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717:", with armed sailors making incursions inland for provisions. Queirós announced his intention to found a city, Nova Jerusalem, and appointed municipal officers. In early June, with provisions running low, they left the bay to explore the neighbouring coastline. Queirós' lead ship became separated, and, whether through adverse weather or mutiny, was unable to make anchor in the bay.
730:, searched the coast for signs of shipwreck but found none. He remained until late June, then sailed to the west coast with the intention of circumnavigating what he considered to be an island, not a continent. The wind and current were against this aim, so he left the island sailing west, eventually encountering the previously unexplored southern coast of
895:" was proclaimed on May 28. France recognized the independence on June 3. On June 5, the tribal chiefs of Santo named the French Ambassador Philippe Allonneau the "King of Vemerana", and Jimmy Stevens became the Prime Minister. Luganville was renamed Allonneaupolis. Next, negotiations with Port-Vila failed, and from July 27 to August 18, British
1065:, three "main roads" emerge. Main Street leaves the town to the west and winds along the south coast of the island for about 40 km ending at the village of Tasiriki on the southwest coast. Canal Road runs along the southern and eastern coasts of the island, north through Hog Harbor and Golden Beach, ending at
1109:). There is a market in Luganville where local food such as yams, sweet potatoes, manioc, taro, cabbage, and other freshly grown island staples are sold. Some local handicrafts are also sold there. Several small supermarkets such as LCM, Unity Shell, and Au bon Marche sell groceries and many packaged goods.
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The Loru
Rainforest Protected Area is situated in the lowland rainforests of Espiritu Santo. Established in 1993 by Chief Caleb Ser, the 220 hectares (540 acres) reserve supports a rich variety of Vanuatu's bird, bat, and plant life, as well as a diverse range of marine species in the two-kilometre
585:, on Espiritu Santo's southeast coast, is Vanuatu's second-largest settlement and the provincial capital. Roads run north and west from Luganville, but most of the island is far from the limited road network. Around Espiritu Santo lie a number of small islands and islets; among them are:
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Many people on
Espiritu Santo still rely on subsistence farming for their food. The villages on the island are mostly self-sufficient with their own vegetable gardens, chickens, and pigs. Taros and yams are commonly grown in these gardens, and these are mainstays of the local diet.
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were deployed to
Vanuatu's capital island, but they did not enter Espiritu Santo as the soon-to-be government had hoped. The troops were recalled shortly before independence. Following independence on 31 July 1980, Vanuatu, now governed by the Vanuaku Party with Father
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Diego del Prado: "Luis Baes de Torres went in the boat, well equipped, along the coast of the bay to the north and the launch along the other coast, hugging the land because if the vessel had made shipwreck they would find plenty of pieces of planks along the coast"
1125:, a species restricted entirely to Espiritu Santo. Two protected areas have been established to safeguard the island's biodiversity; the Loru Conservation Area on the east coast and the Vatthe Conservation area near Big Bay in the north.
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movement, in alliance with private French interests and backed by the
Phoenix Foundation and American libertarians hoping to establish a tax-free haven, declared the island of Espiritu Santo to be independent of the new government. The
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Espiritu Santo is home to a number of cattle farms (including the famous Belmol Cattle
Project, originally established by French settlers), and the island exports much of its beef to Japan, Australia, and other Pacific countries.
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Besides beef, tinned fish, and rice bought in town, Espiritu Santo has many foods that locals take for granted, and that tourists enjoy as delicacies. Among these are sweet pineapples, mangoes, island cabbage, flying foxes, and
181:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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is the popular drug of the island, although alcohol is becoming more prevalent. With the rising number of adults using alcohol, there is a rising crime rate, especially involving violence toward women, and tribal warfare.
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The local chief tried to chase the
Spanish explorers back to their ships, which led to an exchange of arrows and musket-fire, in which the chief was killed. The ships remained for a month at their anchorage
1390:
Burney (1803), pp. 300–301. Burney is critical of the
Spaniards' approach to diplomacy, though he notes the incident probably "saved the people of the country from the dominion of European masters".
