). Islam in Russia: The Four Seasons. Vereinigtes Königreich: Taylor & Francis. p. 78
534:, who designs the world in this legend, cast the first human away from the heavenly realm as means of punishment and thus named him
1539:
896:
484:
In Turkic mythology, Erlik was the deity of evil, darkness, lord of the lower world and judge of the dead. Erlik is a brother of
861:
Sagandykova, A. B., et al. "The ancient turkic model of death mythology." The Social Sciences (Pakistan) 11.9 (2016): 2273-2284.
1548:
1316:
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974:"Упоминание божества Эрлика в древнетюркской рунической надписи Алтын-Кёль (Runic Inscriptions from Khakassia)"
385:
1152:
816:
The Common and the Specific in the Central Asian Epic // Social Sciences. Vol. 4. № 2 (12), 1973, p. 94—104.
1532:
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down to the underworld. Whenever they try to get back to the surface, they freeze to death as punishment.
523:) endowed Erlik with a hammer and an anvil, but took his power away when Erlik was creating evil with it.
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556:. Besides his face, he is an old man with a well-built body, black eyes, eyebrows and mustache.
1741:
1484:
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In the prayers of shamans, Erlik is described as a monster, having the face and teeth of a pig
325:
1736:
1210:
1051:
661:
Erlik was worshiped in some traditional religions in Siberia and Central Asia, such as by
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and shows a consistent pattern as the lord of the underworld among Turkic belief systems.
8:
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Türk Mitolojisinde Kötülük Tanrısı Erlik'in İnanıştaki Yeri, Tasviri ve Kökeni (Turkish)
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Image based on a photo by Yaşar Çoruhlu, 2007 of a mask of Erlik Han (Tsama mask).
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R. Barsbold və A. Perle, 1980, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 25(2): səh. 187-195
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Turkish Myths Glossary (Türk Söylence Sözlüğü), Deniz Karakurt(in Turkish)
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496:, Erlik resides in the deepest underworld in a palace of
142:
16:
God of the underworld in Turkic and Mongolic mythology
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526:According to another legend, recorded by
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488:, they both have been created from
433:(Hungarian mythology equivalent to
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610:: The god of courage and bravery.
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893:Turkish Mythological Dictionary
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409:Door knocker in the form Erlik.
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1:
640:: The god of iron and mining.
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7:
907:Marjorie Mandelstam Balzer
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447:, sometimes referred to as
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554:combined with a human body
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646:: The god of informants.
182:Chief gods and goddesses
19:Not to be confused with
795:Çoban, Ramazan Volkan.
500:with furniture made of
681:
657:In religious practices
628:: The god of disaster.
604:: The god of darkness.
410:
889:Türk Söylence Sözlüğü
677:
652:: The god of discord.
408:
967:General bibliography
897:(OTRS: CC BY-SA 3.0)
634:: The god of defeat.
576:is named after him.
511:, Erlik created the
35:Death and Underworld
1485:Davy Jones's locker
895:), Deniz Karakurt,
616:: The god of chaos.
1229:Gate of the Ghosts
803:2020-07-01 at the
622:: The god of evil.
