47:
1117:
1108:
1633:
27:
54:
290:
NE part of the lagoon; another quay, 50 metres (160 feet) long in 5 metres (16 feet) of water, and landing ramps, were constructed in its E part. The access channel is marked, on each side, by two beacons. There is an abandoned airfield, built to accommodate medium size transport aircraft, on the NE coast of the atoll.
389:
adopted a report on the consequences of nuclear testing which concluded that ânuclear testing has had a major impact on health, the environment, society and the
Polynesian economyâ. The Economic, Social and Cultural Council at the start of this report recommends that âthe State recognizes the nuclear
289:
Access to the lagoon is through a pass lying 0.5 miles (0.8 kilometres) SW of the northernmost point of the atoll; the channel has a width of about 60 metres (200 feet) and a dredged depth of 6.5 metres (21.3 feet). A 12-metre-long (39-foot) quay, in 2.5 metres (8.2 feet) of water, is situated in the
377:
Today, Fangataufa serves as a wildlife sanctuary for various species of birds. It is permanently uninhabited, and is classified as a Common
Military Zone. The zone includes the lagoon areas enclosed by the atoll and by baselines linking the closest points emerging from the reef on both sides of the
397:
published a report entitled "Nuclear tests and health - Consequences in French
Polynesia". The objective of this study was to establish an assessment of the available international scientific knowledge on the health consequences of the atmospheric nuclear tests conducted by France in French
270:. The island is approx. 9.5 kilometres (5.9 miles) long and 9.5 kilometres (5.9 miles) wide. It has a lagoon area of 45 square kilometres (17 square miles) and a land area of 5 kilometres (3.1 miles). It is located 37 kilometres (23 miles) south of
935:
378:
channel. Entry is prohibited without authorization. The atoll has been the subject of radiological monitoring since 1998 with an annual environmental sampling campaign carried out by
Defense personnel and the
530:
Dupuy, Claude; Vidal, Philippe; Maury, René C.; Guille, Gérard (1993). "Basalts from
Mururoa, Fangataufa and Gambier islands (French Polynesia): Geochemical dependence on the age of the lithosphere".
385:
In
February 2006 an inquiry by the French Polynesian government found that the French government had lied to the local population about the effects of atmospheric testing. On 15 October 2006, the
954:
266:
which rises some 3,600 metres (11,800 feet) from the seafloor, to a depth of â345 metres (â1,132 feet). The seamount was formed 33.4 - 34.7 million years ago by the
978:
909:
379:
627:
390:
fact and assumes its full responsibility accordinglyâ. In
November 2008 the French government agreed to compensate military personnel involved in the tests.
46:
1022:
1000:
861:
478:
353:
Following increasing criticism from
Pacific countries, France switched to underground testing. Preparations began in 1974, and the first test,
1749:
92:
314:
Occasionally occupied during the 20th century, the atoll was selected by France in 1963 for use as a nuclear test site to replace
251:
948:
1744:
1080:
254:
by the French government. In total, 4 atmospheric and 10 underground nuclear explosions were carried out on the atoll.
365:
saw some testing move to
Fangataufa. Eight further underground tests were conducted on the atoll, with the final one,
361:, on 30 November 1975. Testing then moved exclusively to Mururoa until 1988, when growing safety concerns around the
303:
333:, an atmospheric test, conducted on 24 September 1966. This was followed by three more atmospheric tests, including
1116:
1107:
1734:
1050:
1058:
883:
1632:
190:
386:
323:
1739:
835:
809:
783:
757:
731:
705:
679:
653:
601:
1657:
1051:
Archives sur le Centre d'Expérimentations Nucléaires du
Pacifique (C.E.P.) Ă Mururoa, Hao et Fangataufa
1415:
1353:
486:
299:
250:. The atoll has been fully-owned by the French state since 1964. From 1966 to 1996 it was used as a
446:
576:
362:
31:
Satellite view of Fangataufa Atoll showing the dark blue depths of the induced crater. Courtesy
1652:
1229:
1073:
335:
340:
178:
543:
539:
8:
1662:
243:
437:
called for the return of Fangataufa and Mururoa. A bill to return the atolls by Senator
1667:
1616:
202:
1703:
1066:
944:
551:
407:
1677:
1672:
1097:
547:
442:
438:
322:
in the Algerian Sahara. Along with Mururoa, it was formally ceded to France by the
267:
247:
183:
1708:
1698:
1693:
1256:
1093:
458:
279:
140:
1545:
1540:
1145:
1088:
398:
Polynesia, on the general population and former civilian and military workers.
