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896:
38:
1445:. Livestock can serve as insurance against risk and is an economic buffer (of income and food supply) in some regions and some economies (e.g., during some African droughts). However, its use as a buffer may sometimes be limited where alternatives are present, which may reflect strategic maintenance of insurance in addition to a desire to retain productive assets. Even for some farmers in Western nations, livestock can serve as a kind of insurance. Some crop growers may produce livestock as a strategy for diversification of their income sources, to reduce risks related to weather, markets and other factors.
443:
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1787:
816:
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996:
198:
741:
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1753:. The IPCC has estimated that agriculture (including not only livestock, but also food crop, biofuel and other production) accounted for about 10 to 12 percent of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (expressed as 100-year carbon dioxide equivalents) in 2005 and in 2010. Cattle produce some 79 million tons of methane per day. Livestock enteric methane account 30% of the overall methane emissions of the planet. Livestock are responsible for 34% of all human-related emissions of
1934:
844:
618:
468:
668:
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418:
1096:; pigs may be housed in climate-controlled buildings and never go outdoors; poultry may be reared in barns and kept in cages as laying birds under lighting-controlled conditions. In between these two extremes are semi-intensive, often family-run farms where livestock graze outside for much of the year, silage or hay is made to cover the times of year when the grass stops growing, and fertiliser, feed and other inputs are bought onto the farm from outside.
693:
1369:
6808:
1425:
as fertilizer. Livestock manure helps maintain the fertility of grazing lands. Manure is commonly collected from barns and feeding areas to fertilize cropland. In some places, animal manure is used as fuel, either directly (as in some non-Western countries), or indirectly (as a source of methane for heating or for generating electricity). In regions where machine power is limited, some classes of livestock are used as draft stock, not only for
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1742:
52:
317:
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791:
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766:
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988:
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593:
231:(P.L. 106–78, Title IX) defines livestock only as cattle, swine, and sheep, while the 1988 disaster assistance legislation defined the term as "cattle, sheep, goats, swine, poultry (including egg-producing poultry), equine animals used for food or in the production of food, fish used for food, and other animals designated by the Secretary".
1460:", and that a "sense of place, attachment to land, and the value of preserving open space were common themes". "The importance of land and animals as means of maintaining culture and way of life figured repeatedly in permittee responses, as did the subjects of responsibility and respect for land, animals, family, and community."
1738:(IPCC) states that between the 1970s and 2000s agricultural emission increases were directly linked to an increase in livestock. The population growth of livestock (including cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats) is done with the intention of increasing animal production, but in turn increases emissions.
1424:
Livestock provide a variety of food and non-food products; the latter include leather, wool, pharmaceuticals, bone products, industrial protein, and fats. For many abattoirs, very little animal biomass may be wasted at slaughter. Even intestinal contents removed at slaughter may be recovered for use
2346:
Chessa, B.; Pereira, F.; Arnaud, F.; Amorim, A.; Goyache, F.; Mainland, I.; Kao, R. R.; Pemberton, J. M.; Beraldi, D.; Stear, M. J.; Alberti, A.; Pittau, M.; Iannuzzi, L.; Banabazi, M. H.; Kazwala, R. R.; Zhang, Y.-p.; Arranz, J. J.; Ali, B. A.; Wang, Z.; Uzun, M.; Dione, M. M.; Olsaker, I.; Holm,
1912:
needs, yet is still a minority of supply at 39%, with crops providing the rest. Consequently, plans for limiting global warming to lower levels like 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) or 2 °C (3.6 °F) assume animal-derived food will play a lower role in the global diets relative to now. As such,
1713:
Animal husbandry has a significant impact on the world environment. It is responsible for somewhere between 20 and 33% of the fresh water usage in the world, and livestock, and the production of feed for them, occupy about a third of Earth's ice-free land. Livestock production is a contributing
1463:
In the US, profit tends to rank low among motivations for involvement in livestock ranching. Instead, family, tradition and a desired way of life tend to be major motivators for ranch purchase, and ranchers "historically have been willing to accept low returns from livestock production".
