1678:
383:
529:
371:
46:
924:
33:
1666:
976:, states that because of its reputation as a sexual stimulant, it was "prudently mixed with lettuce, which was the opposite" (i.e., calming or even soporific). Riley continues, "nowadays rocket is enjoyed innocently in mixed salads, to which it adds a pleasing pungency", although
1620:", as well as in many recipes in which it is chopped and added to sauces and cooked dishes or in a sauce (made by frying it in olive oil with garlic). It also is used as a condiment for cold meats and fish. Throughout Italy, it is used as a salad with tomatoes and with
2316:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
983:
The plant was traditionally collected in the wild or grown in home gardens along with herbs, such as parsley and basil. Arugula now is grown commercially in many places and is available in supermarkets and farmers markets worldwide. It now is
988:
as a wild plant away from its native range in temperate regions around the world, including northern Europe and North
America. In India, the mature seeds are known as "Gargeer". This is the same name used in Arabic,
2315:
899:
is native to southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. As an invasive species arugula is widespread but scattered though is prolific and noxious in the Sonora desert of
Arizona and California.
1616:, in southern Italy, arugula is cooked to make the pasta dish "cavatiéddi", "in which large amounts of coarsely chopped rocket are added to pasta seasoned with a homemade reduced tomato sauce and
1884:
2295:
506:), the common name now widespread in the United States and Canada, entered American English from a nonstandard dialect of Italian. The standard Italian word is "rucola". The
2596:
2258:"Eruca vesicaria (Arugula, Eruca, Garden Rocket, Gharghir, Mediterranean Salad, Rocket, Rocket Salad, Roquette, Ruchtetta, Rucola, Rucoli, Rugula, Rugulas, Salad Rocket)"
1751:
1525:
1677:
2630:
964:. Some writers assert that for this reason, during the Middle Ages, growing arugula was forbidden in monasteries. Nonetheless, the plant was listed in a
1958:
2579:
1008:
Mild frost conditions hinder the plant's growth and turn the green leaves to red. If the weather is warm plants mature to full size in 40 to 50 days.
2415:
2085:, calls it "colewort" and notes, "The Latin "moretum", which is usually translated "salad", would be better called "cheese and garlic paste", i.e.,
1635:
In Turkey, similarly, the plant is eaten raw as a side dish or salad with fish or is served with a sauce of extra virgin olive oil and lemon juice.
382:
2031:
1612:
Since Roman times in Italy, raw arugula has been added to salads. It often is added as a garnish to a pizza at the end of or just after baking. In
2856:
1916:
2205:
3318:
2918:
343:, with the typical Brassicaceae flower structure. The petals are creamy white with purple veins, and the stamens are yellow. The fruit is a
2622:
John
Schwenkler, "Eating arugula has become a political act: Conservative thinker is branded a closet liberal based on the food he eats,"
2145:
2001:
1917:"A Green by Any Name: Pungent Ingredient Is Cause of Confusion for City Shopper; Arugula – or Rocket – Is the Secret of Experts' Salads"
1632:, or mozzarella cheese. In Rome, "rucola" is used in "straccetti", a dish of thin slices of beef with raw arugula and Parmesan cheese.
3393:
3000:
2323:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
3545:
3240:
2804:
2287:
2589:
3558:
3292:
3253:
3126:
2869:
2817:
3341:
2121:
1746:
2621:
2328:
1840:
3297:
2979:
2874:
3648:
2342:
948:
1656:
From about the 1990s arugula has become more popular in
America, especially in trendier restaurants and in urban areas.
3191:
2778:
2231:
3653:
2489:
2062:
1871:
1830:
1724:
1982:
3460:
3067:
2923:
3323:
3571:
3279:
2843:
2477:
1544:
Raw arugula is 92% water, 4% carbohydrates, 2.5% protein, and contains a negligible amount of fat. A 100 g (
528:
3455:
3411:
3346:
3062:
3018:
3589:
871:, known as 'perennial wall rocket', another plant of the family Brassicaceae that is used in the same manner.
3305:
2905:
2644:
1521:
3222:
3209:
2796:
2283:
3170:
2731:
2419:
3519:
3419:
3145:
3026:
2716:
2458:
1767:
3563:
3258:
1512:
3584:
3406:
3013:
2822:
2091:
The Minor Poems of Vergil: Comprising the Culex, Dirae, Lydia, Moretum, Copa, Priapeia, and
Catalepton
183:
3333:
2933:
2697:
1902:
3372:
2507:"Evaluation of taramira oil-cake and reduction of its glucosinolate content by different treatments"
3643:
2209:
1665:
985:
340:
2897:
45:
3398:
3217:
3005:
370:
1409:
912:
3204:
2861:
2791:
2659:
2054:
992:
2391:
1357:
311:
leaves are deeply lobed with four to ten, small, lateral lobes and a large terminal lobe. The
3638:
2959:
2009:
1383:
965:
867:
162:
3359:
2440:
2752:
2586:
How arugula joined broccoli (and lattes) as supposed markers for big-government liberalism.
