486:
232:
1272:("Fraud related to activity in connection with identification documents, authentication features, and information"). The statute now makes the possession of any "means of identification" to "knowingly transfer, possess, or use without lawful authority" a federal crime, alongside unlawful possession of identification documents. However, for federal jurisdiction to prosecute, the crime must include an "identification document" that either: (a) is purportedly issued by the United States, (b) is used or intended to defraud the United States, (c) is sent through the mail, or (d) is used in a manner that affects interstate or foreign commerce.
850:, each state has enacted laws that deal with different aspects of identity or fraud issues. Some states have now amended relevant criminal laws to reflect crimes of identity theft, such as the Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 (SA), Crimes Amendment (Fraud, Identity and Forgery Offences) Act 2009, and also in Queensland under the Criminal Code 1899 (QLD). Other states and territories are in states of development in respect of regulatory frameworks relating to identity theft such as Western Australia in respect of the Criminal Code Amendment (Identity Crime) Bill 2009.
1390:
1238:(2005) EWCA Crim 1941, the defendant was acting as the "frontman" in the use of stolen credit cards and other documents to obtain goods. He obtained goods to the value of £10,000 for others who are unlikely ever to be identified. The Court of Appeal considered a sentencing policy for deception offenses involving "identity theft" and concluded that a prison sentence was required. Henriques J. said at para 14: "Identity fraud is a particularly pernicious and prevalent form of dishonesty calling for, in our judgment, deterrent sentences."
1126:), has been known as a source of various identity theft problems. Identities of people who carelessly put personal information on their profiles can easily be stolen just by simple browsing. Some people meet online, get to know each other through Facebook chat, and exchange messages that share private information. Others get romantically involved with online friends and end up sharing too much information (such as their social security number, bank account, home address, and company address).
1001:. Each province and territory has its own privacy law and privacy commissioners to limit the storage and use of personal data. For the private sector, the purpose of the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (2000, c. 5) (known as PIPEDA) is to establish rules to govern the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information; except for the provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia where provincial laws have been deemed substantially similar.
665:, driver's license number, credit card number, etc.) increases the risks of identity theft unless this valuable personal information is adequately secured at all times. Committing personal identifiers to memory is a sound practice that can reduce the risks of a would-be identity thief from obtaining these records. To help in remembering numbers such as social security numbers and credit card numbers, it is helpful to consider using mnemonic techniques or memory aids such as the
3881:
156:
414:, a label given to people who use someone else's photos and information on social networking sites. Posers mostly create believable stories involving friends of the real person they are imitating. Unlike identity theft used to obtain credit which usually comes to light when the debts mount, concealment may continue indefinitely without being detected, particularly if the identity thief can obtain false credentials to pass various authentication tests in everyday life.
3890:
5667:
5073:
519:
associated with them. Thieves can establish lines of credit, obtain driver's licenses, or even buy a house using a child's identity. This fraud can go undetected for years, as most children do not discover the problem until years later. Child identity theft is fairly common, and studies have shown that the problem is growing. The largest study on child identity theft, as reported by
Richard Power of the Carnegie Mellon Cylab with data supplied by
713:(FTC) discussed the sale of Social Security numbers and other personal identifiers by credit-raters and data miners. The FTC agreed to the industry's self-regulating principles restricting access to information on credit reports. According to the industry, the restrictions vary according to the category of customer. Credit reporting agencies gather and disclose personal and credit information to a wide business client base.
54:
697:
this study revealed that identity theft was a positive correlation with reputable damages. The relationship between perceived risk and online purchase intention were negative. The significance of this study reveals that online companies are more aware of the potential harm that can be done to their consumers, therefore they are searching for ways to reduce the perceived risk of consumers and not lose out on business.
501:
crime is that medical identity theft occurs when someone seeks medical care under the identity of another person. Insurance theft is also very common, if a thief has your insurance information and or your insurance card, they can seek medical attention posing as yourself. In addition to risks of financial harm common to all forms of identity theft, the thief's medical history may be added to the victim's
1313:
percent of the US population said they were a victim of ID theft. In 2005, that number had dropped to 3.7 percent of the population. The commission's 2003 estimate was that identity theft accounted for some $ 52.6 billion of losses in the preceding year alone and affected more than 9.91 million
Americans; the figure comprises $ 47.6 billion lost by businesses and $ 5 billion lost by consumers.
95:
317:, and the program is so hacker-friendly that even an inexperienced hacker can operate it. Although the hacking program is easy to use, that fact does not diminish the devastating effects that Zeus (or other software like Zeus) can do on a computer and the user. For example, programs like Zeus can steal credit card information, important documents, and even documents necessary for
505:. Inaccurate information in the victim's records is difficult to correct and may affect future insurability or cause doctors to rely on misinformation to deliver inappropriate care. After the publication of the report, which contained a recommendation that consumers receive notifications of medical data breach incidents, California passed a law requiring this, and then finally
1364:. The addition of using cloud information within the United States medicare system would institute easily accessible health information for individuals, but that also makes it easier for identity theft. Currently, new technology is being produced to help encrypt and protect files, which will create a smooth transition to cloud technology in the healthcare system.
1454:. Confusion over exactly what constitutes identity theft has led to claims that statistics may be exaggerated. An extensively reported study from Microsoft Research in 2011 finds that estimates of identity theft losses contain enormous exaggerations, writing that surveys "are so compromised and biased that no faith whatever can be placed in their findings."
1439:
services. Not only did she damage my credit, but she escalated her crimes to a level that I never truly expected: she engaged in drug trafficking. The crime resulted in my erroneous arrest record, a warrant out for my arrest, and eventually, a prison record when she was booked under my name as an inmate in the
Chicago Federal Prison."
986:(a) with intent to gain advantage for themselves or another person; (b) with intent to obtain any property or an interest in any property; (c) with intent to cause disadvantage to the person being personated or another person; or (d) with intent to avoid arrest or prosecution or to obstruct, pervert or defeat the course of justice.
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later. Usage of a stolen credit card is difficult in Sweden since an identity document or a PIN code is normally demanded. If a shop does not demand either, it must take the loss from accepting a stolen credit card. The practice of observing someone using their credit card's PIN code, stealing the credit card, or
427:. Provided the subterfuge works, charges may be placed under the victim's name, letting the criminal off the hook. Victims might only learn of such incidents by chance, for example by receiving a court summons, discovering their driver's licenses are suspended when stopped for minor traffic violations, or through
1309:
for detecting identity theft. The FTC has determined that most medical practices are considered creditors and are subject to requirements to develop a plan to prevent and respond to patient identity theft. These plans must be adopted by each organization's board of directors and monitored by senior executives.
1320:, in 2010, 7% of US households experienced identity theft - up from 5.5% in 2005 when the figures were first assembled, but broadly flat since 2007. In 2012, approximately 16.6 million persons, or 7% of all U.S. residents age 16 or older, reported being victims of one or more incidents of identity theft.