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during the war and was sunk. The shipwreck off
Espiritu Santo later became a popular diving spot. The presence of the Americans contributed later to the island's tourism in
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For almost all of
Espiritu Santo's people, custom plays a large part in their lives, regardless of their religion. The chief system continues strongly in most areas.
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draws tourists with its white sand and clear waters. The "Western Side" of the island contains many caves which can be explored, and cruise ships often stop in at
1069:. Big Bay Highway splits off from Canal Road near Turtle Bay on the east coast, runs generally west to the mountains, and then it leads north to Big Bay. The
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760:, on the northeast coast, was the site of the British district administration, while Segond, near Luganville, was the French district administration.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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843:, as the Americans dumped most of their used military and naval equipment, and their refuse, at what is now known as "Million Dollar Point".
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557:, with an area of 3,955.5 km (1,527.2 sq mi) and a population of around 40,000 according to the 2009 census.
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After the departure of Queirós and Torres, the
Espiritu Santo was not visited again by Europeans until 160 years later, by
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1003:", a term that in Vanuatu has no pejorative connotation — it simply denotes someone who has not embraced Christianity.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Espiritu Santo, with many wrecks and reefs to be explored, is a very popular tourist destination for divers.
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Pillon, Yohan (2018). A new species of Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) from Vanuatu and notes on the genus.
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A chronological history of the discoveries in the South Sea or Pacific Ocean; illustrated with charts
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1518:"Tourist Information - Vanuatu Protected Areas Initiative / Loru Rainforest and Environment Centre"
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The local people make their living by supporting the tourist trade, by cash-crop farming, mostly
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is the only true town on the island; the rest of the island is dotted with small villages. From
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Terra Australia Incognita; The Spanish Quest for the Great South Land
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is endemic to high mountain forests on Mount Tabwemasana.
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The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
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also called Fighter Field #1 served the fighter planes.
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In highly fictionalized form, this was the locale of
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in Bislama, or great hog plum in English (a type of
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878:during the transfer of power over the colonial
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199:accompanying your translation by providing an
165:Click for important translation instructions.
152:expand this article with text translated from
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1549:Vol. 347 No. 2: 13 April 2018: 197–200. DOI:
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1046:In September 1998, Espiritu Santo hosted the
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767:ID check at the entrance to the base during
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553:) is the largest island in the nation of
335:3,955.5 km (1,527.2 sq mi)
123:Learn how and when to remove this message
1081:is the largest one, and it runs through
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835:was a converted luxury liner that hit a
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1073:is about five km east of the center of
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61:adding citations to reliable sources
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675:expedition of three ships, led by
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1330:2009 Census Summary release final
807:Santo-Pekoa International Airport
803:40th Naval Construction Battalion
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211:{{Translated|fr|Espiritu Santo}}
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1352:. Allen & Unwin, Australia
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791:Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
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48:needs additional citations for
21:Espiritu Santo (disambiguation)
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1308:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
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973:Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu
704:Bahía de San Felipe y Santiago
209:You may also add the template
1:
1566:Espirtu Santo tourism website
1254:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
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1135:Metrosideros tabwemasanaensis
734:. Torres then discovered the
997:Seventh-day Adventist Church
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343:1,879 m (6165 ft)
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1335:December 21, 2013, at the
1220:Collins English Dictionary
1129:stretch of fringing reef.
1054:Economy and infrastructure
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853:Tales of the South Pacific
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736:strait that bears his name
681:Pedro Fernandes de Queirós
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565:The island belongs to the
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1182:[esˈpiɾituˈsanto]
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1148:Espiritu Santo languages
930:Over 30 different local
815:Luganville Seaplane Base
691:] del Espíritu Santo
581:of Vanuatu. The town of
26:Not to be confused with
2342:Former Spanish colonies
1568:(archived 5 March 2010)
1516:roy@positiveearth.org.
