3437:
3425:
629:, aimed to the adoption of a flexible exchange rate system. Concurrently, Ethiopia secured over $ 15 billion in financial support from the World Bank, including direct grants, debt extensions, and investment commitments. The Ethiopian Birr experienced a substantial decline, falling 63% against the US dollar within a week of floating. The government's introduction of a floating exchange rate led to a volatile period, with the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia and private banks rapidly adjusting their foreign exchange rates. The exchange rate as indicated by the
658:
861:, was reported as a preventative measure against hoarding, counterfeiting and other corruption affecting the economy. He also noted that the country spent 3.7 billion birrs ($ 101.2 million) to print the new banknotes. Companies and individuals can only cash up to 1.5 million birrs ($ 41,000). The cash withdrawal from banks should also not exceed 100,000 birrs ($ 2,737). The old 5-birr notes, while they will remain legal tender, will be replaced with a coin.
36:
3401:
164:
3413:
1805:
319:
385:
834:
854:
113 billion birrs ($ 3.6 billion) remain hidden from the banks. The federal government also believes this money is being used as a catalyst to the current instability in
Ethiopia. In just a month, Ethiopian banks took in 14 billion birrs (around $ 500 million) into their system, which is expected to increase towards the end of 2020. The measure, announced by
557:
of 1941, British forces brought with them Indian, Egyptian, British, and
British East African currency, and all were received in official payments. Italian coins and notes of up to 50 lire were allowed to continue in circulation to serve as small change; higher denominations were withdrawn at a rate
532:
was introduced on 15 July 1936 and
Ethiopian banknotes were withdrawn from circulation at 3 lire per talari (birr). In an effort to increase the use of Italian paper money, the exchange rate for silver coins (Maria Theresa thalers) was raised to 4.50 lire, then to 5.00, and eventually, in stages, to
853:
On 14 September 2020, Ethiopia announced the introduction of new banknotes of 10, 50, 100, and 200 birrs, with the latter being issued as a high denomination note to tackle inflation. Older issues of 10, 50, and 100 birr notes were demonetized in
December. The federal government reported that over
841:
On 23 July 1945, notes were introduced by the Bank of
Ethiopia in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 birrs. The National Bank of Ethiopia was established by imperial proclamation 207 of 27 July 1963, and began operation on 1 January 1964. The National Bank of Ethiopia took over note
820:
The Bank of
Abyssinia introduced banknotes for 5, 10, 100 and 500 talaris in 1915, and 280,000 talaris worth of notes were printed. The text on the notes was in Amharic and French. A 50-talari note was added in 1929, by which time over 1.5 million talaris in notes were circulating.
544:
circulated after 15 July 1936. Special notes with a red overprint were authorized for
Italian East Africa on 12 September 1938, and a large quantity was printed. It is not clear, however, when, where, and to what extent these special notes actually circulated.
824:
The Bank of
Ethiopia issued notes in 1932 in denominations of 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 talaris. A 2-talari note dated 1 June 1933 was issued in honour of the Imperial couple. By the end of 1934, some 3.3 million talaris in notes were circulating.
752:), coins were reintroduced, with copper 1, 5, 10 and 25 santim and silver 50 santim coins. A second series was issued in 1977 (EE1969). It consisted of aluminium 1 santim, brass 5 and 10 santim, cupro-nickel 25 and 50 santim, and
482:; the bank was officially inaugurated by Menelik on 15 February 1906. The Ethiopian coinage gained acceptance only gradually, and the Bank of Abyssinia imported Maria Theresa thalers. By the time
471:
as the talari, but there was now a quarter-birr and a silver ghersh, the latter 1/16 the weight of the birr. The money of account then became 1 birr, equivalent to 16 ghersh or 32 bessa.
621:(NBE) spearheaded this initiative, receiving $ 13.5 billion from international partners to support the transition. This funding, primarily from multilateral lenders like the
486:
broke out, the bank was still importing about 1,200,000 of these coins annually. The Bank of
Abyssinia put banknotes into circulation in 1915. These notes were denominated
788:
Besides having almost all text in
Amharic, there are two features that help to immediately identify an Ethiopian birr. Coins dated before 1977 (EE1969) feature
494:
in English. They were used by merchants and foreigners but were not initially accepted generally. However, note circulation increased considerably after 1925.
