27:
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454:. With his left hand the leader holds the hand of his partner, in his right he waves a flag, handkerchief, or ribbon, which serves as a signal for his followers. As the Faraudole proceeds through the streets of the town the string of dancers is constantly recruited by fresh additions. The leader (to quote the poet Mistral) 'makes it come and go, turn backwards and forwards ... sometimes he forms it into a ring, sometimes winds it in a spiral, then he breaks off from his followers and dances in front, then he joins on again, and makes it pass rapidly under the uplifted arms of the last couple.'"
264:
105:
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758:, which have a similar endosymbiotic relationship with mitochondria, as mitochondria have with eukaryotic cells. Over the course of the novel, characters physically journey inside a mitochondrion and encounter the farandolae as sentient creatures that do circular "dances" around their "trees of origin" that drain the elder fara of energy.
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As the drummer is notable, he has put on his most elegant costume, wears a wide-brimmed felt hat, and under his velvet jacket appears his embroidered waistcoat on his white shirt. Nicknamed "Guillaume", by tradition, it is he who leads the farandole with his tambourine and his galoubet. This scene is
510:
Carthusian, the sergeant, the doctor, the wife, the usurer, and the poor. The number of characters and the composition of the dance depends on the place of creation. Death, most often represented with a musical instrument, draws everyone into the dance, not looking at rank, wealth, gender, or age.
518:
Current musical accompaniment is always performed by one or more drummers. The dancers join hands to form a wandering open chain and mark each beat with jumps. The leader guides the chain by drawing a snake shape. Its role is to articulate the farandole, dance of agrarian rites, in its two main
275:
The farandole is considered as the oldest of the dances as well as the most characteristic and the most representative of
Provence. Its name is attested only from the 18th century, however, it has been represented since prehistoric times by rock engravings then during Antiquity on ceramics or
509:
In this farandole, skeletons and living people alternate, arranged in a descending hierarchical order: the pope, the emperor, the cardinal, the king, the patriarch, the constable, the archbishop, the knight, the bishop, the squire, the abbot, the bailiff, the astrologer, the bourgeois, the
320:
Folklorists of the early 20th century (e.g. Alford 1932) interpreted most folk dances as being very ancient, and postulated even for the farandole an ancestry traceable to ancient Greece, remaining more or less unchanged "during its two or three thousands years of life".
370:(as being derived from Occitan) is in 1776. Its earliest appearance in English is even younger, 1876. Consequently, the medieval dance researcher Robert Mullally concludes that there is no evidence that the modern folk farandole resembles any kind of medieval dance.
434:"The Farandole consists of a long string of young men and women, sometimes as many as a hundred in number, holding one another by the hands, or by ribbons or handkerchiefs. The leader is always a bachelor, and he is preceded by one or more musicians playing the
568:
dancing the farandole are one of the classics of the
Provence crib. The dancers form a long line which moves by meandering. The twists and turns of this dance in the crèche must represent a labyrinth. The dancers are either dressed in traditional
765:
and other associations who attempt to recreate dances of the Middle Ages and
Renaissance, the farandole is sometimes danced due to its assumed medieval origin (but see the historical concerns above). Examples can be found on YouTube.
586:
The dancers and the drummer wear an almost identical costume made up of white pants tightened by a taiole, a typical belt from
Provence made up of a strip of red woolen fabric, and a white shirt tied at the collar by a cord.
391:, the dancers hold hands and skip at every beat; strong beats on one foot, alternating left and right, with the other foot in the air, and weak beats with both feet together. In the village of
818:
Jean Baumel (1958): Les Danses populaires, les farandoles, les rondes, les jeux choréographiques et les ballets du
Languedoc méditerranéen. Institut d'études occitanes, Paris.
472:
annually on July 29. In the latter the farandole is preceded by the huge effigy of a legendary monster—the
Tarasque—borne by several men and attended by the gaily dressed
336:, and medieval and renaissance iconography showing people dancing in chains and circles, there is no connection between these early dances and the recent folk farandole:
609:
215:, "slave"), because the dancers in the farandole are linked together in a long chain. It has been also suggested that farandole may be an alteration of Provençal
554:). It gave birth to certain medieval dances with repeated steps, such as the caroles of the 13th and 14th centuries, the branles of the 15th and 16th centuries.
