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804:. As Thurid, Kiartan and the guests are dining and sitting about the fire, Thorir and his followers entered the house and shake their dirty clothes all over the house, throwing mud on the guests. The next three nights, Kiartan moves the guests and the fire in to a different room, however Thorir and the other ghosts continue to enter the house, flinging mud and killing servants and farm-hands. Eventually, Snorri, who was also Kiartan's
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Thorbrandssons (Þorbrandssons), in their feud with the
Thorlaksson family. He took part in the battle of Alftafjord with his foster brothers and rescued them after they were all wounded at the battle of Vigrafjord. A compromise was later reached between the two families, after Snorri courted his daughter with the son of Thormod Thorlaksson. Snorri also made an attempt to kill
766:, her sheets and bedding to be burned, and her wealth to be donated to the Christian church. Upon Thorgunna's death, Thorodd, a friend, burns all her bedding except her bed sheets, which he gave to his wife as a gift. Thorodd donates her wealth to the church, and transports her body south to Skálaholt in a coffin. At nightfall, Thorodd decides to rest on a
797:'s head began to emerge from the floor. The people of the house tried to smash the seal back down into the floor boards with sticks and clubs, but the seal kept steadily rising, further out of the floor after each blow. Kiartan, a young man at Frodis-water, ran into the house with a sledge hammer and struck the seal back down into the floorboards.
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This event took place in the autumn at Hvammr, that neither the shepherd nor the sheep came home. In the morning a search was made, and the shepherd was found dead not far from Þórólfrs cairn; he was completely coalblack and every bone was broken. He was buried near Þórólfr. Of all the sheep in the
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Arnkel had laid his sword and shield against a hayrick, and now he took up his weapons and defended himself therewith; but now he began to gather wounds, and withal they came up into the garth about him. Then Arnkel leapt up on to the hayrick, and defended himself thence for a space, but such was the
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who had assembled a group of men that constantly attacked and pillaged his neighbors. Snorri and his gang killed Ospak and the other members of his group. Snorri spared Ospak's son and allowed him to inherit his father's farm. Snorri had several children and was able to create marriage alliances with
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The Saga shows that, upon death, a hole was cut in the wall closest to where the corpse was and the body was removed from the house through the hole. It was believed that, if a dead person was carried through the front door, their ghost would remember how to enter and exit the house and come back to
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As is the case with all
Icelander sagas, Eyrbyggja Saga should not be taken as a reliable historical record, but as a narrative with a basis in oral family history. Many of the places, events, and people are quite real, but the story includes fantastical episodes with elements of folklore, including
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at Frodis-water where
Thorgunna had once resided. The shepherd haunted the house at Frodis-water until Thorir Wooden-leg fell sick and died after encountering the shepherd's ghost. The shepherd and Thorir haunted Frodis-water, in which four more people fell sick and died one after the other. During
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legends. Thorolf's body is buried, reburied, burned, and is reincarnated as a bull, though he continued to cause relentless terror for nearly a year before he finally was permanently laid to rest by Arnkel, who buried his remains on a hillside. Arnkel constructed a high stone wall around
Thorolf's
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just outside Skálaholt. In the middle of the night, Thorodd and the farmstead owners awaken to find a dead, naked
Thorgunna setting the dinner table and preparing a meal to eat. The farm owner tries to speak to Thorgunna and she disappears after having prepared a full meal. Thorodd along with the
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Snorri was middling in height and somewhat slender, fair to look on, straight faced and of light hue; of yellow hair and red beard; he was meek of mood in his daily ways; little men knew of his thought for good or ill; he was a wise man, and forseeing in many things, enduring in wrath and deep in
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Women represented in the Saga are prominent and strong-willed characters. They could own property, become merchants, court their own marriages, and command legions of sailors. For example, Geirrid, the sister of
Geirrod of Ere, had workers build her a large vestibule hallway in which she could
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In chapter 37, Snorri and his foster brothers kill Arnkel whilst he is working on his farm. In the ensuing court case regarding the murder of Arnkel, only
Thorleif Thorbrandsson (Þorbrandsson) was convicted and outlawed. Snorri, after killing Arnkel, later sided with his foster brothers, the
445:. Chapter 55 of the Saga shows Snorri and his nephew Kiartan summoning Thorir Wooden-leg and other ghosts with coming and going about Frodis-water without permission and despoiling men of their lives and good fortune. These trials brought an end to the hauntings that occurred at Frodis-water.
