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1640:. In part, this evasion was simply an unavoidable consequence of the fact that Luther did not fully articulate his mature theological position until some time after this bull had been issued. Even so, Eck did not afford the committee sufficient time to better grasp the core issues at stake in Luther's teachings. As a result, some of the censured propositions are ambiguous, peripheral to Luther's main concerns, or were misunderstood or misrepresented by the committee. At least twelve of the forty-one propositions fail to accurately quote Luther or misrepresent his beliefs. The bull itself contains an internal contradiction: at one point it orders all of Luther's works to be burned, but elsewhere restricts this censorship only to those works which contain one of the forty-one censored propositions.
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1185:, were represented. Central to the committee's proceedings was the matter of whether (and in what manner) Luther and his teachings should be formally condemned. Some members argued that Luther's popular support in Germany made it too politically risky to issue a bull at that time. The theologians supported an immediate condemnation of Luther. But the canon lawyers advocated a mediating position: Luther should be given a hearing and a chance to defend himself before being excommunicated as a heretic. Ultimately the committee negotiated a compromise. Luther would be given no hearing, but he would be offered a sixty-day window in which to repent before further action would be taken.
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every one of the faithful of either sex, in virtue of holy obedience and under the above penalties to be incurred automatically, to read, assert, preach, praise, print, publish, or defend them. ... Indeed immediately after the publication of this letter these works, wherever they may be, shall be sought out carefully by the ordinaries and others , and under each and every one of the above penalties shall be burned publicly and solemnly in the presence of the clerics and people.
1189:
decision through the committee to ensure a speedy publication. As a result, the text it ultimately drafted simply contained a list of various statements by Luther perceived as problematic. No attempt was made to provide specific responses to Luther's propositions based upon
Scripture or Catholic tradition or any clarification of what degree of theological censure should be associated with each proposition listed. All quoted statements were to be condemned as a whole (
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of the
Reformer are not stated, or distorted." Catholic author John M. Todd calls the bull "contradictory, lacking in charity, and incidentally far less effective than it might have been". Not only does the text fail to identify precisely how each proposition is censured, but also it avoids direct engagement with numerous issues that are central to Luther's theology including
1154:. In a letter to a friend, Eck said he became involved because "no one else was sufficiently familiar with Luther's errors." Soon after having joined the committee when it was already halfway through its deliberations, he began to exert his considerable influence on the direction it subsequently took.
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e likewise condemn, reprobate, and reject completely the books and all the writings and sermons of the said Martin, whether in Latin or any other language, containing the said errors or any one of them; and we wish them to be regarded as utterly condemned, reprobated, and rejected. We forbid each and
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When the committee members had obtained agreement among themselves regarding the selection of forty-one propositions which they deemed to be problematic, they subsequently submitted their draft text to Leo X. He appended a preface and conclusion and issued the document as an official papal bull on 15
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Prior to Eck's involvement, Cajetan had expressed his desire that the committee members examine the whole context of Luther's writings and specify careful distinctions among the various degrees of censure to be applied to Luther's teachings. Eck's approach was markedly different. He bulldozed a final
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It is itself a matter of controversy whether the 16th century
Magisterium would have permitted the Catholic faithful to embrace some censured propositions as being generally true and worthy of censure only when they are advanced in certain contexts with the intention of generating scandal or causing
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widely agree that this bull itself is a "strange document and an evasive assessment of Luther's theological concerns". Schaff notes that the condemned propositions are "torn from the connection , and presented in the most objectionable form as mere negations of
Catholic doctrines. The positive views
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and the "whole church of the saints" to defend
Catholicism against Luther, the bull proceeds to list the forty-one propositions previously selected by the committee. The condemned propositions do not cover all disputed points of doctrine advocated by Luther. Many of Luther's important works setting
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as either heretical, erroneous, blasphemous, presumptuous, seditious or offensive to pious ears. Eck replied to Luther with the retort, "Whichever they were, none of them was called most
Christian and evangelical, and if you defend them, then you are heretical, erroneous, blasphemous presumptuous,
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Luther, along with his "supporters, adherents and accomplices", were given sixty days from the publication of this bull in which to desist "from preaching, both expounding their views and denouncing others, from publishing books and pamphlets concerning some or all of their errors". Luther himself
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that are merely "scandalous", "offensive to pious ears" or "seductive of simple minds" strongly depend upon a particular context of certain historical or cultural circumstances. A proposition that causes scandal or offense when it is advanced within a particular context "may not necessarily be so
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censure of his statements: "My articles are called 'respectively some heretical, some erroneous, some scandalous', which is as much to say, 'We don't know which are which.' O meticulous ignorance! I want to be instructed, not respectively, but absolutely and certainly. Let them show where I am a
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For these reasons, its dissemination took several months to complete. Luther himself received an official copy bearing the papal seal in early
October of that year. However, rumors of its existence reached Luther well in advance of the official copy. At first he doubted their veracity and thought
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states that "the human person has a right to religious freedom", and that "his freedom means that all men are to be immune from coercion on the part of individuals or of social groups and of any human power, in such wise that no one is to be forced to act in a manner contrary to his own beliefs,
1131:
officials believed that a more thorough consideration was warranted. The committee was reorganized and subsequently produced a report determining that only a few of Luther's teachings could potentially be deemed heretical or erroneous from the standpoint of
Catholic theology. His other teachings
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Luther defiantly proclaimed in his response that "whoever wrote this bull, he is
Antichrist. I protest before God, our Lord Jesus, his sacred angels and the whole world that with my whole heart I dissent from the damnation of this bull, that I curse and execrate it as sacrilege and blasphemy of
1359:
With the advice and consent of these our venerable brothers, with mature deliberation on each and every one of the above theses, and by the authority of almighty God, the blessed
Apostles Peter and Paul, and our own authority, we condemn, reprobate, and reject completely each of these theses or
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With the publication of the bull, sporadic public burnings of Luther's works began to take place in Germany in accordance with Leo X's instructions. However, in some places this directive proved impossible or difficult to carry out because of Luther's popular support. On certain occasions, his
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our predecessors that all appealing in this way are to be punished with the penalties of heretics. In vain does he implore the help of a council, since he openly admits that he does not believe in a council." Other condemnations represent new papal interventions on matters that had been freely
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may also apply censures of lesser gravity to other propositions that are inherently neither heretical nor erroneous. For example, a proposition may be deemed as "scandalous" or "offensive to pious ears" if it is worded in a manner that could lead to a scandalous interpretation or its "verbal
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Since they have burned my books, I burn theirs. The canon law was included because it makes the pope a god on earth. So far I have merely fooled with this business of the pope. All my articles condemned by Antichrist are Christian. Seldom has the pope overcome anyone with Scripture and with
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Eck found his task to be particularly onerous. He had received secret instructions permitting him to include more names under the bull's threat of excommunication at his discretion. This power he chose to exercise by supplementing the bull with the names of several prominent German
1303:'s efforts to speed the committee along, it did not have sufficient opportunity to thoroughly examine the material Luther had already published. Therefore, the list of condemned propositions draws in large part upon the material with which Eck was personally familiar, including the
1461:, who declared: "The inclemency of the bull ill comports with the moderation of Leo" and also that "Papal bulls are weighty, but scholars attach much more weight to books with good arguments drawn from the testimony of divine Scripture, which does not coerce but instructs."
