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204:) shows him attempting a gold bullion robbery but being himself attacked and robbed by the disguised Hal and his companions. Falstaff returns to his base at the inn and drowns his sorrows in drink. In his drunken sleep, he dreams of his youth, when he was a slim page to the Duke of Norfolk. Here too Boito/Verdi and Elgar treat the same material quite differently: in the opera, Falstaff's nostalgic reminiscence is a lively little aria ("Quand' ero paggio"), but Elgar's treatment is slow and wistful.
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Festival commissioned Elgar to write a new work to be performed the following year. Before the première Elgar told a reporter, "I have, I think, enjoyed writing it more than any other music I have composed and perhaps for that reason it may prove to be among my better efforts". It was first performed
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in a
Gloucestershire orchard. This is dispelled by the news of the King's death and Prince Hal's accession. As in the play, Falstaff hurries to London, confident of favours from the new monarch, but is instead dismissed and banished. Finally the broken Falstaff, having crept away, lies dying – "the
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The work was well received at its première in 1913, but did not inspire the great enthusiasm aroused by some of Elgar's earlier works. The composer thought it his finest orchestral piece, and many Elgar admirers agree, but it has not become a popular favourite. Compared to other Elgar works, it is
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Falstaff is scored for an orchestra of two flutes and piccolo, two oboes and cor anglais, two clarinets and bass clarinet, two bassoons and contrabassoon, four horns, three trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, percussion (side drum, triangle, tabor, tambourine, bass drum, cymbals), two harps
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wrote that " made the band do it all, and with such masterful success that one cannot bear to think what would have been the result of a mere attempt to turn the play into an opera." Others were less impressed with the work. The dedicatee, Landon Ronald, admitted to
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chord in the brass and a hushed roll on the side-drum portray
Falstaff's death. The work ends with a very brief version of Prince Hal's theme showing, in the composer's words, that "the man of stern reality has triumphed."
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Though concert performances have been comparatively rare, the work has been well served in recordings. There were no fewer than 20 recorded versions of the work by 2007. The composer's own 1931–1932 recording with the
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opined that the conductor (Andrew Davis) "could not do much, in fact, to rescue the character's spirited braggadocio from the programmatic detail that smothered the music." The well-known
Elgarian writer
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praised for its "spacious yet purposeful conception" and "meticulous fidelity to the letter and spirit of the score and architectural splendour." In 2005, the BBC also recommended a
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was closely associated with the work and made three recordings of it. His final version, set down in 1973, was praised by critics for emphasising the "symphonic'" aspect. In 1978,
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commented, "the work is unsurpassed in modern music for variety, effectiveness and sureness of orchestral writing." The London première was on 3 November 1913, at the
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213:. After Falstaff's summons to court and commission to raise soldiers for the King's army, there is a battle scene and then a second interlude, an English
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as "one of the immeasurably great things in music" with power "identical with
Shakespeare's," and the 1955 reference work
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said of the London première that it was played to "a not very large but very enthusiastic audience" and subsequently
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and selected
Barbirolli's recording as "the essential choice" and "one of the pinnacles of the Elgar discography."
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117:– The Boar's Head. Revelry and sleep – Dream Interlude: 'Jack Falstaff, now Sir John, a boy, and page to
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of its day that suffers nothing by comparison with the best of
Richard Strauss's works in the genre".
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In the first section, Elgar establishes the two main themes of the piece, that for Prince Hal (marked
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infrequently played in the concert hall, although it is well represented in the CD catalogues.
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that it was a "great work" but "so far as public appreciation goes, a comparative failure."
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The subsequent development of the score follows closely the key events of the two parts of
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has remained less popular than other major Elgar works, though much loved by aficionados.
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king hath killed his heart" – and after a return of the theme of the second interlude, a
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best." Even during Elgar's lifetime, the musical scholar Percy
Scholes wrote of
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Reed, p. 151. Reed played the violin solos in Elgar's recording of the work.
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Shaw's Music – The
Complete Musical Criticism of Bernard Shaw, Volume 3
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noted in its obituary of Elgar that though "a majority would call
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Shaw, George
Bernard. "The Music of the Future", Laurence, p. 534
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adapted these words of
Falstaff for his libretto for the
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his greatest work" most people would "say they like the
139:'s progress – The repudiation of Falstaff, and his death
38:, Op. 68, is an orchestral work by the English composer
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at Leeds on 1 October 1913, conducted by the composer.