1455:
Social values in developed countries can also be considerable. For example, in a study of livestock ranching permitted on national forest land in New Mexico, US, it was concluded that "ranching maintains traditional values and connects families to ancestral lands and
1016:
way of life, producing not only the food needed by the family but also the fuel, fertiliser, clothing, transport and draught power. Killing the animal for food was a secondary consideration, and wherever possible their products, such as wool, eggs, milk and
1429:
and other on-farm use, but also for transport of people and goods. In 1997, livestock provided energy for between an estimated 25 and 64% of cultivation energy in the world's irrigated systems, and that 300 million draft animals were used globally in
4506:
Schauberger, Günther; Mikovits, Christian; Zollitsch, Werner; Hörtenhuber, Stefan J.; Baumgartner, Johannes; Niebuhr, Knut; Piringer, Martin; Knauder, Werner; Anders, Ivonne; Andre, Konrad; Hennig-Pauka, Isabel; Schönhart, Martin (22 January 2019).
1895:
Proposed adaptations to climate change in livestock production include improved cooling at animal shelters and changes to animal feed, though they are often costly or have only limited effects. At the same time, livestock produces the majority of
1730:. Animal agriculture contributes to species extinction in various ways. Habitat is destroyed by clearing forests and converting land to grow feed crops and for animal grazing (for example, animal husbandry is responsible for up to 91% of the
1076:. In the uplands of the United Kingdom, sheep are turned out on the fells in spring and graze the abundant mountain grasses untended, being brought to lower altitudes late in the year, with supplementary feeding being provided in winter.
1051:
involves large herds of cattle grazing widely over public and private lands. Similar cattle stations are found in South
America, Australia and other places with large areas of land and low rainfall. Ranching systems have been used for
1400:
The value of global livestock production in 2013 has been estimated at 883 billion dollars, (constant 2005–2006 dollars). However, economic implications of livestock production extend further: to downstream industry (saleyards,
1087:
can obtain much of their nutrition from scavenging, and in
African communities, hens may live for months without being fed, and still produce one or two eggs a week. At the other extreme, in the more Western parts of the world,
1868:
While some areas which currently support livestock animals are expected to avoid "extreme heat stress" even with high warming at the end of the century, others may stop being suitable as early as midcentury. In general,
2463:
Larson, Greger; Liu, Ranran; Zhao, Xingbo; Yuan, Jing; Fuller, Dorian; Barton, Loukas; Dobney, Keith; Fan, Qipeng; Gu, Zhiliang; Liu, Xiao-Hui; Luo, Yunbing; Lv, Peng; Andersson, Leif; Li, Ning (19 April 2010).
1917:
transition plans now involve limits on total livestock headcounts (including reductions of already disproportionately large stocks in countries like
Ireland), and there have been calls for phasing out
1448:
Many studies have found evidence of the social, as well as economic, importance of livestock in non-Western countries and in regions of rural poverty, and such evidence is not confined to pastoral and
3427:
2082:
1238:
At one time, antibiotics were routinely added to certain compound foodstuffs to promote growth, but this is now considered poor practice in many countries because of the risk that it may lead to
1200:
are the main contributors to animal health on farms, bringing economic benefits through maximised production. When, despite these precautions, animals still become sick, they are treated with
4663:
4422:
Zhang, Jintao; You, Qinglong; Ren, Guoyu; Ullah, Safi; Normatov, Inom; Chen, Deliang (24 January 2023). "Inequality of Global
Thermal Comfort Conditions Changes in a Warmer World".
2874:
1877:
shocks caused by the impacts of climate change on their livestock, as over 180 million people across those nations are expected to see significant declines in suitability of their
1881:
around midcentury. On the other hand, Japan, the United States and nations in Europe are considered the least vulnerable. This is as much a product of pre-existing differences in
1865:
are also spreading further than they had before, and the data indicating this is frequently of superior quality to one used to estimate impacts on the spread of human pathogens.
1346:
377:
The term "livestock" is indistinct and may be defined narrowly or broadly. Broadly, livestock refers to any population of animals kept by humans for a useful, commercial purpose.
3786:
3644:
McSweeney, A. M and C. Raish. 2012. Social, cultural and economic aspects of livestock ranching on the Santa Fe and Carson
National Forests. USDA Forest Service RMRS-GTR 276.
2347:
L.-E.; Saarma, U.; Ahmad, S.; Marzanov, N.; Eythorsdottir, E.; Holland, M. J.; Ajmone-Marsan, P.; Bruford, M. W.; Kantanen, J.; Spencer, T. E.; Palmarini, M. (24 April 2009).
166:
lifestyles. Animal husbandry practices have varied widely across cultures and time periods. It continues to play a major economic and cultural role in numerous communities.
