Oral and maxillofacial surgery

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maxillofacial surgery includes the treatment of complex dental surgery, including wisdom tooth removal, dental implant, craniomaxillofacial trauma, Orofacial pain (trigeminal neuralgia) and jaw joint pain (Temporomandibular disorder(TMD) or TMJ Pain) management, jaw joint(TMJ) replacement for TMJ ankylosis and deformed jaw joint cases, Lefort-3 distraction for Craniosynostosis case, jaw tumor and cyst removal surgery, head and neck cancer, facial aesthetic like rhinoplasty, eye and ear plastic surgery, Facial cosmetic surgery, microvascular surgery, and cleft and craniomaxillofacial surgery. In India, a Maxillofacial surgeon is considered one of the required members of the emergency team. Almost 20-25% of trauma patients usually have sustained facial trauma, and that needs urgent opinion and primary management that can be better managed by Maxillofacial experts.

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Surgeons, the first two years of coursework at the new college were fully unified with Columbia's College of Physicians and Surgeons, of which Hasbrouck was an 1894 graduate. Students devoted their entire second two years to specialization in surgery at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, which provided extraordinary preparation for the possibility of post-graduate residency training in oral surgery. Hasbrouck was notable in the specialty for having received both a dental and medical degree prior to 1895. His father, oral surgeon, Ferdinand Hasbrouck, discussed above, was a pioneer in

1263:, MBBS, MBChB) or research degree (e.g., MS, MSc, MPhil, MDS, MSD, MDSc, DClinDent, DSc, DMSc, PhD). Both four– and six–year graduates are designated US "Board Eligible" and those who earn "Board Certification" are Diplomats. Approximately 50% of the training programs in the US and 66% of Canadian training programs are "dual-degree." The typical total length of education and training, post-secondary school is 12 to 14 years. Beyond these years, some sub-specialize, adding an additional 1-2 year fellowship. 45: 665:, proposed naming the state produced "anesthesia", and the procedure an "anesthetic." Holmes wrote to Morton, "Everybody wants to have a hand in a great discovery. All I will do is to give a hint or two as to names—or the name—to be applied to the state produced and the agent. The state should, I think, be called 'Anaesthesia.' This signifies insensibility—more particularly ... to objects of touch." Holmes added poetically that the new term "will be repeated by the 904:, D.D.S., D.M.D., D.D.S./M.D., D.M.D./M.D., D.M.D./Ph.D. or D.D.S./Ph.D. Still, it is the completion of an oral and maxillofacial residency training program and corresponding certificate of specialty training that confers surgical specialty status and board eligibility, not the surgeon's professional degree or degree combination. Analogously, it is a certificate of specialty training and board eligibility that satisfies state licensure requirements to administer 4240: 4270: 646:. Massachusetts General Hospital views the demonstration as among the institution's most significant claims to fame. Upon the successful completion of Dr. Morton's demonstration, Dr. Warren famously proclaimed to the crowded, astonished and elated amphitheater, what would become likely the most famous words in modern medicine, "Gentlemen, this is no humbug." Indeed, the event marked the beginning of modern anesthesia and surgical practice. 4280: 4260: 4250: 330:

In the EU, OMFS is defined within Directive 2005/36 on professional qualifications (updated 2021). The two OMFS specialties are 'dual degree' dental, oral, and maxillofacial surgery (DOMFS) and 'single medical degree' maxillofacial surgery (MFS). In some cases a dental degree may be required to enter

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Plastic Surgery. Over time, the exclusive organization began to elect a small number of non-oral surgeon members, the first of which was legendary general surgeon Dr. Vilray Blair of Washington University in St. Louis. The organization became the American Association of Plastic Surgeons in 1921. At

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In other countries, oral and maxillofacial surgery as a specialty exists but under different forms, as the work is sometimes performed by a single or dual qualified specialist depending on each country's regulations and training opportunities available. In several countries, oral and maxillofacial

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In mainland Europe, its status, including whether or not oral surgery, maxillofacial surgery and stomatology are considered separate specialties, varies by country. The required qualifications (medical degree, dental degree, or both, as well as the required internship and residency programs) also

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The popularity of oral and maxillofacial surgery as a career for persons whose first degree was medicine, not dentistry, seems to be increasing. At least one program (University of Alabama at Birmingham) exists that allows highly qualified candidates whose first degree is in medicine, to earn the

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in 1905. Dr. Kazanjian was Professor of Clinical Oral Surgery at Harvard from 1922 to 1941 when he was named Harvard's first Professor of Plastic Surgery. Dr. Kazanjian was instrumental in plastic surgery's formal recognition as an independent surgical specialty in 1941. Dr. Kazanjian joined the

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and plastic surgery's recognition in 1941 as a surgical specialty in the United States. In the early 1900s, plastic surgery was founded by a professional organization of oral surgeons with elite training and an interest in plastic and reconstructive surgery, the American Association of Oral and

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and extracted teeth from the corpus of the tumor. As Cleveland recovered from nitrous oxide, Dr. Hasbrouck began the administration of ether for the remainder of the procedure as he and the team performed the tumor surgery. The procedure was a milestone for the practice of anesthesia. Ferdinand

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oral and maxillofacial surgeon, Dr. James F. Hasbrouck, interested in the development of the surgical specialty in New York, was among the founders of the Columbia University College of Dental and Oral Surgery in 1916. In keeping with the ideals of the American Association of Oral and Plastic