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Elgar Society's list of world-wide public performances
42:. Though not so designated by the composer, it is a
174:, but the Falstaff of the opera is essentially the
392:recorded a version for Classics for Pleasure that
327:criticised the work for "too frequent reliance on
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647:for November 2007 included 9 performances of the
462:Heyworth, Peter. "Falstaff and the Verdi canon",
439:, Vol. 54, No. 847 (1 September 1913), pp. 575–79
339:the highest point of his purely orchestral work.
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207:Part III of the score moves to Shakespeare's
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502:Achenbach, Andrew, "A knight to remember",
128:III. Falstaff's march – The return through
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872:Verdi, Giuseppe; Arrigo Boito (1980) .
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25:Adolf Schrödter: Falstaff and his page
1947:The Life and Death of King Richard II
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690:, May 1937, p. 9; and Sanders, Alan.
686:Webb, A W B, "The Elgar Recordings",
1640:There are seven that pull the thread
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733:Radio 3 Record Review online archive
719:March, Ivan. "Falstaff and others",
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187:whereas Elgar's is the Falstaff of
89:Elgar set out the divisions of the
81:(second harp ad lib), and strings.
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1605:Dry those fair, those crystal eyes
1274:Duett for trombone and double bass
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804:Moore, Jerrold Northrop (1998) .
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374:compared 20 recorded versions of
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876:. New York: Dover Publications.
2295:The Famous Victories of Henry V
827:. London: J M Dent & Sons.
768:Barbirolli – Conductor Laureate
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673:and the Symphonies but none of
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230:History and critical reception
1:
1125:Pomp and Circumstance Marches
785:Laurence, Dan H, ed. (1989).
770:. London: MacGibbon and Kee.
740:
406:English Northern Philharmonia
390:London Philharmonic Orchestra
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2408:Compositions by Edward Elgar
751:. London: BBC Publications.
93:in an "analytical essay" in
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1375:From the Bavarian Highlands
593:Kennedy (Barbirolli), p. 82
435:Elgar, Edward. "Falstaff",
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2330:The Merry Wives of Windsor
807:Notes to EMI CDM 7 63113 2
183:The Merry Wives of Windsor
31:Falstaff – Symphonic Study
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747:Kennedy, Michael (1970).
518:, 1 November 1913, p. 744
484:Verdi, II.ii, pp. 239–242
350:London Symphony Orchestra
1696:The Chariots of the Lord
1682:Was it some Golden Star?
1526:Is she not passing fair?
1141:Introduction and Allegro
810:. London: EMI Classics.
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2014:Henry the Fouth, Part I
1955:King Richard the Second
1761:Elgar Birthplace Museum
1475:Like to the Damask Rose
1447:The Language of Flowers
1197:Une voix dans le désert
1028:(1932–34; completed by
554:, 1 August 1929, p. 696
530:, 4 November 1913 p. 11
316:in 1983, the critic of
16:Symphonic work by Elgar
2288:Holinshed's Chronicles
1582:Sabbath Morning at Sea
1383:The Dream of Gerontius
1149:In the South (Alassio)
841:Sackville-West, Edward
749:Elgar Orchestral Music
723:, February 1978, p. 34
616:Kennedy (Elgar), p. 35
575:Sackville-West, p. 255
506:, November 2007, p. 57
172:opera of the same name
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58:, the "fat knight" of
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1675:Oh, soft was the song
1612:Always and Everywhere
1533:As I laye a-thynkynge
1503:Through the Long Days
1428:The Spirit of England
1096:Three Bavarian Dances
978:The Starlight Express
845:Shawe-Taylor, Desmond
314:New York Philharmonic
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1724:The Immortal Legions
1088:Serenade for Strings
947:List of compositions
566:, January 1935, p. 1
542:, April 1934, p. 109
46:in the tradition of
2307:Thomas of Woodstock
1865:William Shakespeare
1619:Come, Gentle Night!
1517:The Shepherd's Song
1056:Powick Asylum Music
962:Diarmuid and Grania
859:. London: Collins.
125:' (Poco allegretto)
60:William Shakespeare
2385:Suite from Henry V
2377:At the Boar's Head
2350:Falstaff's Wedding
2342:Sir John Oldcastle
2132:Chimes at Midnight
2065:Chimes at Midnight
2006:Chimes at Midnight
1963:Richard the Second
1717:The Blue Mountains
1654:Follow the Colours
1117:Cockaigne Overture
970:The Crown of India
823:Reed, W H (1939).