393:
In February 2021, the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research
862:"France lied about nuclear tests: Tahiti government commisssion [sic]"
1728:
1400:
343:
107:
94:
80:
1647:
1348:
1333:
508:
434:
979:"French Polynesia leader adamant Paris return nuclear weapons test atolls"
1338:
1240:
1176:
1166:
1395:
1389:
1374:
1171:
357:, was carried out on 5 June 1975. This was followed by a second test,
1596:
1570:
1535:
1420:
1363:
1323:
1313:
1302:
423:
275:
577:"The Radiological Situation at the Atolls of Mururoa and Fangataufa"
1713:
1601:
1591:
1530:
1520:
1515:
1504:
1483:
1463:
1447:
1431:
1218:
1212:
1207:
1089:
427:
319:
263:
195:
127:
1023:"Return of nuke test sites yet to be discussed in French Assembly"
910:"Essais nucléaires et santé - Conséquences en Polynésie française"
1586:
1575:
1565:
1550:
1499:
1488:
1473:
1458:
1426:
1358:
1343:
1328:
1291:
1286:
1271:
1245:
1235:
1186:
1181:
419:
315:
271:
1001:"French senate approves bill to return French Polynesian atolls"
937:
Essais nuclĂ©aires et santĂ© â ConsĂ©quences en PolynĂ©sie française
836:"Nuclear experts end first impact survey on Mururoa, Fangataufa"
1580:
1510:
1494:
1478:
1468:
1442:
1437:
1410:
1405:
1384:
1368:
1307:
1296:
1281:
1276:
1266:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1150:
1140:
415:
411:
394:
283:
207:
884:"France finally agrees to pay damages to nuclear test victims"
298:
The first recorded European to arrive at Fangataufa Atoll was
1555:
1525:
1318:
1261:
1155:
602:"LITTLE-KNOWN H-BOMB ATOLLS HAVE A PLACE IN THE HALL OF FAME"
302:
in 1826, who gave it the name "Cockburn island" in honour of
239:
236:
26:
1560:
1452:
1379:
1251:
1160:
790:. Vol. 46, no. 10. 1 October 1975. pp. 12â13
32:
1135:
943:. Expertise Collective (in French). Paris: EDP Sciences.
764:. Vol. 46, no. 8. 1 August 1975. pp. 13â14
758:"Tahiti Letter A scientific bang and a political whimper"
686:. Vol. 33, no. 10. 1 October 1968. p. 26
608:. Vol. XXXIII, no. 10. 1 May 1963. p. 72
346:
test, on 24 August 1968. The last atmospheric test was
712:. Vol. 45, no. 2. 1 February 1974. p. 8
634:. Vol. XXXIII, no. 10. 1 May 1963. p. 8
628:"France To Use Five Tuamotu Atolls In H-Bomb Project"
529:
660:. Vol. 35, no. 3. 1 March 1964. p. 18
483:
Institut de la statistique de la Polynésie française
816:. Vol. 59, no. 5. 1 May 1988. p. 16
738:. Vol. 46, no. 7. 1 July 1975. p. 3
449:by the time it was meant to take effect in 2014.
406:Administratively Fangataufa Atoll is part of the
1726:
137:45 km (17 sq mi) (lagoon)
680:"No Tahitian bouquets for French bomb success"
654:"FRANCE'S H-BOMB ATOLLS ARE REALLY FRENCH NOW"
282:and 1,190 kilometres (740 miles) southeast of
278:, 240 kilometres (150 miles) southwest of the
1074:
445:in 2012, but had not yet been debated by the
433:In January 2012 French Polynesian President
1081:
1067:
850:– via National Library of Australia.
842:. Vol. 70, no. 1. 1 January 2000
824:– via National Library of Australia.
798:– via National Library of Australia.
772:– via National Library of Australia.
746:– via National Library of Australia.
720:– via National Library of Australia.
694:– via National Library of Australia.
668:– via National Library of Australia.
642:– via National Library of Australia.
616:– via National Library of Australia.
274:atoll, 197 kilometres (122 miles) east of
25:
329:The first nuclear test at Fangataufa was
1727:
933:
571:
569:
567:
565:
563:
561:
1062:
309:
262:The atoll is a coral outgrowth of a
558:
532:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
13:
1750:Former populated places in Oceania
53:
14:
1761:
1691:Archipelagos of French Polynesia:
1041:
914:Inserm - La science pour la santé
401:
1631:
1115:
1106:
52:
45:
1015:
993:
971:
927:
902:
876:
854:
828:
802:
776:
750:
724:
414:, which includes the atolls of
139:5 km (2 sq mi) (
810:"France's Nuclear Site Switch"
698:
672:
646:
620:
594:
523:
501:
471:
369:occurring on 27 January 1996.