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1153:World of Darkness
580:Children of Erlik
559:According to the
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1732:Siberian deities
1727:Mongol mythology
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612:
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596:
595:sons of Erlik
593:They are the
589:Karaoghlanlar
586:
577:
575:
574:
570:The dinosaur
568:
566:
563:, Erlik took
562:
557:
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528:Vasily Radlov
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153:Belief system
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44:
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27:
22:
1602:
1337:Mesopotamian
1057:Lake of fire
1037:Christianity
955:
946:
937:
927:
908:
903:
892:
888:
884:
875:
866:
857:
848:
839:
830:
821:
812:
796:
779:
770:
710:Erlikosaurus
695:Angra Mainyu
682:
678:
670:
666:
660:
592:
583:
573:Erlikosaurus
571:
569:
558:
551:
547:
540:
535:
525:
520:
516:
509:Altai legend
506:
483:
480:
466:
462:
458:
448:
441:god of death
434:
430:
426:
425:, Mongolian
422:
418:
414:
412:
275:Oghuz Khagan
209:
73:Ethnic group
1737:Turkic gods
1012:Underworlds
755:Yanluo Wang
614:Shyngay Han
225:Bai Baianai
1717:Death gods
1711:Categories
1628:Erkliğ Han
1613:Etugen Eke
1563:Gök Tengri
1359:Hamistagan
1211:East Asian
632:Yabash Han
626:Badysh Han
602:Karash Han
453:(hell) in
445:underworld
423:Erlik Khan
21:Erkliğ Han
1752:Evil gods
1608:Yer Tanrı
1317:Near East
1148:Mandaeism
1072:Purgatory
1029:Abrahamic
912:Routledge
762:Citations
750:Yamāntaka
720:King Yama
650:Kerey Han
644:Uchar Han
638:Temir Han
620:Komur Han
608:Matyr Han
439:) is the
327:Grey wolf
261:Ergenekon
168:Shamanism
100:Yer Tanrı
87:Genealogy
1656:Od iyesi
1583:Kyzaghan
1443:Tartarus
1392:Niflheim
1387:Náströnd
1370:European
1325:Egyptian
1283:Hinduism
1266:Buddhism
1174:American
1089:Jahannam
801:Archived
688:See also
667:kara kam
565:Mammoths
465:) means
443:and the
354:Category
161:Tengrism
106:Siblings
1696:Yel Ata
1691:Yel Ana
1686:Gun Ana
1623:Baianai
1556:Deities
1467:Tuonela
1418:Elysium
1397:Niflhel
1342:Irkalla
1300:Jainism
1219:Chinese
1199:Xibalba
1187:Mictlān
1126:Gehenna
1106:Abaddon
1101:Judaism
1084:Barzakh
725:Lucifer
705:Erlking
663:Buryats
561:Dolgans
513:spirits
477:Legends
413:Turkic
268:Metehan
92:Parents
67:Monster
1681:Ay Ata
1676:Ak Ana
1671:Koyash
1666:Od Ata
1661:Od Ana
1651:Su Ata
1646:Su Ana
1638:İyeler
1598:Burkut
1578:Mergen
1500:Turkic
1495:Naraka
1478:Others
1462:Finnic
1423:Erebus
1354:Duzakh
1305:Naraka
1293:Patala
1288:Naraka
1276:Naraka
1258:Indian
1241:Shinto
1121:Dudael
1111:Azazel
1094:Sijjin
918:
700:Azazil
672:kormos
521:Tengri
498:copper
494:Khakas
431:Yerleg
289:Attila
239:Mergen
232:Ak Ana
190:Tengri
122:Ay Ata
118:Koyash
63:Symbol
1603:Erlik
1593:Kubai
1573:Ülgen
1568:Kayra
1505:Tamag
1455:Annwn
1450:Welsh
1438:Orcus
1433:Hades
1408:Roman
1404:Greek
1377:Norse
1271:Bardo
1234:Youdu
1182:Aztec
1136:Tehom
1131:Sheol
1079:Islam
1062:Limbo
1047:Hades
1042:Abyss
922:p. 63
740:Veles
730:Ördög
715:Hades
543:Death
536:Erlik
532:Kayra
490:Kayra
486:Ülgen
467:Earth
450:Tamag
436:Ördög
427:Erleg
419:Erlig
415:Erlik
313:Sheka
282:Asena
211:Erlik
204:Ülgen
197:Kayra
114:Ülgen
96:Kayra
57:Tamag
53:Abode
1618:Alaz
1588:Umay
1490:Hell
1330:Duat
1246:Yomi
1224:Diyu
1194:Maya
1052:Hell
916:ISBN
745:Yama
502:gold
461:(or
366:File
218:Umay
110:Umay
98:and
1382:Hel
735:Set
517:İye
463:yer
429:or
334:Kut
320:İye
1713::
1406:/
932:63
788:^
597:.
538:.
504:.
459:Er
457:.
421:,
417:,
1541:e
1534:t
1527:v
1004:e
997:t
990:v
891:(
515:(
394:e
387:t
380:v
23:.
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