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is said to constitute an authoritative papal definition on doctrinal matters concerning faith and morals which must be held by the whole Catholic Church. He then notes that the practice of burning heretics poses a "serious ethical problem" and thus Cleenewerck finds in
1257:
to arise against the "foxes have arisen seeking to destroy the vineyard" and the destructive "wild boar from the forest". Both refer to passages of the Bible: "Catch the foxes for us, The little foxes that are ruining the vineyards, While our vineyards are in blossom"
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The censure of certain theological propositions in this bull continues to be a source of controversy. For example, proposition number 33 censured by this bull states: "It is contrary to the will of the Spirit that heretics be burned." However, the declaration
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Others disagree with those assessments and advance the alternative view that a censure that may be heretical but may also be merely "scandalous", "offensive to pious ears" or "seductive of simple minds" cannot be accepted as an infallible utterance of the
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were burned. Luther himself tossed a copy of the bull into the flames. Having done so, Luther is reported to have said: "Because you have confounded the truth of God, today the Lord confounds you. Into the fire with you!", a declaration which alludes to
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noxious under different circumstances". Even if a proposition is essentially true but poorly worded or advanced in a particular context with the intent of provoking scandal or offense, it may be censured as "scandalous" or "offensive to pious ears".
1197:) as either heretical, scandalous, false, offensive to pious ears, or seductive of simple minds. Eck may have employed this tactic in order to associate more strongly the taint of error with all of Luther's censured teachings. However, this
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is explicitly censured (proposition #28) and is singled out for further condemnation in the bull's conclusion: " broke forth in a rash appeal to a future council. This to be sure was contrary to the constitution of Pius II and
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argues that a censure of an unspecified nature is potentially subject to future clarification or reform, unlike an ex cathedra definition, which is, by nature, irreformable. A second argument advanced here asserts that
1364:. By listing them, we decree and declare that all the faithful of both sexes must regard them as condemned, reprobated, and rejected ... We restrain all in the virtue of holy obedience and under the penalty of an
1503:
were 'the pious defrauding of the faithful'. I recant and say, 'Indulgences are the most pious frauds and imposters of the most rascally pontiffs, by which they deceive the souls and destroy the goods of the
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and thereby aroused their opposition besides that of Luther's supporters. In the Netherlands, Aleandro also experienced his share of confrontations with Luther's sympathizers. Among those he encountered was
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1266:), and "A boar from the forest eats it away And whatever moves in the field feeds on it. O God of hosts, turn again now, we beseech You; Look down from heaven and see, and take care of this vine" (
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that same month. Although this work was not penned as a direct response to the bull, it nevertheless reaffirmed Luther's commitment to certain themes censured therein, including the primacy of
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support for his conclusion that "the idea that Papal Infallibility can be presented as independent of any conciliar consent and as 'the constant belief of the universal Church' is rejected."
1340:
disputed among Catholic scholars and theologians before that time. For example, Luther's opposition to the burning of heretics (proposition #33) and his anti-war stance with respect to the
1767:." An erroneous proposition "contradicts only a certain theological conclusion or truth clearly deduced from two premises, one an article of faith, the other naturally certain." The
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hesitated as much as six months before publishing the bull's contents. At times, the opposition faced by Eck and Aleandro was so fierce that their very lives were endangered. At
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1119:
The historical impetus for this bull arose from an effort to provide a decisive papal response to the growing popularity of Luther's teachings. Beginning in January 1520, a
1678:. The declaration of Leo X that members of the Catholic faithful must "condemn, reprobate, and reject completely each of these theses or errors" on pain of an automatic (
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who were tasked with disseminating the bull, especially in those regions where Luther's followers were most active, and ensuring that its instructions were carried out.
1327:. The selection of censures themselves in large part combines and amplifies those statements already selected as problematic by the universities of Cologne and Leuven.
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followers managed to substitute his condemned books with wastepaper or anti-Luther tracts, or rescue some of his works from the flames before they were consumed.
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The breach between Luther and the papacy was finalized on 3 January 1521, when on account of Luther's failure to comply, the Pope issued the bull
1388:, which we should receive within another sixty days. Or he should personally, with safe conduct, inform us of his recantation by coming to Rome."
1609:, and condemns in him the whole cause of the Protestant Reformation. Therein lies its historical significance. It was the last bull addressed to
1499:. Luther's commentary on proposition number 18 provides a representative example of its general tone: "I was wrong, I admit it, when I said that
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1469:, whatever its true origin may be, and started to compose a response even before he had received an official copy. His response was entitled
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that the document to which they referred may be a forgery, possibly by Eck himself. Nonetheless he commented that it was the work of the
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heretic, or dry up their spittle." Much of the remainder of the tract is devoted to a discussion of the censured propositions.
1317:(a detailed exposition of the 95 Theses). More than half of the forty-one censured propositions come from the 95 Theses or the
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Christ, God's Son and our Lord. This be my recantation, O bull, thou daughter of bulls." He subsequently took issue with the
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1274:'s engagement in the hunting of wild boars while residing at a hunting lodge in the Italian hills during the spring of 1520.