1039:
Animals can be kept extensively or intensively. Extensive systems involve animals roaming at will, or under the supervision of a herdsman, often for their protection from
3176:
2057:
237:
is defined in contradistinction to livestock as "animals that have died before slaughter, sometimes from illness or disease". It is illegal in many countries, such as
297:
dates to around 4,000 BC. Cattle have been domesticated since approximately 10,500 years ago. Chickens and other poultry may have been domesticated around 7,000 BC.
1810:. As of 2011, some 400 million people relied on livestock in some way to secure their livelihood. The commercial value of this sector is estimated as close to $ 1
4616:
1437:
Although livestock production serves as a source of income, it can provide additional economic values for rural families, often serving as a major contributor to
1345:
In non-Western countries, providing access to markets has encouraged farmers to invest in livestock, with the result being improved livelihoods. For example, the
4329:
Kerr R.B., Hasegawa T., Lasco R., Bhatt I., Deryng D., Farrell A., Gurney-Smith H., Ju H., Lluch-Cota S., Meza F., Nelson G., Neufeldt H., Thornton P., 2022:
1734:), while predators and herbivores are frequently targeted and hunted because of a perceived threat to livestock profits. The newest report released by the
1323:
3869:
4071:
3290:
Swanepoel, F., A. Stroebel and S. Moyo. (eds.) 2010. The role of livestock in developing communities: Enhancing multifunctionality. African Sun Media.
1208:. In the European Union, when farmers treat the animals, they are required to follow the guidelines for treatment and to record the treatments given.
1310:, 2,000 workers process 4,500 cattle per day, or more than one-third of Canada's capacity. It closed when some of its workers became infected with
227:
federal legislation defines the term to make specified agricultural commodities eligible or ineligible for a program or activity. For example, the
3960:
Williams, Mark; Zalasiewicz, Jan; Haff, P. K.; Schwägerl, Christian; Barnosky, Anthony D.; Ellis, Erle C. (2015). "The
Anthropocene Biosphere".
1188:
are common predators, with an additional threat from domestic dogs who may kill in response to a hunting instinct, leaving the carcass uneaten.
7029:
6781:
6436:
6399:
3703:. Proc. Symp. Western Regional Coordinating Committee on Rangeland Economics: WCC-55. N. M. State Univ. Res. Rep. Vol. 737. Archived from
2950:
1807:
259:
lifestyles. Animals are domesticated when their breeding and living conditions are controlled by humans. Over time, the collective behaviour,
4509:"Global warming impact on confined livestock in buildings: efficacy of adaptation measures to reduce heat stress for growing-fattening pigs"
6869:
6132:
1973:
4004:
3534:
Bettencourt, Elisa Maria Varela; Tilman, Mário; Henriques, Pedro Damião de Sousa; Narciso, Vanda; Carvalho, Maria Leonor da Silva (2013),
1392:
5939:
3817:
2878:
1814:. As an outright end to human consumption of meat and/or animal products is not currently considered a realistic goal, any comprehensive
1315:
1246:
are affecting farmed salmon in
Scotland. Reducing the parasite burdens of livestock results in increased productivity and profitability.
7139:
4690:
2998:
1473:
7179:
1897:
1735:
1250:
228:
186:
101:. The term is sometimes used to refer solely to animals who are raised for consumption, and sometimes used to refer solely to farmed
3793:
3696:
6749:
6693:
2251:
1092:; dairy cows may be kept in zero-grazing conditions with all their forage brought to them; beef cattle may be kept in high density
141:
are not included in the category. The latter is likely due to the fact that fish products are not governed by the USDA, but by the
1413:, tanneries, etc.), upstream industry (feed producers, feed transport, farm and ranch supply companies, equipment manufacturers,
3173:
3143:
3113:
1799:
1771:
1731:
2282:
2100:
7099:
5751:
4048:
3853:
2844:
2721:
2694:
2649:
2632:
1242:. Animals living under intensive conditions are particularly prone to internal and external parasites; increasing numbers of
1227:
animals. Where the condition is serious, governments impose regulations on import and export, on the movement of livestock,
7054:
5756:
2746:
4337:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US, pp. 1457–1579 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.012
3160:
6651:
4373:
Rasmussen, Laura Vang; Hall, Charlotte; Vansant, Emilie C.; Braber, Bowie den; Olesen, Rasmus Skov (17 September 2021).
