140:
63:
with dynamic standing balance. Able to recover in standing when balance is challenged. Not more than 70 points in legs." In 2003, Disabled Sports USA defined this class as, "In a sitting class but not more than 70 points in the lower limbs. Are unable to recover balance in challenged standing position." In
Australia, this class means combined lower plus upper limb functional problems. "Minimal disability." It can also mean in Australia that the athlete is "ambulant with moderately reduced function in one or both lower limbs." In Australia, the corresponding class for based on disability type classes are A2, A3, A9, and LAF5.
794:
72:
151:
47:
55:
179:
159:
their condition. This includes if the condition is progressive or stable, if it is an acquired or congenital condition. It may include a request for information on any future anticipated medical care. It may also include a request for any medications the person is taking. Documentation that may be required my include x-rays, ASIA scale results, or
167:
muscle being assessed on a scale of 0 to 5. A 0 is for no muscle contraction. A 1 is for a flicker or trace of contraction in a muscle. A 2 is for active movement in a muscle with gravity eliminated. A 3 is for movement against gravity. A 4 is for active movement against gravity with some resistance. A 5 is for normal muscle movement.
111:
Performance wise, a 1999 study of discus throwers found that for F5 to F8 discus throwers, the upper arm tends to be near horizontal at the moment of release of the discus. F5 and F8 discus throwers have less average angular forearm speed than F2 and F4 throwers. F2 and F4 speed is caused by use of
130:
Two other sports people in this class participate in are wheelchair basketball and swimming. In the earliest medical classifications for wheelchair basketball, they would have been ineligible to play. Under the current classification system, they would likely be classified as a 4.5 point player. SP8
107:
Under the IPC Athletics classification system, this class competes in F42, F43, F44, and F58. Field events open to this class have included shot put, discus and javelin. In pentathlon, the events for this class have included Shot, Javelin, 200m, Discus, 1500m. For F8 javelin throwers, they can throw
62:
F8 is standing wheelchair sport class. The level of spinal cord injury for this class involves people who have incomplete lesions at a slightly higher level. This means they can sometimes bear weight on their legs. In 2002, USA Track & Field defined this class as, "These are standing athletes
83:
This class was historically merged in the 2000s with. The class was largely used in the United States for domestic competitions during the 2000s for standing wheelchair athletes. Initially, following changes made to the classification system internationally in this period, they were classified as
158:
Medical classification for wheelchair sport can consist of medical records being sent to medical classifiers at the international sports federation. The sportsperson's physician may be asked to provide extensive medical information including medical diagnosis and any loss of function related to
166:
One of the standard means of assessing functional classification is the bench test, which is used in swimming, lawn bowls and wheelchair fencing. Using the
Adapted Research Council measurements, muscle strength is tested using the bench press for a variety of spinal cord related injuries with a
79:
During the 1960s and 1970s, classification involved being examined in a supine position on an examination table, where multiple medical classifiers would often stand around the player, poke and prod their muscles with their hands and with pins. The system had no built in privacy safeguards and
37:
open to people with spinal cord injuries, with inclusion based on a functional classification on a points system for lower limb functionality. Sportspeople in this class need to have less than 70 points. The class has largely been used in
Australia and the United States. F8 has largely been
80:
players being classified were not insured privacy during medical classification nor with their medical records. In the early
Paralympic Games, this class would have been ineligible to participate in many cases because they did not meet minimum disability requirements set by the ISMGF.
112:
the elbow flexion to compensate for the shoulder flexion advantage of F5 to F8 throwers. A study of javelin throwers in 2003 found that F8 throwers have angular speeds of the shoulder girdle similar to that of F3, F4, F5, F6, F7 and F9 throwers.
38:
eliminated because of a perceived lack of need internationally for a standing wheelchair class. Sports this class participates in include athletics, swimming and wheelchair basketball. In athletics, participation is mostly in field events.
585:
488:
767:
637:
465:
361:
342:
84:
F59 for international purposes. Their class was then changed following international classification. Their new classification was then used domestically. Domestically, they were moved to the
1100:
596:
499:
774:
712:
922:
648:
678:
551:
236:
1093:
320:
1321:
729:
1203:
1086:
524:
147:
Classification is often sport specific, and has two parts: a medical classification process and a functional classification process.