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Additionally, the bull contains a directive forbidding any use of Luther's works and decreeing that they should be burned:
1757:, "A proposition is branded heretical when it goes directly and immediately against a revealed or defined dogma, or dogma
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They found this task more difficult than had initially been anticipated on account of the widespread public support for
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whether privately or publicly, whether alone or in association with others, within due limits", seem to have softened.
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author Laurent Cleenewerck asserts that Leo X's condemnations technically satisfy the requirements of an infallible (
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against Luther issued by the universities at Cologne and Leuven which Eck had brought with him to Rome, and Luther's
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Leo X then proceeded to issue an authoritative condemnation of these forty-one propositions in the following words:
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1111:, and by publicly burning a copy of the bull on 10 December 1520. As a result, Luther was excommunicated in 1521.
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teachings. After a short time, it produced a hasty list of several perceived errors found in his writings, but
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His Broken Body: Understanding and Healing the Schism between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches
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heretical, scandalous, false, offensive to pious ears or seductive of simple minds, and against Catholic truth
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4171:
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subsequently became involved in these proceedings. He had personally confronted Luther a year earlier in the
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1239:("Bull against the errors of Martin Luther and followers"), but it is more commonly known by its Latin
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2014:
Resolutiones disputationum de Indulgentiarum virtute F. Martini Luther Augustiniani Vittenbergensis
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4116:
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2643:"The German reformation from the publication Luther's theses to the Diet of Worms A.D. 1517–1521"
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invited the local university faculty and students to assemble that morning at the Elster Gate in
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Catholicism has traditionally recognized several degrees of theological censure. According to
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2658: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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1432:, students who sympathized with Luther tossed copies of the bull into the local river and at
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1253:). These words also serve to open a prefatory prayer within the text of the bull calling on
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8:
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was instructed to "inform us of such recantation through an open document, sealed by two
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June 1520. Copies were printed, notarized, sealed and distributed to specially appointed
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Some of the condemnations confirmed prior judgments by the papacy. Luther's support for
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On 10 December 1520, sixty days after Luther had received a copy of this bull, he and
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and had obtained copies of condemnations issued against Luther by the universities of
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forty-one propositions abstracted from Luther's writings, and threatened him with
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expression is such as rightly to shock the Catholic sense and delicacy of faith."
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as an undivided whole, and the first which was disobeyed by a large part of it."
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1299:, had not yet been published when this bull was issued. Moreover, on account of
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2512:(Mentor-Omega ed.). Toronto: The New American Library of Canada Limited.
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On 29 November 1520, Luther published a second response to the bull entitled
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offense. In a debate with Eck, Luther himself attempted to defend some of
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The committee on which Eck sat consisted of some forty members, including
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within a sixty-day period commencing upon the publication of the bull in
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notes: "The bull of excommunication is the papal counter-manifesto to
16:
1520 papal bull by Pope Leo X in response to Martin Luther's 95 Theses
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1304:
1270::13–14 NASB). In these poetic metaphors may also be found an echo of
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2522:"Torture and corporal punishment as a problem in Catholic theology"
2472:. Vol. 1. Translated by James Schaaf. Philadelphia: Fortress.
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21:
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The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ—Against the Fanatics
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The Division of Christendom: Christianity in the Sixteenth Century
1802:"Automatic major excommunication" translates the Latin expression
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Following additional prayers of intercession directed towards the
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perceived as problematic were deemed to warrant lesser degrees of
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Assertion of All the Articles Wrongly Condemned in the Roman Bull
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2697:. Vatican City: Vatican Secret Archives. c. 2006. Archived from
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Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
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to condemn various propositions extracted from the writings of
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for support when he opposed the practice of burning heretics.
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formula for censure had already been employed by the earlier
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1348:. Moreover, Luther explicitly referred to the church father
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Luther refused to recant and responded instead by composing
2649:. Vol. 6 (2nd rev. ed.). Charles Scribner's Sons.
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1674:) definition, in accordance with the criteria laid down by
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Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
2094:
2092:
2090:
2033:
2021:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1932:
1961:
1959:
1862:
1323:; the larger part of the remainder are derived from the
2358:
2356:
2380:
2243:
2208:
2196:
2172:
2119:
2109:
2107:
2087:
2048:
1983:
1971:
4787:
4469:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
2267:
2255:
2220:
1956:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1891:
1849:
seditious, and offensive to pious ears respectively."
1584:
to declare that he had been formally excommunicated.
1567:
Luther himself later explained his actions that day:
1436:, a posted copy was torn down and defaced. Even some
2353:
2573:(1). Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University: 108–112.
2184:
2131:
2104:
1944:
3542:
2872:Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants
1903:
1879:
1822:Haereticos comburi, est contra voluntatem Spiritus
1344:(proposition #34) reflect opinions also shared by
2674:. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1236:Bulla contra errores Martini Lutheri et sequacium
1076:. It was written in response to the teachings of
4859:
4539:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
2368:
2816:To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
1597:marks a watershed event in Christian history.
1396:
3528:
2751:
1123:was summoned to examine Luther's fidelity to
1035:
2297:
1475:Against the Execrable Bull of the Antichrist
2601:
2553:
2486:
2347:
2335:
2323:
2302:. Proceedings of Vatican II. Archived from
2285:
2081:
2042:
2027:
1873:
1843:
1803:
1786:
1759:
1725:
1692:
1679:
1667:
1633:
1625:
1592:
1577:
1482:
1318:
1312:
1244:
1234:
1199:
1191:
1054:
27:
4554:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
4504:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
3535:
3521:
2758:
2744:
2622:
1998:
1805:majoris excommunicationis latae sententiae
1042:
1028:
2824:On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church
2530:(119). St. Louis, MO: Oblates of Wisdom.