3049:
6681:
3917:
Machovina, B.; Feeley, K. J.; Ripple, W. J. (2015). "Biodiversity conservation: The key is reducing meat consumption".
3360:
1782:
Map of countries considered most and least vulnerable to adverse impacts of climate change on their grazing livestock.
6836:
4184:
3117:
895:
364:
346:
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7024:
6862:
6125:
4562:
1963:
1520:
5808:
4558:"Scenario-based modelling of changes in chemical intake fraction in Sweden and the Baltic Sea under global change"
4330:
3482:"Mitigating economic risk from climate variability in rain-fed agriculture through enterprise mix diversification"
1330:
represent fully three-quarters of the
Canadian beef supply. In other areas, livestock may be bought and sold in a
6729:
6714:
6709:
6486:
4643:
3726:
Michael Clark; Tilman, David (November 2014). "Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health".
1968:
1939:
7109:
6776:
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6719:
6466:
4724:
4174:
4149:
3144:"Worker dies, hundreds sick as Cargill temporarily closes meat-processing plant at centre of COVID-19 outbreak"
1984:
342:
173:. Intensive animal farming increases the yield of the various commercial outputs, but also negatively impacts
7172:
7104:
7087:
7059:
6451:
6162:
278:
4068:
1857:. Difficulties with growing feed could reduce worldwide livestock headcounts by 7–10% by midcentury. Animal
7409:
7064:
6982:
6471:
6446:
6038:
3076:
306:
267:
of livestock have changed radically. Many modern farmed animals are unsuited to life in the natural world.
142:
17:
4685:
3114:"Guidelines for Humane Handling, Transport and Slaughter of Livestock | CHAPTER 6: Transport of livestock"
37:
7077:
7014:
7004:
6855:
6456:
6118:
5901:
5761:
2925:
1289:"on the hoof" to a town or other central location. The method is still used in some parts of the world.
1211:
Animals are susceptible to a number of diseases and conditions that may affect their health. Some, like
7082:
6496:
6431:
6258:
5467:
1990:
338:
294:
270:
31:
4347:
4122:
3255:
2466:"Patterns of East Asian pig domestication, migration, and turnover revealed by modern and ancient DNA"
1396:
Global distribution data for cattle, buffaloes, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens and ducks in 2010
217:" and "livestock" have been used interchangeably. Today, the modern meaning of cattle is domesticated
6233:
5803:
4810:
3536:
The
Economic and Sociocultural Role of Livestock in the Wellbeing of Rural Communities of Timor-Leste
1819:
1815:
1791:
178:
4099:
Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change. 2014. Climate change 2014, Mitigation of climate change.
4087:
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Climate change 2007, Mitigation of climate change.
3321:
2954:
947:
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6183:
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5876:
5766:
5309:
4088:
1854:
1758:
1480:
1311:
1274:
1089:
327:
170:
3251:
FAOSTAT. (Statistical database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.)
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6394:
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are sometimes considered a threat to livestock. In Eurasia and Africa, predators include wolves,
331:
2780:
2763:
56:
7450:
6739:
6724:
6666:
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6416:
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5710:
5678:
4675:
4556:
Roth, Sabrina K.; Hader, John D.; Domercq, Prado; Sobek, Anna; MacLeod, Matthew (22 May 2023).
3428:"Integrated crop–livestock systems in Australian agriculture: Trends, drivers and implications"
3316:
2711:
1220:
955:
is the term used for much-smaller animals, usually mammals. The two predominant categories are
250:
210:
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rearing. This activity is both heavily affected by and a substantial driver of anthropogenic
1239:
1212:
1048:
260:
255:
Animal-rearing originated during the cultural transition to settled farming communities from
3894:
Morell, Virginia (2015). "Meat-eaters may speed worldwide species extinction, study warns".
2976:
2684:
2622:
2058:"Congress Clarifies That Horses are Not "Pets," Advances Landmark Livestock Health Measures"
77:
setting in order to provide labour and produce diversified products for consumption such as
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3439:
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3196:
2558:
2477:
2417:
2360:
1886:
1862:
1826:
1786:
1761:. Best production practices are estimated to be able to reduce livestock emissions by 30%.
1235:
are available against certain diseases, and antibiotics are widely used where appropriate.