760:
620:
Tweedy, S. M. (2003). The ICF and
Classification in Disability Athletics. In R. Madden, S. Bricknell, C. Sykes and L. York (Ed.),
1290:
1133:
1188:
1193:
1249:
1198:
1041:
125:
448:
Chow, J. W., & Mindock, L. A. (1999). Discus throwing performances and medical classification of wheelchair athletes.
1352:
1316:
1295:
1275:
1270:
1208:
1143:
1138:
1280:
1234:
1229:
1213:
1331:
1326:
1254:
1109:
804:
783:
34:
686:
270:
143:
A sample medical classification form. Sportspeople would need some form of this sent to a classification panel.
131:
swimmers can be found in IPC classes of S8, S9 and S10. They have a normalized drag in the range of 0.6 to 0.7.
1168:
1123:
467:
Chapter 4. 4 - Position
Statement on background and scientific rationale for classification in Paralympic sport
363:
Chapter 4. 4 - Position
Statement on background and scientific rationale for classification in Paralympic sport
344:
Chapter 4. 4 - Position
Statement on background and scientific rationale for classification in Paralympic sport
1311:
1244:
1153:
866:
292:"Special Section Adaptations to USA Track & Field Rules of Competition for Individuals with Disabilities"
102:
1285:
1183:
1178:
1173:
976:
216:
National
Governing Body for Athletics of Wheelchair Sports, USA. Chapter 2: Competition Rules for Athletics
139:
121:
1163:
1148:
936:
402:"Kinematic Analysis of Javelin Throw Performed by Wheelchair Athletes of Different Functional Classes"
560:
245:
108:
the javelin from a standing position and they use a javelin that weights .8 kilograms (1.8 lb).
1158:
291:
1239:
328:
160:
154:
A standard bench press form used to for functional classification for wheelchair sportspeople.
1128:
793:
380:
214:
71:
1027:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
528:
525:"Simplified Rules of Wheelchair Basketball and a Brief Guide to the Classification system"
8:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
852:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
85:
20:
426:
401:
88:
class because of a perceived lack internationally to have a standing wheelchair class.
431:
413:
1067:
421:
150:
46:
1078:
752:
54:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
19:
This article is about the wheelchair sport classification. For other uses, see
1346:
417:
184:
435:
559:(in European Spanish). Spain: Consejo Superior de Deportes. Archived from
244:(in European Spanish). Spain: Consejo Superior de Deportes. Archived from
75:
The original ISMGF classification system used at early
Paralympic Games.
584:
Tim-Taek, Oh; Osborough, Conor; Burkett, Brendan; Payton, Carl (2015).
487:
Tim-Taek, Oh; Osborough, Conor; Burkett, Brendan; Payton, Carl (2015).
586:"Consideration of Passive Drag in IPC Swimming Classification System"
489:"Consideration of Passive Drag in IPC Swimming Classification System"
624:(pp. 82-88)Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.
50:
Functional profile of a wheelchair sportsperson in the F8 class.
583:
486:
400:
Chow, John W.; Kuenster, Ann F.; Lim, Young-tae (2003-06-01).
549:
321:"Para-Athlete (AWD) entry form – NSW PSSA Track & Field"
234:
713:"IWF Rules for Competition, Book 4 – Classification Rules"
622:
ICF Australian User Guide, Version 1.0, Disability Series
269:
Foster, Mikayla; Loveridge, Kyle; Turley, Cami (2013).
268:
595:. International Paralympic Committee. Archived from
498:. International Paralympic Committee. Archived from
473:. International Paralympic Committee. December 2009.
452:(9), 1272-1279. doi:10.1097/00005768-199909000-00007
369:. International Paralympic Committee. December 2009.
350:. International Paralympic Committee. December 2009.
174:
1108:
782:
58:
A profile of disability type of an F8 sportsperson.
450:Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,31
386:. Gaelic Athletics & Cycle Association. 2006.
1344:
318:
399:
219:. United States: Wheelchair Sports, USA. 2003.
1094:
768:
395:
393:
1101:
1087:
775:
761:
381:"Official Guide & Rules of Games 2006"
425:
390:
406:Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
149:
138:
70:
53:
45:
706:
704:
673:
671:
669:
517:
460:
458:
1345:
632:
630:
482:
480:
1082:
756:
550:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011).
235:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011).