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In Australia and New Zealand, oral and maxillofacial surgery is recognised as both a specialty of medicine and dentistry. Degrees in both medicine and dentistry are compulsory prior to being accepted for surgical training. The scope of practice is broad and there is the ability to undertake

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D.D.S. (Doctor of Dental Surgery) and D.M.D. (Doctor of Medicine in Dentistry or Doctor of Dental Medicine) are the same degrees. D.M.D. and D.D.S. represent the same education. The letters used are a function of university discretion, both degrees represent an identical curriculum, set of

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Oral and maxillofacial surgery, also known as OMFS, is a branch recognized by DCI (Dental Council of India) in countries such as India. In India, becoming a maxillofacial surgeon requires a five-year dental degree followed by three years of post-graduate specialisation. In India, oral and

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to Harvard medical students at the same venue. In one of the most important and well documented events in American medical history, Morton was invited to Massachusetts General Hospital to demonstrate his technique for painless surgery. After Morton had induced anesthesia, Dr.

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In the U.S., oral and maxillofacial surgeons, whether possessing a single or dual degree, may further specialize after residency, undergoing additional one or two year sub-specialty oral and maxillofacial surgery fellowship training in the following areas:

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First Harvard Unit, serving with the British Forces in WWI, establishing the first dental and maxillofacial clinic in France, handling more than 3,000 cases of severe wounds to the face and jaws. He was honored for his surgical advances by British monarch

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In Pakistan, OMFS is recognized as specialty of dentistry which requires FCPS from CPSP after 4 years BDS degree and a one-year housejob. The candidate has to pass FCPS-1 in order to commence his/her training followed by PGMI Exam(not in all cases).

2583: 1316:) was founded in May, 2013 to define an international standard for specialists in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeons may appear for international board certification examination after completion of surgical training. 2112: 2609: 2341: 801:, plastic surgery's premier peer-reviewed academic journal and the American Association of Oral and Plastic Surgeons and served as its president. In 1919, New York City oral and maxillofacial surgeon, Dr. Armin Wald, an 1896 graduate of 346:

In Asia, oral and maxillofacial surgery is also recognized as a dental specialty and requires a degree in dentistry prior to surgical residency training. The Canadian model is the same as the model used in the United States of America.

2418: 2900:"204E00000X Taxonomy Code | Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (D.M.D.) | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians | Healthcare Provider Taxonomy Code Set | Medical Coding Library | www.HIPAASpace.com © 2023" 2315: 2511: 416:, formally designated as a dental specialty. A professional dental degree is required, a qualification in medicine may be undertaken optionally during residency training. In this respect, oral and maxillofacial surgery is 559:(AAOMS) is the chief professional organization representing the roughly 9,000 oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the United States. The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons publishes the peer-reviewed 1731: 1325:

In addition, single and dual qualified graduates of oral and maxillofacial surgery training programs can pursue post-residency sub-specialty fellowships, typically 1–2 years in length, in the following areas:

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Since 2019, Norway switched from dual degree requirement for Maxillofacial Surgery to medical degree only. Similarly, Sweden has started several Maxillofacial Surgery training programs for medical graduates.

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Oral and maxillofacial surgery is an internationally recognized surgical specialty. Oral and maxillofacial surgery is formally designated as either a medical, dental or dual (medical and dental) specialty.

1821: 1769: 324:. Intercollegiate Board Certification is provided through the JCIE, and is the same as Plastic Surgery, ENT, General Surgery, Orthopaedics, Paediatric Surgery, Neurosurgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery. 2367: 267:/pediatric maxillofacial surgery, including cleft lip and palate surgery and trans-cranial craniofacial surgery including Fronto-Orbital Advancement and Remodelling (FOAR) and total vault remodelling 571:

In the U.S., oral and maxillofacial surgeons are required to undergo five months of intensive general anesthesia training. An additional month of pediatric anesthesia training is also required. The

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required dental degree, so as to qualify for entrance into oral and maxillofacial residency training programs and ultimately achieve board eligibility and certification in the surgical specialty.

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Cranio-maxillofacial trauma, including zygomatic (cheek bone), orbital (eye socket), mandibular and nasal fractures as well as facial soft tissue lacerations and penetrating neck injuries

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J. Gigliotti, N. Makhoul: Demographics, training satisfaction, and career plans of Canadian oral and maxillofacial surgery residents. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2015; 44: 1574–1580.

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The FRCS (Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons) is the specialist exam at the end of surgical training, and is required to work as a Consultant Surgeon in Maxillofacial Surgery.

869:. Globally, the role of oral and maxillofacial surgery was also profound in the founding of plastic surgery: outside the United States, fathers of plastic surgery include London based 845:. Hasbrouck's and Wald's sons, Theodore F. Hasbrouck and Arthur H. Wald both graduated from Columbia's College of Dental and Oral Surgery in 1937. Arthur Wald made further advances in 579:

which specifies qualified anesthesia personnel and practitioners as anesthesiologists, anesthesiology fellows, anesthesiology residents, and oral and maxillofacial surgery residents.