2137:
1435:
1396:
281:
999:
8:
3367:
2528:
2363:
1524:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
972:
as among the 802 pot herbs suitable for growing in gardens. Gillian Riley, author of the
3385:
2992:
2580:
Jeane Osnos, "The most political vegetables: A whirlwind tour of the edible crucifers,"
1936:
3610:
3468:
3075:
2047:
1921:
1811:
1803:
1649:, used in pickling and (after aging to remove acridity) as a salad or cooking oil. The
1629:
1422:
1337:
1106:
512:
510:
dates the first known appearance of "arugula" in
American English to a 1960 article in
407:
191:
40:
2257:
3532:
3354:
2954:
2739:
2506:
2485:
2334:
2324:
2058:
2025:
1867:
1836:
1720:
1448:
1239:
903:
The species typically grows on dry, disturbed ground. It is a source of food for the
884:
358:
2187:
1815:
357:
to 1 in) long with an apical beak, containing several seeds. The species has a
3615:
3473:
3080:
2744:
1795:
1784:"Tradition, Uses and Biodiversity of Rocket (Eruca sativa, Brassicaceae) in Israel"
1370:
1005:), but used in Arab countries this name is used for the fresh leaves of the plant.
474:
3537:
3524:
3511:
3150:
3031:
2708:
2235:
253:(in Great Britain, Australia, South Africa, Ireland, and New Zealand), as well as
3500:
3424:
3137:
2941:
2721:
2648:
2600:
1755:
517:
414:, meaning "to sow", indicating that the seeds of the plant were sown in gardens.
344:
289:
83:
3447:
3310:
3054:
2910:
2884:
1638:
In
Slovenia, arugula often is combined with boiled potatoes or used in a soup.
249:
for its fresh, tart, bitter, and peppery flavor. Its other common names include
3380:
2987:
2682:
2318:
977:
942:, most famously in a poem long ascribed to the famous first century Roman poet
537:
246:
70:
938:
times, arugula was mentioned by various ancient Roman classical authors as an
3632:
3196:
3111:
2969:
2783:
1598:
1164:
1062:
908:
179:
2338:
1646:
1461:
1038:
957:
935:
304:
242:
238:
129:
3602:
3437:
3044:
2552:
2282:
3266:
3160:
3120:
2892:
2830:
2691:
2082:
1559:
1022:
969:
939:
119:
3232:
2946:
2612:
1558: oz) reference serving provides only 105 kJ (25 kcal) of
923:
3550:
3245:
2809:
1807:
1799:
1783:
1650:
1625:
1609:
The leaves, flowers, young seed pods, and mature seeds are all edible.
1256:
1222:
1172:
430:
3271:
3178:
2835:
2765:
2096:
Appendix
Vergiliana: The Minor Poems of Virgil in English Translation
2086:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1315:
1302:
1289:
1195:
1160:
423:
308:
32:
2653:
3597:
3494:
3432:
3105:
3039:
2848:
2676:
1617:
1205:
876:
96:
3576:
3284:
3183:
2770:
2094:
2637:
1621:
1579:
1140:
2757:
1613:
1563:
1272:
1169:
943:
402:
312:
109:
2475:
1562:. It is a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of
956:" ("and the rocket, which revives drowsy Venus "), and in the
307:
growing to 20 to 100 cm (8 to 40 in) in height. The
2590:
Joel Denker, "The 'Lascivious' Leaf: The Allure of
Arugula,"
2126:(International Plant Genetic Resources Institute,1997), p. 41
1832:
Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Oilseeds
1052:
904:
486:
426:
139:
57:
2640:
The United States of Arugula: How We Became a Gourmet Nation
961:
498:
492:
477:
2605:
2309:
2288:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
2093:(Birmingham: Cornish Brothers, 1916), scanned as part of
2504:
2144:(1933, reprinted New York: Dover, 1970), p. 45. See also
1082:
489:
2081:: 85. Joseph J. Mooney in his 1916 English translation,
445:. Still others do not differentiate between the two.
2392:"Beef Strips with Rocket – Straccetti con la Rucola"
1781:
495:
483:
2044:
1938:
The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
980:insisted, "Salad rocket is certainly a stimulant".
934:Grown as an edible and popular herb in Italy since
532:
Inflorescence and young fruits of arugula or rucola
480:
2606:The Intowner, Serving Washington, D. C. since 1968
2320:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
2046:
1570:. Arugula is also a good source (10–19% of DV) of
2373:
2371:
1782:Yaniv, Zohara; Schafferman, D.; Amar, Z. (1998).