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has created the IRS Identity
Protection Specialized Unit to help taxpayers' who are victims of federal tax-related identity theft. Generally, the identity thief will use a stolen SSN to file a forged tax return and attempt to get a fraudulent refund early in the filing season. A taxpayer will need to
1308:
Six
Federal agencies conducted a joint task force to increase the ability to detect identity theft. Their joint recommendation on "red flag" guidelines is a set of requirements on financial institutions and other entities which furnish credit data to credit reporting services to develop written plans
1089:
Whoever, fraudulently or dishonestly makes use of the electronic signature, password, or any other unique identification feature of any other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine which may extend
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in the previous month, "The bad news is that, despite being incredibly cost-effective and deployable to virtually anywhere in the world, only a handful of countries are systematically using SLTD to screen travelers. The result is a major gap in our global security apparatus that is left vulnerable to
696:
Several types of identity theft are used to gather information, one of the most common types occurs when consumers make online purchases. A study was conducted with 190 people to determine the relationship between the constructs of fear of financial losses and reputational damages. The conclusions of
1420:
Surveys in the US from 2003 to 2006 showed a decrease in the total number of identity fraud victims and a decrease in the total value of identity fraud from US$ 47.6 billion in 2003 to $ 15.6 billion in 2006. The average fraud per person decreased from $ 4,789 in 2003 to $ 1,882 in 2006. A Microsoft
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Other types of identity theft have become more common in Sweden. One common example is ordering a credit card to someone who has an unlocked letterbox and is not home during the daytime. The thief steals the letter with the credit card and the letter with the code, which typically arrives a few days
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In a widely publicized account, Michelle Brown, a victim of identity fraud, testified before a U.S. Senate
Committee Hearing on Identity Theft. Ms. Brown testified that: "over a year and a half from January 1998 through July 1999, one individual impersonated me to procure over $ 50,000 in goods and
716:
Poor stewardship of personal data by organizations, resulting in unauthorized access to sensitive data, can expose individuals to the risk of identity theft. The
Privacy Rights Clearinghouse has documented over 900 individual data breaches by US companies and government agencies since January 2005,
579:
is a form that will help one fight against a theft like tax theft. This form will put the IRS on alert and someone who believed they have been a victim of tax-related theft will be given an
Identity Protection Personal Identification Number (IP PIN), which is a 6 digit code used in replacing an SSN
571:
to file a tax return with false information, and have the resulting refund direct-deposited into a bank account controlled by the thief. The thief in this case can also try to get a job and then their employer will report the income of the real taxpayer, this then results in the taxpayer getting in
422:
When a criminal fraudulently identifies themselves to police as another individual at the point of arrest, it is sometimes referred to as "Criminal
Identity Theft." In some cases, criminals have previously obtained state-issued identity documents using credentials stolen from others, or have simply
1449:
In the United
Kingdom, the Home Office reported that identity fraud costs the UK economy £1.2 billion annually (experts believe that the real figure could be much higher) although privacy groups object to the validity of these numbers, arguing that they are being used by the government to push for
1312:
Identity theft complaints as a percentage of all fraud complaints decreased from 2004 to 2006. The Federal Trade Commission reported that fraud complaints in general were growing faster than ID theft complaints. The findings were similar in two other FTC studies done in 2003 and 2005. In 2003, 4.6
676:
In recent years, commercial identity theft protection/insurance services have become available in many countries. These services purport to help protect the individual from identity theft or help detect that identity theft has occurred in exchange for a monthly or annual membership fee or premium.
1154:
were accepted for identity verification. Stolen documents are traceable by banks and certain other institutions. Banks are required to check the identity of anyone withdrawing money or getting loans. If a bank gives money to someone using an identity document that has been reported as stolen, the
700:
Victims of identity theft may face years of effort proving to the legal system that they are the true person, leading to emotional strain and financial losses. Most identity theft is perpetrated by a family member of the victim, and some may not be able to obtain new credit cards or open new bank
656:
identifying oneself unnecessarily (a form of information security control known as risk avoidance). This implies that organizations, IT systems, and procedures should not demand excessive amounts of personal information or credentials for identification and authentication. Requiring, storing, and
448:
might still have incorrect criminal records in their databases even after court and police records are corrected. Thus a future background check may return the incorrect criminal records. This is just one example of the kinds of impact that may continue to affect the victims of identity theft for
267:
as a method to gain financial advantages or obtain credit and other benefits. The person whose identity has been stolen may suffer adverse consequences, especially if they are falsely held responsible for the perpetrator's actions. Personally identifiable information generally includes a person's
533:
Not only are children in general big targets of identity theft but children who are in foster care are even bigger targets. This is because they are most likely moved around quite frequently and their SSN is being shared with multiple people and agencies. Foster children are even more victims of
500:
Privacy researcher Pam Dixon, the founder of the World Privacy Forum, coined the term medical identity theft and released the first major report about this issue in 2006. In the report, she defined the crime for the first time and made the plight of victims public. The report's definition of the
470:
or as a subfile on one of the victim's credit reports. Synthetic identity theft primarily harms the creditors who unwittingly grant the fraudsters credit. Individual victims can be affected if their names become confused with the synthetic identities, or if negative information in their subfiles
438:
depend on which jurisdiction the crime occurred and whether the true identity of the criminal can be determined. The victim might need to locate the original arresting officers and prove their own identity by some reliable means such as fingerprinting or DNA testing and may need to go to a court
301:
noted that "Most often, the causes of identity theft is not known", but reported that someone else concluded that "the probability of becoming a victim to identity theft as a result of a data breach is ... around only 2%". For example, in one of the largest data breaches which affected over four
1342:
committed to balancing consumer protection with the needs of small business owners. His Office of Consumer Affairs and Business Regulation announced certain adjustments to Massachusetts' identity theft regulations that maintain protections and also allow flexibility in compliance. These updated
968:
Everyone commits an offense who knowingly obtains or possesses another person's identity information in circumstances giving rise to a reasonable inference that the information is intended to be used to commit an indictable offense that includes fraud, deceit, or falsehood as an element of the
672:
Identity thieves sometimes impersonate dead people, using personal information obtained from death notices, gravestones, and other sources to exploit delays between the death and the closure of the person's accounts, the inattentiveness of grieving families, and weaknesses in the processes for
518:
Child identity theft occurs when a minor's identity is used by another person for the impostor's personal gain. The impostor can be a family member, a friend, or even a stranger who targets children. The Social Security numbers of children are valued because they do not have any information
1155:
bank must take this loss. Since 2008, any EU passport is valid in Sweden for identity verification, and Swedish passports are valid all over the EU. This makes it harder to detect stolen documents, but banks in Sweden still must ensure that stolen documents are not accepted.
1259:
The increase in crimes of identity theft led to the drafting of the Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act. In 1998, The Federal Trade Commission appeared before the United States Senate. The FTC discussed crimes which exploit consumer credit to commit loan fraud,
509:
was expanded to also require medical breach notification when breaches affect 500 or more people. Data collected and stored by hospitals and other organizations such as medical aid schemes is up to 10 times more valuable to cybercriminals than credit card information.
1295:(b). In addition, punishments for the unlawful use of a "means of identification" were strengthened in § 1028A ("Aggravated Identity Theft"), allowing for a consecutive sentence under specific enumerated felony violations as defined in § 1028A(c)(1) through (11).
747:
Failure of governments, when registering sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations, to determine if the officers listed in the Articles of Incorporation are who they say they are. This potentially allows criminals access to personal information through
820:
maintains a database of 40 million lost and stolen travel documents from 157 countries, which Interpol makes available to governments and the public, including airlines and hotels. The Stolen and Lost Travel Documents (SLTD) database, however, is rarely used.
443:
of court records may also be required. Authorities might permanently maintain the victim's name as an alias for the criminal's true identity in their criminal records databases. One problem that victims of criminal identity theft may encounter is that various
530:(FTC) estimates that about nine million people will be victims of identity theft in the United States per year. It was also estimated that in 2008; 630,000 people under the age of 19 were victims of theft. This then gave the victims a debt of about $ 12,799.
1334:
In 2009, Indiana created an Identity Theft Unit within their Office of Attorney General to educate and assist consumers in avoiding and recovering from identity theft as well as assist law enforcement in investigating and prosecuting identity theft crimes.
1245:(UK's Fraud Prevention Service) show that there were 89,000 victims of identity theft in the UK in 2010 and 85,000 victims in 2009. Men in their 30s and 40s are the most common victims. Identity fraud now accounts for nearly half of all frauds recorded.
235:
Example of an identity theft crime: 1. The fraudster files tax return paperwork in the victim's name, claiming a refund. 2. The IRS issues a refund to the fraudster. 3. The victim submits their legitimate tax return. 4. The IRS rejects the return as a
465:
with a name and birthdate other than the ones that are simply associated with the number. Synthetic identity theft is more difficult to track as it doesn't show on either person's credit report directly but may appear as an entirely new file in the
1067:(PDPO) regulates the collection, use and retention of personal information in Hong Kong. It also provides citizens the right to request information held by businesses and the government to the extent provided by this law. The PDPO establishes the
287:
and identity theft is challenging, primarily because identity theft victims often do not know how their personal information was obtained. According to a report done for the FTC, identity theft is not always detectable by the individual victims.