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emerged in the early 1990s in the United States. Typically, Six-year residency programs grant the specialty certificate and an additional degree such as a medical degree (e.g.,

2907: 825: 424:. Oral and maxillofacial surgery requires an extensive 4-6 year surgical residency training covering the U.S. specialty's scope of practice: surgery of the oral cavity, 2877: 1302:

Some colleges offer membership or fellowships in oral/maxillofacial surgery: MOralSurg RCS, M(OMS) RCPS, FFD RCSI, FEBOS, FACOMS, FFD RCS, FAMS, FCDSHK, FCMFOS (SA)

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Board certification in the U.S. is governed by the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (ABOMS). Oral and maxillofacial surgery is among the fourteen

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Oral and maxillofacial surgery's stature and clout in university hospitals can be traced to its plenary role in the development of modern medicine and surgery.

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In the United States, a close educational and professional relationship between oral and maxillofacial surgery and anesthesiology persists to the present day.

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for the procedure. For political reasons, Cleveland did not want the public to know about his condition. The operation was performed in secret on the yacht

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Following residency training, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, whether single or dual degree, have the option of undergoing 1-2 year surgical sub-specialty

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After completion of surgical training most undertake final specialty examinations: US: "Board Certified (ABOMS)", Australia/NZ: FRACDS, or Canada: "FRCDC"

2681: 2979: 2049: 234:, head and neck as well as associated structures. Depending upon the national jurisdiction, oral and maxillofacial surgery may require a degree in 3015: 1999: 793:

is named after him. Ivy is considered a pioneer and father of the modern practice of plastic surgery. Ivy was influenced by Dr. Vilray Blair of

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surgery is a specialty recognized by a professional association, as is the case with the Dental Council of India, American Dental Association,

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In Poland, Maxillofacial Surgery has always been dominated by dentists and still the majority of current OMFS trainees are dental graduates.

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Randall, Peter; McCarthy, Joseph G.; Wray, Christie R. (May 1996). "History of the American Association of Plastic Surgeons, 1921-1996".

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was among the first practitioners to succeed in the regular and commercial use of anesthesia in private surgical practice. In 1893, U.S.

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was diagnosed with an intraoral tumor. The President chose Dr. Hasbrouck to serve among his team of surgeons and simultaneously as

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programs grant a certificate of specialty training in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Six year programs granting an optional

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In the US, Australia and South Africa, Oral and maxillofacial surgery is one of the ten dental specialties recognized by the

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Both single and dual qualified oral and maxillofacial surgeons may obtain fellowship with the American College of Surgeons (

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In the UK, Oral and maxillofacial surgery is one of the ten medical specialties, requiring MRCS and FRCS examinations.

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A number of notable philanthropic organizations provide humanitarian oral and maxillofacial surgery around the globe.

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Oral and maxillofacial surgery is intellectually and physically demanding and is among the most highly compensated

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specialty training but in all cases the medical degree must be obtained before starting OMFS specialty training.

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with a degree in medicine and an additional degree in dentistry being compulsory. The scope of practice is mainly

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Unique among surgical specialists in the U.S., oral and maxillofacial surgeons are trained to administer

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Chambers, James Alan; Ray, Peter Damian (November 2009). "Achieving Growth and Excellence in Medicine".

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Immediately following the demonstration, in a congratulatory letter to Dr. William Thomas Green Morton,

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was the first to use anesthesia, but with limited success. On 16 October 1846, Boston oral surgeon, Dr.

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soft and hard tissue trauma of the oral and maxillofacial region (jaw fractures, cheek bone fractures,

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In 1945, oral and maxillofacial surgeon, Dr. Niels Jorgensen was first to develop intravenous moderate

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Maxillofacial regeneration, which is re-formation of the facial region by advanced stem cell technique

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and pediatric maxillofacial surgery (cleft lip and palate repair, surgery for craniosynostosis, etc.)

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Ether Day: The Strange Tale of America's Greatest Medical Discovery and The Haunted Men Who Made It

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The Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, 1916–2016: A Dental School on University Lines

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subspecialty fellowships in areas such as head and neck surgery and microvascular reconstruction.

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The International Board for the Certification of Specialists in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (

30:"Facial reconstruction" redirects here. For the process of visualizing a face from a skull, see 3532: 3480: 2716: 1133: 1078: 606: 441: 164: 2021: 1919: 4183: 4069: 4042: 4015: 3967: 3921: 3616: 3365: 3279: 3224: 1030: 689: 635: 508: 309:, skin cancer, facial deformity, cleft lip and palate, craniofacial surgery, TMJ surgery and 4203: 4163: 4030: 3844: 3839: 3819: 3754: 3606: 3259: 1645: 1472: 1432: 1412: 1402: 1345: 1330: 1281: 1252: 1137: 1117: 1074: 1026: 1008: 992: 956: 924:

Oral and maxillofacial surgery is assigned Health Care Provider Taxonomy Code: 204E00000X

540: 524: 512: 501: 477: 469: 421: 302: 294: 290: 270: 264: 152: 3325: 1527: 8: 4283: 4225: 4208: 3867: 3584: 3355: 3300: 3274: 2810:"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Permits - Licensed Dentists - Dental Board of California" 1496: 837: 699: 593:

In the specialty's infancy, dental and oral surgeons were plenary in the introduction of