709:Building a Library
694:, June 1992, p. 92
604:The New York Times
319:The New York Times
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2418:1913 compositions
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1766:The Elgar Sisters
1731:Pageant of Empire
1482:Queen Mary's Song
1454:The Self Banished
1104:Enigma Variations
1048:The Wand of Youth
564:Music and Letters
552:The Musical Times
540:Music and Letters
516:The Musical Times
453:, II. iv. 400–401
437:The Musical Times
402:David Lloyd-Jones
263:Music and Letters
241:The Musical Times
96:The Musical Times
56:Sir John Falstaff
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2156:The Hollow Crown
2087:Henry IV, Part 2
2081:The Hollow Crown
2048:Henry IV, Part 2
2028:Henry IV, Part 1
2022:The Hollow Crown
1989:Henry IV, Part 1
1971:The Hollow Crown
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1489:A Song of Autumn
1420:The Music Makers
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1305:Chanson de Matin
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649:Cello Concerto
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119:Thomas Mowbray
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2428:John Falstaff
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2361:Related music
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1800:August Jaeger
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1776:Elgar Uplands
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1633:Speak, Music!
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1324:Piano Quintet
1322:
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1312:Violin Sonata
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1289:Salut d'Amour
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1212:Nursery Suite
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853:Mann, William
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705:BBC CD Review
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466:, 14 May 1961
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400:recording by
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354:Fred Gaisberg
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299:as "the only
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249:Landon Ronald
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2261:Nell Quickly
2207:Corporal Nym
2168:
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2114:
2106:
2093:
2085:
2079:
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2012:
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1996:
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1961:
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1929:
1921:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1868:
1781:
1749:Other topics
1729:
1647:In Moonlight
1561:Sea Pictures
1559:
1468:Seven Lieder
1466:
1426:
1418:
1412:The Apostles
1410:
1402:
1394:
1386:(1899–1900)
1381:
1373:
1365:
1346:
1341:Organ Sonata
1303:
1295:
1287:
1279:
1203:
1195:
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1080:Sursum corda
1078:
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938:Edward Elgar
873:
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634:Reed, p. 113
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475:Reed, p. 110
471:
464:The Observer
463:
458:
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380:
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346:
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305:Bernard Shaw
296:
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245:Queen's Hall
240:
234:In 1912 the
233:
208:
206:
199:
195:
193:
188:
181:
175:
165:Arrigo Boito
160:
158:
137:King Henry V
105:Prince Henry
94:
88:
79:
70:
63:
40:Edward Elgar
30:
29:
28:
18:
1805:Alice Elgar
1626:In the Dawn
1598:" (1897–99)
1596:The Swimmer
1396:The Kingdom
1228:Concertante
1059:(1879–1884)
1051:(1869–1907)
366:BBC Radio 3
48:Franz Liszt
2402:Categories
2266:Richard II
2237:Prince Hal
2202:Charles VI
2185:Characters
2143:(1979; TV)
2127:(1960; TV)
2076:(1979; TV)
2060:(1960; TV)
2031:(2012; TV)
2017:(1979; TV)
2001:(1960; TV)
1980:(2012; TV)
1977:Richard II
1958:(1979; TV)
1950:(1960; TV)
1942:(1960; TV)
1934:(1954; TV)
1922:Richard II
1883:Richard II
1461:A War Song
1254:(1918–19)
1237:(1901–10)
1040:Orchestral
1017:(1909–11)
1006:(1907–08)
997:Symphonies
954:Incidental
883:0486240177
796:0370312724
777:0261633368
758:0563101504
741:References
721:Gramophone
692:Gramophone
504:Gramophone
410:Gramophone
394:Gramophone
371:Gramophone
343:Recordings
333:W. H. Reed
295:described
1914:On screen
1649:" ((1904)
1431:(1915–17)
1415:(1902–03)
1399:(1901–06)
1378:(1895–96)
1370:(1889–93)
1326:(1918–19)
1152:(1904–05)
1144:(1904–05)
1128:(1901–30)
1120:(1900–01)
1072:Froissart
1064:Sevillana
981:(1915–16)
973:(1911–12)
833:223077075
671:Gerontius
658:Gerontius
643:e.g. The
528:The Times
414:Falstaff.