236:
617:
In 2024, Ethiopia undertook reforms, including the liberalization of its foreign exchange market, leading to the floating of the Ethiopian Birr. The
1545:
1541:
2789:
2148:
1794:
3064:
2276:
2175:
612:
792:. This can be seen in the adjacent picture. Coins dated 1977 (EE1969) or later picture the head of a roaring lion, with a flowing mane.
740:
and 1 werk. In 1931, a new series of coins was introduced consisting of copper 1 and 5 metonnyas, and nickel 10, 20 and 50 metonnyas.
2498:
1982:
1934:
501:
bought out the Bank of Abyssinia in 1931 for £235,000 in order to make it a purely Ethiopian institution. It was reorganized as the
2721:
505:. At the same time, the currency was decimalized and token nickel and copper coins were introduced, the birr becoming equal to 100
1378:
2658:
2362:
1415:
3477:
3457:
2158:
2379:
1514:
803:
were generally struck at Addis Ababa. The coins struck at Paris have either the mintmark "A" with the cornucopia and fasces
2118:
2091:
554:
435:
The Ethiopian talari became the standard unit on 9 February 1893, and 200,000 were produced at the Paris Mint in 1894 for
3089:
3294:
2782:
2747:
1995:
1939:
2192:
1787:
366:
348:
2412:
2163:
576:
became the money of account on 1 July 1942; it eventually became the sole legal tender and remained so until 1945.
2128:
1571:
3467:
2369:
2243:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
340:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
2518:
2374:
2350:
2170:
1929:
1893:
344:
3462:
2775:
2628:
2609:
2483:
2389:
2328:
2238:
2223:
1975:
1919:
1842:
1837:
1736:
became part of a federation with Ethiopia in 1952. Eritrea became a fully integrated part of Ethiopia in 1960
1476:
PANKHURST, RICHARD, et al. "The Trade of Central Ethiopia in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries".
3472:
2547:
2432:
2427:
2041:
1780:
2653:
2638:
2604:
630:
580:
558:
of 24 lire per shilling. Maria Theresa thalers were allowed to circulate with a value of 1 shilling and
3391:
2564:
2357:
2293:
2248:
2228:
2153:
2101:
855:
2897:
2579:
2508:
2470:
2333:
2283:
2233:
2096:
1883:
1549:
618:
188:
2913:
2616:
2569:
2559:
2528:
2263:
2187:
2046:
1968:
1949:
329:
2621:
2503:
2493:
2465:
2417:
2394:
2108:
2083:
1944:
1924:
1832:
1448:
333:
102:
1296:
467:
A new Ethiopian coinage appeared about 1903. The new silver birr maintained the same weight and
3304:
2599:
2340:
2068:
789:
479:
2830:
780:
The dates, like the rest of the legend, appear in Amharic, the official language of Ethiopia.
641:
There have been various proposals for a birr symbol, mostly based on the Geʽez fidel ብ (
428:). The Maria Theresa thaler was officially adopted as the standard coin in 1855, although the
2931:
2633:
2574:
2533:
2384:
2345:
2288:
2202:
1903:
1676:
573:
516:
By the mid-1930s circulation consisted chiefly of Maria Theresa thalers and Menelik talaris.
20:
1337:
3299:
3161:
3026:
2711:
2696:
2648:
2513:
2404:
2316:
2253:
2123:
2011:
1888:
1852:
1614:
1599:
393:
8:
3231:
3015:
2844:
2740:
2673:
2584:
2523:
2453:
2422:
2271:
2215:
2138:
2113:
2036:
2003:
1898:
1873:
1847:
1808:
1651:
1429:
525:
280:(as it had already been known internally for at least 1,600 years) instead of the exonym
270:
524:
Not long after the Italian occupation and the attempted transformation of Ethiopia into
3429:
3176:
3170:
3136:
3031:
2594:
2488:
2026:
1878:
1857:
749:
220:
67:
1464:
Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa
3004:
2940:
2756:
2716:
2706:
2701:
2686:
2663:
2298:
2053:
633:(CBE) is plummeted from 57 birr per US dollar a week ago to the 106 birr per dollar.