964:
815:
442:
3229:
3212:
2802:
2406:"Pre-Neolithic wild boar management and introduction to Cyprus more than 11,400 years ago"
8:
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5683:
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4030:
3704:
3161:"What led to Alberta's biggest outbreak? Cargill meat plant's hundreds of COVID-19 cases"
1757:, through feed production and manure. Livestock offer significant potential for reducing
1727:
1723:
1307:
1201:
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1013:
680:
4575:
4524:
4482:
4435:
4390:
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4691:
Have we reached ‘peak meat’? Why one country is trying to limit its number of livestock
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2500:
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Vigne, J. D.; Zazzo, A.; Saliège, J. F.; Poplin, F.; Guilaine, J.; Simmons, A. (2009).
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to the national diet as it is an outcome of direct impacts of climate on each country.
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regions the summer pasture was up in the mountains, the winter pasture in the valleys.
908:
555:
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3301:
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5989:
5891:
5496:
5347:
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4601:
4589:
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Liu, Weihang; Zhou, Junxiong; Ma, Yuchi; Chen, Shuo; Luo, Yuchuan (3 February 2024).
4451:
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McTavish, E.J.; Decker, J. E.; Schnabel, R. D.; Taylor, J. F.; Hillis, D. M. (2013).
2505:
2445:
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and specialized agricultural markets facilitate trade in livestock. In Canada at the
1280:
1032:, humans and livestock moved seasonally between fixed summer and winter pastures; in
995:
740:
5613:
5015:
4608:
4584:
4557:
4205:"Livestock and food security: vulnerability to population growth and climate change"
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4196:
3938:
3574:
3405:
3361:"Livestock as Insurance and Social Status: Evidence from Reindeer Herding in Norway"
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4224:
4036:
3989:
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3934:
3899:
3771:
3743:
3667:
3569:
3558:"Impactul creșterii animalelor asupra dezvoltării socio-economice în Nordul Indiei"
3539:
3505:
3501:
3447:
3383:
3326:
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2576:
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2495:
2485:
2435:
2425:
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2018:
1958:
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1007:
455:
430:
150:
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in multiple events sometime between 11,000 and 5,000 years ago in Southwest Asia.
148:
The breeding, maintenance, slaughter and general subjugation of livestock, called
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6352:
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5896:
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5279:
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3259:
3112:
Chambers, Philip G.; Grandin, Temple; Heinz, Gunter; Srisuvan, Thinnarat (2001).
2313:
2008:
1997:
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1319:
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883:
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197:
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The Drovers. Who They Were and How They Went: An Epic of the English Countryside
1837:, and the sublethal impacts, such as lower quantity of quality of products like
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3451:
2764:"Industrial food animal production, antimicrobial resistance, and human health"
2624:
Animal Husbandry Regained: The Place of Farm Animals in Sustainable Agriculture
2547:"New World cattle show ancestry from multiple independent domestication events"
2410:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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174:
4617:"Ireland would need to cull up to 1.3 million cattle to reach climate targets"
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in all but the coldest nations. This causes both mass animal mortality during
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Torell, L. Allen; Rimbey, Neil R.; Tanaka, John A.; Bailey, Scott A. (2001).
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1438:
1376:
Humans and livestock make up more than 90% of the biomass of all terrestrial
1224:
1117:
1022:
550:
224:
182:
67:
3903:
3697:"THE LACK OF A PROFIT MOTIVE FOR RANCHING: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY ANALYSIS"
3481:
3480:
Kandulu, John M.; Bryan, Brett A.; King, Darran; Connor, Jeffery D. (2012).
2571:
2490:
2430:
2372:
2349:"Revealing the History of Sheep Domestication Using Retrovirus Integrations"
7338:
7094:
6992:
6987:
6686:
6545:
6520:
6362:
6320:
6265:
6223:
6028:
6016:
5984:
5868:
5553:
5492:
5457:
5417:
5215:
5052:
5040:
4950:
4847:
4759:
4695:
4621:
4593:
4467:"Unequal impact of climate warming on meat yields of global cattle farming"
4303:
4246:
3946:
3763:
3606:"Livestock ownership in ensuring rural household food security in Pakistan"
3605:
2789:
2590:
2509:
2449:
2390:
2332:
2179:
2013:
1948:
1846:
1418:
1410:
1339:
1205:
1029:
823:
798:
773:
282:
273:
early; dogs appear in Europe and the Far East from about 15,000 years ago.