292:
is often but not necessarily the consequence of identity theft. Someone can steal or misappropriate personal information without then committing identity theft using the information about every person, such as when a major data breach occurs. A
1170:
states that all information (e.g. addresses, incomes, taxes) kept by public authorities must be available for anyone, except in certain cases (for example, the addresses of people who need to hide are restricted). This makes fraud easier.
1141:
for the development, exploitation, and dissemination of information, but violators will be punished by the law through imprisonment or a fine upwards of ₱200,000, but not exceeding ₱1,000,000, or (depending on the damage caused) both.
313:, said, "Interested in credit card theft? There's an app for that." This statement summed up the ease with which these hackers are accessing all kinds of information online. The new program for infecting users' computers was called
1343:
regulations went into effect on 1 March 2010. The regulations are clear that their approach to data security is a risk-based approach important to small businesses and might not handle a lot of personal information about customers.
717:
which together have involved over 200 million total records containing sensitive personal information, many containing social security numbers. Poor corporate diligence standards which can result in data breaches include:
949:
applies only to Commonwealth and territory agencies and to certain private-sector bodies (where, for example, they deal with sensitive records, such as medical records, or they have more than $ 3 million in turnover PA).
534:
identity theft within their own families and other relatives. Young people in foster care who are victims of this crime are usually left alone to struggle and figure out how to fix their newly formed bad credit.
1174:
Until 2016, there were no laws that specifically prohibited using someone's identity. Instead, there were only laws regarding any indirect damages caused. Impersonating anyone else for financial gain is a
2187:
799:. People increase the value of the stolen data by aggregating it with publicly available data, and sell it again for a profit, increasing the damage that can be done to the people whose data was stolen.
3520:, July 2000, U.S. Senate Committee Hearing on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism and Government Information – "Identity Theft: How to Protect and Restore Your Good Name"
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1302:
with authority to track the number of incidents and the dollar value of losses. Their figures relate mainly to consumer financial crimes and not the broader range of all identification-based crimes.
689:
Identity theft is a serious problem in the United States. In a 2018 study, it was reported that 60 million Americans' identities had been wrongfully acquired. In response, under advisement from the
783:, for identification and authentication has been cited as a way to thwart identity thieves, however, there are technological limitations and privacy concerns associated with these methods as well.
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1421:
report shows that this drop is due to statistical problems with the methodology, that such survey-based estimates are "hopelessly flawed" and exaggerate the true losses by orders of magnitude.
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Between 2014 and 2015 in Australia, there were 133,921 fraud and deception offences, an increase of 6% from previous year. The total cost reported by the Attorney General Department was:
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study determined that "most breaches have not resulted in detected incidents of identity theft". The report also warned that "the full extent is unknown". A later unpublished study by
637:) but identity-related documents such as credit cards, bank statements, utility bills, checkbooks, etc. may also be physically stolen from vehicles, homes, offices, and not the least
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The most common type of identity theft is related to finance. Financial identity theft includes obtaining credit, loans, goods, and services while claiming to be someone else.
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offense. is guilty of an indictable offense and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than five years; or is guilty of an offense punishable on summary conviction.
641:, or directly from victims by pickpockets and bag snatchers. Guardianship of personal identifiers by consumers is the most common intervention strategy recommended by the
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and most sites that address identity theft. Such organizations offer recommendations on how individuals can prevent their information from falling into the wrong hands.
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in the online community, giving the users the freedom to post any information they want without any verification that the account is being used by the real person.
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1482:
1195:. However, it is difficult to convict someone of committing this crime. In late 2016, a new law was introduced which partially banned undetermined identity usage.
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There are also high indirect costs associated as a direct result of an incident. For example, the total indirect costs for police recorded fraud is $ 5,774,081.
3731:"Transcript of Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales and FTC Chairman Deborah Platt Majoras Announcing the Release of the President's Identity Theft Task Force"
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is guilty of an indictable offense and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than 10 years; or guilty of an offense punishable on summary conviction.
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633:. For consumers, this is usually a result of them naively providing their personal information or login credentials to the identity thieves (e.g., in a
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1207:. The Act covers all personal data which an organization may hold, including names, birthday and anniversary dates, addresses, and telephone numbers.
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other than the second-mentioned person; or (b) in prejudice or a substantial risk of prejudice to any person other than the first-mentioned person,
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with the credit bureau. While identity theft protection/insurance services have been heavily marketed, their value has been called into question.
2543:
2249:
Berg, Valeska; Arabiat, Diana; Morelius, Evalotte; Kervin, Lisa; Zgambo, Maggie; Robinson, Suzanne; Jenkins, Mark; Whitehead, Lisa (2024-02-21).
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The services typically work either by setting fraud alerts on the individual's credit files with the three major credit bureaus or by setting up
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Hyde, J. (2017). Preventing Identity Theft and Strengthening the American Health Care System. Policy & Practice (19426828), 75(5), 26–34.
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The emergence of children's identities on social media has also contributed to a rise in incidents of digital kidnapping and identity theft.
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the theft of laptop computers or portable media being carried off-site containing vast amounts of personal information. The use of strong
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Protecting Children from Identity Theft Act: report (to accompany H.R. 5192) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office)
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credit-checking. Such crimes may continue for some time until the deceased's families or the authorities notice and react to anomalies.
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It can be difficult for the victim of criminal identity theft to clear their record. The steps required to clear the victim's incorrect
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1658:
693:, some new bills have been implemented to improve security such as requiring electronic signatures and social security verification.
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million records, it resulted in only about 1,800 instances of identity theft, according to the company whose systems were breached.
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the brokerage of personal information to other businesses without ensuring that the purchaser maintains adequate security controls
3144:, releases Survey of Identity Theft in U.S. 27.3 Million Victims in past 5 Years, Billions in Losses for Businesses and Consumers
1631:
1978:
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was coined in 1964. Since that time, the definition of identity theft has been legally defined throughout both the U.K. and the
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Likewise, each state has enacted its own privacy laws to prevent the misuse of personal information and data. The Commonwealth
3013:
321:. If a hacker were to gain this information, it would mean nationwide identity theft or even a possible terrorist attack. The
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some months or even years after the crime, aside from the psychological trauma that being 'cloned' typically engenders.
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1878:"Data Breaches Are Frequent, but Evidence of Resulting Identity Theft Is Limited; However, the Full Extent Is Unknown"
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have created an Office of Privacy Protection to assist their citizens in avoiding and recovering from identity theft.
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about individuals, or various credentials they use to authenticate themselves, to impersonate them. Examples include:
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1844:"Wisconsin Statutes, Sec. 943.201. Unauthorized use of an individual's personal identifying information or documents"
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If charges are brought by state or local law enforcement agencies, different penalties apply to depend on the state.
1191:). Impersonating anyone else to discredit them by hacking into their social media accounts and provoke is considered
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218:
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81:
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1510: – act of preventing various types of internet frauds by consumers, business owners, and financial institutions
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461:, in which identities are completely or partially fabricated. The most common technique involves combining a real
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In this situation, the identity thief impersonates someone else to conceal their own true identity. Examples are
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17:
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2431:, Identity Theft Resource Center Fact Sheet 117 Identity Theft and the Deceased - Prevention and Victim Tips.
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occurs when someone uses another's personal identifying information, like their name, identifying number, or
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In France, a person convicted of identity theft can be sentenced up to five years in prison and fined up to
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2400:
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name, date of birth, social security number, driver's license number, bank account or credit card numbers,
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An October 2010 article entitled "Cyber Crime Made Easy" explained the level to which hackers are using
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the first-mentioned person commits the offense of fraud and is liable on conviction upon indictment to
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3207:
3111:"Federal Trade Commission: 2006 Identity Theft Survey Report: Prepared for the Commission by Synovate"
870:(3) A person is guilty of an offense if a) the person does anything with the intention of dishonestly
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There is an active market for buying and selling stolen personal information, which occurs mostly in
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as the theft of personally identifiable information. Identity theft deliberately uses someone else's
110:
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3343:, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Office of Consumer Affairs and Business Regulation, 3 November 2009
1041:(1) If any person by any deceit (whether or not the deceit is the sole or main inducement) and with
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1446:, identity theft was estimated to be worth between A$ 1billion and A$ 4 billion per annum in 2001.