2206: 1987: 4173: 4130: 4120: 3909: 3862: 3829: 3824: 3574: 3552: 3426: 3370: 3360: 3330: 3315: 2791: 2648: 2152: 2135: 1482: 1293: 1285: 1260: 1256: 1093: 972: 905: 882: 746: 742: 583: 493: 3295: 2550: 2066: 766:. Kazanjian served as an early president of American Association of Plastic Surgeons. 4269: 4243: 4125: 4095: 4074: 4037: 4020: 3935: 3899: 3889: 3784: 3704: 3648: 3611: 3596: 3537: 3504: 3473: 3350: 3249: 3219: 3214: 2783: 2736: 2501: 2272: 2268: 2229: 2225: 2175: 2157: 2102: 1991: 1952: 1945: 1923: 1912: 1486: 1313: 1126: 976: 3054: 2840:"Elective Cosmetic Surgery Permits - Licensed Dentists - Dental Board of California" 2795: 2732: 2652: 698:

Hasbrouck's son, James F. Hasbrouck, discussed below, was among the founders of the

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Ziskin, Daniel E.; Wald, Arthur (1938). "Observations on Electrical Pulp Testing".

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training – Some programs integrate an additional degree such as: a

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Gupta, Niodita; Vujicic, Marko; Munson, Bradley; Nasseh, Kamyar (February 2017).

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Atlas and diagrams of the surgical procedure and photographs of the tumor, p.26.

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in the Long Island Sound, NY. Dr. Hasbrouck, induced President Cleveland with

638:. The demonstration was performed in the surgical amphitheater now called the 4298: 4188: 3977: 3972: 3834: 3774: 3677: 3416: 3239: 3158: 2364:"Index of the Periodical Dental Literature Published in the English Language" 1506: 1491: 1452: 1437: 1422: 1351: 1248: 1247:

Residency training programs are either four or six years in duration. In the

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Dr. Ferdinand Hasbrouck, a New York oral surgeon and an 1870 graduate of the

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Oral and maxillofacial surgery stands as a pillar of the modern practice of

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Oncology head and neck surgery with free flap microvascular reconstruction

4052: 3997: 3894: 3749: 3724: 3542: 3421: 3269: 3234: 2682:"GRAFTING: Fibrin Foam and Thrombin as Used in the Surgical the Mandible" 1627: 1477: 1417: 1364: 1170: 1156: 1089: 1034: 1020: 988: 980: 968: 964: 718: 473: 453: 231: 219: 179: 128: 3016:"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Program - School of Dentistry" 4140: 4025: 3992: 3764: 3714: 3699: 3694: 3687: 3672: 3662: 3401: 3244: 3163: 1442: 1266:

The typical training program for an oral and maxillofacial surgeon is:

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in the resection of large and rare mandibular tumors. He served in the

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https://issuu.com/auamarketing/docs/brochuredesign1?e=2876235/79816035

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In the United States and globally, treatments may be performed on the

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In countries such as the UK and most of Europe, it is recognised as a

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in the United States with a 2008 average annual income of $ 568,968.

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founder of the modern practice of plastic surgery. He graduated from

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pioneered plastic surgery and is considered to be a founder, if not,

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In the United States, oral and maxillofacial surgery is a recognized

239: 2534: 2207:"History of the American Association of Plastic Surgeons, 1921-1996" 3719: 3496: 3209: 2136:"Dentists and anesthesia: historical and contemporary perspectives" 1178: 948: 909: 854: 759: 706: 650: 598: 587: 497: 235: 2539:

International Journal of Orthodontia, Oral Surgery and Radiography

2441:"Annual Register of the Officers and Students of Columbia College" 1571: 849:

in oral, plastic and reconstructive surgery with the early use of

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Cutanous malignancy/skin cancer surgery of head and neck surgery

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Randall, Peter; McCarthy, Joseph G.; Wray, R. Christie (1996).

1702:"American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | ABOMS" 1109: 1053: 912:, not the surgeon's professional degree or degree combination. 850: 817:. Wald was influenced by his father, Henry Wald, M.D., an 1872 1354:(soft tissue and skeletal injuries to the face, head and neck) 916:

educational requirements and level of educational attainment.

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2–4 years undergraduate study (BS, BA, or equivalent degrees)

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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

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International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act taxonomy

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are licensed to do so in both hospital and office settings.

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focuses on correcting cleft lips and palates in children.

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American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

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American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

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intravenously, was widely accepted and first taught at

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American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

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In the UK, Maxillofacial surgery is a specialty of the

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British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

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British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

1972:"Ferdinand Hasbrouck's Nitrous Oxide Caper—Which One?" 1846:"Statement from American Society of Anesthesiologists" 769:

Another founder and god-father of plastic surgery was

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University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine

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University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine

2254: 2204: 936:: mouth, jaws, face, neck, and skull, and include: 395:and Brazilian Federal Council of Odontology (CFO). 3143: 1944: 1911: 206:An oral and maxillofacial surgeon is a specialist 3104:American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2468:Supreme Court Appellate Division First Department 4296: 2715:Weiner, Leonard; Wald, Arthur H. (1 June 1946). 1632:American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 1184:Surgery to insert osseointegrated (bone fused) 2721:The Journal of the American Dental Association 1762:"Information about Waivers for ACS Fellowship" 1646:"Information about Waivers for ACS Fellowship" 1628:"Become a Board Certified Doctor | ABOMS" 789:. The inter-maxillary fixation technique, the 781:graduate, developed the surgical treatment of 198:including cleft lip and cleft palate surgery. 3481: 3129: 2366:. American Dental Association. 7 March 1922. 1238:Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons 799:Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 702:College of Dental and Oral Surgeons in 1916. 550: 52:The examples and perspective in this article 1033:as well as management of facial trauma, and 368: 284: 2765: 1288:(MS, MDS, MSc, MClinDent, MScDent, MDent), 407: 3770:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility 3488: 3474: 3136: 3122: 2714: 2679: 2630: 2494:Spikes, Judith Doolin (24 November 2003). 1321:Surgical sub-specialty fellowship training 1144:, surgical correction of facial asymmetry. 4111:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery 3443:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 3109:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2532: 2151: 2094: 1910:Fenster, J. M. (2001). "Power Struggle". 1216: 1188:and maxillofacial implants for attaching 865:and owned a cosmetic practice in midtown 561:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 90:Learn how and when to remove this message 1875: 1873: 1371:focusing on childhood facial deformity. 1132:Orthognathic (literally "straight jaw") 1112:and cranial vault malformations such as 819:University of Vienna Faculty of Medicine 803:New York University College of Dentistry 795:Washington University School of Medicine 723:Loma Linda University School of Medicine 2680:Weiner, L.; Wald, A. H. (2 July 1947). 2533:Hasbrouck, James F. (1 November 1922). 2095:Formicola, Allan J. (11 October 2016). 2090: 2088: 1909: 1822:"Statement on the Anesthesia Care Team" 731: 653:and later Harvard Medical School Dean, 391:, Royal College of Dentists of Canada, 14: 4297: 3061:from the original on 22 September 2017 2493: 2133: 999:, injectable cosmetic treatments like 927: 745:, oral and maxillofacial surgeon, Dr. 621:gave a successful demonstration using 534: 393:Royal Australasian College of Surgeons 389:Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh 322:Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh 3469: 3117: 2402:Columbia University School of Nursing 1969: 1942: 1879: 1870: 1676:AAOMS Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 821:graduate and preceptor in surgery at 577:Statement on the Anesthesia Care Team 573:American Society of Anesthesiologists 492:and, uniquely, the administration of 4249: 4010:Physical medicine and rehabilitation 3189:Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture 2996:from the original on 27 January 2024 2415:"New York State Journal of Medicine" 2085: 1732:"What are the surgical specialties?" 1169:surgery (surgery to remove impacted 896:While a professional dental degree, 877:and his French mentor, the renowned 762:, who invested him Companion to the 385:Royal College of Surgeons of England 318:Royal College of Surgeons of England 163:is a surgical specialty focusing on 38: 4259: 2929:Health Care Provider Taxonomy, p.41 1988:10.1097/01.anes.0000480997.76049.d1 1448:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction 1234:Royal College of Dentists of Canada 1029:, surgical treatment/correction of 24: 4146:Medical Scientist Training Program 2820:from the original on 20 April 2020 2686:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2257:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2214:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 1858:from the original on 6 August 2020 1652:from the original on 6 August 2020 891: 663:Supreme Court of the United States 341: 25: 4326: 3077: 2910:from the original on 7 March 2023 2880:from the original on 7 March 2023 2850:from the original on 12 July 2024 2747:from the original on 12 July 2024 2696:from the original on 11 June 2020 2612:from the original on 12 July 2024 2586:from the original on 12 July 2024 2557:from the original on 10 June 2020 2514:from the original on 12 July 2024 2475:from the original on 12 July 2024 2447:from the original on 12 July 2024 2421:from the original on 12 July 2024 2370:from the original on 12 July 2024 2344:from the original on 12 July 2024 2243:from the original on 12 July 2024 2115:from the original on 12 July 2024 2073:from the original on 7 March 2023 2028:from the original on 13 June 2020 2002:from the original on 13 June 2020 1888:from the original on 12 July 2024 1802:from the original on 12 July 2024 1772:from the original on 7 March 2023 1742:from the original on 7 March 2023 1608:from the original on 12 July 2024 1578:from the original on 12 July 2024 1534:from the original on 12 July 2024 764:Order of St Michael and St George 755:Harvard School of Dental Medicine 669:of every civilized of mankind." 