230:
228:
226:
209:
207:
205:
203:
201:
199:
197:
195:
134:
710:
701:
666:
577:
543:
455:
325:New South Wales Department of Sports
314:
312:
310:
308:
126:Wheelchair basketball classification
627:
477:
13:
614:
373:
354:
223:
192:
14:
1364:
335:
305:
792:
177:
1110:Disability sport classification
784:Wheelchair sport classification
722:
527:. Cardiff Celts. Archived from
442:
115:
35:wheelchair sport classification
16:Wheelchair sport classification
284:
262:
1:
170:
103:Para-athletics classification
41:
683:International Disabled Bowls
122:Para-swimming classification
96:
7:
10:
1369:
1353:Parasports classifications
553:Deportistas sin Adjectivos
238:Deportistas sin Adjectivos
119:
100:
66:
18:
1304:
1263:
1222:
1116:
1036:
971:
931:
861:
799:
790:
730:"Medical Diagnostic Form"
319:Sydney East PSSA (2016).
91:
1322:Intellectual disability
161:Modified Ashworth Scale
711:IWAS (20 March 2011).
638:"Classification Guide"
278:Therapeutic Recreation
155:
144:
76:
59:
51:
1250:Wheelchair basketball
1042:Wheelchair basketball
299:USA Track & Field
153:
142:
74:
57:
49:
271:"Spinal Cord Injury"
1296:Wheelchair curling
1276:Para-nordic skiing
1271:Para-alpine skiing
1209:Wheelchair fencing
689:on August 16, 2016
679:"Bench Press Form"
645:Swimming Australia
602:on August 16, 2016
505:on August 16, 2016
156:
145:
135:Getting classified
77:
60:
52:
1340:
1339:
1281:Para-snowboarding
1235:Football 7-a-side
1230:Football 5-a-side
1214:Wheelchair tennis
1117:Individual Sports
1076:
1075:
1360:
1332:Wheelchair sport
1305:Disability types
1255:Wheelchair rugby
1103:
1096:
1089:
1080:
1079:
1068:4.5 point player
796:
777:
770:
763:
754:
753:
748:
747:
745:
743:
734:
726:
720:
719:
717:
708:
699:
698:
696:
694:
685:. Archived from
675:
664:
663:
661:
659:
654:on June 15, 2016
653:
647:. Archived from
642:
634:
625:
618:
612:
611:
609:
607:
601:
593:VISTA Conference
590:
581:
575:
574:
572:
571:
565:
558:
547:
541:
540:
538:
536:
521:
515:
514:
512:
510:
504:
496:VISTA Conference
493:
484:
475:
474:
472:
462:
453:
446:
440:
439:
429:
397:
388:
387:
385:
377:
371:
370:
368:
358:
352:
351:
349:
339:
333:
332:
327:. Archived from
316:
303:
302:
296:
288:
282:
281:
275:
266:
260:
259:
257:
256:
250:
243:
232:
221:
220:
211:
187:
182:
181:
180:
33:, is a standing
1368:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1300:
1259:
1218:
1169:Para-equestrian
1139:Disability golf
1124:Adaptive rowing
1112:
1107:
1077:
1072:
1032:
967:
927:
857:
797:
786:
781:
751:
741:
739:
732:
728:
727:
723:
715:
709:
702:
692:
690:
677:
676:
667:
657:
655:
651:
640:
636:
635:
628:
619:
615:
605:
603:
599:
588:
582:
578:
569:
567:
563:
556:
548:
544:
534:
532:
523:
522:
518:
508:
506:
502:
491:
485:
478:
470:
464:
463:
456:
447:
443:
398:
391:
383:
379:
378:
374:
366:
360:
359:
355:
347:
341:
340:
336:
317:
306:
294:
290:
289:
285:
273:
267:
263:
254:
252:
248:
241:
233:
224:
213:
212:
193:
183:
178:
176:
173:
137:
128:
118:
105:
99:
94:
69:
44:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1366:
1356:
1355:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1317:Cerebral palsy
1314:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1245:Sitting volley
1242:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1154:Para-athletics
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1063:4 point player
1060:
1058:3 point player
1055:
1053:2 point player
1050:
1048:1 point player
1045:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
972:
969:
968:
966:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
932:
929:
928:
926:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
862:
859:
858:
856:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
809:
808:
800:
798:
791:
788:
787:
780:
779:
772:
765:
757:
750:
749:
721:
700:
665:
626:
613:
576:
542:
531:on 6 June 2011
516:
476:
454:
441:
389:
372:
353:
334:
331:on 2016-09-28.