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1299:
1227:
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678:
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2251:"Young Children and the Creation of a Digital Identity on Social Networking Sites: Scoping Review"
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Guessing Social Security numbers by using information found on Internet social networks such as
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4394:
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4005:
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1376:. As a result, companies that report a data breach typically report it to all their customers.
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involves individuals stealing online images of children and misrepresenting them as their own.
462:
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3688:– a government task force established by US President George W. Bush to fight identity theft.
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31:
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3257:
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1133:(Republic Act No. 10175). Section 2 of this act states that it recognizes the importance of
983:(1) Everyone commits an offense who fraudulently personates another person, living or dead,
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5180:
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4389:
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4268:
2325:
1591: – form of identity theft, whereby a person takes on the identity of a deceased person
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772:
has been criticized for facilitating the acquisition of personal identifiers by criminals.
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on these devices can reduce the chance of data being misused should a criminal obtain them.
273:
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Data thieves in action: examining the international market for stolen personal information
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Identity cloning (using another's information to assume his or her identity in daily life)
8:
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3333:
2544:"ID Theft Aftermath Shows a Wake of Financial and Emotional Victims | Credit Union Times"
1792:
Hoofnagle, Chris Jay (13 March 2007). "Identity Theft: Making the Known Unknowns Known".
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Only 15% of victims find out about the theft through proactive action taken by a business
367:
353:
Financial identity theft (using another's identity to obtain credit, goods, and services)
178:
73:
3691:
2591:
2277:
2250:
2047:
1403:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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2569:"Testimony before the Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism and Government Information"
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998:
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In March 2014, after it was learned two passengers with stolen passports were on board
538:
306:
252:
2236:"Protecting and defending a young person in foster care from financial identity theft"
1955:
280:, or any other information that can be used to access a person's financial resources.
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1655: – Massachusetts General Law (Massachusetts personal information protection law)
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The acquisition of personal identifiers is made possible through serious breaches of
399:
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105:
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2029:"Medical Identity Theft: What to Do if You are a Victim (or are concerned about it)"
1269:
1268:, commodities and services frauds. The Identity Theft Deterrence Act (2003) amended
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induces another person to commit an act or make an omission, which results either-
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493:
diagram showing the identity theft risk associated with social security numbers on
445:
428:
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2511:"Impact of Fear of Identity Theft and Perceived Risk on Online Purchase Intention"
1773:
1534: – cyberattack intended to redirect a website's traffic to another, fake site
1360:
As for the future of medical care and Medicaid, people are mostly concerned about
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about individual citizens, published in official registers such as electoral rolls
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73% of respondents indicated the crime involved the thief acquiring a credit card
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634:
480:
435:
359:
Medical identity theft (using another's identity to obtain medical care or drugs)
42:
3179:
2894:"The most likely victims of identity fraud: men in their late 30s and early 40s"
2655:"The ripple effect of identity theft: What happens to my data once it's stolen?"
2001:
1918:
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Sweden has had relatively few problems with identity theft because only Swedish
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855:
Criminal Code Amendment (Theft, Fraud, Bribery & Related Offences) Act 2000
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597:
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502:
383:
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Criminal identity theft (posing as another person when apprehended for a crime)
314:
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2734:"Usurpation d'identité : la loi ou la technique pour se protéger ?"
2526:
2052:- "Fact Sheet 17g: Criminal Identity Theft: What to Do If It Happens to You "
1963:
1652:
1582:
1522:
1352:
1339:
1180:
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467:
260:
30:
This article is about the concept of identity theft. For the 2004 film, see
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4507:
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4001:
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830:
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721:
failure to shred confidential information before throwing it into dumpsters
646:
567:. The most common method is to use a person's authentic name, address, and
4595:
2965:
2790:"List of Facebook Users by Country Wise Top ranking 2016 - Tech Unblocked"
1877:
1615: – Organization of American States that are devoted to civil identity
1431:
The average time spent by victims resolving the problem is about 330 hours
5642:
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5048:
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4276:
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1728:
Identity Theft, Trust Breaches, and the Production of Economic Insecurity
1211:
780:
753:
731:
638:
558:
520:
440:
284:
3774:
Scam on the Run - Fugitive Identity Thief Led Global Criminal Enterprise
3576:"Free help, tips and advice on avoiding and dealing with Identity Theft"
2947:"Prepared Statement of the Federal Trade Commission on "Identity Theft""
2765:
2326:"In Focus Resource Center from Citrin Cooperman | Ideas That Count"
366:
Identity theft may be used to facilitate or fund other crimes including
325:
said that about 15 million Americans had their identity stolen in 2012.
5627:
5031:
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4885:
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4690:
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3895:
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3211:
1564:
1479:, also known as Hacking – Type of crime based in computer networks
1476:
1324:
1138:
738:
523:, found that of 40,000 children, 10.2% were victims of identity theft.
340:
4905:
457:
A variation of identity theft that has recently become more common is
255:, without their permission, to commit fraud or other crimes. The term
5592:
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4437:
4343:
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4307:
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4259:
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4117:
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3710:
Identity Theft: A Research Review, National Institute of Justice 2007
2577:, Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate 20 May 1998 pp 5,6
2486:
2351:
2111:
1443:
1328:
847:
834:
776:
608:
407:
379:
371:
310:
3889:
3539:, Australasian Center for Policing Research. Retrieved 30 June 2006.
2988:
2485:
United States; Congress; House; Committee on Ways and Means (2018).
1424:
The 2003 survey from the Identity Theft Resource Center found that:
4750:
4457:
4427:
4348:
4292:
4244:
4219:
4201:
4137:
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4073:
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3996:
3976:
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1549:
1531:
1498:
1223:
1111:
997:(federal legislation) covers only federal government, agencies and
817:
403:
375:
277:
2267:
1867:
Federal Trade Commission – 2006 Identity Theft Survey Report, p. 4
1552: – Unsolicited electronic messages, especially advertisements
5118:
5043:
4989:
4610:
4557:
4399:
4365:
4333:
4302:
4249:
4224:
4172:
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4147:
4127:
4097:
4060:
4045:
3956:
3921:
3781:
3679:
3486:
2868:"UK Fraud Prevention Agency Say ID Theft Increase of 32% in 2009"
2674:"Airlines and governments not checking stolen passports register"
1115:
709:
In their May 1998 testimony before the United States Senate, the
630:
618:
614:
424:
2966:
Mandatory Minimum Sentencing: Federal Aggravated Identity Theft.
2014:
1103:
Social networking sites are one of the most famous spreaders of
1071:
which enforces the law and advises on the use of personal data.
760:
The failure of corporate or government organizations to protect
4462:
4287:
4157:
4016:
3850:
3695:
2397:"Social Security Numbers Can Be Guessed From Data, Study Finds"
1284:
1283:(c). Punishment can be up to 5, 15, 20, or 30 years in federal
1123:
1110:
The Philippines, which ranks eighth in the numbers of users of
604:
1885:
Highlights of GAO-07-737, a report to congressional requesters
1079:
Under the Information Technology Act 2000 Chapter IX Sec 66C:
607:
to acquire banking information, including account numbers and
5632:
4642:
4187:
4132:
4082:
3813:
3756:"Woman Gets Prison Time in 'Total Identity Theft' - ABC News"
2913:"Fraudscape: report reveals the UK's fraud landscape in 2010"
1372:
Many states followed California's lead and enacted mandatory
1242:
1215:
1192:
309:. As Gunter Ollmann, Chief Technology Officer of security at
165:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
3147:
2509:
Gašper, Jordan; Robert, Leskovar; Miha, Marič (1 May 2018).
816:, which went missing on 8 March 2014. It came to light that
584:
Techniques for obtaining and exploiting personal information
5571:
5021:
4999:
4512:
4239:
3025:
PhysiciansPractice.com, 21 May 2009. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
2832:"Seward, R. v [2005] EWCA Crim 1941 (11 July 2005)"
1573: – Crime involving the trafficking of credit card data
1467: – Process of verifying ownership of a website account
1163:
it, and then using the credit card has become more common.
1091:
1022:
5087:
3685:
1804:
406:
or other individuals and those who simply want to become "
3776:
3082:"Federal Trade Commission – Identity Theft Survey Report"
2468:"Identity-Theft Protection: What Services Can You Trust?"