1296:On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church
2516:
2362:
1520:
20:
2663:
2453:
2386:
2249:
2214:
2202:
2178:
2166:
2125:
2098:
2066:
2054:
1977:
1965:
1938:
1926:
1897:
1885:
1525:Painting of Luther burning the bull by
836:Black Legend of the Spanish Inquisition
804:Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith
25:Title page of first printed edition of
4860:
2637:
2527:Living Tradition (theological journal)
2465:
2273:
2261:
2226:
2153:Adversus Execrabile Antichristi Bullam
2149:
2010:
1619:However, contemporary scholars of the
1471:Adversus Execrabile Antichristi Bullam
1444:, Eck had to retreat for an hour to a
3516:
3189:Die Lügend von S. Johanne Chrysostomo
2904:Confession Concerning Christ's Supper
2739:
2507:
2459:Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther
1950:
2678:
2413:
2374:
2190:
2137:
2113:
1914:
1718:
4408:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
2682:Martin Luther: A Biographical Study
2416:"Identifying infallible statements"
1547:. A bonfire was lit and volumes of
1417:, its neighboring regions, and the
13:
3963:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
2840:Against Henry, King of the English
2602:Hillerbrand, Hans Joachim (2007).
2554:Hillerbrand, Hans Joachim (1969).
1065:for 'Arise, O Lord') is a
857:Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum
14:
4904:
3183:Propaganda during the Reformation
2765:
2713:
2668:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1643:
4845:
4833:
4821:
4809:
4797:
4770:
4758:
4089:Fourth Council of Constantinople
4044:Second Council of Constantinople
3030:Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam
2982:Weimar edition of Luther's works
2653:
2298:Pope Paul VI (7 December 1965).
1008:
483:Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
84:Catholic Reformation and Revival
66:
39:
4878:16th-century anti-Protestantism
4059:Third Council of Constantinople
3983:First Council of Constantinople
2808:Sermon on Indulgences and Grace
2647:History of the Christian church
2542:from the original on 2007-02-10
2442:from the original on 2016-01-27
2399:Vatican Secret Archives c. 2006
2291:
2232:
2143:
2004:
1827:
1811:
1796:
1775:
1169:. The heads of the three major
1080:which opposed the views of the
863:Pontifical Gregorian University
215:Olav Engelbrektsson's rebellion
73:Faith, or The Church Triumphant
4298:Dissolution of the monasteries
3564:History of the Catholic Church
3323:All Saints' Church, Wittenberg
3015:Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn
2950:On the Councils and the Church
2856:The Adoration of the Sacrament
2414:Akin, Jimmy (September 2001).
1745:
1428:, particularly in Germany. At
974:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
1:
4172:Fourth Council of the Lateran
4147:Second Council of the Lateran
3756:Apostles in the New Testament
3297:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
2832:On the Freedom of a Christian
2783:Resources about Martin Luther
2487:Cleenewerck, Laurent (2008).
1856:
1511:On the Freedom of a Christian
1289:forth his disagreements with
1100:and its neighboring regions.
298:French school of spirituality
132:Nova ordinantia eclessiastica
120:Regimini militantis Ecclesiae
4286:Catholic Counter-Reformation
4152:Third Council of the Lateran
4142:First Council of the Lateran
3598:Catholic ecumenical councils
3353:Melanchthonhaus (Wittenberg)
3063:Heidelberg Disputation, 1518
3023:A Mighty Fortress Is Our God
2556:"Martin Luther and the Bull
2017:(in Latin). Rhau-Grunenberg.
1508:" Luther also published his
1409:the task of publishing this
1391:
7:
3348:Martin Luther's Death House
3343:Martin Luther's Birth House
3206:Hans and Margarethe Luther
3119:Priesthood of all believers
2623:Pope Leo X (15 June 1520).
2608:. Presbyterian Publishing.
2493:. Euclid University Press.
2461:. Abingdon-Cokesbury Press.
1397:Luther and his sympathizers
815:Index Librorum Prohibitorum
10:
4909:
3632:History of the Roman Curia
3307:Albrecht VII. von Mansfeld
2958:On the Jews and Their Lies
2880:On the Bondage of the Will
2579:10.1177/004056396903000106
2510:History of the Reformation
2407:
1114:
4753:
4653:
4519:
4446:
4381:
4368:European wars of religion
4265:
4200:
4102:
4024:
3915:
3838:
3698:
3687:
3679:Eastern Catholic Churches
3554:
3487:
3462:
3376:
3358:St. Augustine's Monastery
3315:
3199:
3109:Theology of Martin Luther
3099:Augsburg Confession, 1530
3043:
2990:
2791:
2773:
2664:Sollier, Joseph (1908). "
1838:' propositions which the
1587:
959:Catholic literary revival
478:Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
190:European Wars of Religion
138:Defensio Tridentinæ fidei
77:Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
4883:16th-century papal bulls
4499:Mary of the Divine Heart
4122:Clash against the empire
4074:Second Council of Nicaea
3968:Old St. Peter's Basilica
3161:Eucharist in Lutheranism
3087:Decet Romanum Pontificem
2466:Brecht, Martin (1993) .
1738:
1580:Decet Romanum Pontificem
850:Philosophy and education
108:Decet Romanum Pontificem
4888:Documents of Pope Leo X
4765:Vatican City portal
4117:Investiture Controversy
3973:First Council of Nicaea
3363:Veste Coburg (Fortress)
2912:On War Against the Turk
2728:English Translation of
2508:Dolan, John P. (1965).
2156:(in Latin). Wittenberg.
2150:Luther, Martin (1520).
2011:Luther, Martin (1518).
1229:Printed copies of this
1224:
809:Excommunicable offences
423:Michelangelo Caravaggio
270:Jacobite rising of 1689
250:Strasbourg Bishops' War
245:French Wars of Religion
4777:Catholicism portal
4588:Second Vatican Council
4474:Our Lady of La Salette
4281:Protestant Reformation
4268:Protestant Reformation
4187:Second Council of Lyon
3576:Ecclesiastical history
3436:Martin Luther, Heretic
3328:Stadtkirche Wittenberg
3094:Marburg Colloquy, 1529
2679:Todd, John M. (1964).
1844:
1821:
1804:
1787:
1781:Here Leo X alludes to
1760:
1726:
1693:
1680:
1668:
1634:
1626:
1593:
1578:
1574:
1536:
1483:
1448:in fear for his life.