1347:
1150:
888:may also be known by the common name 'colewort'.
3630:
2628:Mr. Schwenkler's article originally appeared in
2505:Das, Srinabas; Kumar Tyagi; Harjit Kaur (2004).
2262:North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
2368:
2276:
1017:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
2416:"Oktay Usta'dan Roka Salatası Resimli Tarifi"
2142:Gardening With Herbs for Flavor and Fragrance
1822:
516:by food editor and prolific cookbook writer,
2476:G.J.H. Grubben and O.A. Denton, ed. (2004).
2148:Reading the French Garden: Story and History
2146:Denise Le Dantec and Jean-Pierre Le Dantec,
2030:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1959:"Eruca vesicaria (garden-rocket): Go Botany"
1641:In West Asia, Pakistan, and northern India,
990:
2626:, MNN (Mother Nature Network), March 2009.
2284:United States Food and Drug Administration
2124:Rocket: A Mediterranean Crop for the World
31:
1914:
1835:. Springer Science & Business Media.
1715:Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989).
860:
2164:(Oxford University Press, 2008), p. 446.
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
922:
527:
1829:Kole, Chittaranjan (21 February 2011).
3631:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
2658:
2657:
2206:"The Secret of the Local Red Arugula"
1698:
339: in) in diameter, arranged in a
3461:d97440cc-fa5a-4cd9-b7fc-27e990cb3555
3334:138af00d-590e-42ae-89d3-cd2d0552e3ff
3068:f44ce45d-1657-4aff-a0dd-1567957f13ef
2934:1f688b01-4446-47fd-ba38-03c3a195f9e5
2379:The Oxford Companion to Italian Food
2180:
2162:The Oxford Companion to Italian Food
1828:
1775:
1717:Flora of Britain and Northern Europe
907:of some moth species, including the
2642:, New York: Clarkson Potter (2006).
2484:. Vol. 2. PROTA. p. 295.
1730:
865:Rocket is sometimes conflated with
13:
2482:Plant Resources of Tropical Africa
2264:. North Carolinia State University
1895:
1856:
954:et Venerem revocans eruca morantem
456:, itself a borrowing from Italian
14:
3665:
3412:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2798761-4
3019:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1137625-2
2573:
2511:Indian Journal of Animal Sciences
1999:
1915:Claiborne, Craig (May 24, 1960).
1877:
1760:
880:may be known as 'yellow rocket'.
3590:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:324636-2
2053:. Harvard Common Press. p.
1676:
1664:
1513:Full Link to USDA database entry
974:Oxford Companion to Italian Food
473:
381:
369:
44:
2545:
2521:
2498:
2469:
2451:
2441:"Solata s krompirjem in rukolo"
2433:
2408:
2384:
2356:
2345:from the original on 2024-05-09
2298:from the original on 2024-03-27
2250:
2224:
2198:
2167:
2154:
2131:
2122:Padulosi, Pignone D., Editors,
2115:
2102:
2071:
2038:
1993:
1975:
1951:
1929:
1885:"Flora Europaea Search Results"
1864:New RHS Dictionary of Gardening
911:. Its roots are susceptible to
429:. Some botanists consider it a
1908:
918:
540:, the following are synonyms:
295:
1:
3127:Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa
1963:gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org
1691:
1653:is also used as animal feed.
2045:Wright, Clifford A. (2001).
1539:
1520:Percentages estimated using
952:, which contains the line: "
7:
3649:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2599:September 25, 2020, at the
2594:(published August 11, 2012)
2582:The Botanist in the Kitchen
2529:"Arugula History and Facts"
2459:"Krompirjeva juha z rukolo"
1671:Salad bowl of rocket leaves
1604:
1578:, and the dietary minerals
1000:
523:
10:
3670:
2099:on the website Virgil.org.
1645:seeds are pressed to make
1027:105 kJ (25 kcal)
891:
406:, from one of the plant's
3484:
3091:
2666:
2634:magazine in October 2008.
2150:(MIT Press, 1998), p. 14.
1903:Oxford English Dictionary
1683:Arugula in a savory salad
1597:Arugula is generally not
1519:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1485:
1481:
1473:
1460:
1447:
1434:
1421:
1408:
1395:
1382:
1369:
1356:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1314:
1301:
1288:
1271:
1255:
1238:
1221:
1204:
1194:
1159:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1051:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1016:
991:
508:Oxford English Dictionary
197:
190:
168:
161:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
3654:Plants described in 1753
2049:Mediterranean Vegetables
2002:"7 Foods for Better Sex"
1862:Huxley, A., ed. (1992).
661:(L.) Asch. & Graebn.