1473:Encyclopædia Britannica
1339:- Government of Vanuatu
1285:Oxford University Press
1189:", usually called just
1123:Santo mountain starling
987:). Also active are the
936:North Vanuatu languages
926:Best Point, South Santo
858:Rodgers and Hammerstein
856:, and of the following
685:La Austrialia [
550:[ɛspiʁitysɑ̃to]
392: (pop. 10,738)
220:For more guidance, see
1369:Burney, James (1803).
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714:Puerto de la Vera Cruz
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340:Highest elevation
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1281:US English Dictionary
1071:international airport
977:Roman Catholic Church
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811:Palikulo Bay Airfield
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743:Louis de Bougainville
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263:Map of Espiritu Santo
222:Knowledge:Translation
193:copyright attribution
1619:Provinces of Vanuatu
1348:Estensen, M. (2006)
934:, a subgroup of the
893:Republic of Vemerana
57:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
1431:English translation
1153:Vanuatu Labor Corps
1050:soccer tournament.
981:Church of Melanesia
823:Turtle Bay Airfield
795:Luganville Airfield
728:Luis Váez de Torres
302: /
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2352:Islands of Vanuatu
1670:Islands and islets
1399:Burney (1803) pp.
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832:President Coolidge
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386:Largest settlement
348:Highest point
306:15.417°S 166.900°E
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201:interlanguage link
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1736:Maskelyne Islands
1442:Burney (1803) p.
1358:978-1-74175-054-6
1311:. Merriam-Webster
1159:Explanatory notes
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642:Mount Tabwemasana
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74: –
73:
69:
68:Find sources:
62:
58:
52:
51:
46:This article
44:
40:
35:
34:
29:
22:
2277:Rowa Islands
1902:Malokilikili
1881:
1546:
1541:
1530:. Retrieved
1526:the original
1521:
1511:
1500:. Retrieved
1496:
1487:
1476:. Retrieved
1472:
1469:"Luganville"
1463:
1451:
1438:
1420:
1408:
1395:
1386:
1371:
1364:
1349:
1344:
1325:
1313:. Retrieved
1306:
1297:
1289:the original
1277:
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1249:
1240:
1228:. Retrieved
1218:
1209:
1190:
1167:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1116:
1113:Biodiversity
1106:
1102:
1099:coconut crab
1095:
1091:
1087:
1057:
1045:
1031:witch doctor
1027:tuberculosis
1020:
1017:
970:
951:
940:
929:
902:Garde Mobile
900:
880:New Hebrides
873:
861:
851:
845:
841:scuba diving
831:
827:
787:World War II
784:
775:World War II
769:World War II
751:
745:in 1768 and
740:
719:
709:
690:
684:
670:
639:
571:New Hebrides
564:
421:
420:
397:Demographics
364:
326:New Hebrides
197:edit summary
188:
159:
151:
119:
113:January 2023
110:
100:
93:
86:
79:
67:
55:Please help
50:verification
47:
2292:Ureparapara
2055:Iriwiti Lep
1917:Maltinerava
1872:Dany Island
1187:Holy Spirit
958:cocoa beans
908:Walter Lini
817:served the
758:Hog Harbour
754:Condominium
627:Maltinerava
587:Dany Island
567:archipelago
322:Archipelago
309: /
285:Coordinates
2321:Categories
2297:Vanua Lava
2025:Erueti Lep
1990:Ekapum Lep
1532:2009-11-27
1502:2007-10-23
1478:2007-10-23
1427:manuscript
1201:References
1083:Luganville
1075:Luganville
1063:Luganville
1059:Luganville
979:, and the
947:Luganville
747:James Cook
732:New Guinea
677:Portuguese
613:, Malohu,
583:Luganville
414:Ni-Vanuatu
402:Population
390:Luganville
83:newspapers
2302:Vot Tande
2252:Mota Lava
2164:Erromango
2125:Tongariki
2040:Fatumiala
1922:Malvapevu
1912:Malparavu
1829:Pentecost
1721:Leumanang
1547:Phytotaxa
1315:13 August
1258:13 August
1230:13 August
1171:From the
1132:The tree
1067:Port Olry
1009:Nagriamel
1005:Customary
888:Nagriamel
876:rebellion
860:musical,
749:in 1774.
