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84:, instead. This rule is also expressed in many national and subnational arbitration laws such as section 22 of the Commercial Arbitration Act 1984 (NSW). It is also embodied under Section 28(2) of the Indian arbitration law - Arbitration & Conciliation Act, 1996 ("The arbitral tribunal shall decide
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only if the parties agree. In 1984, the ICJ decided a case using "equitable criteria" in creating a boundary in the Gulf of Maine for Canada and the US. This was not, however, in relation to Art. 38(2) which has never been invoked by the parties in a dispute before the ICJ. It was an example of
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is an authorisation to decide without deference to the rules of law, an authorisation to decide on a basis of equity does not dispense the judge from giving a decision based upon law, even though the law be modified".
40:, it refers to the power of arbitrators to dispense with application of the law, if appropriate, and decide solely on what they consider to be fair and equitable in the case at hand. However, a decision
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On the other hand, the constituent treaty of the
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The Role of Ex Aequo et Bono in
International Border Settlement: A Critique of the Sudanese Abyei Arbitration
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Christoph
Schreuer, 'Decisions Ex Aequo et Bono under the ICSID Convention', 11 ICSID Review (1996)
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powers generally consider the law too. "Whereas an authorisation to decide a question
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133:) is used to mean "equally placed", often in the context of competition winners.
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for "according to the right and good" or "from equity and conscience") is a
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372:, Social Science Research Network, 2010; 20 Am. Rev. Int'l Arb. 519 (2009).
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referring to 'equity' as a general principle of law under Art. 38 (1) (c).
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278:. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. Archived from
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deciding disputes between states and foreign investors, such as in
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O'Connell, International Law (2nd ed., 1970), Vol. 1, p. 14.
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only if the parties have expressly authorised it to do so")
385:, Oxford University Press (2021), chapter 7 ('Jurisdiction
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is distinguished from a decision on the basis of equity (
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United
Nations Commission on International Trade Law
261:. International Court of Justice. October 12, 1984.
304:"Article 33 – Applicable law, amiable compositeur"
395:Ex Aequo et Bono: Demystifying an Ancient Concept
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308:UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules (1976) United Nations
233:. International Court of Justice. Archived from
111:Benvenuti & Bonfant v Republic of the Congo
64:(ICJ) provides that the court may decide cases
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194:. Oxford University Press. pp. 139–160.
192:"The Function of Equity in International Law"
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383:The Function of Equity in International Law
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