448:The English common name
396:
347:(pod) 12 to 25 mm (
2613:Ezra Klein, "Arugula",
1534:
1522:US recommendations
288:is widely popular as a
3373:Eruca vesicaria sativa
1526:the National Academies
931:
861:Similarly named plants
594:Brassica uechtritziana
533:
464:, from the Latin word
2615:The American Prospect
2186:USDA Plants Profile:
1125:Vitamins and minerals
926:
868:Diplotaxis tenuifolia
531:
2584:, November 20, 2012.
2533:bwqualitygrowers.com
2177:(Oxford 2008) p. 232
2138:Helen Morgenthau Fox
2112:(Oxford 2008) p. 119
1745:Flora of NW Europe:
843:Velleruca longistyla
578:Brassica pinnatifida
452:derives from French
315:are 2 to 4 cm (
282:Mediterranean region
2362:NutritionData.com,
2212:on February 2, 2014
1590:. It also includes
1013:
851:Velleruca vesicaria
819:Raphanus vesicarius
570:Brassica lativalvis
16:Edible annual plant
3486:Brassica vesicaria
2647:2020-02-18 at the
2617:, October 7, 2008.
2232:"Minnesota Spring"
2000:Upton, Julie, RD.
1983:"Arugula: Arugula"
1922:The New York Times
1800:10.1007/BF02862069
1754:2007-10-14 at the
1487:Other constituents
1011:
932:
803:Euzomum vesicarium
774:Boiss. & Reut.
707:Eruca longirostris
602:Brassica vesicaria
562:Brassica erucoides
554:Brassica erucoides
534:
513:The New York Times
460:, a diminutive of
3626:
3625:
3355:Open Tree of Life
2955:Open Tree of Life
2660:Taxon identifiers
2592:Food in the 'Hood
2396:thefoodellers.com
2330:978-0-309-48834-1
2012:on April 10, 2015
1987:smartgardener.com
1842:978-3-642-14871-2
1532:
1531:
1477:
1476:
885:Brassica oleracea
855:
847:
839:
831:
823:
815:
807:
799:
791:
783:
775:
767:
759:
751:
747:Eruca pinnatifida
743:
735:
731:Eruca orthosepala
727:
719:
711:
703:
699:Eruca latirostris
695:
687:
683:Eruca grandiflora
679:
675:Eruca glabrescens
671:
662:
654:
650:Eruca drepanensis
646:
638:
634:Eruca cappadocica
630:
626:Eruca cappadocica
622:
614:
606:
598:
590:
582:
574:
566:
558:
550:
359:chromosome number
286:E. vesicaria
237:L.) is an edible
233:(Miller) Thell.,
204:
203:
154:E. vesicaria
3661:
3619:
3618:
3606:
3605:
3593:
3592:
3580:
3579:
3567:
3566:
3554:
3553:
3541:
3540:
3528:
3527:
3515:
3514:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3477:
3476:
3464:
3463:
3451:
3450:
3441:
3440:
3428:
3427:
3415:
3414:
3402:
3401:
3389:
3388:
3376:
3375:
3363:
3362:
3350:
3349:
3337:
3336:
3327:
3326:
3314:
3313:
3311:NHMSYS0000458588
3301:
3300:
3288:
3287:
3275:
3274:
3262:
3261:
3249:
3248:
3236:
3235:
3226:
3225:
3213:
3212:
3200:
3199:
3187:
3186:
3174:
3173:
3164:
3163:
3154:
3153:
3141:
3140:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3096:
3093:Eruca vesicaria
3084:
3083:
3071:
3070:
3058:
3057:
3048:
3047:
3035:
3034:
3022:
3021:
3009:
3008:
2996:
2995:
2983:
2982:
2973:
2972:
2963:
2962:
2950:
2949:
2937:
2936:
2927:
2926:
2914:
2913:
2911:NBNSYS0000002814
2901:
2900:
2888:
2887:
2878:
2877:
2865:
2864:
2852:
2851:
2839:
2838:
2826:
2825:
2813:
2812:
2800:
2799:
2787:
2786:
2774:
2773:
2761:
2760:
2748:
2747:
2735:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2712:
2711:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2655:
2654:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2418:. Archived from
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2388:
2382:
2375:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2238:on June 30, 2013
2234:. Archived from
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2208:. Archived from
2202:
2196:
2184:
2178:
2171:
2165:
2158:
2152:
2135:
2129:
2119:
2113:
2106:
2100:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2052:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2029:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2008:. Archived from
1997:
1991:
1990:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1912:
1906:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1881:
1875:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1779:
1773:
1764:
1758:
1743:
1728:
1713:
1680:
1668:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1351:
1276:
1260:
1243:
1226:
1209:
1161:Vitamin A equiv.
