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were added on the piers, although not all piers feature them on both sides. The clear spans of the three central arches have been determined at 23.52 m for the central arch and 14.95 m for the two flanking arches, while the two piers supporting the central arch were measured at 9.60 m.
324:
in case the river overflowed. At its normal level, the river flowed between the three central arches, constrained by double-wedge-shaped reinforcements of masonry, placed at the two outer pillars and intended to prevent their undermining by the river. These masonry structures were – according to the
422:
The Seljuq bridge is also considerably reduced in dimensions, something that allowed the full use of the Roman remains. Thus, for instance, the reduction of the width to almost half the original made the integration of halfway surviving ancient piers possible. The medieval arches were also 4.1 m
418:
structure, which had collapsed, probably also because of an earthquake. The Seljuq builders followed closely the course of the Roman remains, even in sections where the piers had been partly moved downstream from their original position; as a result, the Seljuq bridge features a quite sharp
426:
The bridge is mainly constructed of stone blocks, while parts of the antique structure have been reused, including the duct stones, which were built into the new ramp. Restoration works in the late 1990s in the bridge's crumbling breastwork also revealed stone inscriptions in
341:. The great height of the ancient structure is further verified by the discovery of 1.5 m long iron threaded rods, which, bound together with hooks and loops, were used to reinforce the masonry in the bridge's foundations. The main body of the bridge was built using
373:, parts of which were re-used in the bridge. In the outer shell of the bridge alone, 250 pipe-shaped stones from the aqueduct's main pressure conduit were re-used. Since the aqueduct has been known to have functioned until into the 4th century AD, that provides a
419:
displacement. This zigzag course, formed by two successive, 90 degree bends, in combination with the pointed arches give the Seljuq-era bridge an appearance that is quite distinct from that of its Roman precursor.
379:
for the construction of the
Eurymedon bridge, although it is still possible that an earlier bridge already existed on this location. This bridge could possibly have been destroyed in the large
423:
lower than the Roman ones, and the length of the bridge was shortened, so that the new bridge ramp began at the place where the Roman structure had already reached its final height level.
313:. It crossed the river at a basic 90-degree angle, although it bent slightly on one end. The two access ramps provide information about the overall height of the structure, and the
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1107:
2043:
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The original shape and construction of the Roman-era bridge have been reconstructed digitally, based on the extant remains of the ancient structure: the ramps, the
1965:
1630:
1975:
303:, and foundations of the piers. Several pieces of the original bridge are scattered along the river bed on both banks, and were not used during reconstruction.
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The gaps in the right end of the structure reveal the hollow chamber construction method of the bridge deck, typical of several Roman bridges in
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archaeological record – markedly higher on the upstream side (8.15 m) than on the downstream (4.76 m). In addition, wedge-shaped
317:
on each end is similar (12.3% and 12.2%), The midpoint of the bridge was approximately 4.1 m higher than the later Seljuk structure.
1310:
271:, which stands to this day. This bridge is characterized by a significant displacement along its mid-line, noticeable by looking at its
48:
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This middle section stood on six arches, while both sides had smaller arches (one on the right and two on the left) which served as
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702:
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of May 363, which also ruined the aqueduct, thus explaining the use of the latter's duct stones in the rebuilding of the bridge.