138:
4040:
3820:. Food and Agriculture Organizations of the United Nations. Archived from
3075:
Mbow, C.; Rosenzweig, C.; Barioni, L. G.; Benton, T.; et al. (2019).
1726:. Meat is considered one of the prime factors contributing to the current
843:
617:
201:
This Australian road sign uses the less common term "stock" for livestock.
7424:
7343:
7323:
7318:
7296:
7286:
7261:
7256:
7241:
7204:
6927:
6902:
6676:
6611:
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6372:
6213:
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6088:
5999:
5949:
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5919:
5638:
5628:
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5528:
5523:
5462:
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5389:
5384:
5369:
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5095:
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5020:
4990:
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4922:
4794:
4789:
4443:
4069:
https://report.ipcc.ch/ar6wg3/pdf/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_FinalDraft_Chapter07.pdf
3557:
2875:"Dogs seized for killing sheep - Local News - News - General - The Times"
2297:"How Much Is That in Dog Years? The Advent of Canine Population Genomics"
2143:
2002:
1978:
1953:
1901:
1890:
1850:
1830:
1632:
1552:
1113:
972:
630:
500:
467:
155:
82:
74:
4277:
4005:"Vast animal-feed crops to satisfy our meat needs are destroying planet"
3747:
2339:
667:
417:
7276:
6997:
6367:
6315:
6310:
6193:
6068:
6043:
5563:
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5477:
5324:
5185:
4892:
4887:
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1878:
1715:
1377:
1335:
1228:
1161:
1157:
1149:
968:
903:
692:
264:
158:
and has been practiced in many cultures since humanity's transition to
4334:
4228:
3543:
2803:
Meyer, Vernon M.; Driggers, L. Bynum; Ernest, Kenneth; Ernest, Debra.
2523:
2152:
1368:
7328:
7266:
7251:
7246:
7219:
6847:
6305:
5881:
5603:
5511:
5501:
5482:
5452:
5304:
5264:
5230:
5200:
5135:
4995:
4960:
4882:
4862:
4749:
4063:
IPCC. (2022). Chapter 7: Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Uses.
1918:
1265:
1040:
778:
700:
286:
4375:"Rethinking the approach of a global shift toward plant-based diets"
4151:
Reducing enteric methane for improving food security and livelihoods
3787:"A Global Assessment of the Water Footprint of Farm Animal Products"
753:
316:
51:
7365:
7333:
7291:
7144:
6270:
6053:
6048:
5858:
5608:
5588:
5583:
5573:
5568:
5437:
5427:
5379:
5342:
5145:
5100:
5075:
5035:
5005:
4955:
4867:
4857:
2761:
1914:
1858:
1842:
1834:
1811:
1741:
1536:
1504:
1409:, milk processors, refrigerated transport, wholesalers, retailers,
1402:
1350:
1243:
1129:
1105:
655:
650:
530:
241:, to sell or process meat from dead animals for human consumption.
130:
102:
7157:
4035:. World Bank Working Papers. Washington: World Bank Publications.
3302:"Drought and saving in West Africa: are livestock a buffer stock?"
2456:
1360:, farmers bring their best livestock to compete with one another.
790:
7117:
6907:
6626:
6582:
6550:
5929:
5793:
5643:
5623:
5506:
5432:
5299:
5274:
5244:
5236:
5220:
5205:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5090:
5080:
5030:
4975:
4837:
4774:
4741:
3533:
3180:
2953:. National Institute for Animal Agriculture. 2001. Archived from
2709:
1909:
1908:
intake. Animal-derived food plays a larger role in meeting human
1905:
1696:
1616:
1584:
1449:
1426:
1406:
1303:
1299:
1286:
1232:
1216:
1197:
1177:
1125:
1121:
1093:
1084:
1061:
1033:
851:
728:
715:
642:
605:
505:
492:
185:. In particular, beef, dairy and sheep are an outsized source of
159:
134:
94:
45:
3959:
3300:
Fafchamps, Marcel; Udry, Christopher; Czukas, Katherine (1998).
2713:
Encyclopedia of Community: From the Village to the Virtual World
1921:
currently offered to livestock farmers in many places worldwide.