1154:
1121:
1120:
1014:
1010:
1003:
996:
995:
853:
845:
837:
829:
821:
813:
805:
797:
789:
787:Euzomum hispidum
781:
779:Eruca sylvestris
773:
771:Eruca stenocarpa
765:
757:
749:
741:
733:
725:
717:
715:Eruca longistyla
709:
701:
693:
691:Eruca lanceolata
685:
677:
669:
660:
652:
644:
636:
628:
620:
612:
604:
596:
588:
586:Brassica turgida
580:
572:
564:
556:
548:
505:
504:
501:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
422:in having early
385:
373:
356:
355:
351:
338:
337:
333:
330:
324:
323:
319:
174:
49:
48:
35:
21:
20:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3644:Leaf vegetables
3629:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3614:
3609:
3601:
3596:
3588:
3583:
3575:
3570:
3562:
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3531:
3523:
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3510:
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3499:
3498:
3493:
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3454:
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3431:
3423:
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3405:
3397:
3392:
3384:
3379:
3371:
3366:
3358:
3353:
3345:
3340:
3332:
3330:
3322:
3317:
3309:
3304:
3296:
3291:
3283:
3278:
3270:
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3257:
3252:
3244:
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3216:
3208:
3203:
3195:
3190:
3182:
3177:
3169:
3167:
3159:
3157:
3149:
3144:
3136:
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3125:
3124:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3094:
3087:
3079:
3074:
3066:
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3043:
3038:
3030:
3025:
3017:
3012:
3004:
2999:
2991:
2986:
2978:
2976:
2970:Eruca_vesicaria
2968:
2966:
2958:
2953:
2945:
2942:Observation.org
2940:
2932:
2930:
2922:
2917:
2909:
2904:
2896:
2891:
2883:
2882:MichiganFlora:
2881:
2873:
2868:
2860:
2855:
2847:
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2834:
2829:
2821:
2816:
2808:
2803:
2795:
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2769:
2764:
2756:
2751:
2743:
2738:
2730:
2728:
2720:
2715:
2707:
2705:
2698:Eruca vesicaria
2696:
2695:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2668:Eruca vesicaria
2662:
2649:Wayback Machine
2601:Wayback Machine
2576:
2571:
2570:
2561:
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2546:
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2251:
2241:
2239:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2213:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2189:Eruca vesicaria
2185:
2181:
2172:
2168:
2160:Gillian Riley,
2159:
2155:
2136:
2132:
2120:
2116:
2107:
2103:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2043:
2039:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2013:
1998:
1994:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1965:
1957:
1956:
1952:
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1941:
1935:
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1930:
1913:
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1896:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1827:
1823:
1788:Economic Botany
1780:
1776:
1766:Med-Checklist:
1765:
1761:
1756:Wayback Machine
1748:Eruca vesicaria
1744:
1731:
1714:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1687:
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1681:
1672:
1669:
1607:
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1233:
1224:
1216:
1207:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1167:
1155:
1126:
1115:
1110:
1091:
1086:
1047:
1042:
921:
894:
863:
858:
795:Euzomum sativum
637:Reut. ex Boiss.
613:E. H. L. Krause
610:Crucifera eruca
526:
518:Craig Claiborne
476:
472:
399:
394:
393:
392:
389:
386:
377:
374:
353:
349:
348:
335:
331:
328:
326:
321:
317:
316:
301:Eruca vesicaria
298:
290:salad vegetable
219:Eruca vesicaria
186:
176:
172:Eruca vesicaria
170:
157:
43:
25:Eruca vesicaria
17:
12:
11:
5:
3667:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3616:wfo-0000571767
3607:
3594:
3581:
3568:
3555:
3542:
3529:
3516:
3506:
3490:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3474:wfo-0000677418
3465:
3452:
3442:
3429:
3416:
3403:
3390:
3377:
3364:
3351:
3338:
3328:
3315:
3302:
3289:
3276:
3263:
3250:
3237:
3227:
3214:
3201:
3188:
3175:
3165:
3155:
3142:
3132:
3117:
3101:
3099:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3081:wfo-0000677413
3072:
3059:
3049:
3036:
3023:
3010:
2997:
2984:
2974:
2964:
2951:
2938:
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2664:
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2652:
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2587:
2575:
2574:External links
2572:
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2490:
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2432:
2407:
2383:
2367:
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2223:
2197:
2179:
2175:The Love Poems
2166:
2153:
2130:
2114:
2110:The Love Poems
2101:
2070:
2063:
2037:
1992:
1974:
1950:
1928:
1907:
1894:
1876:
1855:
1841:
1821:
1794:(4): 394–400.