1:
464:
372:
552:10.1016/0012-821X(93)90119-T
387:Assembly of French Polynesia
363:stability of Muroroa's atoll
257:
7:
452:
242:in the eastern part of the
10:
1766:
293:
191:Administrative subdivision
1745:French nuclear test sites
1686:
1640:
1629:
1610:
1131:
1124:
1104:
300:Frederick William Beechey
218:
213:
201:
189:
177:
168:
163:
159:9.5 km (5.9 mi)
155:
151:9.5 km (5.9 mi)
147:
133:
123:
86:
76:
71:
40:
24:
16:Atoll in French Polynesia
784:"France's biggest bang!"
447:French National Assembly
380:Atomic Energy Commission
1025:. RNZ. 10 February 2014
864:. RNZ. 10 February 2006
840:Pacific Islands Monthly
814:Pacific Islands Monthly
788:Pacific Islands Monthly
762:Pacific Islands Monthly
736:Pacific Islands Monthly
710:Pacific Islands Monthly
684:Pacific Islands Monthly
658:Pacific Islands Monthly
632:Pacific Islands Monthly
606:Pacific Islands Monthly
544:1993E&PSL.117...89D
1735:Atolls of the Tuamotus
1003:. RNZ. 19 January 2012
1619:administration centre
179:Overseas collectivity
350:, on 2 August 1970.
324:Territorial Assembly
235:) is an uninhabited
1090:Tuamotu Archipelago
981:. RNZ. 17 July 2012
244:Tuamotu Archipelago
104: /
21:
1740:Nuclear test sites
1658:Duke of Gloucester
890:. 27 November 2008
511:. Seamount Catalog
509:"Fangataufa Atoll"
222:Uninhabited (2012)
108:22.250°S 138.750°W
19:
1722:
1721:
1627:
1626:
950:978-2-7598-2472-4
339:, France's first
310:Nuclear test site
252:nuclear test site
226:
225:
113:-22.250; -138.750
1757:
1635:
1129:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1098:French Polynesia
1083:
1076:
1069:
1060:
1059:
1049:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
997:
991:
990:
988:
986:
975:
969:
968:
966:
965:
959:
953:. Archived from
942:
931:
925:
924:
922:
921:
906:
900:
899:
897:
895:
880:
874:
873:
871:
869:
858:
852:
851:
849:
847:
832:
826:
825:
823:
821:
806:
800:
799:
797:
795:
780:
774:
773:
771:
769:
754:
748:
747:
745:
743:
728:
722:
721:
719:
717:
702:
696:
695:
693:
691:
676:
670:
669:
667:
665:
650:
644:
643:
641:
639:
624:
618:
617:
615:
613:
598:
592:
591:
589:
587:
581:
573:
556:
555:
527:
521:
520:
518:
516:
505:
499:
498:
496:
494:
489:on 11 April 2020
485:. Archived from
475:
443:Senate of France
439:Richard Tuheiava
268:Pitcairn hotspot
248:French Polynesia
184:French Polynesia
119:
118:
116:
115:
114:
109:
105:
102:
101:
100:
97:
56:
55:
49:
29:
22:
18:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1682:
1636:
1623:
1606:
1122:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1100:
1094:Gambier Islands
1087:
1056:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1004:
999:
998:
994:
984:
982:
977:
976:
972:
963:
961:
957:
951:
940:
934:INSERM (2020).
932:
928:
919:
917:
908:
907:
903:
893:
891:
882:
881:
877:
867:
865:
860:
859:
855:
845:
843:
834:
833:
829:
819:
817:
808:
807:
803:
793:
791:
782:
781:
777:
767:
765:
756:
755:
751:
741:
739:
730:
729:
725:
715:
713:
704:
703:
699:
689:
687:
678:
677:
673:
663:
661:
652:
651:
647:
637:
635:
626:
625:
621:
611:
609:
600:
599:
595:
585:
583:
579:
575:
574:
559:
538:(1â2): 89â100.