1347:
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
7303:
6604:
6530:
6198:
6188:
5618:
5518:
5472:
5373:
5352:
5294:
5284:
5254:
5140:
5025:
4872:
4827:
1381:
1331:
1165:
1141:
1133:
1073:
878:
765:
748:
517:
450:
425:
405:
238:
218:
214:
126:
106:
70:
41:
6110:
3556:
Khan, Nizamuddin; Rehman, Anisur; Salman, Mohd. Sadiq (2013).
2999:"feed (agriculture) | Antibiotics and other growth stimulants"
2283:
cbc.ca: "Police launch investigation into Aylmer Meat Packers"
1285:
Since many livestock are herd animals, they were historically
1219:
are specific to one population of animals, while others, like
987:
7350:
7313:
7308:
7209:
6621:
6033:
5633:
5578:
5543:
5538:
5442:
5422:
5210:
5160:
4902:
4779:
3271:
de Haan, Cees; Steinfeld, Henning; Blackburn, Harvey (1997).
2651:'You can't go home again' – Pastoralism in the new millennium
1680:
1664:
1600:
1181:
1137:
1069:
1053:
1044:
1018:
1000:
963:(rabbits). Even-smaller animals are kept and raised, such as
913:
837:
723:
600:
575:
567:
400:
290:
118:
110:
6083:
3111:
2657:. Overseas Development Institute. p. 12. Archived from
2544:
1372:
Biomass distribution of humans, livestock, and other animals
7355:
6512:
6300:
5259:
5165:
5010:
4912:
4907:
4832:
4733:
4351:
3699:. In Torell, L. A.; Bartlett, E. T.; Larranaga, R. (eds.).
3252:
3074:
1838:
1568:
1057:
803:
625:
580:
475:
274:
122:
114:
98:
86:
78:
27:
Animals kept for production of meat, eggs, milk, wool, etc.
4372:
4335:
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
3277:. European Commission Directorate-General for Development.
1991:
Livestock's Long Shadow – Environmental Issues and Options
1849:. Another impact concerns reduced quantity or quality of
1353:
to help farmers make their most of their livestock herds.
868:
213:
combining the words "live" and "stock". In some periods, "
7375:
7226:
6932:
5533:
4917:
4764:
3784:
3270:
2900:
2762:
Silbergeld, Ellen K; Graham, Jay; Price, Lance B (2008).
2686:
Let the Cowboy Ride: Cattle Ranching in the American West
2345:
1080:
1065:
922:
592:
525:
90:
3694:
2294:
1417:, vaccine manufacturers, etc.) and associated services (
7360:
4702:
4262:"Impact of climate change on animal health and welfare"
2403:
413:
Riding, racing, carrying and pulling loads, meat, milk
3479:
3352:
2252:"Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws"
4555:
3916:
1853:, whether due to drought or as a secondary impact of
1257:
increases temperature and precipitation variability.
3656:"Classifying federal public land grazing permittees"
2101:"NASS – Census of Agriculture – Publications – 2012"
1929:
169:
Livestock farming practices have largely shifted to
4331:
Chapter 5: Food, Fibre and Other Ecosystem Products
4032:
Causes of Deforestation of the Brazilian Rainforest
3841:
3725:
3299:
1231:restrictions and the reporting of suspected cases.
1025:) were harvested while the animal was still alive.
971:. Micro-livestock does not generally include fish (
121:are considered livestock in the United States. The
4614:
3358:
3274:Livestock & the environment: finding a balance
1873:is considered to be the most vulnerable region to
1745:Livestock production requires large areas of land.
1253:, livestock diseases are expected to get worse as
4203:Godber, Olivia F.; Wall, Richard (1 April 2014).
3647:
3603:
3359:Johannesen, Anne Borge; Skonhoft, Anders (2011).
3293:
3084:Special Report on climate change and land (SRCCL)
2814:. Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service
2524:"Breeds of Livestock - Oklahoma State University"
2462:
7437:
4421:
3555:
3473:
3206:
3204:
3187:, Challenge Program on Water and Food, June 2013
2931:. The Center for Food Security and Public Health
1295:transport is now common in developed countries.
1012:Traditionally, animal husbandry was part of the
3953:
3785:Mekonnen, Mesfin M.; Arjen Y. Hoekstra (2012).
3022:
2682:
2470:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1387:
1260:
3549:
2901:"EPRUMA | Responsible Use of Animal Medicines"
1904:needs, while only supplying 18% of the global
7173:
6863:
6126:
4718:
4464:
3653:
3419:
3201:
3025:"Scottish salmon farming's sea lice 'crisis'"
2620:
999:Farrowing site in a natural cave in northern
3286:
3284:
2832:
2710:Levinson, David; Christensen, Karen (2003).