1568:
648:
Grewe, Klaus (1999), "Im
Zickzack-Kurs über den Fluß. Die römisch/seldschukische Eurymedon-Brücke von Aspendos (Türkei)",
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The exact date of the bridge's construction is uncertain. The date of construction is closely connected with the
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Originally, the bridge had a length of 259.50 m and a width of 9.44 m, and had nine
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The
Aspendos Aqueduct and the Roman-Seljuk Bridge Across the Eurymedon
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414:(1219–1237) built a new bridge over the remains of the
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to build a replacement bridge in the 13th century, the
652:(in German), vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 1–12
623:Grewe 1999, Images 1, 2, 5, 7, 15, 16, 17, 18, 25
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35:The Seljuq-era bridge, seen from the southwest
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2253:Buildings and structures in Antalya Province
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295:The characteristic mid-course displacement
253:. The foundations and other stone blocks (
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806:Roman Bridge (Vaison-la-Romaine)
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407:In the early 13th century, the
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1047:Constantine's Bridge (Danube)
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395:Close-up of the zigzag course
16:Bridge in Pamphylia, Anatolia
1840:Bent (Eğri) (reconstruction)
1604:Ilkhanid Mongols (1256–1335)
1190:Constantine's Bridge (Mysia)
801:Roman Bridge (Saint-Thibéry)
357:The pressure conduit of the
286:
7:
1789:Gazi Mihal (reconstruction)
1584:Köprüpazar (reconstruction)
1475:Byzantine Empire (330–1453)
1195:Eurymedon Bridge (Aspendos)
1021:Ponte Nova da Cava da Velha
669:Eurymedon Bridge (Aspendos)
438:
263:structure were used by the
23:Eurymedon Bridge (Aspendos)
10:
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1360:Xerxes' Hellespont Pontoon
1278:Full list of Roman bridges
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2223:Seljuk bridges in Turkey
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1200:Eurymedon Bridge (Selge)
450:Eurymedon Bridge (Selge)
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2233:Stone bridges in Turkey
2218:Roman bridges in Turkey
1901:Stone Bridge (Beyşehir)
1874:Late Empire (1828–1922)
1113:Roman bridge of Córdoba
1073:Albarregas Roman bridge
914:Ponte d'Augusto (Narni)
64:36.914232°N 31.162999°E
2258:Arch bridges in Turkey
2200:are under construction
1828:Stagnation (1566–1827)
1799:Kanuni Sultan Suleiman
1449:Stone Bridge (Silifke)
1260:Valens Aqueduct Bridge
904:Pont de Pierre (Aosta)
822:Caesar's Rhine bridges
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1777:Expansion (1453–1566)
1370:Roman (133 BC–AD 330)
1108:Roman bridge of Ávila
1103:Puente Romano, Mérida
1093:Les Ferreres Aqueduct
1026:Roman Bridge (Chaves)
959:Ponte di Quintodecimo
949:Ponte Pietra (Verona)
671:at Wikimedia Commons
445:List of Roman bridges
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1538:Marwanids (983–1085)
1444:Stone Bridge (Adana)
1378:Aspendos (Eurymedon)
1265:White Bridge (Mysia)
1255:Stone Bridge (Adana)
1118:Roman bridge of Lugo
939:Ponte Molino (Padua)
827:Roman Bridge (Trier)
69:36.914232; 31.162999
2173:Balanced cantilever
2122:Fatih Sultan Mehmet
1855:Stone Bridge (Kars)
1738:Ottoman (1299–1922)
1467:Medieval (330–1453)
1398:Mausoleum of Danyal
1098:Puente de Alcántara
1083:Aqueduct of Segovia
929:Ponte del Gran Caso
403:Re-used duct stones
60: /
2132:Yavuz Sultan Selim
1933:Atatürk (Unkapanı)
1185:Bridge at Oinoanda
771:Pont des Marchands
405:
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376:terminus post quem
363:
297:
269:Köprüpazar Köprüsü
116:Köprüpazar Köprüsü
2228:Deck arch bridges
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1434:Selge (Eurymedon)
1320:Bridges in Turkey
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1285:
1205:Karamagara Bridge
979:Ponte Sant'Angelo
974:Ponte di San Vito
969:Ponte San Lorenzo
909:Pont-Saint-Martin
667:Media related to
231:late Roman bridge