478:
was established in 1905 by Emperor Menelik and the European banking group behind the
3036:
2984:
2589:
2073:
2063:
2031:
2021:
753:
475:
290:
251:
3405:
3284:
3210:
3141:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3009:
2999:
2958:
2892:
2849:
2078:
84:
591:
The birr was reintroduced in 1945 at a rate of 1 birr per 2 shillings. The name
305:
186 billion birr ($ 14.7 billion or €9.97 billion) were in circulation in 2008.
3289:
3269:
3243:
3215:
3146:
3057:
2989:
2979:
2887:
2871:
2866:
2855:
2818:
2813:
2690:
2437:
1750:
1304:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1263:
498:
452:
273:
3451:
3441:
3329:
3279:
3274:
3052:
2963:
2681:
2058:
541:
537:
3417:
3320:
3116:
2839:
1772:
1637:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
657:
529:
429:
182:
439:. The talari, equivalent to the Maria Theresa thaler, was divided into 20
3338:
842:
production in 1966 and issued all denominations except for the 500 birr.
796:
483:
302:, although neither the country nor the currency changed beyond the name.
35:
2767:
2643:
2180:
2143:
1575:
1449:"Ethiopia : Impacts of the Birr devaluation on inflation : 1"
858:
804:
670:
Between 1894 and 1897 copper coins were introduced in denominations of
626:
595:
was used in the English text on the banknotes. It was divided into 100
513:). The text on the banknotes appeared in Amharic, French, and English.
436:
3107:
406:) served as currency in Ethiopia. The thaler was known locally as the
800:
790:
the Conquering Lion of Judah (a crowned rampant lion holding a cross)
1960:
833:
533:
13.50. Still, many people kept their Ethiopian coins and banknotes.
318:
3260:
3183:
3153:
3073:
2904:
2798:
1991:
1804:
1721:
468:
259:
169:
48:
603:). Birr became the official name, used in all languages, in 1976.
411:
3365:
3256:
3201:
3192:
3098:
1733:
986:
795:
Coins were struck at several mints, including Paris, Berlin, and
415:
276:
formally requested that the international community use the name
130:
2016:
384:
1345:
1029:
596:
263:
1495:
3356:
3311:
3247:
2949:
1647:
456:
3374:
3347:
3236:
3082:
2922:
2823:
2133:
1004:
1000:
807:, or the cornucopia and torch privy marks without the "A".
1484:, www.jstor.org/stable/41965712. Accessed 20 October 2020.
622:
432:
and the Mexican dollar were also used in foreign trade.
294:. Thus, the pre-1931 currency may be referred to as the
201:
3389:
1572:"FXConverter - Currency Converter for 164 Currencies"
845:
Banknotes have been issued in the following series:
1515:"Ethiopia demonetized old banknote with new prints"
649:with two horizontal slashes on the left hand side.
548:
661:Reverse of a 50 metonnyas coin from 1931 (EE1923)
3449:
783:
1052:Banknotes of the Ethiopian birr (2020 version)
964:Banknotes of the Ethiopian birr (2006 version)
2783:
1976:
1788:
423:
401:
3065:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
1802:
1706:English translation was "dollar" before 1976
586:
613:2024 Ethiopian foreign exchange rate policy
347:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2790:
2776:
1983:
1969:
1795:
1781:
1124:
1121:
1118:
756:1 birr coins. The most recent issues are:
519:
1539:
1493:
367:Learn how and when to remove this message
2797:
832:
656:
383:
379:
636:
583:were used for circulation in Ethiopia.
3450:
1600:A gallery of the banknotes of Ethiopia
1500:. San Francisco, CA: BanknoteNews.com.
645:). One suggested symbol comprises the
2771:
1990:
1964:
1776:
1746:
1739:
1718:
1709:
1695:
1672:
1633:
1626:
1610:
1461:
848:
690:birr, together with silver 1 ghersh,
606:
258:) is the primary unit of currency in
1564:
1509:
1507:
1494:Linzmayer, Owen (2012). "Ethiopia".
766:25 santim 2016 (EE2008; also called
345:adding citations to reliable sources
312:
40:Reverse of a 1 Ethiopian birr note,
3090:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1114:Ethiopian birr per US$ , 2005–2009
891:1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 birr
13:
1480:, vol. 2, no. 2, 1964, pp. 41–91.
14:
3489:
1593:
1504:
1096:Sof Omar caves; City gate, Harar
42:depicting the Tisisat waterfalls.