1774:
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1685:
1682:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1606:
1603:
1576:vitamin C
1572:vitamin A
1568:vitamin K
1541:
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978:Norman Douglas
920:
917:
893:
890:
862:
859:
857:
856:
848:
840:
832:
824:
816:
811:Raphanus eruca
808:
800:
792:
784:
776:
768:
760:
755:Eruca ruchetta
752:
744:
739:Eruca permixta
736:
728:
723:Eruca oleracea
720:
712:
704:
696:
688:
680:
672:
664:
655:
647:
639:
631:
623:
615:
607:
599:
591:
583:
575:
567:
559:
551:
546:Brassica eruca
542:
538:the Plant List
525:
522:
398:
395:
391:
390:
387:
380:
378:
375:
368:
365:
364:
363:
297:
294:
280:Native to the
247:leaf vegetable
241:in the family
235:Brassica eruca
202:
201:
195:
194:
188:
187:
177:
166:
165:
159:
158:
151:
149:
145:
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137:
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127:
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122:
117:
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112:
107:
100:
99:
94:
87:
86:
81:
74:
73:
68:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3666:
3655:
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3647:
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2627:
2625:
2624:Earth Matters
2620:
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2588:
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2578:
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2558:
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2548:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2517:(6): 687–691.
2516:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2493:
2491:90-5782-147-8
2487:
2483:
2479:
2472:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2422:on 2015-06-24
2421:
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2163:
2157:
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2127:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2105:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2066:
2064:9781558321960
2060:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2041:
2033:
2027:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1925:. p. 33.
1924:
1923:
1918:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1898:
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1886:
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1872:0-333-47494-5
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1736:
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1726:
1725:0-340-40170-2
1722:
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1330:
1326:
1319:
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1313:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1278:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1245:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1223:Riboflavin (B
1220:
1213:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1165:beta-Carotene
1162:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1063:Dietary fiber
1060:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:Carbohydrates
1034:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1002:
994:
987:
981:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
950:
945:
941:
937:
930:
925:
916:
915:infestation.
914:
910:
909:garden carpet
906:
901:
898:
889:
887:
886:
881:
879:
878:
872:
870:
869:
852:
849:
844:
841:
836:
835:Sinapis eruca
833:
828:
827:Sinapis eruca
825:
820:
817:
812:
809:
804:
801:
796:
793:
788:
785:
780:
777:
772:
769:
764:
761:
756:
753:
750:(Desf.) Pomel
748:
745:
740:
737:
734:(Lange) Lange
732:
729:
724:
721:
716:
713:
708:
705:
700:
697:
692:
689:
684:
681:
676:
673:
668:
667:Eruca foetida
665:
659:
656:
651:
648:
643:
642:Eruca deserti
640:
635:
632:
627:
624:
619:
616:
611:
608:
603:
600:
595:
592:
587:
584:
579:
576:
571:
568:
563:
560:
555:
552:
547:
544:
543:
541:
539:
536:According to
530:
521:
519:
515:
514:
509:
503:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
446:
444:
440:
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428:
425:
421:
418:differs from
417:
413:
409:
405:
404:
384:
379:
372:
367:
366:
362:
360:
346:
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314:
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293:
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251:garden rocket
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163:Binomial name
160:
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138:
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71:Tracheophytes
69:
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63:
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59:
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42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
3639:Brassicaceae
3485:
3092:
2667:
2639:
2638:David Kamp,
2629:
2623:
2614:
2604:
2591:
2581:
2560:. Retrieved
2557:tastewise.io
2556:
2547:
2536:. Retrieved
2532:
2523:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2481:
2478:"Vegetables"
2471:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2424:. Retrieved
2420:the original
2410:
2399:. Retrieved
2395:
2386:
2378:
2364:Arugula, Raw
2358:
2347:. Retrieved
2319:
2311:
2300:. Retrieved
2291:
2278:
2266:. Retrieved
2261:
2252:
2240:. Retrieved
2236:the original
2226:
2214:. Retrieved
2210:the original
2200:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2174:
2169:
2161:
2156:
2147:
2141:
2133:
2123:
2117:
2109:
2104:
2095:
2090:
2078:
2077:Virgil, 102
2073:
2048:
2040:
2014:. Retrieved
2010:the original
2005:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1966:. Retrieved
1962:
1953:
1942:, retrieved
1937:
1931:
1920:
1910:
1901:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1866:. Macmillan
1863:
1858:
1848:25 September
1846:. Retrieved
1831:
1824:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1769:Eruca sativa
1768:
1762:
1747:
1716:
1655:
1647:taramira oil
1642:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1611:
1608:
1596:
1543:
1491:
1486:
1348:
1343:
1336:
1151:
1146:
1139:
1105:
1081:
1037:
1012:Arugula, raw
1007:
998:
982:
973:
958:Ars Amatoria
953:
947:
933:
929:E. vesicaria
928:
902:
897:E. vesicaria
896:
895:
883:
882:
875:
873:
866:
864:
850:
842:
834:
830:(L.) Clairv.