1381:
1372:
1319:
1313:
1245:
1235:
1200:
1192:
1055:
1015:Catholicism portal
911:Discalced Augustinians
896:Augustinian Recollects
821:Portuguese Inquisition
401:Spanish Golden Century
195:Dalecarlian Rebellions
91:Councils and documents
33:
28:
4484:First Vatican Council
4182:First Council of Lyon
3946:Constantine the Great
3642:Christian monasticism
3242:Bartholomaeus Arnoldi
3237:Albert of Brandenburg
3114:Theology of the Cross
3000:First Lutheran hymnal
2928:Articles of Schwabach
2671:Catholic Encyclopedia
1754:Catholic Encyclopedia
1569:
1524:
1401:The Pope assigned to
1376:
1369:major excommunication
1357:
1233:bore the Latin title
543:Francisco de Zurbarán
448:Artemisia Gentileschi
308:Ignatian spirituality
240:Prayer Book Rebellion
24:
4873:1520 in Christianity
4661:Sexual abuse scandal
4570:Mit brennender Sorge
4413:Age of Enlightenment
4192:Bernard of Clairvaux
4069:Byzantine Iconoclasm
4008:Council of Chalcedon
3788:Council of Jerusalem
3657:Role in civilization
3637:Religious institutes
3569:By country or region
3171:Words of Institution
3068:Leipzig Debate, 1519
2666:Theological Censures
2426:(7). San Diego, CA:
2300:"Dignitatis Humanae"
1840:Council of Constance
1793:promulgated in 1460.
1518:over papal decrees.
1207:Council of Constance
1107:tracts rebuking the
916:Discalced Carmelites
868:Second scholasticism
704:Catherine de' Medici
627:Lawrence of Brindisi
418:Gian Lorenzo Bernini
200:German Peasants' War
114:Confutatio Augustana
4489:Papal infallibility
4479:Our Lady of Lourdes
4428:Shimabara Rebellion
4272:Counter-Reformation
3501:Theologia Germanica
3267:Johann von Staupitz
3081:Diet of Worms, 1521
2966:Vom Schem Hamphoras
2567:Theological Studies
2326:, pp. 311–313.
2169:, pp. 161–162.
2069:, pp. 145–147.
1941:, pp. 143–144.
1557:scholastic theology
1553:papal constitutions
1516:ecumenical councils
1165:), theologians and
1144:Leipzig disputation
1134:theological censure
1072:on 15 June 1520 by
984:Proto-Protestantism
873:School of Salamanca
831:Spanish Inquisition
538:Juan de Valdés Leal
220:Pilgrimage of Grace
156:Immensa aeterni Dei
144:Regnans in Excelsis
60:Counter-Reformation
4534:Our Lady of Fátima
4323:Ignatius of Loyola
4247:Catherine of Siena
4215:Pope Boniface VIII
4034:Benedict of Nursia
4003:Council of Ephesus
3840:Ante-Nicene period
3793:Split with Judaism
3627:Crusading movement
3302:Frederick the Wise
3287:Philip Melanchthon
3213:Katharina von Bora
3007:Erfurt Enchiridion
2800:Ninety-five Theses
2520:(September 2005).
2518:Harrison, Brian W.
2455:Bainton, Roland H.
1652:Dignitatis Humanae
1537:
1346:Desiderius Erasmus
964:History of Germany
647:Cardinal Richelieu
607:Ignatius of Loyola
533:Georges de la Tour
468:Giovanni Lanfranco
350:Transubstantiation
210:Tyrone's Rebellion
34:
4828:Holy Roman Empire
4785:
4784:
4745:COVID-19 pandemic
4723:Pope Benedict XVI
4628:Pope John Paul II
4403:Pope Benedict XIV
4389:French Revolution
4373:Thirty Years' War
4363:Robert Bellarmine
4348:John of the Cross
4252:Pope Alexander VI
4237:Council of Vienne
4167:Francis of Assisi
4157:Pope Innocent III
4026:Early Middle Ages
4020:
4019:
4016:
4015:
3958:Arian controversy
3911:
3910:
3859:Apostolic Fathers
3510:
3509:
3474:, Washington D.C.
3282:Andreas Karlstadt
3233:
3225:
3217:
3209:
3166:Sacramental union
3039:
3038:
2943:Smalcald Articles
2479:978-0-8006-0738-8
1731:is extant in the
1719:Manuscript copies
1459:Desiderus Erasmus
1407:Girolamo Aleandro
1360:errors as either
1291:Catholic theology
1052:
1051:
969:Holy Roman Empire
826:Roman Inquisition
622:John of the Cross
582:Robert Bellarmine
513:Peter Paul Rubens
433:Ludovico Carracci
428:Annibale Carracci
340:Spanish mysticism
255:Thirty Years' War
225:Bigod's rebellion
150:Ascendente Domino
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4850:
4849:
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4802:
4801:
4793:
4775:
4774:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4740:Patriarch Kirill
4613:Pope John Paul I
4418:Anti-clericalism
4398:Pope Innocent XI
4318:Society of Jesus
4303:Council of Trent
4257:Age of Discovery
4202:Late Middle Ages
4104:High Middle Ages
4094:East–West Schism
3978:Pope Sylvester I
3924:
3923:
3913:
3912:
3823:General epistles
3818:Pauline epistles
3751:John the Baptist
3734:Great Commission
3696:
3695:
3647:Catholic culture
3537:
3530:
3523:
3514:
3513:
3464:Luther Monuments
3277:Karl von Miltitz
3257:Johann Cochlaeus
3231:
3223:
3221:Magdalena Luther
3215:
3207:
2988:
2987:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2686:
2685:. Paulist Press.