2248:
1698: – American security consultant and former fraudster
1203:
In the United Kingdom, personal data is protected by the
826:
1234:
increasingly contend with identity theft situations. In
2628:
Holt, Thomas J.; Smirnova, Olga; Chua, Yi-Ting (2016).
1908:"Do Data Breach Disclosure Laws Reduce Identity Theft?"
1579: – Criminal acts involving unlawful use of cheques
1527:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1503:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
704:
3058:"Law Enforcement Contact1 January 1 December 31, 2001"
2936:, Public Law 105-318, 112 Stat. 3007 (30 October 1998)
2206:"Government Turns Spotlight on Child ID Theft Problem"
1710: – Soviet engineer and mathematician (1897–1942)
1677:
3885:
2352:"If Microsoft co-founder's ID isn't safe, is yours?"
1593:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1545:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1536:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1512:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1287:, plus fines, depending on the underlying crime per
1069:
Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data
874:; and b) the other person is a Commonwealth entity.
3619:"Hi-tech crime and sexual partner surveys 'biased'"
3334:"Frequently Asked Question Regarding 201 CMR 17.00"
439:hearing to be cleared of the charges. Obtaining an
393:
5567:International Association of Privacy Professionals
3155:"Identity Theft Reported by Households, 2005-2010"
2672:
1525: – Type of intellectual property infringement
1501: – List of people acting under false identity
3052:
3050:
1687: – American consumer credit reporting agency
1011:Bill C-27 (39th Canadian Parliament, 2nd Session)
624:
5683:
5532:Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility
2627:
2508:
2190:. Identity Theft Resource Center. Archived from
734:agents and people with access to call recordings
402:hiding their illegal status, people hiding from
382:. There are cases of identity cloning to attack
346:sub-divide identity theft into five categories:
3649:
3409:"ALERT: Beware of Phishing Scam Mentioning TAS"
2605:Internet Identity Theft - A Tragedy for Victims
3047:
2188:"Correcting Misinformation on Medical Records"
1979:"'Credit card theft? There's an app for that'"
1810:
588:Identity thieves typically obtain and exploit
563:One of the major identity theft categories is
386:, including online credit card processing and
5103:
4626:
3797:
2616:Software and Information Industry Association
2385:, Douglas County Sheriff's Office, Washington
2162:"The Medical Identity Theft Information Page"
2063:"In Re Colokathis | 417 B.R. 150 (2009)"
1704: – American computer hacker and criminal
1129:This phenomenon leads to the creation of the
652:Identity theft can be partially mitigated by
163:The examples and perspective in this article
3686:The President's Task Force on Identity Theft
2808:"SFS 2016:485 Lag om ändring i brottsbalken"
2665:
2137:"Get to Know These Common Types of ID Theft"
1942:Giles, Jim (2010). "Cyber crime made easy".
857:which amended certain provisions within the
3548:
2472:PC World.com, retrieved on 16 December 2008
1905:
1640: – U.S. federal law enforcement agency
1622: – U.S. federal law enforcement agency
1557:
1114:and other social networking sites (such as
838:exploitation by criminals and terrorists."
829:) reported that Interpol Secretary-General
544:
452:
410:" for personal reasons. Another example is
82:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5110:
5096:
4633:
4619:
3804:
3790:
3592:
3208:"California Office of Identity Protection"
1490: – Access control by authenticated ID
417:
3292:. In.gov. 6 December 2013. Archived from
3178:Harrell, Erika and Lynn Langton. (2013).
2883:, Identity Theft UK Blog, 3 February 2010
2276:
2266:
1791:
1754:. Oxford University Press. September 2007
1659:Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
1628: – US federal law enforcement agency
657:processing personal identifiers (such as
474:
219:Learn how and when to remove this message
201:Learn how and when to remove this message
138:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Deliberate use of someone else's identity
3530:Identity Crime Research and Coordination
2710:"Identity crime and misuse in Australia"
2349:
2233:
2083:
2015:"Identity Theft Resource Center website"
1935:
1626:U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
1338:In Massachusetts in 2009–2010, Governor
484:
230:
3650:Florencio, D.; Herley, C. (June 2011).
3317:. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 2010
3290:"Attorney General: ID Theft Prevention"
1813:"My Three Years in Identity Theft Hell"
1691:2007 UK child benefit data misplacement
1632:United States Postal Inspection Service
1004:
513:
14:
5684:
3753:
3233:"DATCP Home Identity Theft Protection"
2538:
2536:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2480:
2478:
2320:
2318:
1634: – Federal law enforcement agency
1613:Civil Identity Program of the Americas
5547:Electronic Privacy Information Center
5091:
4614:
3785:
3682:FTC steps for identity theft victims.
3444:"States Offer Data Breach Protection"
2902:, Protect MY ID Blog, 21 January 2011
2759:"The Information Technology Act 2000"
2704:
2702:
2700:
2652:
2394:
2229:
2227:
2164:. World Privacy Forum. Archived from
1941:
1600: – Fake IDs and their production
853:At the Commonwealth level, under the
684:
552:
295:U.S. Government Accountability Office
3512:"Verbal Testimony by Michelle Brown"
3160:. Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2011
3074:
2442:"Identity Theft Protection Services"
2086:"Detecting synthetic identity fraud"
1811:Drew Armstrong (13 September 2017).
1383:
1379:
1166:Legally, Sweden is an open society.
705:Identity protection by organizations
149:
88:
47:
5527:Center for Democracy and Technology
3719:United States Department of Justice
3411:. Taxpayer Advocate. Archived from
3270:from the original on 4 October 2013
2533:
2495:
2475:
2315:
1519: – Branch of computer security
1255:Identity theft in the United States
590:personally identifiable information
431:performed for employment purposes.
24:
4640:
3811:
3652:"Sex, Lies and Cybercrime Surveys"
3462:"Sex, Lies and Cybercrime Surveys"
3354:"Taxpayer Guide to Identity Theft"
2697:
2301:"What is Financial Identity Theft"
2224:
1752:"Oxford English Dictionary online"
1720:
1678:Notable identity thieves and cases
802:
25:
5728:
3754:Roxana, Hegeman (25 March 2013).
3664:
3120:. 1 November 2007. Archived from
3044:(PDF). Retrieved 29 January 2008.
1976:
1543: – American security analyst
1318:U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics
1198:
1131:Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012
1065:Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance
63:This article has multiple issues.
5666:
5665:
5133:Right of access to personal data
5072:
5071:
4405:Perverting the course of justice
3888:
3879:
3827:. Not all types are listed here.
3180:Victims of Identity Theft, 2012.
2084:McFadden, Leslie (16 May 2007).
1672: – U.S. federal legislation
1605:
1388:
1248:
930:$ 4,412 per unrecorded incident
872:causing a loss to another person
807:
491:Government Accountability Office
394:Identity cloning and concealment
154:
93:
52:
4143:Intellectual property violation
3737:. 23 April 2007. Archived from
3643:
3625:
3611:
3586:
3568:
3542:
3523:
3504:
3479:
3454:
3436:
3427:
3372:
3346:
3327:
3308:
3282:
3250:
3225:
3200:
3172:
3128:
3103:
3028:
3001:
2982:
2958:
2939:
2920:
2905:
2886:
2860:
2845:
2824:
2800:
2782:
2751:
2726:
2685:from the original on 2022-01-12
2646:
2621:
2598:
2588:"A Chronology of Data Breaches"
2580:
2561:
2460:
2434:
2415:
2388:
2362:
2343:
2293:
2242:
2198:
2180:
2154:
2129:
2104:
2077:
2055:
2036:
2021:
2007:
2002:Victims of Identity Theft, 2012
1995:
1970:
1917:. heinz.cmu.edu. Archived from
1620:Federal Bureau of Investigation
1567: – Form of financial crime
1367:
932:$ 27,981 per recorded incident
71:or discuss these issues on the
5542:Electronic Frontier Foundation
5522:American Civil Liberties Union
5476:Privacy-enhancing technologies
3598:"Identity Theft Over-Reported"
2977:Congressional Research Service
2350:Loviglio, Joann (March 2012).