245: 4278: 4268: 4258: 4248: 4239: 4238: 3194:Oral and maxillofacial pathology 2959:from the original on 14 May 2021 2318:from the original on 5 June 2020 2312:collections.countway.harvard.edu 2269:10.1097/00006534-199605000-00027 2226:10.1097/00006534-199605000-00027 2186:from the original on 4 June 2020 1712:from the original on 13 May 2020 1682:from the original on 13 May 2020 1408:Oral and maxillofacial pathology 1292:(PhD, DMSc, DClinDent, DSc), or 43: 4279: 3047: 3038: 3026:from the original on 1 May 2024 3008: 2989:. The Health Policy Institute. 2971: 2941: 2922: 2892: 2862: 2832: 2802: 2759: 2733:10.14219/jada.archive.1946.0270 2708: 2673: 2659: 2624: 2598: 2526: 2487: 2459: 2433: 2407: 2382: 2356: 2330: 2300: 2198: 2168: 2127: 2059: 2040: 2014: 1963: 1943:Small, Miriam Rossiter (1963). 1936: 1838: 1814: 1784: 1754: 709:. His technique, administering 127:, hard and soft tissues of the 4305:Oral and maxillofacial surgery 4136:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine 3570:Oral and maxillofacial surgery 3145:Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2396:and among the founders of the 1724: 1694: 1664: 1638: 1620: 1590: 1564: 1546: 1520: 879:oral and maxillofacial surgeon 611:Massachusetts General Hospital 601:and the development of modern 161:Oral and maxillofacial surgery 144:Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon 103:Oral and maxillofacial surgery 32:Forensic facial reconstruction 13: 1: 3255:Maxillomandibular advancement 2704:– via journals.lww.com. 2551:10.1016/S0099-6963(22)80116-2 2101:. Columbia University Press. 1880:Dentistry, Florida Board of. 1513: 1342:(facelift, rhinoplasty, etc.) 1200: 1181:, or other dental prostheses) 1142:maxillomandibular advancement 1123:chronic facial pain disorders 859:United States Army Air Forces 566: 398: 4116:Bachelor of Medical Sciences 3883:Neurosurgical anesthesiology 3495: 3094:American College of Surgeons 2780:10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181bc327a 2645:10.1177/00220345380170020501 2067:"President Grover Cleveland" 1358: 1335:microvascular reconstruction 832:, became a law professor at 545:American College of Surgeons 517:microvascular reconstruction 299:microvascular reconstruction 275:microvascular reconstruction 201: 7: 3407:Little Baby Face Foundation 3055:"Fellows (U.S. And Canada)" 2987:American Dental Association 1970:Bause, G. S. (April 2016). 1438:Cranio-maxillofacial trauma 1390: 1352:Cranio-maxillofacial trauma 1296:(MBBS, MD, DO, MBChB, MDCM) 1244:, DDS, BDent, DMD or BDS). 1230:American Dental Association 1050:Diagnosis and treatment of: 1047:skin grafts and local flaps 934:craniomaxillofacial complex 619:William Thomas Green Morton 529:cranio-maxillofacial trauma 377: 350: 307:cranio-maxillofacial trauma 212:craniomaxillofacial complex 66:, discuss the issue on the 10: 4331: 3179:Cleft lip and cleft palate 2633:Journal of Dental Research 1918:. HarperCollins. pp. 1598:"Registration Of Training" 1194:bone anchored hearing aids 771:University of Pennsylvania 678:President Grover Cleveland 634:from the neck of patient, 551:Professional organizations 484:free flap reconstruction, 29: 4234: 4156: 4094: 3855: 3783: 3738: 3647: 3518: 3503: 3451: 3435: 3379: 3288: 3202: 3184:Le Fort fracture of skull 3151: 2768:Annals of Plastic Surgery 2755:– via jada.ada.org. 2378:– via Google Books. 1528:"Affiliated Associations" 659:Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. 655:Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. 369:Australia and New Zealand 285:United Kingdom and Europe 148: 140: 107: 4070:Transplantation medicine 3961:Clinical neurophysiology 3878:Obstetric anesthesiology 3798:Interventional radiology 3558:Digestive system surgery 3230:Distraction osteogenesis 2180:www.abplasticsurgery.org 511:for further training in 432:surgery, surgery of the 408:United States of America 359: 3941:Intensive care medicine 3915:Mass gathering medicine 3760:Maternal–fetal medicine 3457:Palatal lift prosthesis 3306:Bernhard von Langenbeck 2394:Henry Street Settlement 1367:was created in 1998 by 1340:Cosmetic facial surgery 1190:craniofacial prostheses 943:of the head and neck: ( 521:cosmetic facial surgery 434:temporomandibular joint 311:cosmetic facial surgery 256:Cosmetic facial surgery 3533:Cardiothoracic surgery 2580:"Columbia Alumni News" 2176:"ABPlasticsurgery.org" 2134:Peskin, R. M. (1993). 2022:"BoatUS Expert Advice" 1275:DMD, BDent, DDS or BDS 1273:4 years dental study ( 1217:Education and training 1134:reconstructive surgery 1104:malformations such as 1088:cutaneous malignancy ( 1079:reconstructive surgery 1073:pathology (oral & 607:Harvard Medical School 442:reconstructive surgery 210:who treats the entire 165:reconstructive surgery 4184:Personalized medicine 4043:Reproductive medicine 3968:Occupational medicine 3922:Evolutionary medicine 3366:William Harrison Bell 3280:Torus removal surgery 3225:Dentofacial Osteotomy 2934:6 August 2020 at the 2052:6 August 2020 at the 1951:. Twayne Publishers. 1947:Oliver Wendell Holmes 1129:joint (TMJ) disorders 1077:) with (ablative and 1031:dentofacial deformity 725:, beginning in 1945. 