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1149:Bridge at Nimreh
1144:Ain Diwar Bridge
1088:Alcántara Bridge
1078:Alconétar Bridge
1016:Ponte de Rubiães
954:Ponte di Pioraco
919:Ponte di Tiberio
796:Pont sur la Laye
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1995:
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1388:Kızılin (Göksu)
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1240:Pergamon Bridge
1235:Penkalas Bridge
1225:Macestus Bridge
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1154:Gemarrin Bridge
1132:
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1052:Trajan's Bridge
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984:Susegana Bridge
944:Ponte Nomentano
884:Pons Neronianus
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209:(Seljuq bridge)
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121:Characteristics
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2117:1915 Çanakkale
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1250:Severan Bridge
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1175:Aesepus Bridge
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1159:Kharaba Bridge
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1000:Leontes Bridge
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894:Pons Sublicius
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879:Pons Fabricius
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869:Ponte Altinate
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658:External links
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339:Aesepus Bridge
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2089:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2064:Menemen Gediz
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1907:
1906:Varda Viaduct
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:Fırtına River
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:Fırtına River
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
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1800:
1797:
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1787:
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1779:
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1769:
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1764:
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1756:
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1750:
1748:
1744:
1741:
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1716:
1712:
1705:
1702:
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1663:
1657:
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1637:
1634:
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1562:
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1547:
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1499:
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1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:Constantine's
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1339:
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1336:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1295:
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1279:
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1256:
1253:
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1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1215:Limyra Bridge
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1180:Arapsu Bridge
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
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1079:
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1059:
1053:
1050:
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1038:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1001:
998:
997:
995:
991:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
964:Ponte Salario
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
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922:
920:
917:
915:
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905:
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897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
864:Pons Agrippae
862:
860:
859:Pons Aemilius
857:
856:
854:
850:
844:
843:Band-e Kaisar
841:
840:
838:
834:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
817:
813:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
756:
752:
747:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
721:
717:
713:
712:Roman bridges
706:
701:
699:
694:
692:
687:
686:
683:
677:
674:
673:
672:
670:
665:
651:
646:
645:
634:
629:
620:
613:
608:
601:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
580:
575:
568:
563:
556:
551:
544:
539:
532:
527:
520:
515:
513:
505:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
488:
480:
475:
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
460:
451:
448:
446:
443:
442:
436:
434:
430:
424:
420:
417:
413:
410:
409:Seljuq Sultan
401:
393:
387:Seljuq bridge
384:
382:
378:
377:
372:
368:
360:
355:
346:
344:
340:
336:
331:
328:
323:
318:
316:
312:
309:
304:
302:
293:
279:
277:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
218:
213:
207:13th century
201:
197:
192:
185:
178:
171:
167:
160:
156:
149:
145:
142:
138:
134:
131:
128:
124:
119:
115:
113:Official name
111:
108:
104:
100:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
78:
73:
45:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
2196:
2195:
2159:New Kömürhan
2142:Cable-stayed
2025:
2007:
2006:Solid-arch:
1809:Küçükçekmece
1583:
1377:
1220:Misis Bridge
1210:Kemer Bridge
1194:
934:Ponte Milvio
874:Pons Cestius
781:Pont Flavien
776:Pont du Gard
761:Pont Ambroix
661:
649:
628:
619:
607:
602:, p. 11
581:, p. 12
574:
562:
550:
538:
526:
506:, p. 10
425:
421:
416:late antique
406:
374:
364:
332:
319:
308:semicircular
305:
298:
282:Roman bridge
268:
254:
249:in southern
238:
226:
224:
202:4th century
169:Longest span
147:Total length
87:
2194:Bridges in
2042:Tied-arch:
2014:Deck-arch:
1819:Yeni Imaret
1717:(1337–1517)
1715:Dulkadirids
1697:(1335–1381)
1668:(1250–1487)
1624:(1101–1409)
1574:Bent (Eğri)
1439:Şekerpınarı
1230:Nysa Bridge
924:Ponte Corvo
786:Pont Julien
736:Pons Aelius
650:Antike Welt
614:, p. 1
569:, p. 2
557:, p. 8
545:, p. 3
533:, p. 9
481:, p. 7
337:, e.g. the
327:breakwaters
130:Arch bridge
67: /
42:Coordinates
2212:Categories
2127:Osman Gazi
2105:Suspension
2091:Battalgazi
2066:(Buruncuk)
1881:Demirköprü
1666:Karamanids
1636:Devegeçidi
1631:Ambar Çayı
1589:Kesikköprü
1503:Karamagara
1498:Gazi Mihal
1428:Seydikemer
1349:Cilandiras
1347:Phrygian:
899:Pont d'Aël
889:Pons Probi
791:Pont Serme
633:Grewe 1999
612:Grewe 1999
600:Grewe 1999
579:Grewe 1999
567:Grewe 1999
555:Grewe 1999
543:Grewe 1999
531:Grewe 1999
519:Grewe 1999
504:Grewe 1999
479:Grewe 1999
456:References
412:Kayqubad I
381:earthquake
335:Asia Minor
55:31°09′47″E
52:36°54′51″N
2248:Pamphylia
2112:Bosphorus
2059:Karabekir
2049:Çetinkaya
1976:Regülatör
1865:Yalnızgöz
1814:Nasrullah
1804:Koyunbaba
1768:Uzunköprü
1763:Saraçhane
1646:Hasankeyf
1612:Çobandede
1353:Persian:
1334:pre-Roman
322:spillways
301:abutments
287:Structure
259:) of the
247:Pamphylia
235:Eurymedon
150:259.50 m
103:Pamphylia
84:Eurymedon
2180:Beğendik
2134:(hybrid)
2096:Karkamış
2044:Akçaağıl
1971:Kömürhan
1962:Karababa
1706:(Amasya)
1704:İstasyon
1695:Eretnids
1651:Malabadi
1622:Artuqids
1579:Çeşnigir
1513:Macestus
1454:Taşgeçit
1418:Pergamon
1413:Penkalas
1408:Oinoanda
1340:Lydian:
1009:Portugal
439:See also
371:Aspendos
367:Aqueduct
361:aqueduct
359:Aspendos
343:concrete
315:gradient
251:Anatolia
243:Aspendos
241:), near
239:Köprüçay
237:(modern
215:Location
183:of spans
172:23.52 m
136:Material
107:Anatolia
99:Aspendos
88:Köprüçay
2197:italics
2016:Birecik
1981:Sakarya
1966:Kennedy
1948:Elmadağ
1943:Çatalan
1784:Bayezid
1758:Irgandı
1680:Bıçakçı
1569:Altıgöz
1564:Akköprü
1483:Aesepus
1430:(Kemer)
1423:Severan
1344:(Kemer)
1342:Caravan
1040:Romania
993:Lebanon
815:Germany
719:England
642:Sources
273:ancient
265:Seljuqs
194:History
161:9.44 m
139:Stone,
80:Crosses
1986:Seyhan
1886:Galata
1794:Kanuni
1724:Şahruh
1685:Kravga
1594:Tekgöz
1508:Kemere
1488:Arapsu
1393:Limyra
1168:Turkey
754:France
433:Arabic
311:arches
256:spolia
229:was a
199:Opened
126:Design
95:Locale
2084:Truss
2075:Zilek
2021:Cizre
2009:Gönül
1991:Tohma
1958:Haliç
1896:Meriç
1860:Tunca
1845:Çifte
1835:Abdal
1753:Fatih
1546:Dicle
1528:White
1518:Misis
1137:Syria
1061:Spain
852:Italy
429:Greek
349:Dates
276:piers
261:Roman
245:, in
158:Width
2149:Ağın
2038:Umut
2000:Arch
1656:Palu
1403:Nysa
836:Iran
431:and
225:The
2070:Nif
2054:Fil
1675:Ala
1493:Baç
369:of
181:No.
2214::
586:^
511:^
486:^
463:^
435:.
278:.
186:9
105:,
101:,
1312:e
1305:t
1298:v
704:e
697:t
690:v
90:)
86:(
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