2675:
2657:
2656:
2650:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2625:"Exsurge Domine"
2619:
2598:
2564:
2550:
2548:
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2448:
2447:
2428:Catholic Answers
2402:
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2351:
2348:Cleenewerck 2008
2345:
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2336:Cleenewerck 2008
2333:
2327:
2324:Cleenewerck 2008
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2286:Hillerbrand 1969
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2082:Hillerbrand 1969
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2043:Hillerbrand 2007
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2028:Hillerbrand 2007
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1682:latae sententiae
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1664:Eastern Orthodox
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1438:Catholic bishops
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1171:mendicant orders
1163:Cardinal Cajetan
1161:(among whom was
1121:papal consistory
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890:Religious orders
657:Francisco Suárez
652:Francis de Sales
587:Charles Borromeo
508:Jusepe de Ribera
498:Scipione Pulzone
473:Orlando di Lasso
463:Jacobus de Kerle
443:Domenico Fontana
438:Anthony van Dyck
413:Federico Barocci
235:Schmalkaldic War
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4671:World Youth Day
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4638:World Youth Day
4582:Pacem in terris
4576:Pope John XXIII
4515:
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4433:Edict of Nantes
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4377:
4343:Teresa of Ávila
4338:Tridentine Mass
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3478:Luther Monument
3472:Luther Monument
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3368:Wartburg Castle
3311:
3262:Johann Reuchlin
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3154:Marian theology
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2936:Large Catechism
2920:Small Catechism
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1733:Vatican Library
1721:
1688:excommunication
1646:
1607:Luther's Theses
1590:
1555:, and works of
1529:
1505:
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1394:
1307:, the lists of
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1090:excommunication
1082:Catholic Church
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979:Nation-building
954:
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565:Teresa of Ávila
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396:Flemish Baroque
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345:Tridentine Mass
303:Gregorian chant
288:Confraternities
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260:Bohemian Revolt
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4394:
4392:
4384:Baroque period
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4353:Peter Canisius
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4328:Francis Xavier
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4292:Exsurge Domine
4288:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4232:Pope Clement V
4229:
4228:
4227:
4225:Avignon Papacy
4220:Western Schism
4217:
4212:
4210:Thomas Aquinas
4206:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4064:Saint Boniface
4061:
4056:
4051:
4049:Pope Gregory I
4046:
4041:
4036:
4030:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3988:Biblical canon
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3942:
3940:
3921:
3917:Late antiquity
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3864:Pope Clement I
3854:Church Fathers
3851:
3845:
3843:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3710:
3708:
3693:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3615:Biblical canon
3610:Catholic Bible
3607:
3606:
3605:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3560:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3540:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3517:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3497:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3475:
3468:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3448:
3440:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3408:
3400:
3392:
3383:
3381:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3226:
3218:
3210:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3191:(1537 edition)
3185:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3149:Law and Gospel
3146:
3140:
3135:
3132:Sola scriptura
3128:
3121:
3116:
3106:
3104:Luther's canon
3101:
3096:
3091:
3083:
3078:
3074:Exsurge Domine
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3011:
3003:
2996:
2994:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2946:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2896:Deutsche Messe
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2864:Formula missae
2860:
2852:
2844:
2836:
2828:
2820:
2812:
2804:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2730:Exsurge Domine
2725:
2722:Exsurge Domine
2720:Latin Text of
2715:
2714:External links
2712:
2711:
2710:
2693:Exsurge Domine
2687:
2676:
2651:
2639:Schaff, Philip
2635:
2620:
2614:
2599:
2558:Exsurge Domine
2551:
2514:
2505:
2499:
2484:
2478:
2463:
2451:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2391:
2389:, p. 116.
2379:
2367:
2352:
2350:, p. 315.
2340:
2338:, p. 313.
2328:
2316:
2290:
2288:, p. 111.
2278:
2276:, p. 229.
2266:
2264:, p. 228.
2254:
2252:, p. 166.
2242:
2231:
2229:, p. 424.
2219:
2217:, p. 164.
2207:
2205:, p. 165.
2195:
2193:, p. 169.
2183:
2181:, p. 162.
2171:
2159:
2142:
2140:, p. 168.
2130:
2128:, p. 157.
2118:
2116:, p. 167.
2103:
2101:, p. 158.
2086:
2084:, p. 108.
2071:
2059:
2057:, p. 145.
2047:
2032:
2020:
2003:
1982:
1980:, p. 156.
1970:
1968:, p. 147.
1955:
1953:, p. 240.
1943:
1931:
1929:, p. 144.
1919:
1917:, p. 166.
1902:
1900:, p. 143.
1890:
1878:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1842:had condemned
1826:
1810:
1795:
1774:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1727:Exsurge Domine
1720:
1717:
1707:Brian Harrison
1694:Exsurge Domine
1645:
1644:Proposition 33
1642:
1636:sola scriptura
1594:Exsurge Domine
1589:
1586:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1337:Pope Julius II
1325:Leipzig debate
1246:Exsurge Domine
1226:
1223:
1116:
1113:
1057:Exsurge Domine
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
955:
953:Related topics
952:
951:
948:
947:
944:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
892:
889:
888:
885:
884:
881:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
852:
849:
848:
845:
844:
841:
840:
839:
838:
828:
823:
818:
811:
806:
800:
797:
796:
793:
792:
789:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
727:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
665:
664:
662:Francis Xavier
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
597:Peter Canisius
594:
589:
584:
573:
572:
567:
557:
554:
553:
550:
549:
546:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
518:Vincenzo Ruffo
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
404:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
373:
368:
367:
364:
363:
360:
359:
357:Works of mercy
354:
353:
352:
342:
337:
336:
335:
330:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
284:
281:
280:
277:
276:
273:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
205:Wars of Kappel
202:
175:
172:
171:
168:
167:
102:Exsurge Domine
93:
90:
89:
86:
85:
81:
80:
71:
63:
62:
54:
53:
45:
44:
29:Exsurge Domine
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4905:
4894:
4893:Martin Luther
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4853:
4843:
4841:
4831:
4829:
4819:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4766:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4618:Mother Teresa
4616:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4544:Pope Pius XII
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4512:
4511:
4510:Rerum novarum
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4494:Pope Leo XIII
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4464:United States
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4454:Pope Pius VII
4452:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4137:Scholasticism
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4112:Pope Urban II
4110:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3888:Justin Martyr
3886:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3798:New Testament
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3761:Commissioning
3759:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3705:Apostolic Age
3701:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3592:
3591:Papal primacy
3589:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3533:
3531:
3526:
3524:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3404:Martin Luther
3401:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3388:Martin Luther
3385:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3227:
3222:
3219:
3214:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3042:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2992:List of hymns
2989:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2767:Martin Luther
2761:
2756:
2754:
2749:
2747:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2717:
2701:on 2011-05-22
2700:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2661:
2660:public domain
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2615:9780664224028
2611:
2607:
2606:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2561:
2559:
2552:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2500:9780615183619
2496:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2469:Martin Luther
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2400:
2395:
2388:
2383:
2376:
2371:
2364:
2363:Harrison 2005
2359:
2357:
2349:
2344:
2337:
2332:
2325:
2320:
2306:on 2012-02-11
2305:
2301:
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2287:
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2275:
2270:
2263:
2258:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2235:
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2199:
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2110:
2108:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2068:
2063:
2056:
2051:
2045:, p. 51.