3435:
3423:
3411:
3399:
1803:
1720:Currency of Eritrea (as part of
828:
549:East African shilling, 1941–1945
392:In the 18th and 19th centuries,
317:
162:
34:
1093:Enqulal Gemb fortress (Gondar)
883:1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 birr
815:
298:and the post-1931 currency the
148:1, 5, 10, 25, 50 santim; 1 birr
1930:Growth and Transformation Plan
1533:
1487:
1470:
1455:
1441:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1127:
743:
1:
3478:Currencies introduced in 1894
3458:Currencies with ISO 4217 code
1435:
784:Identification and appearance
665:
1540:Nachthund (7 January 2007).
1478:Journal of Ethiopian Studies
810:
262:. It is subdivided into 100
7:
3295:São Tomé and Príncipe dobra
2149:Federal Democratic Republic
1423:
631:Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
581:East African Currency Board
140:1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200 birr
10:
3494:
1257:Current ETB exchange rates
947:1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr
931:1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr
923:1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr
915:1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr
907:1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr
899:1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr
864:
610:
396:and blocks of salt called
308:
18:
3224:
3045:
2972:
2898:Central African CFA franc
2880:
2806:
2734:
2672:
2555:
2546:
2461:
2452:
2403:
2324:
2315:
2262:
2214:
2210:
2201:
2002:
1912:
1866:
1825:
1815:
1685:end of British occupation
1256:
1248:
1051:
963:
955:10, 50, 100 and 200 birr
619:National Bank of Ethiopia
599:(derived from the French
587:Second birr, 1945–present
424:
402:
255:
229:
219:
214:
194:
189:National Bank of Ethiopia
180:
175:
157:
152:
144:
136:
115:
108:
101:
83:
78:
66:
54:
47:
33:
2914:Central African Republic
2171:War in Somalia (2006–09)
652:
572:pence (or 45 lire). The
1668:Ethiopian birr (dollar)
1606:Ethiopian birr (thaler)
1028:Enqulal Gemb fortress (
773:50 santim 2016 (EE2008)
763:10 santim 2004 (EE1996)
748:In 1944 (EE1936 in the
520:Italian lira, 1936–1941
464:(a small copper coin).
410:(literally 'silver' in
3468:Circulating currencies
3305:West African CFA franc
2499:Industrial development
2413:National Defense Force
2154:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
1940:International rankings
1935:Industrial development
1462:Hatke, George (2013).
1071:Camel, coffee harvest
838:
760:5 santim 2006 (EE1998)
662:
480:National Bank of Egypt
389:
92: (Latin Script)
2932:Republic of the Congo
2193:Territorial evolution
2088:Italo-Ethiopian wars
1759:currency independence
1677:East African shilling
836:
720:and 1 birr, and gold
660:
579:Regular notes of the
574:East African shilling
555:East African Campaign
394:Maria Theresa thalers
387:
380:First birr, 1855–1936
21:Birr (disambiguation)
3463:Currencies of Africa
3300:Sierra Leonean leone
3027:South Sudanese pound
2722:World Heritage Sites
2659:Water and sanitation
2084:Menelik's Expansions
1697:Currency of Ethiopia
1692:1 birr = 2 shillings
1628:Currency of Ethiopia
1615:Maria Theresa thaler
1552:on 27 September 2007
1416:ethioblackmarket.com
1379:ethioblackmarket.com
1338:ethioblackmarket.com
1297:ethioblackmarket.com
776:1 birr 2016 (EE2008)
637:Proposed birr symbol
341:improve this section
19:For other uses, see
16:Currency of Ethiopia
3473:Economy of Ethiopia
3232:Cape Verdean escudo
3016:Somaliland shilling
2845:Mauritanian ouguiya
2831:Plazas de soberanía
1809:Economy of Ethiopia
1741:Currency of Eritrea
1669:
1652:Italian East Africa
1607:
1542:"Update – Ethiopia"
1521:. 14 September 2020
1430:Economy of Ethiopia
1115:
526:Italian East Africa
58:ETB (numeric:
30:
3177:South African rand
3171:Saint Helena pound
3137:Mozambican metical
3032:Tanzanian shilling
2519:Telecommunications
2433:Army of the Empire
2114:Italian occupation
2069:Ethiopian–Adal War
2027:Kingdom of Wolaita
1894:Telecommunications
1744:1993 – 1997
1667:
1631:1894 – 1936
1605:
1113:
987:Tisisat waterfalls
849:2020 denominations
839:
750:Ethiopian calendar
663:
607:2024 birr floating
390:
284:, and the issuing
237:The World Factbook
28:
3387:
3386:
3005:Seychellois rupee
2941:Equatorial Guinea
2765:
2764:
2730:
2729:
2629:Human trafficking
2542:
2541:
2448:
2447:
2390:Foreign relations
2380:Political parties
2311:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2164:2018 peace summit
2054:Solomonic dynasty
1958:
1957:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1760:
1737:
1727:1952 – 1993
1707:
1693:
1686:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1654:
1624:
1497:The Banknote Book
1466:. pp. 52–53.