723:almirante
679:explorer
623:Malparavu
619:Malvapevu
575:Melanesia
561:Geography
280:, Vanuatu
269:Geography
215:talk page
156:in French
2232:Merelava
2154:Aneityum
2137:(Étarik)
1907:Malotina
1731:Malakula
1611:province
1333:Archived
1142:See also
985:Anglican
837:sea mine
819:seaplane
375:Province
297:166°54′E
274:Location
191:provide
2272:Ravenga
2050:Iririki
2020:Eretoka
1980:Buninga
1962:Urelapa
1927:Malwepe
1892:Lataroa
1867:Bokissa
1862:Asuleka
1678:Malampa
1627:Malampa
1607:Vanuatu
1603:Islands
1173:Spanish
1023:malaria
1001:heathen
966:peanuts
918:Culture
801:of the
799:Seabees
785:During
673:Spanish
648:History
635:Bokissa
615:Malwepe
603:Lataroa
569:of the
555:Vanuatu
546:French:
366:Vanuatu
294:15°25′S
213:to the
195:in the
158:.
97:scholar
2257:Nawila
2242:Metoma
2212:Kwakéa
2174:Inyeug
2169:Futuna
2130:Tongoa
2120:Tefala
2105:Namuka
2090:Mataso
2085:Makura
2080:Lelepa
2060:Kakula
2015:Eratap
2010:Erakor
1957:Tutuba
1947:Tangoa
1887:Lataro
1811:Penama
1781:Uripiv
1771:Uluveo
1766:Tomman
1741:Norsup
1726:Lopevi
1701:Atchin
1691:Ambrym
1686:Akhamb
1632:Penama
1457:p. 299
1414:p. 305
1356:
1279:Lexico
1042:Sports
1013:Fanafo
995:, the
991:, the
975:, the
633:, and
631:Tangoa
607:Lataro
99:
92:
85:
78:
70:
2282:Tegua
2262:Ngwel
2237:Merig
2222:Linua
2217:Leneu
2194:Torba
2179:Tanna
2159:Aniwa
2146:Tafea
2110:Nguna
2075:Lamen
2070:Laika
2065:Kuwae
2045:Ifira
2035:Falea
2030:Ewose
1985:Efate
1972:Shefa
1952:Thion
1942:Sakao
1937:Ratua
1932:Mavia
1857:Araki
1839:Sanma
1824:Maewo
1819:Ambae
1796:Vulaï
1761:Sowan
1756:Sakao
1746:Paama
1716:Khoti
1706:Avock
1696:Arseo
1652:Torba
1647:Tafea
1642:Shefa
1637:Sanma
1403:–304.
1381:-300.
1191:Santo
954:copra
611:Thion
599:Sakao
591:Araki
380:Sanma
175:DeepL
104:JSTOR
90:books
2287:Toga
2247:Mota
2202:Gaua
2115:Pele
2100:Moso
2095:Mele
2000:Emao
1995:Emae
1897:Malo
1852:Aore
1847:Aese
1801:Wala
1791:Varo
1751:Rano
1711:Awei
1377:pp.
1354:ISBN
1317:2019
1260:2019
1232:2019
1103:naos
1035:Kava
1025:and
962:kava
960:and
828:The
821:and
720:The
332:Area
189:must
187:You
76:news
2207:Hiw
2135:Wot
2005:Epi
1786:Vao
1776:Uri
1609:by
1605:of
1444:311
1401:302
1379:299
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688:sic
177:or
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