793:, the constant sound of fisherman skinning fish could be heard outside the Frodis-water house. Additionally, a crew of six men were often seen manning a ten-oared boat not far from the shoreline. One night when the Frodis-water inhabitants were gathering for dinner, a
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living on
Iceland on such matters as property rights and blood feuds. Arnkel became involved in further disputes with Snorri after Arnkel's father, Thorolf Halt-foot, accused Snorri of stealing his firewood. As the Saga progresses, Arnkel claims properties around
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The Saga portrays the different families and individuals living on
Iceland at Snæfellsnes. There is constant fighting between the different clans on Snæfellsnes, mostly over resources such as wood, property, and livestock. The different
589:, who had an affair with his sister Thurid while she was married to Thorodd the Tribute Trader, a marriage that Snorri helped to arrange. Bjorn fended off Snorri's attack, but was later convinced to leave Iceland.
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Arnkel finally engages in a physical dispute with Snorri and the
Thorbrandssons (Þorbrandsson), Snorri's foster brothers. Snorri and his foster brothers attack and kill Arnkel whilst he was working on his farm.
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on it, eat the meat without harm, and then sleep peacefully through the night. The next day Thorgunna's corpse is transported to Skálaholt and laid to rest, never disturbing Thorodd or his kinsmen again.
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for a winter, and then returned to settle permanently in Greenland. The saga does not give a specific time of when this took place, but it does suggest that it was fourteen years before Snorri declared
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as early as the 9th century, but most of the events take place towards the end of the 10th century and the early 11th century. There is also internal evidence that the author of the saga knew of
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The saga was most likely written in its entirety in the mid- or late-13th century, but historians have not yet been able to pinpoint an exact date. The narrative begins at the time of the
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represented in the Saga constantly turn to Snorri and Arnkel for advice and permission to take legal and/or physical action against perpetrators that have wronged them.
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The story of the Eyrbyggja Saga frequently turns on actions that stem from greed, fear, ambition or downright meanness, as it describes cold-hearted bargaining between
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and several other important men of Snæfellsnes had churches built on their land, although there were no priests to be had to celebrate mass. It is unclear how many
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valley, some were found dead, and the rest that had strayed into the mountains were never found. Whenever birds landed on Þórólfrs grave, they fell down dead.'
499:. Many Icelandic Norsemen were baptized and called themselves Christians, but little of their old Pagan rituals and beliefs had been abandoned; for example,
557:, and the author constantly depicts him as the wise, classical hero. The Saga's main area of focus is featured around his life. Snorri also converted to
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end of matter that he fell, and they covered him over there in the garth with hay; and thereafter Snorri and his folk fared home to Holyfell.
172:. The most central character is Snorri Þorgrímsson, referred to as Snorri Goði and Snorri the Priest. Snorri was the nephew of the hero of
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grave so that Thorolf could not overcome it. However, Thorolf seemed to continually haunt the hillside where he was buried.
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Following the incident with the seal at Frodis-water, Thurid and Kiartan invite their neighbors to Frodis-water for the
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919:, ed. by Einar Ól. Sveinsson and Matthías Þórðarson, Íslenzk fornrit, 4 (Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag, 1935)
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and dealt with local disputes over firewood, blood feuds, and property distribution. Snorri is also seen putting
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who oversaw property boundaries, settled disputes between landlords and blood feuds, and prosecuted criminals.
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495:. Archaeological evidence suggests that Pagan and Christian burials took place on Iceland, specifically on
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reveals the death of Thorolf Halt-Foot, who is also the father of Arnkel. Thorolf is reincarnated as a
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The Story of the Ere-dwellers (Eyrbyggja Saga): With The Story of the Heath Slayings (Heiðarvíga saga)
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He is often depicted as the enemy of Snorri by the author. Arnkel provides similar information to the
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other members transporting the corpse and the homesteaders of the farm bless the meat by sprinkling
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Chapters 50–51 of the Saga show a sickly, wealthy seafaring woman named Thorgunna from the south of
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have survived in fragments from the 13th century and in numerous manuscripts from the 14th century.