1421:
1420:
1252:
1251:
1111:
1110:
1047:
1046:
959:
958:
540:and banknotes of
476:Bank of Abyssinia
377:
376:
369:
286:Bank of Abyssinia
244:
243:
97:(Ethiopic Script)
3485:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3395:
3378:
3369:
3360:
3351:
3342:
3333:
3324:
3315:
3264:
3251:
3205:
3196:
3187:
3164:
3157:
3111:
3102:
3093:
3077:
3068:
3037:Ugandan shilling
2985:Djiboutian franc
2953:
2944:
2935:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2834:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2769:
2768:
2750:
2743:
2553:
2552:
2479:
2459:
2458:
2428:Military history
2322:
2321:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2129:1974 coup d'état
2074:Gondarine period
2064:Kingdom of Kaffa
2032:Ethiopian Empire
2022:Kingdom of Aksum
1985:
1978:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1807:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1774:
1773:
1762:
1755:
1729:
1702:
1688:
1681:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1642:
1619:
1608:
1604:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1574:. Archived from
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1548:. Archived from
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1511:
1502:
1501:
1491:
1485:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1254:
1253:
1116:
1112:
1049:
1048:
1043:Man, microscope
961:
960:
869:
868:
799:. Coins without
739:
738:
734:
729:
728:
724:
719:
718:
714:
709:
708:
704:
699:
698:
694:
689:
688:
684:
679:
678:
674:
593:Ethiopian dollar
571:
570:
566:
563:
503:Bank of Ethiopia
427:
426:
405:
404:
372:
365:
361:
358:
352:
321:
313:
291:Bank of Ethiopia
288:also became the
257:
232:
225:15% October 2017
210:
207:
205:
203:
197:
185:
168:
166:
165:
127:
126:
125:
121:
96:
91:
74:
61:
38:
31:
27:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3436:
3434:
3424:
3422:
3412:
3410:
3400:
3398:
3390:
3388:
3383:
3372:
3363:
3354:
3345:
3336:
3327:
3318:
3309:
3285:Liberian dollar
3254:
3241:
3220:
3211:Swazi lilangeni
3199:
3190:
3181:
3160:
3151:
3142:Namibian dollar
3132:Mauritian rupee
3127:Malawian kwacha
3122:Malagasy ariary
3105:
3096:
3087:
3071:
3062:
3041:
3010:Somali shilling
3000:Kenyan shilling
2968:
2959:Congolese franc
2947:
2938:
2929:
2920:
2911:
2902:
2893:Burundian franc
2876:
2850:Moroccan dirham
2828:
2802:
2796:
2766:
2761:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2726:
2668:
2654:Public holidays
2639:Law enforcement
2538:
2477:
2444:
2399:
2303:
2258:
2197:
2159:Border conflict
2079:Zemene Mesafint
2017:Kingdom of Dʿmt
1998:
1989:
1959:
1954:
1908:
1862:
1821:
1811:
1801:
1761:
1754:
1748:
1743:
1728:
1726:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1687:
1680:
1674:
1660:5 lire = 1 birr
1655:
1641:
1635:
1630:
1618:
1612:
1596:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1505:
1492:
1488:
1475:
1471:
1460:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1426:
997:Coffee harvest
867:
851:
831:
818:
813:
786:
746:
736:
732:
731:
726:
722:
721:
716:
712:
711:
706:
702:
701:
696:
692:
691:
686:
682:
681:
676:
672:
671:
668:
655:
639:
615:
609:
589:
568:
564:
561:
559:
551:
522:
509:(often written
490:in Amharic and
382:
373:
362:
356:
353:
338:
322:
311:
296:Abyssinian birr
230:
200:
195:
181:
163:
161:
123:
119:
118:
116:
94:
93:
89:
72:
59:
43:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3491:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3445:
3444:
3432:
3420:
3408:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3370:
3361:
3352:
3343:
3334:
3325:
3316:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3290:Nigerian naira
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3270:Gambian dalasi
3267:
3266:
3265:
3252:
3244:Canary Islands
3234:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3216:Zambian kwacha
3213:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3197:
3188:
3174:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3147:Zimbabwean ZiG
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3103:
3094:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3069:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2995:Ethiopian birr
2992:
2990:Eritrean nakfa
2987:
2982:
2980:Comorian franc
2976:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2945:
2936:
2927:
2918:
2909:
2895:
2890:
2888:Angolan kwanza
2884:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2872:Tunisian dinar
2869:
2867:Sudanese pound
2864:
2856:Sahrawi peseta
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2821:
2819:Egyptian pound
2816:
2814:Algerian dinar
2810:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2795:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2772:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2752:
2751:
2744:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2565:Child marriage
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2358:Prime Minister
2355:
2354:
2353:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2268:
2266:
2264:Administrative
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2218:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2188:Historiography
2185:
2184:
2183:
2176:Civil conflict
2173:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1826:Primary sector
1823:
1822:
1819:Ethiopian birr
1816:
1813:
1812:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1777:
1769:
1768:
1751:Eritrean nakfa
1745:
1738:
1716:
1715:
1708:
1694:
1663:
1662:
1632:
1625:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1594:External links
1592:
1590:
1589:
1563:
1532:
1503:
1486:
1469:
1454:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1349:
1341:
1340:
1308:
1305:Yahoo! Finance
1300:
1299:
1267:
1264:Google Finance
1259:
1258:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1014:Basket weaver
1012:
1008:
1007:
998:
995:
991:
990:
984:
981:
977:
976:
973:
970:
966:
965:
957:
956:
953:
949:
948:
945:
941:
940:
937:
933:
932:
929:
925:
924:
921:
917:
916:
913:
909:
908:
905:
901:
900:
897:
893:
892:
889:
885:
884:
881:
877:
876:
875:Denominations
873:
866:
863:
856:Prime Minister
850:
847:
830:
827:
817:
814:
812:
809:
785:
782:
778:
777:
774:
771:
764:
761:
745:
742:
667:
664:
654:
651:
638:
635:
611:Main article:
608:
605:
588:
585:
550:
547:
542:Banca d'Italia
521:
518:
499:Haile Selassie
381:
378:
375:
374:
325:
323:
316:
310:
307:
300:Ethiopian birr
274:Haile Selassie
242:
241:
233:
227:
226:
223:
217:
216:
212:
211:
198:
196: Website
192:
191:
186:
178:
177:
173:
172:
159:
155:
154:
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
128:
113:
112:
110:
106:
105:
99:
98:
87:
81:
80:
76:
75:
70:
64:
63:
56:
52:
51:
45:
44:
39:
29:Ethiopian birr
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3490:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3443:
3433:
3431:
3421:
3419:
3409:
3407:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:Guinea-Bissau
3326:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3280:Guinean franc
3278:
3276:
3275:Ghanaian cedi
3273:
3271:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3162:mosi-oa-Tunya
3159:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3053:Botswana pula
3051:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2964:Rwandan franc
2962:
2960:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2781:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2580:Ethnic groups
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:Manufacturing
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:Ground Forces
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2059:Zagwe dynasty
2057:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:Manufacturing
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:Other sectors
1865:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1765:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1747:Succeeded by:
1742:
1735:
1732:
1725:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1710:Succeeded by:
1705:
1700:1945 –
1698:
1691:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1671:
1659:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1634:Succeeded by:
1629:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1578:on 2 May 2009
1577:
1573:
1567:
1551:
1547:
1546:Nachthund.biz
1543:
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1399:
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1390:
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1383:
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1371:
1368:
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1359:
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1347:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
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1302:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
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1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
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1235:
1232:
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1228:
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1221:
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1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1131:
1117:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
992:
988:
985:
982:
979:
978:
974:
971:
968:
967:
962:
954:
951:
950:
946:
943:
942:
939:50, 100 birr
938:
935:
934:
930:
927:
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598:
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584:
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556:
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538:Italian coins
534:
531:
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357:November 2011
350:
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331:
326:This section
324:
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231: Source
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156:
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107:
104:
103:Denominations
100:
88:
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82:
77:
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69:
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53:
50:
46:
37:
32:
26:
22:
3373:
3364:
3355:
3346:
3337:
3328:
3321:Burkina Faso
3319:
3310:
3255:
3242:
3200:
3191:
3182:
3169:
3152:
3117:Lesotho loti
3106:
3097:
3088:
3072:
3063:
3021:unrecognized
3020:
3014:
2994:
2948:
2939:
2930:
2921:
2912:
2903:
2861:unrecognized
2860:
2854:
2840:Libyan dinar
2829:
2617:Human rights
2570:Demographics
2560:Architecture
2529:Trade unions
2475:
2329:Constitution
2119:World War II
2047:regnal lists
1950:Trade unions
1913:Other topics
1818:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1740:
1730:
1719:
1712:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1673:Preceded by:
1657:
1643:
1638:Italian lira
1636:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1611:Preceded by:
1580:. Retrieved
1576:the original
1566:
1554:. Retrieved
1550:the original
1535:
1525:14 September
1523:. Retrieved
1518:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1463:
1457:
1443:
1385:From OANDA:
1074:Two couples
989:(Blue Nile)
852:
844:
840:
823:
819:
794:
787:
779:
767:
747:
669:
646:
642:
640:
616:
600:
592:
590:
578:
552:
535:
530:Italian lira
523:
515:
510:
506:
502:
496:
491:
487:
473:
466:
461:
455:
448:
444:
440:
434:
430:Indian rupee
419:
407:
397:
391:
363:
354:
339:Please help
327:
304:
299:
295:
289:
285:
281:
277:
268:
247:
245:
235:
183:Central bank
153:Demographics
25:
3430:Numismatics
3339:Ivory Coast
2504:Land reform
2494:Foreign aid
2466:Agriculture
2395:Foreign aid
2244:Earthquakes
2109:World War I
2012:Prehistoric
1945:Land reform
1925:Foreign aid
1833:Agriculture
1646:annexed by
829:Second birr
805:privy marks
797:Addis Ababa
754:bi-metallic
744:Second birr
553:During the
484:World War I
451:, from the
398:amole tchew
240:, 2008 est.
3452:Categories
2799:Currencies
2697:Literature
2600:Healthcare
2478:(currency)
2375:Parliament
2341:Government
2181:Tigray war
2144:Ogaden War
2124:Revolution
1817:Currency:
1556:19 January
1436:References
1125:Highest ↑
1107:Capricorn
983:Young boy
859:Abiy Ahmed
816:First birr
801:mint marks
666:First birr
627:World Bank
437:Menelik II