636:Edward Gilbert Abbott 504:in their final year. 291:specialty of medicine 4310:Surgical specialties 4204:Traditional medicine 4164:Alternative medicine 4031:Addiction psychiatry 3845:Transfusion medicine 3840:Medical microbiology 3755:Gynecologic oncology 3607:Reproductive surgery 3289:Notable contributors 3260:Orthognathic surgery 2338:"The Dental Summary" 1473:Asian blepharoplasty 1433:Craniofacial surgery 1413:Head and neck cancer 1403:Orthognathic surgery 1346:Craniofacial surgery 1331:Head and neck cancer 1207:surgical specialties 1138:orthognathic surgery 1118:craniofacial surgery 1075:head and neck cancer 1027:Orthognathic surgery 1009:platelet rich plasma 993:hair transplantation 957:Asian blepharoplasty 732:Craniofacial surgery 657:, father of Justice 541:surgical specialties 525:craniofacial surgery 513:head and neck cancer 478:head and neck cancer 470:craniofacial surgery 422:surgical specialties 303:craniofacial surgery 295:head and neck cancer 271:Head and neck cancer 265:Craniofacial surgery 194:, as well as facial 153:Glossary of medicine 72:create a new article 64:improve this article 4315:Medical specialties 4226:History of medicine 4209:Veterinary medicine 4016:Preventive medicine 3868:Adolescent medicine 3710:Infectious diseases 3356:Thomas Lewis Gilmer 3301:Bernard Devauchelle 3275:Socket Preservation 2253:Also published as: 2140:Anesthesia Progress 1497:Otorhinolaryngology 928:Surgical procedures 838:New York University 813:reconstruction and 700:Columbia University 628:John Collins Warren 535:Board certification 104: 4174:Molecular oncology 4131:Doctor of Medicine 4121:Master of Medicine 4038:Radiation oncology 3910:Emergency medicine 3863:Addiction medicine 3830:Clinical chemistry 3825:Clinical pathology 3617:Transplant surgery 3575:Orthopedic surgery 3553:Colorectal surgery 3427:Transforming Faces 3371:Wolfgang Rosenthal 3361:Varaztad Kazanjian 3331:Michael Silbermann 3316:Kurt Hermann Thoma 2904:www.hipaaspace.com 2667:"Dental Columbian" 1483:Cheek augmentation 1333: – 1094:lip reconstruction 973:cheek augmentation 906:general anesthesia 883:Hippolyte Morestin 836:. Wald's partner, 826:School of Medicine 797:. Ivy founded the 773:oral surgeon, Dr. 747:Varaztad Kazanjian 743:Harvard University 584:general anesthesia 543:recognized by the 494:general anesthesia 414:surgical specialty 102: 27:Surgical treatment 4292: 4291: 4126:Master of Surgery 4090: 4089: 4075:Tropical medicine 4021:Prison healthcare 3936:Hospital medicine 3900:Disaster medicine 3890:Aviation medicine 3705:Hospital medicine 3612:Surgical oncology 3597:Pediatric surgery 3591: 3538:Endocrine surgery 3463: 3462: 3351:Thomas Fillebrown 3326:Léon Dufourmentel 3250:Labial frenectomy 3220:Dental extraction 3215:Chin augmentation 2392:, founder of the 1929:978-0-06-019523-6 1572:"About The CAOMS" 1487:chin augmentation 1127:temporomandibular 977:chin augmentation 277:free flap surgery 158: 157: 100: 99: 92: 74:, as appropriate. 16:(Redirected from 4322: 4282: 4281: 4272: 4262: 4261: 4252: 4251: 4242: 4241: 3946:Medical genetics 3931:General practice 3808:Nuclear medicine 3683:Gastroenterology 3639:Vascular surgery 3589: 3516: 3515: 3490: 3483: 3476: 3467: 3466: 3397:Facing the World 3138: 3131: 3124: 3115: 3114: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3051: 3045: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3012: 3006: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2995: 2984: 2975: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2953:www.doximity.com 2945: 2939: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2874:www.op.nysed.gov 2866: 2860: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2836: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2602: 2596: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2576: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2530: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2411: 2405: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2360: 2354: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2304: 2298: 2297: 2290: 2281: 2280: 2263:(6): 1254–1292. 2252: 2250: 2248: 2242: 2211: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2172: 2166: 2165: 2155: 2131: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2092: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2063: 2057: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2018: 2012: 2011: 2009: 2007: 1967: 1961: 1960: 1950: 1940: 1934: 1933: 1917: 1907: 1898: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1877: 1868: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1857: 1850: 1842: 1836: 1835: 1833: 1827:. 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Reich 828:; their nephew, 823:Columbia College 685:anesthesiologist 466:facial deformity 462:cosmetic surgery 105: 101: 95: 88: 84: 81: 75: 47: 46: 39: 21: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4320: 4319: 4295: 4294: 4293: 4288: 4230: 4219:Chief physician 4152: 4097: 4086: 4080:Travel medicine 4065:Sports medicine 4048:Sexual medicine 3988:Palliative care 3983:Pain management 3927:Family medicine 3905:Diving medicine 3851: 3779: 3741: 3734: 3650: 3643: 3602:Plastic surgery 3548:General surgery 3528:Cardiac surgery 3509: 3507: 3499: 3494: 3464: 3459: 3447: 3431: 3412:Operation Smile 3375: 3311:James Garretson 3296:Alphonse Guérin 3284: 3198: 3147: 3142: 3080: 3075: 3074: 3064: 3062: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3043: 3039: 3029: 3027: 3014: 3013: 3009: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2982: 2976: 2972: 2962: 2960: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2936:Wayback Machine 2927: 2923: 2913: 2911: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2883: 2881: 2868: 2867: 2863: 2853: 2851: 2838: 2837: 2833: 2823: 2821: 2808: 2807: 2803: 2764: 2760: 2750: 2748: 2727:(11): 731–735. 2713: 2709: 2699: 2697: 2678: 2674: 2665: 2664: 2660: 2629: 2625: 2615: 2613: 2604: 2603: 2599: 2589: 2587: 2578: 2577: 2570: 2560: 2558: 2545:(11): 717–722. 2531: 2527: 2517: 2515: 2508: 2492: 2488: 2478: 2476: 2465: 2464: 2460: 2450: 2448: 2439: 2438: 2434: 2424: 2422: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2387: 2383: 2373: 2371: 2362: 2361: 2357: 2347: 2345: 2336: 2335: 2331: 2321: 2319: 2306: 2305: 2301: 2292: 2291: 2284: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2209: 2203: 2199: 2189: 2187: 2174: 2173: 2169: 2132: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2109: 2093: 2086: 2076: 2074: 2065: 2064: 2060: 2054:Wayback Machine 2045: 2041: 2031: 2029: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2005: 2003: 1968: 1964: 1941: 1937: 1930: 1908: 1901: 1891: 1889: 1878: 1871: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1848: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1834:on 6 July 2016. 