2044:"Privacy Rights Clearinghouse"
1899:
1870:
1861:
1835:
1785:
1766:
1744:
1168:The Principle of Public Access
1098:
1086:PUNISHMENT FOR IDENTITY THEFT
730:credit card numbers stolen by
691:Identity Theft Resource Center
663:national identification number
625:Individual identity protection
471:impacts their credit ratings.
344:Identity Theft Resource Center
115:Odd wording/grammar in places.
13:
1:
3389:. US Internal Revenue Service
3360:. US Internal Revenue Service
2457:retrieved on 16 December 2008
2255:JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting
1956:10.1016/s0262-4079(10)60647-1
1738:
1374:data breach notification laws
283:Determining the link between
3680:Identity Theft Recovery Plan
3195:Bureau of Justice Statistics
2395:Olmos, David (6 July 2009).
1950:(2752). Elsevier BV: 20–21.
1732:American Sociological Review
1726:Brensinger, Jordan (2023). "
1685:2017 Equifax security breach
1638:United States Secret Service
1473: – Psychiatric disorder
1028:
841:
814:Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
7:
5267:Data protection authorities
5117:
2991:. Retrieved 30 June 2006.
2399:. Bloomberg. Archived from
2234:Clemente, Jean (Feb 2010).
1848:Wisconsin State Legislature
1819:. Bloomberg. Archived from
1457:
958:Under section 402.2 of the
724:failure to ensure adequate
643:US Federal Trade Commission
335:Levels of identity security
177:, discuss the issue on the
113:. The specific problem is:
10:
5733:
5471:Social networking services
4168:Possessing stolen property
3724:Dateline NBC investigation
3705:Carnegie Mellon University
3258:"Indiana General Assembly"
3191:U.S. Department of Justice
2653:Rossi, Ben (8 July 2015).
1915:Heinz First Research Paper
1298:The Act also provides the
1270:U.S. Code Title 18, § 1028
1252:
565:tax-related identity theft
556:
478:
332:
299:Carnegie Mellon University
40:
29:
5661:
5585:
5562:Global Network Initiative
5514:
5506:Virtual assistant privacy
5486:Privacy-invasive software
5414:
5378:
5265:
5161:
5125:
5062:
4955:
4919:
4822:
4796:
4649:
4582:
4547:
4447:
4414:
4363:
4317:
4211:
4071:
3905:
3877:
3833:
3820:
3633:"Measuring the black web"
3554:"What is Identity theft?"
3467:. Microsoft. 15 June 2011
3315:"Consumer Identity Theft"
2618:. Retrieved 30 June 2006.
2116:www.worldprivacyforum.org
1670:Fair Credit Reporting Act
1598:Identity document forgery
1589:Ghosting (identity theft)
1508:Internet fraud prevention
1397:This section needs to be
1264:, lines-of-credit fraud,
1145:
1057:imprisonment for 14 years
1016:
973:Under section 403 of the
953:
786:
34:. For the 2013 film, see
5712:Organized crime activity
4267:(such as prohibition of
3735:US Department of Justice
3715:Identity Theft and Fraud
3675:Federal Trade Commission
3535:30 December 2005 at the
3185:7 September 2016 at the
3118:Federal Trade Commission
3089:Federal Trade Commission
3040:17 February 2013 at the
3010:"Getting Red Flag Ready"
2989:Federal Trade Commission
2964:Doyle, Charles. (2013).
1661: – U.S. federal law
1558:Types of fraud and theft
1354:Identity Theft Affidavit
1300:Federal Trade Commission
1205:Data Protection Act 1998
1074:
1033:Under HK Laws. Chap 210
879:Imprisonment for 5 years
866:135.1 General dishonesty
711:Federal Trade Commission
679:credit report monitoring
580:for filing tax returns.
545:Financial identity theft
528:Federal Trade Commission
459:synthetic identity theft
453:Synthetic identity theft
328:
5557:Future of Privacy Forum
5552:European Digital Rights
3321:5 November 2011 at the
2995:31 January 2006 at the
2971:11 October 2016 at the
2330:www.citrincooperman.com
1665:Fair Credit Billing Act
1645:
1585: – Fraud technique
1488:Identity-based security
1241:Statistics released by
825:(which is based in the
775:Using various types of
418:Criminal identity theft
41:For the 1953 film, see
5598:Cellphone surveillance
5515:Advocacy organizations
5138:Expectation of privacy
4385:Miscarriage of justice
3726:'To Catch an ID Thief'
3339:11 August 2011 at the
2853:"CIFAS: your identity"
2632:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1779:9 October 2015 at the
1483:Criminal impersonation
1188:
1096:
1061:
991:
971:
927:Police recorded fraud
883:
859:Criminal Code Act 1995
766:client confidentiality
659:Social Security number
647:Canadian Phone Busters
575:The 14039 Form to the
572:trouble with the IRS.
569:Social Security Number
497:
475:Medical identity theft
463:social security number
237:
5577:Privacy International
5148:Right to be forgotten
4706:Intellectual property
4380:Malfeasance in office
3823:Note: Crimes vary by
3556:. identitytheft.co.uk
3518:on 21 September 2012.
3450:on 13 September 2012.
3124:on 11 September 2008.
3070:on 11 September 2008.
2610:22 April 2011 at the
2427:17 April 2016 at the
2112:"World Privacy Forum"
2050:on 21 September 2012.
2033:, World Privacy Forum
1351:fill out Form 14039,
1323:At least two states,
1081:
1050:benefit to any person
1039:
981:
966:
863:
779:information, such as
667:mnemonic Major System
488:
362:Child identity theft.
333:Further information:
274:electronic signatures
249:identity infringement
234:
32:Identity Theft (film)
4473:Cybersex trafficking
4235:Censorship violation
3741:on 11 September 2007
3621:. BBC. 10 June 2011.
3580:bestidprotection.com
2738:www.journaldunet.com
2017:. idtheftcenter.org.
1823:on 19 September 2017
1465:Account verification
1005:Proposed legislation
514:Child identity theft
339:Sources such as the
183:create a new article
175:improve this article
120:improve this article
109:to meet Knowledge's
5613:Global surveillance
5481:Privacy engineering
5466:Personal identifier
5416:Information privacy
5153:Post-mortem privacy
4265:Illegal consumption
3937:Criminal negligence
3415:on 18 December 2014
3035:72 Fed. Reg. 70944
2679:The Daily Telegraph
2194:on 23 January 2013.
1772:Synthetic ID Theft
1230:offences under the
905:Commonwealth fraud
890:
701:accounts or loans.
368:illegal immigration
5707:Identity documents
5653:Personality rights
5054:White-collar crime
4920:Government-related
4468:Child sexual abuse
4433:Wildlife smuggling
4423:Cruelty to animals
4212:Against the public
4041:Negligent homicide
3952:False imprisonment
3907:Against the person
3639:. 15 October 2011.
3582:. 9 February 2022.
3296:on 11 January 2014
2975:Washington, D.C.:
2548:Credit Union Times
1214:(which extends to
1152:identity documents
1037:, sec. 16A Fraud:
999:crown corporations
900:Total direct cost
897:Cost per incident
888:
795:but also in other
685:Potential outcomes
553:Tax identity theft
539:Digital kidnapping
498:
400:illegal immigrants
307:malicious software
253:credit card number
238:
5717:Security breaches
5679:
5678:
5623:Mass surveillance
5085:
5084:
4823:Financial-related
4608:
4607:
4591:Wikimedia Commons
4549:Inchoate offenses
4493:Indecent exposure
3982:Human trafficking
3947:Domestic violence
3189:Washington, D.C.
2953:on 1 August 2012.
2934:on 1 August 2012.
2796:on 10 March 2016.
2639:978-1-137-58904-0
2575:on 1 August 2012.
2422:IDtheftcenter.org
2303:. ID Theft Center
2212:. 12 January 2016
1906:Sasha Romanosky.
1774:Cyber Space Times
1517:Internet security
1452:national ID cards
1418:
1417:
1380:Spread and impact
1316:According to the
1266:credit card fraud
1043:intent to defraud
940:
939:
770:political privacy
429:background checks
388:medical insurance
319:homeland security
229:
228:
221:
211:
210:
203:
185:, as appropriate.