826:
818:
810:
802:
794:
786:
778:
770:
763:Eruca sativa
762:
754:
746:
738:
730:
722:
714:
706:
698:
690:
682:
674:
666:
657:
649:
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633:
625:
617:
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593:
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577:
569:
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553:
545:
535:
511:
507:
470:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
447:
442:
438:
435:E. vesicaria
434:
420:E. vesicaria
419:
416:Eruca sativa
415:
411:
401:
400:
361:of 2n = 22.
305:annual plant
300:
299:
285:
279:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
243:Brassicaceae
239:annual plant
234:
230:
227:E. vesicaria
226:
223:Eruca sativa
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:
198:
171:
169:
153:
152:
140:
130:Brassicaceae
103:
90:
77:
64:
24:
18:
3386:kew-2798746
3267:iNaturalist
3121:Wikispecies
2993:kew-2798757
2893:NatureServe
2831:iNaturalist
2692:Wikispecies
2083:"The Salad"
1889:rbge.org.uk
1560:food energy
1206:Thiamine (B
986:naturalized
970:Charlemagne
940:aphrodisiac
919:Cultivation
874:Species of
822:(L.) Crantz
814:(L.) Crantz
663:nom. inval.
658:Eruca eruca
618:Eruca aurea
471:"Arugula" (
296:Description
120:Brassicales
84:Angiosperms
3633:Categories
3381:Plant List
3168:Calflora:
2988:Plant List
2729:Calflora:
2562:2023-09-18
2538:2024-05-07
2445:dnevnik.si
2426:2015-04-16
2401:2021-05-17
2349:2024-06-21
2302:2024-03-28
2268:30 January
2006:Health.com
1968:2023-09-18
1692:References
1626:bocconcini
1599:allergenic
1423:Phosphorus
1173:zeaxanthin
927:Flower of
854:(L.) Pomel
726:J.St.-Hil.
431:subspecies
410:, is from
245:used as a
3501:Q21872056
3223:241000036
3210:242320984
2849:1137625-2
2797:241000803
2553:"Arugula"
1651:seed cake
1592:potassium
1588:manganese
1584:magnesium
1540:Nutrition
1436:Potassium
1410:Manganese
1397:Magnesium
1316:Vitamin K
1303:Vitamin E
1290:Vitamin C
1273:Folate (B
1257:Vitamin B
1240:Niacin (B
1196:Vitamin A
838:(L.) Vest
806:(L.) Link
424:deciduous
388:Seed pods
148:Species:
54:Kingdom:
3598:Tropicos
3577:324636-2
3495:Wikidata
3456:VicFlora
3445:VASCAN:
3433:Tropicos
3285:283412-1
3158:BioLib:
3106:Wikidata
3063:VicFlora
3052:VASCAN:
3040:Tropicos
2967:PalDat:
2898:2.154951
2862:10207111
2683:Q5395935
2677:Wikidata
2645:Archived
2597:Archived
2463:zurnal24
2381:, p. 446
2377:Reilly,
2343:Archived
2339:30844154
2296:Archived
2286:(2024).
2026:cite web
1816:36181033
1752:Archived
1618:pecorino
1605:Culinary
1492:Quantity
1417:0.321 mg
1378:0.076 mg
1344:Quantity
1338:Minerals
1323:108.6 μg
1267:0.073 mg
1251:0.305 mg
1234:0.086 mg
1217:0.044 mg
1147:Quantity
1141:Vitamins
993:جِرْجِير
913:nematode
877:Barbarea
524:Synonyms
458:ruchetta
454:roquette
408:synonyms
263:ruchetta
259:roquette
255:colewort
221:; syns.
199:Arugula
192:Synonyms
126:Family:
97:Eudicots
3603:4104999
3551:3049349
3438:4102019
3246:5375925
3112:Q156884
3045:4100461
2960:1098252
2810:5375920
2242:May 24,
2216:May 24,
2191:subsp.
2079:Moretum
2016:July 5,
1808:4256115
1630:buffalo
1622:burrata
1580:calcium
1553:⁄
1469:0.47 mg
1391:1.46 mg
1358:Calcium
1310:0.43 mg
1200:2373 IU
1189:3555 μg
1186:1424 μg
1107:Protein
949:Moretum
892:Ecology
710:Uechtr.
557:Hornem.
441:subsp.
352:⁄
345:siliqua
334:⁄
320:⁄
313:flowers
309:pinnate
229:subsp.
225:Mill.,
215:arugula
136:Genus:
116:Order:
58:Plantae
3564:318856
3525:200957
3512:184906
3509:APDB:
3394:PLANTS
3360:653447
3331:NZOR:
3298:524057
3272:702778
3259:104951
3233:ERUSAT
3230:FoIO:
3197:162800
3151:155600
3135:APDB:
3097:sativa
3095:subsp.