329:sequences
301:tone poem
254:The Times
161:grandioso
111:Eastcheap
99:in 1913:
85:Structure
2369:Falstaff
2227:Henry IV
2222:Fluellen
2217:Falstaff
2197:Bardolph
2170:The King
2095:The King
2036:The King
1823:Category
1741:" (1930)
1726:" (1924)
1719:" (1924)
1712:" (1917)
1705:" (1916)
1698:" (1914)
1691:" (1910)
1689:Twilight
1684:" (1910)
1677:" (1910)
1670:" (1909)
1663:" (1908)
1661:Pleading
1656:" (1907)
1642:" (1901)
1635:" (1901)
1628:" (1901)
1621:" (1901)
1614:" (1901)
1607:" (1899)
1575:In Haven
1556:" (1900)
1549:" (1900)
1542:" (1888)
1535:" (1888)
1528:" (1886)
1519:" (1892)
1512:" (1894)
1505:" (1885)
1498:" (1892)
1491:" (1892)
1484:" (1889)
1477:" (1892)
1463:" (1884)
1456:" (1875)
1449:" (1872)
1334:Keyboard
1181:Carillon
1165:Falstaff
1032:in 1997)
898:Falstaff
874:Falstaff
855:(1955).
816:77584747
675:Falstaff
663:Falstaff
404:and the
388:and the
376:Falstaff
337:Falstaff
297:Falstaff
287:Falstaff
277:Falstaff
267:Falstaff
259:Falstaff
196:Henry IV
189:Henry IV
115:Gadshill
65:Henry IV
2280:Sources
2232:Henry V
2162:Henry V
2148:Henry V
2116:Henry V
2107:Henry V
1904:Henry V
1870:Henriad
1267:Chamber
1246:Romance
1189:Polonia
1173:Sospiri
1107:(1899)
865:5686577
655:, 7 of
651:, 8 of
285:viewed
223:C major
36:C minor
2388:(1963)
2380:(1925)
2372:(1913)
2353:(1760)
2345:(1599)
2173:(2019)
2165:(2012)
2151:(1989)
2135:(1966)
2119:(1944)
2098:(2019)
2090:(2012)
2068:(1966)
2039:(2019)
2009:(1966)
1966:(2001)
1793:Family
1784:(film)
1734:(1924)
1510:Rondel
1423:(1912)
1407:(1902)
1359:Choral
1351:(1901)
1343:(1898)
1320:(1918)
1314:(1918)
1308:(1899)
1300:(1897)
1292:(1888)
1284:(1883)
1281:Idylle
1276:(1887)
1248:(1910)
1220:(1930)
1214:(1930)
1208:(1917)
1200:(1915)
1192:(1915)
1184:(1914)
1176:(1914)
1168:(1913)
1160:(1909)
1136:(1902)
1099:(1898)
1091:(1894)
1083:(1894)
1075:(1890)
1067:(1884)
989:(1917)
965:(1901)
880:
863:
831:
814:
793:
774:
755:
667:Enigma
653:Enigma
272:Enigma
2337:1597)
2314:1593)
2302:1585)
2256:Poins
1782:Elgar
1547:After
1439:Vocal
1157:Elegy
1030:Payne
825:Elgar
419:Notes
398:Naxos
362:Hallé
236:Leeds
220:piano
215:idyll
177:buffo
169:Verdi
91:score
878:ISBN
861:OCLC
829:OCLC
812:OCLC
791:ISBN
772:ISBN
753:ISBN
135:IV.
109:II.
50:and
1867:'s
1739:XTC
358:HMV
356:of
62:'s
34:in
2404::
2335:c.
2312:c.
2300:c.
2159::
2084::
2025::
1974::
851:;
847:;
843:;
669:,
489:^
426:^
251:.
191:.
121:,
113:–
2333:(
2310:(
2298:(
1857:e
1850:t
1843:v
1737:"
1722:"
1715:"
1708:"
1701:"
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1673:"
1666:"
1659:"
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1591:"
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1552:"
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1531:"
1524:"
1515:"
1508:"
1501:"
1494:"
1487:"
1480:"
1473:"
1459:"
1452:"
1445:"
930:e
923:t
916:v
886:.
867:.
835:.
818:.
799:.
780:.
761:.
677:.
185:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.