148:
147:
140:
111:quality standards
102:This article may
86:
16:(Redirected from
5724:
5669:
5668:
5537:Data Privacy Lab
5496:Privacy software
5143:Right to privacy
5112:
5105:
5098:
5089:
5088:
5075:
5074:
4650:Business-related
4635:
4628:
4621:
4612:
4611:
4255:Ethnic cleansing
4193:Trespass to land
4088:Arms trafficking
3898:
3893:
3892:
3883:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3783:
3782:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3673:– United States
3659:
3658:
3656:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3546:
3540:
3527:
3521:
3519:
3514:. Archived from
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3466:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3446:. Archived from
3440:
3434:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3384:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3350:
3344:
3331:
3325:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3269:
3262:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3210:. Archived from
3204:
3198:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3151:
3145:
3143:
3142:on 31 July 2012.
3138:. Archived from
3132:
3126:
3125:
3115:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3091:. September 2002
3086:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3063:. Archived from
3062:
3054:
3045:
3032:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3012:. Archived from
3005:
2999:
2986:
2980:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2949:. Archived from
2943:
2937:
2935:
2930:. Archived from
2924:
2918:
2916:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2896:. Archived from
2890:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2870:. Archived from
2864:
2858:
2856:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2812:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2792:. Archived from
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2770:
2764:. Archived from
2763:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2714:
2706:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2676:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2625:
2619:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2594:on 13 June 2010.
2590:. Archived from
2584:
2578:
2576:
2571:. Archived from
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2506:
2493:
2492:
2482:
2473:
2471:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2444:. Archived from
2438:
2432:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2372:. Archived from
2370:"Identity Theft"
2366:
2360:
2359:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2322:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2280:
2270:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2168:on 16 April 2013
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2073:on 19 July 2015.
2069:. Archived from
2059:
2053:
2051:
2046:. Archived from
2040:
2034:
2032:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1923:
1912:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1882:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1789:
1783:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1748:
1714:Charles Stopford
1594:
1546:
1541:Robert Siciliano
1537:
1528:
1513:
1504:
1471:Capgras delusion
1450:introduction of
1413:
1410:
1404:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1220:Northern Ireland
936:$ 3,260,141,049
891:
887:
833:told a forum in
823:Big News Network
762:consumer privacy
726:network security
605:cheques (checks)
446:data aggregators
276:, fingerprints,
224:
217:
206:
199:
195:
192:
186:
158:
157:
150:
143:
136:
132:
129:
123:
97:
96:
89:
78:
56:
55:
48:
21:
5732:
5731:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5721:
5697:1964 neologisms
5682:
5681:
5680:
5675:
5657:
5581:
5510:
5410:
5374:
5261:
5255:amended in 2020
5157:
5121:
5116:
5086:
5081:
5058:
5015:honest services
4951:
4915:
4818:
4792:
4645:
4639:
4609:
4604:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4523:Sex trafficking
4449:Sexual offenses
4443:
4442:
4441:
4415:Against animals
4410:
4409:
4408:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4123:False pretenses
4067:
4066:
4065:
4029:Preterintention
3901:
3894:
3887:
3884:
3875:
3829:
3816:
3810:
3764:
3762:
3744:
3742:
3729:
3667:
3662:
3654:
3648:
3644:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3600:
3591:
3587:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3559:
3557:
3552:(26 May 2004).
3547:
3543:
3537:Wayback Machine
3528:
3524:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3495:
3493:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3432:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3341:Wayback Machine
3332:
3328:
3323:Wayback Machine
3313:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3217:
3215:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3187:Wayback Machine
3177:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3094:
3092:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3067:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3048:
3042:Wayback Machine
3033:
3029:
3019:
3017:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2997:Wayback Machine
2987:
2983:
2973:Wayback Machine
2963:
2959:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2900:on 8 July 2012.
2892:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2742:
2740:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2659:Information Age
2651:
2647:
2640:
2626:
2622:
2612:Wayback Machine
2603:
2599:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2542:
2541:
2534:
2507:
2496:
2483:
2476:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2451:
2449:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2429:Wayback Machine
2420:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2403:on 17 June 2013
2393:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2324:
2323:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2247:
2243:
2232:
2225:
2215:
2213:
2210:CreditCards.com
2204:
2203:
2199:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2082:
2078:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1987:
1985:
1975:
1971:
1940:
1936:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1910:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1809:
1805:
1790:
1786:
1781:Wayback Machine
1771:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1723:
1721:Further reading
1718:
1708:Yuri Kondratyuk
1702:Albert Gonzalez
1680:
1675:
1648:
1643:
1608:
1603:
1592:
1571:Carding (fraud)
1560:
1555:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1511:
1502:
1460:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1370:
1362:cloud computing
1257:
1251:
1201:
1148:
1101:
1077:
1035:Theft Ordinance
1031:
1019:
1007:
956:
916:Personal fraud
894:Fraud category
844:
831:Ronald K. Noble
810:
805:
803:Legal responses
793:darknet markets
789:
707:
687:
635:phishing attack
627:
586:
561:
555:
547:
516:
503:medical records
483:
481:Medical privacy
477:
455:
436:criminal record
420:
396:
384:payment systems
337:
331:
245:identity piracy
225:
214:
213:
212:
207:
196:
190:
187:
172:
159:
155:
144:
133:
127:
124:
117:
98:
94:
57:
53:
46:
43:Stolen Identity
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5730:
5720:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5692:Identity theft
5677:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5638:Search warrant
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5618:Identity theft
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5589:
5587:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5491:Privacy policy
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5431:
5426:
5420:
5418:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5382:
5380:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5370:United Kingdom
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5285:European Union
5282:
5277:
5271:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5243:
5241:United Kingdom
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5201:European Union
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5167:
5165:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5122:
5115:
5114:
5107:
5100:
5092:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5079:
5069:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5029:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4973:Counterfeiting
4970:
4965:
4959:
4957:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4800:
4798:
4797:Family-related
4794:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4676:Pharmaceutical
4669:
4664:
4659:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4638:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4615:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4533:Sexual slavery
4530:
4528:Sexual assault
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4250:Hostage-taking
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4014:
4009:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3809:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3771:
3751:
3727:
3721:
3712:
3707:
3701:Identity Theft
3698:
3692:Identity theft
3689:
3683:
3677:
3671:Identity theft
3666:
3665:External links
3663:
3661:
3660:
3642:
3624:
3610:
3594:Bruce Schneier
3585:
3567:
3541:
3522:
3503:
3478:
3453:
3435:
3426:
3400:
3371:
3345:
3326:
3307:
3281:
3249:
3224:
3199:
3171:
3146:
3127:
3102:
3073:
3046:
3027:
3007:Michael, Sara
3000:
2981:
2957:
2938:
2919:
2904:
2885:
2859:
2844:
2823:
2799:
2781:
2750:
2725:
2696:
2664:
2645:
2638:
2620:
2597:
2579:
2560:
2532:
2494:
2474:
2459:
2433:
2414:
2387:
2361:
2342:
2314:
2292:
2241:
2223:
2197:
2179:
2153:
2128:
2103:
2092:. pp. 1–2
2076:
2054:
2035:
2020:
2006:
1994:
1969:
1934:
1898:
1869:
1860:
1834:
1803:
1784:
1765:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1696:Frank Abagnale
1693:
1688:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1595:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1514:
1505:
1496:
1494:Identity score
1491:
1485:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1416:
1415:
1409:September 2023
1396:
1394:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1369:
1366:
1289:18 U.S.C.
1277:18 U.S.C.