3032:196809
3001:PLANTS
2931:NZOR:
2924:180536
2875:502429
2784:164086
2758:487750
2709:129670
2706:APDB:
2631:Plenty
2488:
2337:
2327:
2193:sativa
2173:Ovid,
2108:Ovid,
2089:. See
2061:
1944:11 May
1870:
1839:
1814:
1806:
1723:
1614:Apulia
1586:, and
1564:folate
1501:91.7 g
1449:Sodium
1443:369 mg
1371:Copper
1365:160 mg
1181:119 μg
1170:lutein
1053:Sugars
1023:Energy
1001:jirjīr
966:decree
944:Virgil
905:larvae
782:Bubani
702:Boiss.
670:Moench
653:Caruel
573:Boiss.
450:rocket
443:sativa
427:sepals
403:Sativa
376:Leaves
341:corymb
303:is an
275:rugula
273:, and
271:rucoli
267:rucola
231:sativa
207:Rocket
110:Rosids
3425:73475
3399:ERVES
3342:NZPCN
3324:29727
3192:EUNIS
3184:ERUVE
3161:39234
3138:78048
3006:ERVE5
2977:PFI:
2857:IRMNG
2836:77058
2823:15711
2779:EUNIS
2771:ERUVV
2745:3B9TG
2722:60583
2603:, in
2087:pesto
1812:S2CID
1804:JSTOR
1643:Eruca
1498:Water
1456:27 mg
1430:52 mg
1404:47 mg
1297:15 mg
1284:97 μg
1114:2.6 g
1090:0.6 g
1067:1.6 g
1057:2.0 g
1046:3.6 g
936:Roman
846:Pomel
766:Mill.
758:Spach
742:Jord.
718:Pomel
694:Pomel
678:Jord.
645:Pomel
629:Reut.
621:Batt.
597:Janka
589:Pers.
581:Desf.
565:Roxb.
466:eruca
439:E. v.
412:satum
397:Names
213:, or
211:eruca
141:Eruca
104:Clade
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
3585:POWO
3572:IPNI
3559:GRIN
3546:GBIF
3538:N85H
3520:APNI
3448:4036
3407:POWO
3368:PfaF
3347:4292
3319:NCBI
3293:ITIS
3280:IPNI
3254:GRIN
3241:GBIF
3179:EPPO
3171:3454
3146:APNI
3055:4037
3014:POWO
2980:1669
2947:6759
2919:NCBI
2870:ITIS
2844:IPNI
2818:GRIN
2805:GBIF
2766:EPPO
2732:9941
2717:APNI
2486:ISBN
2335:PMID
2325:ISBN
2270:2024
2244:2013
2218:2013
2059:ISBN
2032:link
2018:2010
1946:2016
1868:ISBN
1850:2023
1837:ISBN
1721:ISBN
1566:and
1535:Uses
1462:Zinc
1384:Iron
962:Ovid
798:Link
790:Link
686:Cav.
462:ruca
184:Cav.
3611:WFO
3533:CoL
3469:WFO
3420:RHS
3306:NBN
3218:FoC
3205:FNA
3076:WFO
3027:RHS
2906:NBN
2885:648
2792:FNA
2753:EoL
2740:CoL
2292:FDA
1796:doi
1441:12%
1415:14%
1402:11%
1363:12%
1349:%DV
1321:91%
1295:17%
1282:24%
1184:13%
1179:13%
1152:%DV
1083:Fat
968:by
960:of
437:as
433:of
325:to
3635::
3613::
3600::
3587::
3574::
3561::
3548::
3535::
3522::
3497::
3471::
3458::
3435::
3422::
3409::
3396::
3383::
3370::
3357::
3344::
3321::
3308::
3295::
3282::
3269::
3256::
3243::
3220::
3207::
3194::
3181::
3148::
3123::
3108::
3078::
3065::
3042::
3029::
3016::
3003::
2990::
2957::
2944::
2921::
2908::
2895::
2872::
2859::
2846::
2833::
2820::
2807::
2794::
2781::
2768::
2755::
2742::
2719::
2694::
2679::
2555:.
2531:.
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2513:.
2509:.
2480:.
2461:.
2443:.
2394:.
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2333:.
2294:.
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2260:.
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2057:.
2055:27
2028:}}
2024:{{
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1961:.
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1628:,
1624:,
1601:.
1594:.
1582:,
1574:,
1467:4%
1454:1%
1428:4%
1389:8%
1376:8%
1308:3%
1265:4%
1249:2%
1232:7%
1215:4%
946:,
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549:L.
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1227:)
1225:2
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496:l
493:ə
490:ɡ
484:r
481:ˈ
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354:2
350:1
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