506:, numerous exorcism rites appeared which aimed to tame the comrade, if not to push it back. In these rituals, music and dance played the leading roles.
871:
Brockhaus
Enzyklopädie in zwanzig Bänden: Siebzehnte völlig neu bearbeitete Auflage des Grossen Brockhaus. Band 6. F – GEB. FA Brockhaus Wiesbaden 1968
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The dance is very probably of Greek origin, and seems to be a direct descendant of the "Cranes' dance", the invention of which was acribed to
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1065:
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themes: that of the spiral (also known as the snail or labyrinth) and that of the passage under the vault (known as the serpent).
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718:, performed Bizet's farandole in a jazz funk style. Released in 1975, the album charted at number two on the Jazz Album Charts.
26:
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301:, who instituted it to celebrate his escape from the Labyrinth. This dance is alluded to at the end of the hymn to
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642:
130:
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Robert
Mullally (2011): The Carole. A Study of a Medieval Dance. Ashgate Publishing Ltd., Burlington. page 35
657:
ballet (1890), the dames propose a farandole in the fourth scene of the second act. There is a farandole in
653:
276:
frescoes. Today in
Provence, it is danced to the tunes played by the drummers who accompany it with their
599:
481:
The farandole has occasionally been used for less innocent purposes than that of a mere dance: in 1815
458:
The farandole is usually danced at all the great feasts in the towns of
Provence, such as the feast of
245:("dawdle") . However, this hypothesis is not very convincing because it comes up against the fact that
126:
614:
324:
Many recent websites, older encyclopedias, and some music history books claim that the farandole is a
31:
907:
Paul Robert, 2nd ed. rev. Alain Rey: Le Grand Robert de la langue francaise. Paris 1985, "Farandole"
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Violet Alford (1932): The Farandole. Journal of the English Folk Dance and Song Society 1: 18–33.
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Also in Provence, other dances related to the farandole were practiced on more free steps: the
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by the infuriated populace, who made use of their national dance to surround and butcher him.
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294:) of Provence and it is one of the most characteristic elements of the Provençal tradition.
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328:, but never provide an actual medieval quote mentioning the farandole. While there exist
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958:"Forms & Feelings – Love Sculpture – Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards – AllMusic"
919:& W. A. Barrett (eds.): A Dictionary of Musical Terms. London 1876, "Farandola"
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187:("travelling"). A still more unlikely derivation has been suggested from the Greek
59:
20:
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suite (1872). However, the dance is not suited for the purposes of the ballet. In
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time, with a strongly accentuated rhythm, moderate to fast tempo, and played by a
344:, does not contain any dance with farandole-specific steps and figures. The term
340:, the most well-known source for renaissance chain and circle dances such as the
46:
939:"Au fifre niçois – Danses traditionnelles (farandoles, brandi) du comté de Nice"
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features the farandole as the fourth and concluding movement of his second
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one of the major subjects of the Provençal crib, to which it is essential.
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performed another rock cover of Bizet's farandole, which was subsequently
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The farandole was first described in detail by the English folklorist
314:
697:, the movie ends with the singing and dancing of Bizet's farandole.
669:(1901), and a farandole is present in the classical saxophone piece
577:
clothing, with the different clothing nuances provided by the local
104:
486:
469:
68:
313:, and may well have been introduced into the South of France from
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Dances and traditional musics used in the county of Nice (France)
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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298:
200:
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Au fifre niçois – MTCN: Musique traditionnelle du comté de Nice
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in 1932. The following description is from the county of Nice:
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Jan Ling: Europas musikhistoria −1730. Esselte, Uppsala 1983
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233:, "stir"), under the influence of Occitan words such as
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No satisfactory derivation has been given of the name.
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399:, the most recently married couple leads the dance."