1262:mortgage fraud
1250:
1247:
1232:Theft Act 1968
1200:
1199:United Kingdom
1197:
1147:
1144:
1100:
1097:
1090:to rupees one
1076:
1073:
1030:
1027:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1003:
955:
952:
938:
937:
934:
928:
924:
923:
922:$ 656,550,506
920:
917:
913:
912:
911:$ 353,866,740
909:
906:
902:
901:
898:
895:
843:
840:
809:
806:
804:
801:
788:
785:
758:
757:
745:
742:
735:
728:
722:
706:
703:
686:
683:
626:
623:
622:
621:
611:
601:
598:public records
585:
582:
554:
551:
546:
543:
515:
512:
495:Medicare cards
476:
473:
454:
451:
419:
416:
395:
392:
364:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
330:
327:
290:Identity fraud
257:identity theft
241:Identity theft
227:
226:
209:
208:
169:of the subject
167:worldwide view
162:
160:
153:
146:
145:
128:September 2018
101:
99:
92:
87:
61:
60:
58:
51:
36:Identity Thief
26:
18:False identity
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5729:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5672:
5664:
5663:
5660:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5608:Eavesdropping
5606:
5604:
5603:Data security
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5584:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5501:Secret ballot
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5461:Personal data
5459:
5457:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5413:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5256:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5246:United States
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5164:
5160:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5113:
5108:
5106:
5101:
5099:
5094:
5093:
5090:
5078:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5061:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5010:Mail and wire
5008:
5006:
5005:Impersonation
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4995:Fraud factory
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4918:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4906:Shill bidding
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4778:Telemarketing
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4746:Ghost network
4744:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4701:Impersonation
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4636:
4631:
4629:
4624:
4622:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4483:Homosexuality
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4369:
4367:
4362:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4321:
4316:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4283:Miscegenation
4281:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4163:Pickpocketing
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4077:
4075:
4070:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3967:Home invasion
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:Assassination
3915:
3914:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3891:
3886:
3882:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3819:
3815:
3807:
3802:
3800:
3795:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3761:
3757:
3752:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3657:. Proc. WEIS.
3653:
3646:
3638:
3637:The Economist
3634:
3628:
3620:
3614:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3526:
3517:
3513:
3507:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3463:
3457:
3449:
3445:
3439:
3430:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3388:
3381:
3375:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3342:
3338:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3266:
3259:
3253:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3214:on 2012-08-05
3213:
3209:
3203:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3175:
3156:
3150:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3112:
3106:
3090:
3083:
3077:
3066:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3031:
3016:on 2012-09-11
3015:
3011:
3004:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2955:, 20 May 1998
2952:
2948:
2942:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2914:
2908:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2874:on 2012-07-01
2873:
2869:
2863:
2854:
2848:
2833:
2827:
2809:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2771:on 2013-07-24
2767:
2760:
2754:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2668:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2641:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2490:
2489:
2481:
2479:
2469:
2463:
2448:on 2012-09-07
2447:
2443:
2437:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2418:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2376:on 2012-07-28
2375:
2371:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2302:
2296:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2268:10.2196/54414
2264:
2261:(1): e54414.
2260:
2256:
2252:
2245:
2237:
2230:
2228:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2030:
2024:
2016:
2010:
2003:
1998:
1984:
1983:New Scientist
1980:
1973:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1944:New Scientist
1938:
1924:on 2012-01-20
1920:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1886:
1879:
1873:
1864:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1822:
1818:
1817:Bloomberg.com
1814:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1753:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1653:201 CMR 17.00
1651:
1650:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1606:Organizations
1599:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1583:Check washing
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1551:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1524:
1523:Lapsed lurker
1521:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1412:
1400:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1340:Deval Patrick
1336:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1249:United States
1246:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:Criminal Code
1178:
1177:type of fraud
1172:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1135:communication
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1095:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1058:
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5340:South Korea
5330:Philippines
5320:Netherlands
5315:Isle of Man
5236:Switzerland
5216:New Zealand
4985:Faked death
4978:Superdollar
4956:Other types
4896:Overpayment
4862:Credit card
4830:Advance-fee
4736:Health care
4478:Fornication
4395:Obstruction
4375:Compounding
4183:Tax evasion
3932:Child abuse
3846:Misdemeanor
3550:Home Office
3496:25 December
3487:"Home Page"
3419:18 December
3387:IRS website
3242:25 December
2837:25 December
2816:25 December
2743:25 December
2335:25 December
2172:26 November
2121:25 December
1841:See, e.g.,
1293:§ 1028
1281:§ 1028
1218:but not to
1212:English law
1099:Philippines
995:Privacy Act
993:In Canada,
947:Privacy Act
754:data mining
732:call center
639:letterboxes
559:Tax evasion
521:AllClear ID
441:expungement
191:August 2020
122:if you can.
5686:Categories
5628:Panopticon
5251:California
5126:Principles
5039:Scientific
4901:Securities
4886:Mismarking
4852:Chargeback
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4686:Employment
4667:Disability
4586:WikiSource
4568:Incitement
4563:Conspiracy
4438:Bestiality
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4354:Subversion
4308:War crimes
4303:Usurpation
4230:Corruption
4108:Cybercrime
3992:Kidnapping
3972:Hate crime
3962:Harassment
3942:Defamation
3896:Law portal
3871:Corruption
3861:Indictable
3841:Infraction
3300:24 January
3218:2009-01-08
3020:2009-07-02
2878:2010-02-03
2775:2013-08-20
2718:8 February
2553:18 October
2452:2008-12-16
2380:2009-08-02
2307:3 December
1988:2021-03-19
1928:2009-05-27
1739:References
1565:Bank fraud
1477:Cybercrime
1325:California
1253:See also:
1236:R v Seward
1139:multimedia
739:encryption
609:bank codes
557:See also:
479:See also:
341:Non-profit
236:duplicate.
68:improve it
5593:Anonymity
5429:Financial
5406:Workplace
5396:Education
5305:Indonesia
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5231:Sri Lanka
5226:Singapore
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4804:Fertility
4741:fertility
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3812:Types of
3274:3 October
3136:"FTC.gov"
3095:5 January
2928:"FTC.gov"
2527:1581-1832
2407:4 January
1964:0262-4079
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1444:Australia
1329:Wisconsin
1228:deception
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842:Australia
835:Abu Dhabi
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756:services.
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278:passwords
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5434:Internet
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4751:quackery
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4220:Apostasy
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4074:property
4072:Against
4056:Stabbing
4051:Stalking
4034:Homicide
3997:Menacing
3977:Homicide
3765:27 March
3760:ABC News
3745:24 April
3533:Archived
3471:11 March
3337:Archived
3319:Archived
3265:Archived
3183:Archived
3038:Archived
2993:Archived
2969:Archived
2683:Archived
2608:Archived
2425:Archived
2356:NBC News
2287:38381499
2278:10918551
2216:22 April
1777:Archived
1550:Spamming
1532:Pharming
1499:Impostor
1458:See also
1224:Scotland
1161:skimming
1120:Multiply
1112:Facebook
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908:$ 2,111
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265:identity
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104:require
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5206:Germany
5196:England
5191:Denmark
5119:Privacy
5044:Spyware
5027:Romance
4990:Forgery
4968:Charity
4947:Welfare
4927:Benefit
4881:Lottery
4866:carding
4657:Billing
4558:Attempt
4400:Perjury
4366:justice
4334:Treason
4277:smoking
4273:alcohol
4240:Dueling
4225:Begging
4173:Robbery
4153:Looting
4148:Larceny
4128:Forgery
4098:Bribery
4061:Torture
4046:Robbery
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3927:Battery
3922:Assault
3856:Summary
3834:Classes
3603:30 June
3393:29 June
3364:29 June
3358:IRS.gov
3164:24 June
2917:, CIFAS
2857:, CIFAS
1853:19 July
1399:updated
1226:), the
1185:Swedish
1179:in the
1116:Twitter
1048:(a) in
631:privacy
619:MySpace
615:Twitter
425:fake ID
106:cleanup
5444:Google
5365:Turkey
5350:Sweden
5335:Poland
5325:Norway
5290:France
5221:Russia
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4463:Bigamy
4288:Piracy
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4320:state
4269:drugs
4188:Theft
4133:Fraud
4083:Arson
3814:crime
3655:(PDF)
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1243:CIFAS
1216:Wales
1193:libel
1075:India
507:HIPAA
329:Types
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5572:NOYB
5067:list
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5000:Hoax
4942:Visa
4864:and
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4788:Wine
4691:Food
4672:Drug
4513:Rape
3767:2013
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3605:2006
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3473:2015
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2720:2018
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2634:ISBN
2555:2018
2523:ISSN
2409:2011
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2309:2014
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2218:2019
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1960:ISSN
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1794:SSRN
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