2801:of Africa
2634:Languages
2575:Education
2534:Transport
2484:Companies
2423:Air Force
2385:Elections
2346:President
2277:Governors
2239:Volcanoes
2224:Mountains
2203:Geography
2139:Civil War
1920:Companies
1904:Transport
1122:Lowest ↓
1101:200 birr
1090:100 birr
1037:100 birr
837:1961 birr
811:Banknotes
507:metonnyas
388:1932 birr
328:does not
282:Abyssinia
269:In 1931,
221:Inflation
215:Valuation
137:Banknotes
3406:Ethiopia
3261:Portugal
3184:Eswatini
3154:Zimbabwe
3074:Zimbabwe
3058:Sterling
2905:Cameroon
2757:Category
2712:Religion
2649:Polygamy
2605:Maternal
2514:Taxation
2405:Military
2317:Politics
1996:articles
1992:Ethiopia
1889:Taxation
1853:Forestry
1722:Ethiopia
1424:See also
1242:12.9891
1236:11.0763
1222:10.7701
1128:Average
1085:Factory
1082:Tractor
1079:50 birr
1068:10 birr
1063:Reverse
1040:Plowing
1025:Plowing
1022:50 birr
1017:Tractor
1011:10 birr
975:Reverse
536:Regular
497:Emperor
469:fineness
460:) or 40
278:Ethiopia
260:Ethiopia
176:Issuance
170:Ethiopia
49:ISO 4217
3392:Portals
3366:Senegal
3257:Madeira
3202:Namibia
3193:Lesotho
3108:Réunion
3099:Mayotte
2881:Central
2741:Outline
2687:Cuisine
2674:Culture
2610:Women's
2585:Famines
2548:Society
2524:Tourism
2454:Economy
2370:Council
2334:history
2289:Woredas
2272:Regions
2216:Geology
2092:1887–89
2037:Emperor
2004:History
1899:Tourism
1874:Banking
1848:Fishing
1757:Reason:
1734:Eritrea
1713:Current
1683:Reason:
1644:Reason:
1239:15 Mar
1233:14 Jul
1225:9.9167
1216:9.6715
1213:17 Apr
1205:9.3921
1202:9.6085
1199:19 Oct
1196:9.0670
1193:12 Feb
1185:8.7510
1182:9.1739
1176:8.3940
1173:12 Jun
1165:8.3100
1162:8.4240
1159:30 Oct
1156:8.0117
1153:25 Apr
1104:Pigeon
1060:Obverse
994:5 birr
980:1 birr
972:Obverse
872:Series
865:Summary
735:⁄
725:⁄
715:⁄
705:⁄
695:⁄
685:⁄
675:⁄
601:centime
597:santims
567:⁄
511:matonas
453:Ottoman
445:guerche
416:Amharic
349:removed
334:sources
309:History
271:Emperor
264:santims
252:Amharic
158:User(s)
122:⁄
117:
109:Subunit
68:Subunit
3442:Africa
2717:Sports
2644:People
2595:Health
2489:Energy
2299:Kebele
2294:Cities
2229:Rivers
2102:Second
1994:
1879:Energy
1858:Mining
1843:Cotton
1838:Coffee
1766:at par
1764:Ratio:
1690:Ratio:
1658:Ratio:
1623:at par
1621:Ratio:
1346:XE.com
1219:1 Dec
1179:7 Sep
1030:Gondar
768:semuni
528:, the
492:thaler
443:(also
441:ghersh
420:talari
167:
131:santim
85:Symbol
3418:Money
3357:Niger
3312:Benin
3248:Spain
3046:South
2950:Gabon
2807:North
2748:Index
2707:Music
2702:Media
2664:Women
2476:Birr
2471:Banks
2284:Zones
2254:Fauna
2249:Flora
2234:Lakes
2097:First
1731:Note:
1704:Note:
1650:into
1648:Italy
1582:2 May
1482:JSTOR
1344:From
1303:From
1262:From
1230:2009
1210:2008
1190:2007
1170:2006
1150:2005
1145:Rate
1142:Rate
1139:Date
1136:Rate
1133:Date
1119:Year
1057:Value
969:Value
952:2020
944:2006
936:2004
928:2003
920:1997
912:1991
904:1976
896:1966
888:1961
880:1945
653:Coins
462:bessa
457:qirsh
449:gersh
418:) or
412:Geʽez
145:Coins
3375:Togo
3348:Mali
3237:Euro
3225:West
3083:Euro
2973:East
2923:Chad
2824:Euro
2691:wine
2622:LGBT
2590:Flag
2438:Navy
2363:list
2351:list
2134:Derg
2042:list
1584:2009
1558:2007
1527:2020
1005:lynx
1003:and
1001:Kudu
680:and
625:and
488:birr
474:The
414:and
408:birr
332:any
330:cite
248:birr
246:The
206:.gov
204:.nbe
79:Unit
73:0.01
55:Code
2682:Art
1413:USD
1410:JPY
1407:HKD
1404:GBP
1401:EUR
1398:CNY
1395:CHF
1392:CAD
1389:AUD
1376:USD
1373:JPY
1370:HKD
1367:GBP
1364:EUR
1361:CNY
1358:CHF
1355:CAD
1352:AUD
1335:USD
1332:JPY
1329:HKD
1326:GBP
1323:EUR
1320:CNY
1317:CHF
1314:CAD
1311:AUD
1294:USD
1291:JPY
1288:HKD
1285:GBP
1282:EUR
1279:CNY
1276:CHF
1273:CAD
1270:AUD
677:100
623:IMF
447:or
425:ታላሪ
403:አሞሌ
343:by
208:.et
202:www
124:100
60:230
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3259:,
3246:,
1544:.
1519:AA
1517:.
1506:^
1348::
1307::
1266::
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700:,
687:32
647:bə
643:bə
560:10
266:.
256:ብር
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95:ብር
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1529:.
1451:.
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