304:
283:
261:
222:
190:
189:
188:
172:
169:
136:
133:
117:
114:
98:
95:
93:
90:
68:
65:
43:
40:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1365:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1291:Sledge racing
1289:
1287:
1286:Sledge hockey
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:Winter Sports
1262:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:Paratriathlon
1182:
1180:
1179:Para-swimming
1177:
1175:
1174:Para-shooting
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
978:
974:
973:
970:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
938:
934:
933:
930:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
868:
864:
863:
860:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
807:
806:
802:
801:
795:
789:
785:
778:
773:
771:
766:
764:
759:
758:
755:
738:
731:
725:
714:
707:
705:
688:
684:
680:
674:
672:
670:
650:
646:
639:
633:
631:
623:
617:
598:
594:
587:
580:
566:on 2016-11-04
562:
555:
554:
546:
530:
526:
520:
501:
497:
490:
483:
481:
469:
468:
461:
459:
451:
445:
437:
433:
428:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
396:
394:
382:
376:
365:
364:
357:
346:
345:
338:
330:
326:
322:
315:
313:
311:
309:
300:
293:
287:
279:
272:
265:
251:on 2016-11-04
247:
240:
239:
231:
229:
227:
218:
217:
210:
208:
206:
204:
202:
200:
198:
196:
191:
186:
185:Sports portal
175:
168:
164:
162:
152:
148:
141:
132:
127:
123:
113:
109:
104:
89:
87:
81:
73:
64:
56:
48:
39:
36:
32:
28:
22:
1204:Table tennis
1189:Powerlifting
1164:Para-cycling
1149:Para-archery
1040:
975:
935:
865:
847:
803:
740:. Retrieved
736:
724:
691:. Retrieved
687:the original
682:
656:. Retrieved
649:the original
644:
621:
616:
604:. Retrieved
597:the original
592:
579:
568:. Retrieved
561:the original
552:
545:
533:. Retrieved
529:the original
519:
507:. Retrieved
500:the original
495:
466:
449:
444:
412:(2): 36–46.
409:
405:
375:
362:
356:
343:
337:
329:the original
324:
298:
286:
277:
264:
253:. Retrieved
246:the original
237:
215:
165:
157:
146:
129:
116:Other sports
110:
106:
82:
78:
61:
30:
26:
25:
1312:Amputations
1223:Team Sports
1194:Racquetball
535:22 November
1327:Les Autres
570:2016-07-28
255:2016-07-28
171:References
120:See also:
101:See also:
42:Definition
1159:Paracanoe
867:Athletics
418:1303-2968
97:Athletics
1347:Category
1240:Goalball
977:Swimming
742:July 30,
693:July 29,
658:June 24,
606:July 24,
509:July 24,
436:24616609
163:scores.
1199:Sailing
937:Cycling
805:General
427:3938047
301:. 2002.
67:History
29:, also
1129:Boccia
434:
424:
416:
92:Sports
1134:Bowls
733:(PDF)
716:(PDF)
652:(PDF)
641:(PDF)
600:(PDF)
589:(PDF)
564:(PDF)
557:(PDF)
503:(PDF)
492:(PDF)
471:(PDF)
384:(PDF)
367:(PDF)
348:(PDF)
295:(PDF)
274:(PDF)
249:(PDF)
242:(PDF)
1144:Judo
744:2016
737:IWAS
695:2016
660:2016
608:2016
537:2011
511:2016
432:PMID
414:ISSN
124:and
1028:S10
923:T58
918:T57
913:T56
908:T55
903:T54
898:T53
893:T52
888:T51
883:T44
878:T43
873:T42
422:PMC
31:SP8
1349::
1023:S9
1018:S8
1013:S7
1008:S6
1003:S5
998:S4
993:S3
988:S2
983:S1
963:H5
958:H4
953:H3
948:H2
943:H1
853:F9
848:F8
843:F7
838:F6
833:F5
828:F4
823:F3
818:F2
813:F1
735:.
703:^
681:.
668:^
643:.
629:^
591:.
494:.
479:^
457:^
430:.
420:.
408:.
404:.
392:^
323:.
307:^
297:.
276:.
225:^
194:^
86:F9
27:F8
21:F8
1102:e
1095:t
1088:v
776:e
769:t
762:v
746:.
718:.
697:.
662:.
610:.
573:.
539:.
513:.
438:.
410:2
280:.
258:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