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Arnkel, like Snorri, acted as chieftain over the peoples of Holyfell, and was also referred to as
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377:, who was not only an early champion of Christianity on Snæfellsnes but also an ancestor of the
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859:(1901), also derive their plot's from the saga. It has also been adapted into a graphic novel,
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1020:Ármann Jakobsson. 2007. Two wise women and their young apprentice. A miscarried magic class.
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Eyrbyggja saga. Brands þáttr ̨orva. Eiríks saga rauða. Grœnlendinga saga. Grœnlendinga þáttr
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hatred; of good rede was he for his friends, but his unfriends deemed his counsels but cold.
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að hann hefir verið allra menna best að sér um alla hluti í fornum sið og manna vitrastur
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Arnkel, who is a kind of tragic hero in the saga, is praised above any other character (
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373:, ch. 37), the author tends to focus on Arnkel's ultimately more successful rival
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It was written by an anonymous writer, who describes a long-standing feud between
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Snorri in his later years successfully led a fight against Ospak Kjallaksson, a
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family, who dominated Icelandic politics in the first half of the 13th century.
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is to trace a few key families as they settled Iceland, specifically around the
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events that mainly consist of undead animals rising up through the floor and
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The saga has served as inspiration for a number of modern novels, including
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219:. Nevertheless, it is valued for many reasons, including its historical and
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and a frightening marauder who leaves his tomb to cause devastation around
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examine all the men that passed by in attempts to find a future husband.
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elements. The saga is characterized by a distinct interest in old lore,
164:. The title is slightly misleading as it deals also with the clans from
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772:
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Medieval Ghost Stories, an Anthology of Miracles, Marvels and Progress
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Medieval Ghost Stories, an Anthology of Miracles, Marvels and Progress
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Medieval Ghost Stories, an Anthology of Miracles, Marvels and Progress
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Medieval Ghost Stories, an Anthology of Miracles, Marvels and Progress
863:(2022), by Andrew Pfrenger, Andrew Valkauskas, and Jonathan Burrello.
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Following the death of Thorgunna, the author describes the death of a
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1426:
1047:, a Swedish encyclopedia published between 1904 and 1926, now in the
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243:. It also mentions a journey by Guðleifr Guðlaugsson and his crew to
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722:. Thorolf's undead ventures also reveal specific overtones from the
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in the Saga have a mixture of characteristics that are "typical" of
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many leading families in Iceland. Snorri's descendants included the
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The Medieval and Classical Literature Library English translation:
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A Viking Age Valley in Iceland: The Mosfell Archaeological Project.
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622:, in which he also claims land from peoples who he presided over.
291:. All of the events of the Saga take place in one small region of
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479:. After Christianity had been officially adopted by the Althing,
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235:. The saga includes several references to the colonization of
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Paul Edwards, Hermann Palsson, William Morris, Eirikr Magnusson
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565:. He permitted the construction of Christian churches around
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Björn der Wiking. Ein germanisches Kulturdrama in vier Akten
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790:
779:
1386:"Database of medieval Icelandic saga literary adaptations"
1311:. Boydell Press; Rochester, New York, 2001. Pages 108-109.
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coming into the house to warm themselves by the fire. The
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The Saga is usually not regarded as artistically equal to
1333:. Boydell Press; Rochester, New York, 2001. Page 109-110.
1289:. Boydell Press; Rochester, New York, 2001. Page 106-108.
1007:; Blackwell, I. A. London: H. G. Bohn. pp. 517–540.
982:. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. 1959.
1179:. Boydell Press; Rochester, New York, 2001. Page 112.
1079:. Penguin Books Ltd; London, 2009. Page 99, 100, 104.
1090:"The Eyrbyggja Saga (The Story of the Ere-Dwellers)"
891:
877:
561:and declared Christianity the official religion of
503:a corpse and drinking heavily after a funeral were
1241:
1239:
532:Asgrim and his retinue come to Snorri Goði's booth
1258:. Penguin Books Ltd; London, 2009. Page 103, 104.
654:. He stayed there for three winters, returned to
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1236:
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762:who requested at her death bed to be buried in
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156:and Arnkel Goði, two strong chieftains in the
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866:
303:resided. The Saga shows a steady shift from
1163:Maney Publishing, 1995. Page 200, 201, 205.