955:
395:, on the occasion of the festival honouring patron
204:
188:
172:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Romanischen Sprachen
364:, and the earliest appearance in the French form
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850:. medeltiden.kalmarlansmuseum.se. Archived from
267:Dance of the cranes on the François vase of the
426:. Another description of this dance comes from
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708:. One of the songs was Bizet's farandole.
608:(Farandole of the Ballet de Marseille) by
1047:Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians
721:During his time as a member of the 1980s
497:
153:Learn how and when to remove this message
794:Groves Dictionary of Music and MUsicians
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309:: it is still danced in Greece and the
71:, France. It bears similarities to the
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131:adding citations to reliable sources
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976:"Bob James US albums chart history"
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796:. New York: McMIllan. pp. 7–8.
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16:Community dance of Provence, France
13:
540:("street passer", cf. the Spanish
14:
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750:, the "Farandolae" are fictional
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1025:from the original on 2021-12-21.
763:Society for Creative Anachronism
700:In 1969, a band by the name of "
605:Farandole du ballet de Marseille
356:is not found in dictionaries of
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269:National Archaeological Museum
19:For the 1945 French film, see
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63:) is an open-chain community
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403:Musically, the dance is in
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1044:Grove, Sir George (1908).
792:Grove, Sir George (1908).
381:"Traditionally led by the
332:descriptions of chain and
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956:Stephen Thomas Erlewine.
733:, in a similar manner by
483:General Jean-Pierre Ramel
475:chevaliers de la Tarasque
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1004:Official Bootleg Series.
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32:Saint-Geniès-de-Comolas
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465:Corsos do la Tarasqua
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311:islands of the Aegean
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30:Farandole dancing in
29:
1021:. 31 December 1969.
706:Forms & Feelings
673:Tableaux de Provence
610:Eduardo León Garrido
127:improve this section
60:[faʀanˈdulɔ]
691:Abbott and Costello
659:Camille Saint-Saëns
654:The Sleeping Beauty
387:holding a ribboned
271:in Florence, Italy.
1015:"Danza medieval 4"
891:"Medieval Dancers"
834:worlds-of-music.de
747:A Wind in the Door
685:In popular culture
627:Arles Amphitheatre
620:
595:In classical music
428:Grove's dictionary
273:
47:[faʁɑ̃dɔl]
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830:"Worlds of Music"
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742:Madeleine L'Engle
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125:Please help
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848:"Farandole"
761:Within the
649:Tchaikovsky
613: [
550:passacaille
504:Black Death
443:flûte-à-bec
362:Old Occitan
330:Renaissance
307:Callimachus
282:tambourines
255:farandole.
67:popular in
1075:Categories
982:2011-07-13
917:J. Stainer
858:2012-11-03
752:organelles
723:metal band
677:(1958) by
580:santonnier
543:passacalle
502:After the
446:, and the
384:abbat-mage
367:farandoule
358:Old French
315:Marseilles
280:and their
218:barandello
85:carmagnole
81:tarantella
712:Bob James
462:, or the
450:tambourin
393:Belvédère
353:farandola
347:farandole
278:galoubets
242:flandrina
224:brandello
178:farándula
114:does not
95:Etymology
56:farandola
52:Provençal
39:farandole
1023:Archived
962:AllMusic
661:' opera
635:(1864).
632:Mireille
575:Comtadin
546:and the
493:Variants
487:Toulouse
470:Tarascon
437:galoubet
236:flandina
184:fahrende
69:Provence
1019:YouTube
731:covered
725:Talas,
565:santons
531:morisca
389:halberd
299:Theseus
259:History
221:, from
203:") and
201:phalanx
135:removed
120:sources
87:of the
73:gavotte
43:French:
1042::
528:, the
525:brandi
360:or of
342:branle
338:Arbeau
291:crèche
230:branda
212:δούλος
206:doúlos
196:φάλαγξ
190:fálanx
83:. The
79:, and
770:Notes
693:film
617:]
571:Arles
420:flute
303:Delos
65:dance
562:The
424:drum
422:and
167:Diez
118:any
116:cite
37:The
754:of
744:'s
740:In
716:Two
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350:or
305:by
199:, "
129:by
77:jig
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