528:
524:
514:
512:
507:
506:
502:
492:
490:
477:
476:
472:
467:
459:Force de frappe
455:
404:
375:
312:
304:George Cockburn
296:
280:Gambier Islands
260:
173:
138:
112:
110:
106:
103:
98:
95:
93:
91:
90:
67:
66:
65:
64:
63:
62:
61:
57:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1763:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1653:Disappointment
1650:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1546:Tepoto (South)
1543:
1541:Tepoto (North)
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1300:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1125:Islands/Atolls
1123:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1086:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1043:
1042:External links
1040:
1037:
1036:
1014:
992:
970:
949:
926:
901:
875:
853:
827:
801:
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749:
723:
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671:
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402:Administration
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1641:Island groups
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1598:
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1231:
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1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
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1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1024:
1018:
1002:
996:
980:
974:
960:on 2021-03-06
956:
952:
946:
939:
938:
930:
915:
911:
905:
889:
885:
879:
863:
857:
841:
837:
831:
815:
811:
805:
789:
785:
779:
763:
759:
753:
737:
733:
727:
711:
707:
701:
685:
681:
675:
659:
655:
649:
633:
629:
623:
607:
603:
597:
578:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
526:
510:
504:
488:
484:
480:
474:
470:
460:
457:
456:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
399:
396:
391:
388:
383:
381:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
349:
345:
344:thermonuclear
342:
338:
337:
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81:Pacific Ocean
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28:
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1690:
1614:
1349:Matureivavao
1334:Marutea Nord
1224:
1055:
1027:. Retrieved
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
995:
983:. Retrieved
973:
962:. Retrieved
955:the original
936:
929:
918:. Retrieved
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892:. Retrieved
888:The Guardian
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709:
706:"Bomb Tests"
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688:. Retrieved
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503:
493:25 September
491:. Retrieved
487:the original
482:
479:"Population"
473:
435:Oscar Temaru
432:
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366:
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227:
214:Demographics
170:
1663:King George
1339:Marutea Sud
1241:Hereheretue
1177:Anuanurunga
1167:Angakauitai
1048:(in French)
916:(in French)
441:passed the
141:above water
124:Archipelago
111: /
87:Coordinates
1729:Categories
1668:Two Groups
1396:Nukutepipi
1390:Nukutavake
1375:Nengonengo
1225:Fangataufa
1172:Anuanuraro
1029:24 October
1007:24 October
985:24 October
964:2021-12-17
920:2021-03-06
894:24 October
868:24 October
846:24 October
820:24 October
794:24 October
768:24 October
742:24 October
716:24 October
690:24 October
664:24 October
638:24 October
612:24 October
586:24 October
515:24 October
465:References
373:Since 1998
233:Fangatafoa
229:Fangataufa
219:Population
60:Fangataufa
20:Fangataufa
1709:Societies
1704:Marquesas
1597:Vairaatea
1571:Totegegie
1536:Tenarunga
1421:Puka Puka
1364:Motutunga
1324:Maria Est
1314:Manuhangi
1303:Mangareva
424:Tematangi
341:two-stage
326:in 1964.
276:Tematangi
258:Geography
72:Geography
1714:Tuamotus
1699:Gambiers
1694:Australs
1678:Raeffsky
1673:Palliser
1602:Vanavana
1592:Vahitahi
1531:Tenararo
1521:Tematagi
1516:Tekokota
1505:Tatakoto
1484:Takapoto
1464:Rekareka
1448:Ravahere
1432:Rangiroa
1219:Fangatau
1213:Fakarava
1208:Fakahina
1121:Gambiers
1112:Tuamotus
732:"BLAST!"
453:See also
428:Vanavana
320:In Ecker
264:seamount
196:Tuamotus
128:Tuamotus
99:138°45âČW
77:Location
1617:commune
1587:Vahanga
1576:Tuanake
1566:Tokorua
1551:Tikehau
1500:Taravai
1489:Takaroa
1474:Tahanea
1459:Reitoru
1427:Pukarua
1359:Moruroa
1344:Mataiva
1329:Marokau
1292:Makatea
1287:Makaroa
1272:Kaukura
1246:Hikueru
1236:Haraiki
1187:Aratika
1182:Apataki
1146:Akamaru
540:Bibcode
420:Moruroa
408:commune
382:(CEA).
367:Xouthos
355:Achille
336:Canopus
316:Reggane
294:History
272:Moruroa
203:Commune
96:22°15âČS
1648:Acteon
1581:Tureia
1511:Tauere
1495:Takume
1479:Taiaro
1469:Taenga
1443:Raroia
1438:Raraka
1416:Pinaki
1411:Puaumu
1406:Paraoa
1401:Papuri
1385:Nihiru
1369:Napuka
1354:Morane
1308:Manihi
1297:Makemo
1282:Makapu
1277:Kouaku
1267:Kauehi
1257:Kamaka
1203:Faaite
1198:Aukena
1192:Arutua
1151:Akiaki
1141:Ahunui
947:
582:. 1998
416:Tureia
412:Tureia
395:INSERM
359:Hector
284:Tahiti
208:Tureia
171:France
148:Length
1556:Tikei
1526:Temoe
1319:Manui
1262:Katiu
1156:Amanu
958:(PDF)
941:(PDF)
580:(PDF)
348:Orion
331:Rigel
240:atoll
237:coral
156:Width
1561:Toau
1453:Reao
1380:Niau
1252:Hiti
1161:Anaa
1092:and
1031:2022
1009:2022
987:2022
945:ISBN
896:2022
870:2022
848:2022
822:2022
796:2022
770:2022
744:2022
718:2022
692:2022
666:2022
640:2022
614:2022
588:2022
517:2022
495:2014
426:and
318:and
231:(or
134:Area
33:NASA
1230:Hao
1136:Ahe
1096:of
548:doi
536:117
410:of
246:in
1731::
1615:*
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143:)
35:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