2044:
2039:
2037:
2030:, p. 40.
2029:
2024:
2016:
2015:
2007:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1979:
1974:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1952:
1947:
1940:
1935:
1928:
1923:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1899:
1894:
1887:
1882:
1876:, p. 50.
1875:
1870:
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1861:
1846:
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1837:
1830:
1823:
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1604:
1603:Philip Schaff
1600:
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1427:
1422:
1420:
1419:Low Countries
1416:
1412:
1408:
1405:and Cardinal
1404:
1389:
1387:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1347:
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1342:Ottoman Turks
1338:
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1269:
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1232:
1222:
1220:
1219:papal nuncios
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1196:
1194:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1167:canon lawyers
1164:
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1126:
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1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:Martin Luther
1075:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1026:
1025:
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869:
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734:
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720:
719:Sigismund III
717:
715:
712:
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638:
635:
633:
632:Péter Pázmány
630:
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623:
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453:Luca Giordano
451:
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323:Popular piety
321:
319:
316:
314:
313:Interior life
311:
309:
306:
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301:
299:
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293:Devotionalism
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178:
177:Diet of Worms
170:
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65:
64:
61:
56:
55:
51:
47:
46:
42:
38:
37:
32:
30:
23:
19:
4816:Christianity
4732:
4728:Pope Francis
4654:21st century
4603:Pope Paul VI
4580:
4568:
4521:20th century
4508:
4459:Pope Pius IX
4447:19th century
4423:Pope Pius VI
4291:
4290:
4162:Latin Empire
4132:Universities
4084:Pope Leo III
3951:Christianity
3936:state church
3928:Great Church
3729:Resurrection
3692:(30–325/476)
3689:Early Church
3674:Latin Church
3669:Papal States
3664:Vatican City
3499:
3452:Luther and I
3451:
3443:
3435:
3427:
3419:
3411:
3403:
3395:
3387:
3338:Lutherstädte
3316:Luther sites
3272:Justus Jonas
3188:
3178:Antisemitism
3138:Two kingdoms
3130:
3123:
3086:
3073:
3072:
3013:
3005:
2974:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2862:
2854:
2851:(1522, 1534)
2848:Luther Bible
2846:
2838:
2830:
2822:
2814:
2806:
2798:
2778:Bibliography
2729:
2721:
2703:. Retrieved
2699:the original
2692:
2681:
2669:
2646:
2628:. Retrieved
2604:
2570:
2566:
2557:
2544:. Retrieved
2525:
2509:
2489:
2468:
2458:
2444:. Retrieved
2423:
2419:
2394:
2387:Bainton 1950
2382:
2370:
2343:
2331:
2319:
2308:. Retrieved
2304:the original
2293:
2281:
2269:
2257:
2250:Bainton 1950
2245:
2234:
2222:
2215:Bainton 1950
2210:
2203:Bainton 1950
2198:
2186:
2179:Bainton 1950
2174:
2167:Bainton 1950
2162:
2152:
2145:
2133:
2126:Bainton 1950
2121:
2099:Bainton 1950
2067:Bainton 1950
2062:
2055:Bainton 1950
2050:
2023:
2013:
2006:
1978:Bainton 1950
1973:
1966:Bainton 1950
1946:
1939:Bainton 1950
1934:
1927:Bainton 1950
1922:
1898:Bainton 1950
1893:
1886:Sollier 1908
1881:
1829:
1813:
1798:
1783:Pope Pius II
1777:
1758:
1752:
1747:
1724:
1722:
1699:
1662:
1650:
1647:
1618:
1591:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1538:
1527:Karl Aspelin
1509:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1450:
1423:
1400:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1358:
1354:
1332:conciliarism
1329:
1320:Resolutiones
1314:Resolutiones
1294:
1293:, including
1276:
1251:Arise O Lord
1250:
1228:
1215:
1198:
1190:
1187:
1183:Augustinians
1156:
1138:
1118:
1102:
1056:
1053:
855:
813:
781:Gregory XIII
729:
728:
699:Maximilian I
679:Ferdinand II
667:
666:
642:Matteo Ricci
575:
574:
559:
493:Andrea Pozzo
488:Mattia Preti
406:
405:
375:
333:Sacred Heart
282:Spirituality
188:
160:
154:
148:
142:
136:
130:
124:
118:
112:
106:
101:
100:
94:
72:
26:
18:
4734:Laudato si'
4529:Pope Pius X
4358:Philip Neri
4333:Pope Pius V
4308:Thomas More
4177:Inquisition
4079:Charlemagne
4039:Monasticism
3849:Persecution
3741:Holy Spirit
3724:Crucifixion
3603:First seven
3495:Luther rose
3454:(2017 film)
3446:(2003 film)
3438:(1983 film)
3430:(1974 film)
3422:(1964 film)
3414:(1961 play)
3406:(1953 film)
3398:(1928 film)
3390:(1923 film)
3380:and theatre
3252:Georg Rörer
3229:Paul Luther
3058:Lutheranism
3053:Reformation
2274:Schaff 1916
2262:Schaff 1916
2239:Psalms 21:9
2227:Brecht 1993
1789:Execrabilis
1769:Magisterium
1703:Magisterium
1670:ex cathedra
1621:Reformation
1614:Christendom
1541:Melanchthon
1530: [
1501:indulgences
1179:Franciscans
1084:. The bull
1070:promulgated
994:Renaissance
989:Reformation
798:Inquisition
746:Clement VII
714:Sigismund I
637:Philip Neri
617:John Fisher
570:Thomas More
75:(1665), by
4862:Categories
4607:coronation
4313:Pope Leo X
3898:Tertullian
3828:Revelation
3803:Background
3333:Lutherhaus
3292:Pope Leo X
3224:(daughter)
3046:and events
2975:Table Talk
2705:2012-02-28
2691:"The Bull
2630:2012-03-10
2546:2012-03-10
2446:2012-03-10
2310:2012-03-10
1951:Dolan 1965
1857:References
1723:A copy of
1657:Vatican II
1599:Protestant
1545:Wittenberg
1467:Antichrist
1175:Dominicans
1140:Johann Eck
1092:unless he
1074:Pope Leo X
1067:papal bull
926:Oratorians
901:Barnabites
761:Julius III
523:Tintoretto
503:Guido Reni
265:Rohan Wars
162:Unigenitus
4623:Communism
4593:Ecumenism
3939:(380–451)
3931:(180–451)
3920:(313–476)
3842:(100–325)
3208:(parents)
3125:Sola fide
2973:Luther's
2695:by Leo X"
2641:(1916) .