1831: 1824: 1820: 1819: 1815: 1805: 1803: 1790: 1789: 1785: 1775: 1773: 1760: 1759: 1755: 1745: 1743: 1730: 1729: 1725: 1715: 1713: 1700: 1699: 1695: 1685: 1683: 1670: 1669: 1665: 1655: 1653: 1644: 1643: 1639: 1626: 1625: 1621: 1611: 1609: 1596: 1595: 1591: 1581: 1579: 1570: 1569: 1565: 1552: 1551: 1547: 1537: 1535: 1526: 1525: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1502:Plastic surgery 1393: 1387:disfiguration. 1373:Operation Smile 1361: 1323: 1290:doctoral degree 1286:master's degree 1219: 1203: 1186:dental implants 1153:LeFort fracture 997:lip enhancement 930: 922: 894: 892:State licensure 738:plastic surgery 734: 613:, dentist, Dr. 569: 553: 537: 438:general surgery 410: 401: 380: 371: 362: 353: 344: 342:Canada and Asia 287: 248: 204: 196:plastic surgery 96: 85: 79: 76: 61: 48: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4328: 4318: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4286: 4276: 4266: 4256: 4246: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4228: 4223: 4222: 4221: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4160: 4158: 4157:Related topics 4154: 4153: 4151: 4150: 4149: 4148: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4106:Medical school 4102: 4100: 4092: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4085: 4084: 4083: 4082: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4060:Sleep medicine 4057: 4056: 4055: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4034: 4033: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4007: 4002: 4001: 4000: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3964: 3963: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3924: 3919: 3918: 3917: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3886: 3885: 3880: 3873:Anesthesiology 3870: 3865: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3849: 3848: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3812: 3811: 3810: 3805: 3803:Neuroradiology 3800: 3789: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3746: 3744: 3740:Obstetrics and 3736: 3735: 3733: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3691: 3690: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3655: 3653: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3641: 3636: 3635: 3634: 3624: 3622:Trauma surgery 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3593: 3592: 3585:Otolaryngology 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3561: 3560: 3555: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3524: 3522: 3513: 3511:subspecialties 3501: 3500: 3493: 3492: 3485: 3478: 3470: 3461: 3460: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3445: 3439: 3437: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3376: 3374: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3346:Simon Hullihen 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3292: 3290: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3206: 3204: 3200: 3199: 3197: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3141: 3140: 3133: 3126: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3079: 3078:External links 3076: 3073: 3072: 3046: 3037: 3007: 2970: 2940: 2921: 2891: 2861: 2844:www.dbc.ca.gov 2831: 2814:www.dbc.ca.gov 2801: 2774:(5): 473–478. 2758: 2707: 2672: 2658: 2623: 2597: 2568: 2525: 2506: 2486: 2471:. March 1983. 2458: 2432: 2406: 2381: 2355: 2329: 2299: 2282: 2220:(6): 1254–98. 2197: 2167: 2126: 2107: 2084: 2058: 2039: 2013: 1976:Anesthesiology 1962: 1935: 1928: 1899: 1869: 1837: 1813: 1783: 1753: 1723: 1693: 1663: 1637: 1619: 1589: 1563: 1545: 1518: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1480: 1475: 1469:Blepharoplasty 1466: 1461: 1456: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1428:Dental implant 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1355: 1349: 1343: 1337: 1322: 1319: 1318: 1317: 1310: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294:medical degree 1278: 1271: 1218: 1215: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1182: 1164: 1159:fractures and 1145: 1130: 1124: 1121: 1096: 1086: 1068: 1051: 1048: 1042: 1037: 1024: 953:blepharoplasty 929: 926: 921: 918: 893: 890: 875:Harold Gillies 843:anesthesiology 811:alveolar ridge 733: 730: 605:. In 1844, at 568: 565: 552: 549: 536: 533: 502:Chief Resident 490:trauma surgery 426:dental implant 409: 406: 400: 397: 379: 376: 370: 367: 361: 358: 352: 349: 343: 340: 286: 283: 282: 281: 278: 268: 262: 259: 247: 246:Subspecialties 244: 203: 200: 156: 155: 150: 146: 145: 142: 138: 137: 109: 98: 97: 58:of the subject 56:worldwide view 51: 49: 42: 26: 18:Facial surgery 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4327: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4285: 4277: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4265: 4257: 4255: 4247: 4245: 4237: 4236: 4233: 4227: 4224: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4189:Public health 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4169:Allied health 4167: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4159: 4155: 4147: 4144: 4143: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4093: 4081: 4078: 4077: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4054: 4051: 4050: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4032: 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