1066:. Penguin Books Ltd; London, 2009. Page 99.
433:, in particular, was the head chieftain on
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1114:Penguin Books Ltd; London, 2009. Page 100.
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247:, which was said to exist beyond Vinland.
315:over the course of roughly twenty years.
780:Thorir Wooden-leg and his undead company
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261:
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1039:This article contains content from the
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808:, banishes Thorir and the ghosts from
239:and one reference to an expedition to
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851:(2011). Two plays, Jóhann Frimann's
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534:, an event that was featured in the
898:. Reykjavík: Sigurður Kristjánsson.
471:The Saga shows a strong shift from
425:system. There was normally a local
299:, the farmstead on Thórsnes, where
13:
1416:—full text and English translation
1373:
892:Valdimar Ásmundarson, ed. (1895).
837:The Waif Woman: A Cue, from a Saga
826:
812:using an effective combination of
706:The hills where Thorolf was buried
14:
1790:
1406:
954:; Edwards, Paul Geoffrey (1969).
148:; its title can be translated as
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190:. Another main interest of the
150:The Saga of the People of Eyri.
1661:Þorsteins saga Síðu-Hallssonar
1298:Eyrbyggja Saga chapters 50, 51
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1206:Eyrbyggja Saga chapters 44-46
1188:Eyrbyggja Saga chapter 37, 38
1028:
978:. Translated by Paul Schach;
737:Eyrbyggja Saga chapter 34<
522:An illustrated recreation of
1571:Gunnars saga Keldugnúpsfífls
1511:Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar
855:(1938) and Robert Riemann's
753:
7:
1646:Reykdæla saga ok Víga-Skútu
943:. London: Bernard Quaritch.
909:. Halle a. S.: M. Niemeyer.
789:the winter just before the
601:, through his son Halldor.
384:
257:
32:Norsemen Landing in Iceland
10:
1795:
1758:Icelandic Literary Society
987:
903:Gering, Hugo, ed. (1897).
887:. Leipzig: F. C. W. Vogel.
397:is a peninsula in western
160:community that settled in
133:[ˈeirˌpɪcːaˈsaːɣa]
124:[ˈœyrˌbyɡːjɑˈsɑɣɑ]
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1496:Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappa
1476:
1412:Icelandic Saga Database:
1390:Christopher W. E. Crocker
1342:Eyrbyggja Saga chapter 54
1320:Eyrbyggja Saga chapter 53
1276:Eyrbyggja Saga chapter 24
1267:Eyrbyggja Saga chapter 37
1245:Eyrbyggja Saga chapter 31
1233:Eyrbyggja Saga chapter 65
1224:Eyrbyggja Saga chapter 62
1215:Eyrbyggja Saga chapter 47
1197:Eyrbyggja Saga chapter 46
1150:Eyrbyggja Saga chapter 49
1141:Eyrbyggja Saga chapter 50
1132:Eyrbyggja Saga chapter 33
867:Editions and translations
663:the official religion of
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579:Eyrbyggja Saga chapter 15
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1591:Hávarðar saga Ísfirðings
1586:Harðar saga ok Hólmverja
1576:Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu
1481:Auðunar þáttr vestfirzka
1123:Eyrbyggja Saga chapter 9
487:actually converted from
417:system of legalities on
129:Icelandic pronunciation:
120:Old Norse pronunciation:
1491:Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss
671:Ghost tales in the Saga
839:(1914), Jeff Janoda's
833:Robert Louis Stevenson
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36:Oscar Arnold Wergeland
1421:modern Icelandic text
1366:SAGA | Kirkus Reviews
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1656:Þorsteins saga hvíta
1159:Jesse Byock, et al.
1015:abstract of the saga
1000:Northern antiquities
879:Guðbrandur Vigfússon
514:Prominent characters
97:13th to 14th Century
85:Icelandic literature
1779:Sagas of Icelanders
1531:Finnboga saga ramma
1506:Droplaugarsona saga
1470:Sagas of Icelanders
1112:Viking Age Iceland.
960:. London: Penguin.
678:describes numerous
441:on trial for their
168:and Alptafjörðr on
21:
1717:Contemporary sagas
1256:Viking Age Iceland
1077:Viking Age Iceland
1064:Viking Age Iceland
1045:Nordisk familjebok
995:Mallet, Paul Henri
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611:Arnkel the Priest.