2595:170382766
2587:2169-1304
2436:1049-4561
2420:This Rock
2375:Akin 2001
2191:Todd 1964
2138:Todd 1964
2114:Todd 1964
1915:Todd 1964
1676:Vatican I
1628:sola fide
1549:canon law
1504:faithful.
1454:Humanists
1392:Reactions
1366:automatic
1305:95 Theses
1159:cardinals
1105:polemical
941:Ursulines
936:Theatines
906:Capuchins
741:Adrian VI
724:William V
709:Philip II
689:Louis XIV
684:Leopold I
674:Charles V
386:Polyphony
381:Mannerism
318:Mariology
230:Dacke War
4633:HIV/AIDS
4127:Crusades
3881:Irenaeus
3874:Ignatius
3869:Polycarp
3719:Ministry
3707:(30–100)
3581:Timeline
3143:Beerwolf
3032:" (1543)
3025:" (1529)
2540:Archived
2536:45859084
2457:(1950).
2440:Archived
1845:in globo
1785:'s bull
1712:censures
1484:in globo
1446:cloister
1386:prelates
1309:censures
1279:Apostles
1255:the Lord
1201:in globo
1193:in globo
1125:Catholic
1094:recanted
1086:censured
931:Piarists
878:Molinism
786:Sixtus V
756:Paul III
751:Pius III
668:Monarchs
612:John Eck
458:El Greco
173:Politics
58:Catholic
50:a series
48:Part of
4852:History
4840:Germany
4790:Portals
4598:Judaism
3998:Vulgate
3808:Gospels
3783:Stephen
3700:Origins
3620:Vulgate
3556:General
3546:of the
3544:History
3488:Related
3480:, Worms
3247:Erasmus
2662::
2408:Sources
1836:Jan Hus
1762:de fide
1601:author
1572:reason.
1564:21:9.
1442:Leipzig
1241:incipit
1211:Jan Hus
1148:Cologne
1115:History
921:Jesuits
771:Pius IV
766:Paul IV
602:Erasmus
407:Artists
391:Baroque
376:Schools
4564:Nazism
4386:to the
3993:Jerome
3903:Origen
3586:Papacy
3444:Luther
3428:Luther
3420:Luther
3412:Luther
3396:Luther
3216:(wife)
3200:People
3145:(1539)
3089:, 1521
3076:, 1520
3044:Topics
3018:(1524)
3010:(1524)
3002:(1524)
2978:(1566)
2969:(1543)
2961:(1543)
2953:(1539)
2945:(1537)
2939:(1529)
2931:(1529)
2923:(1529)
2915:(1529)
2907:(1528)
2899:(1526)
2891:(1526)
2883:(1525)
2875:(1525)
2867:(1523)
2859:(1523)
2843:(1522)
2835:(1520)
2827:(1520)
2819:(1520)
2811:(1518)
2803:(1517)
2612:
2593:
2585:
2534:
2497:
2476:
2434:
1588:Modern
1434:Torgau
1430:Erfurt
1426:Luther
1415:Saxony
1350:Jerome
1260:Song 2
1173:, the
1152:Leuven
1129:Curial
1109:papacy
1098:Saxony
776:Pius V
694:Mary I
576:Clergy
560:People
555:People
528:Titian
328:Rosary
4666:Islam
3934:Roman
3893:Canon
3766:Peter
3714:Jesus
3232:(son)
2792:Works
2591:S2CID
2563:(PDF)
1818:Latin
1739:Notes
1611:Latin
1562:Psalm
1534:]
1282:Peter
1272:Leo X
1268:Ps 80
1063:Latin
736:Leo X
730:Popes
4716:2023
4711:2019
4706:2016
4701:2013
4696:2011
4691:2008
4686:2005
4681:2002
4676:2000
4643:1995
3813:Acts
3776:Paul
3771:John
3746:Mary
3378:Film
2610:ISBN
2583:ISSN
2532:OCLC
2495:ISBN
2474:ISBN
2432:ISSN
1632:and
1411:bull
1286:Paul
1284:and
1264:NASB
1262::15
1231:bull
1225:Text
1181:and
1150:and
3702:and
3652:Art
2575:doi
1655:of
1477:).
1413:in
1403:Eck
1301:Eck
370:Art
4864::
2645:.
2589:.
2581:.
2571:30
2569:.
2565:.
2538:.
2524:.
2438:.
2430:.
2424:12
2422:.
2418:.
2355:^
2106:^
2089:^
2074:^
2035:^
1985:^
1958:^
1905:^
1864:^
1820::
1735:.
1705:.
1686:)
1551:,
1532:sv
1421:.
1243:,
1213:.
1177:,
52:on
4792::
4609:)
4605:(
3536:e
3529:t
3522:v
3028:"
3021:"
2759:e
2752:t
2745:v
2708:.
2633:.
2618:.
2597:.
2577::
2560:"
2549:.
2503:.
2482:.
2449:.
2401:.
2377:.
2365:.
2313:.
2001:.
1888:.
1824:.
1808:.
1506:'
1473:(
1258:(
1249:(
1061:(
1043:e
1036:t
1029:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
