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169:. They are named the Pitcairn proper, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno. The islands were first discovered by Europeans in 1767 and it is considered one of the most remote islands inhabited on earth. Multibeam bathymetry and bottom imaging has shown there to be hundreds or volcanic structures in a 9500 square kilometer area around the
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composition, ranging from 18.99 to 19.62, depending on how far away from where the hotspot currently lies and how long ago it was formed by the hotspot. Ratios of 87Sr/ 86Sr were calculated to range between 0.70292 and 0.70367 and ratios of Nd/Nd were calculated to be between 0.51303 and 0.51288.
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Multibeam bathymetry shows that the two largest seamounts, Adams and Bounty, rise 2000m above the seafloor. Several other smaller, volcanically active seamounts exist that are shorter than 2000m in height. Bathymetry records have estimated the volume of erupted lava due to volcanic activity to be
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are diverging around 20°S, 115°W. This is where material is thought to be sourced from the core-mantle boundary, rising to surface as a localized plume. Opponents of the hotspot theory instead attribute
Pitcairn hotspot to upwelling at the western end of the
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Using methods of modeling of lead isotopes, the date set for different rocks around
Pitcairn hotspot were estimated to be from 0.6 and 0.7 Ma. The hotspot has four islands that have formed since the hotspot's origin.
197:, islands and atolls that formed about 6.5 Ma, Pitcairn Islands about 0.7 Ma and Pitcairn seamounts about 0.5 Ma. This chain spreads from 21.5 degrees S, 139 degrees W to 25 degrees S, 129.5 degrees W.
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The larger edifices show much more extensive volcanic activity and a wider range of compositions than the smaller. The four different types of rocks that are erupted are classified as either
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over the past 11 million years with several other large seamounts along the chain as well, organized from older to younger the further east you go. Some of these islands make up the
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Kendrick, Mark (March 26, 2014). "Contrasting behaviours of CO2, S, H2O and halogens (F, Cl, Br, and I) in enriched-mantle melts from
Pitcairn and Society seamounts".
526:
Dupuy, Claude (May 15, 1993). "Basalts from
Mururoa, Fangataufa and Gambier islands (French Polynesia): Geochemical dependence on the age of the lithosphere".
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area. East of the main island, there are several active volcanoes that are only just below the surface, less than 500 meters deep.
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have also been observed on the main seamounts displaying a geologic history of the seamounts and past environment around them.
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Ackermand, D (March 3, 1998). "Magmatic sulfides and oxides in volcanic rocks from the
Pitcairn hotspot (South Pacific)".
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39:. Over the past 11 million years, it has formed the Pitcairn-Gambier hotspot chain. It is responsible for creating the
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306:"The Pitcairn hotspot in the South Pacific: distribution and composition of submarine volcanic sequences"
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Several seamounts makes up the
Pitcairn-Gambier hotspot chain. These include
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The current hotspot location is west of the spreading center known as the
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about 5900 km within a radius of about 110 kilometers.
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214:ratios seemed relatively constant during tests.
205:The seamount chain has varying ratios of Pb/Pb
313:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
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133:. Areas have been observed on Bounty showing
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275:"The Easter – Sala y Gomez Volcanic Chain"
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441:. Pitcairn Islands Office. Archived from
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20:The Pitcairn hotspot is marked 31 on map.
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262:Global Volcanism Program: Adams Seamount
193:, now an atoll that formed about 10 Ma,
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467:Delavault, Hélène (November 15, 2016).
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439:The Government of the Pitcairn Islands
67:. The hotspot is currently located at
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528:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
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161:The hotspot has formed a chain of
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938:Geography of the Pitcairn Islands
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304:Hekininan, R (March 1, 2003).
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157:Pitcairn-Gambier hotspot chain
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928:Hotspots of the Pacific Ocean
565:Formation of Pitcairn Islands
368:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.01.019
333:10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00427-4
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35:located in the south-central
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189:that formed about 11 Ma,
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393:Mineralogy and Petrology
79:Current hotspot location
540:1993E&PSL.117...89D
494:10.1073/pnas.1523805113
55:, as well as atolls at
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903:Proposed mechanisms:
723:Indo-Australian Plate
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880:South American Plate
784:North American Plate
98:Easter Fracture Zone
485:2016PNAS..11312952D
479:(46): 12952–12956.
435:"Pitcairns History"
405:1998MinPe..64..149A
360:2014ChGeo.370...69K
325:2003JVGR..121..219H
933:Geology of Oceania
413:10.1007/BF01226567
137:and giant tubular
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167:Pitcairn Islands
41:Pitcairn Islands
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909:Plate theory
905:Mantle plume
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447:. Retrieved
443:the original
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282:. Retrieved
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201:Geochemistry
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802:Yellowstone
756:Nazca Plate
655:New England
89:Nazca Plate
922:Categories
840:Louisville
675:St. Helena
377:1885/58547
244:References
191:Fangataufa
177:Morphology
147:Pyroclasts
104:Morphology
61:Fangataufa
860:Rarotonga
850:Marquesas
845:Macdonald
769:Galápagos
746:Lord Howe
741:Tasmantid
713:Jan Mayen
632:Kerguelen
421:129148790
354:: 69–81.
218:Formation
185:, now an
163:seamounts
113:Petrology
45:seamounts
893:Trindade
855:Pitcairn
736:Crosgove
606:Hotspots
513:27791057
227:See also
207:isotopic
143:seamount
131:trachyte
91:and the
63:and the
30:volcanic
888:Noronha
870:Society
797:Bermuda
708:Iceland
680:Tristan
660:RĂ©union
622:Balleny
567:at the
536:Bibcode
504:5135331
481:Bibcode
449:May 29,
401:Bibcode
356:Bibcode
321:Bibcode
284:May 29,
183:Moruroa
57:Moruroa
33:hotspot
835:Hawaii
792:Anahim
764:Easter
698:Azores
650:Canary
627:Erebus
511:
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419:
139:basalt
73:Bounty
53:Bounty
47:named
865:Samoa
825:Bowie
820:Arago
703:Eifel
665:Shona
417:S2CID
309:(PDF)
187:atoll
69:Adams
49:Adams
28:is a
830:Cobb
509:PMID
473:PNAS
451:2018
286:2018
149:and
129:and
71:and
51:and
24:The
544:doi
532:117
499:PMC
489:doi
477:113
409:doi
372:hdl
364:doi
352:370
329:doi
317:121
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