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266:Modern day map of
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1700:Other saga genres
1676:Vápnfirðinga saga
1666:Þórðar saga hreðu
1636:Ljósvetninga saga
1606:Hrana saga hrings
1561:Grœnlendinga saga
1516:Eiríks saga rauða
1501:Brennu-Njáls saga
1094:www.northvegr.org
935:Magnússon, Eiríkr
698:Thorolf Halt-Foot
646:The Saga reveals
587:Bjorn Asbrandsson
146:Icelanders' sagas
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102:Publication place
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1616:Kjalnesinga saga
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946:Internet Archive
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845:Ármann Jakobsson
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650:'s discovery of
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463:haunt the house.
250:Sections of the
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1712:Chivalric sagas
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1686:Víga-Glúms saga
1626:Króka-Refs saga
1596:Heiðarvíga saga
1581:Hallfreðar saga
1566:Gull-Þóris saga
1546:Fóstbrœðra saga
1536:Fljótsdæla saga
1486:Bandamanna saga
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1691:Víglundar saga
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1681:Vatnsdæla saga
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1651:Svarfdæla saga
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1407:External links
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459:Death ritual
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421:which used a
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1722:Kings' sagas
1631:Laxdæla saga
1621:Kormáks saga
1556:Grettis saga
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1431:Proverbs in
1394:. Retrieved
1392:. 2019-02-23
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843:(2005), and
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680:supernatural
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661:Christianity
648:Erik the Red
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559:Christianity
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531:
493:Christianity
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341:Laxdœla saga
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313:Christianity
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187:Laxdœla saga
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83:
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31:
1746:Publication
1737:Short tales
1352:Schach 1959
1041:Owl Edition
810:Snæfellsnes
665:Snæfellsnes
620:Snæfellsnes
567:Snæfellsnes
555:Snæfellsnes
542:Snorri Goði
524:Snorri Goði
497:Snæfellsnes
481:Snorri Goði
435:Snæfellsnes
431:Snorri Goði
419:Snæfellsnes
407:Government
395:Snæfellsnes
322:Modern day
301:Snorri Goði
293:Snæfellsnes
269:Snæfellsnes
204:Egil's saga
198:peninsula.
196:Snæfellsnes
154:Snorri Goði
1551:Gísla saga
1396:2022-11-12
1029:References
1024:122:43-57.
802:Yule Feast
791:Yule Feast
773:holy water
536:Njáls saga
413:shows the
345:Egils saga
289:chieftains
210:Njáls saga
181:Njáls saga
175:Gísla saga
52:Translator
821:Icelandic
814:Christian
768:farmstead
764:Skálaholt
754:Thorgunna
747:Skálaholt
724:Wild Hunt
652:Greenland
599:Sturlungs
551:chieftain
501:cremating
468:Religion
443:hauntings
427:chieftain
361:revenants
357:possessed
325:Helgafell
297:Helgafell
237:Greenland
221:folkloric
68:Old Norse
64:Icelandic
47:Anonymous
1773:Category
1419:Snerpa:
997:(1847).
937:(1892).
872:Editions
786:shepherd
735:—
694:ghosts.
634:—
594:Norseman
577:—
485:Norsemen
473:Paganism
385:Overview
379:Sturlung
305:paganism
278:Norsemen
258:Synopsis
60:Language
988:Studies
817:rituals
760:Iceland
720:Þórsnes
688:Draugrs
684:Draugrs
656:Iceland
563:Iceland
399:Iceland
353:sorcery
337:Iceland
309:Iceland
285:farmers
241:Vinland
225:rituals
170:Iceland
166:Þórsnes
162:Iceland
106:Iceland
964:
849:Glæsir
716:Draugr
605:Arnkel
547:Snorri
450:Women
439:ghosts
375:Snorri
44:Author
38:, 1877
1011:Scott
853:Fróðá
806:uncle
692:Norse
615:Norse
526:, by
415:Norse
333:Norse
158:Norse
74:Genre
34:, by
962:ISBN
841:Saga
819:and
795:seal
366:goði
343:and
287:and
231:and
213:and
184:and
1043:of
1022:ANF
1013:'s
912:pdf
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118:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