1974:Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources
1764:
3597:
3426:Bell, Lindsay W.; Moore, Andrew D. (2012).
2781:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090904
1841:, greater vulnerability to conditions like
345:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
209:was first used between 1650 and 1660, as a
7180:
7166:
6870:
6856:
6133:
6119:
4725:
4711:
4202:
3887:
3217:Annual Review of Environment and Resources
3155:
3153:
2877:. Victorharbortimes.com.au. Archived from
2616:
2614:
2288:
2227:"Merriam-Webster: Definition of Livestock"
1474:Environmental impact of animal agriculture
1421:, nutrition consultants, shearers, etc.).
4583:
4532:
4490:
4398:
4293:
4236:
4176:Tackling Climate Change through Livestock
4123:"Global emissions from livestock in 2015"
3818:"Livestock a major threat to environment"
3792:. Water Footprint Network. Archived from
3671:
3573:
3425:
3387:
3320:
3281:
3228:
2779:
2580:
2570:
2499:
2489:
2439:
2429:
2380:
2322:
2312:
2169:
2151:
1898:greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture
1736:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
1251:Special Report on Climate Change and Land
365:Learn how and when to remove this message
229:Livestock Mandatory Reporting Act of 1999
187:greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture
4259:
4093:
4028:
4002:
3210:
2703:
2538:
1785:
1777:
1740:
1391:
1367:
1338:, such as may be found in many parts of
1264:
1176:are threats to livestock. In Australia,
1104:Livestock farmers have often dealt with
994:
986:
948:Animal husbandry § Range of species
196:
50:
36:
4686:A Short History of Livestock Production
3150:
3136:
3052:. Animal Health Ireland. Archived from
2872:
2736:
2611:
2605:"History of chickens – India and China"
2125:
1900:and demands around 30% of agricultural
1467:
125:classifies pork, veal, beef, and lamb (
14:
7438:
6877:
3893:
3096:
2873:Simmons, Michael (10 September 2009).
2826:
2741:. Penguin: Random House. p. 286.
2676:
2647:
1800:effects of climate change on livestock
1772:Effects of climate change on livestock
1314:. The Cargill plant together with the
1269:Pigs being loaded into their transport
7161:
6851:
6114:
4706:
4676:Havana Livestock Fair (Photo Feature)
4169:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4109:
3701:Current issues in rangeland economics
3230:10.1146/annurev-environ-012420-050035
3197:Australian Screen: Agricultural shows
2126:Anomaly, Jonathan (1 November 2015).
1090:animals are often intensively managed
221:, while livestock has a wider sense.
129:) as livestock, and all livestock as
6819:
4471:Communications Earth and Environment
4003:Smithers, Rebecca (5 October 2017).
3654:Gentner, B.J.; Tanaka, J.A. (2006).
3368:Environmental and Resource Economics
3023:Fraser, Douglas (14 February 2017).
2859:Northern Daily Leader, 20 May 2010,
2128:"What's Wrong With Factory Farming?"
1749:In addition, livestock produce
1196:Good husbandry, proper feeding, and
1112:. In North America, animals such as
982:
343:adding citations to reliable sources
310:
7187:
6831:
3068:
2863:(and killed them), p.3, Rural Press
2516:
2295:Larson, G.; Bradley, D. G. (2014).
2032:
688:Riding, racing, meat, milk and fur
24:
6682:Environmental impact of irrigation
4615:Lisa O'Carroll (3 November 2021).
4158:
4133:
4106:
3213:"The State of the World's Insects"
3211:Eggleton, Paul (17 October 2020).
1732:deforestation in the Amazon region
931:
538:Pack animals, milk, meat and hide
25:
7462:
4657:
3174:Markets from research to outcomes
3118:Food and Agriculture Organization
2219:
2194:
1889:and widely varying importance of
991:Goat family with one-week-old kid
7384:
6961:
6830:
6818:
6806:
6795:
6794:
6094:
6093:
6082:
4809:
4803:
4563:Science of the Total Environment
3919:Science of the Total Environment
3309:Journal of Development Economics
1964:Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
1932:
1825:The observed adverse impacts on
1770:This section is an excerpt from
921:
894:
867:
842:
814:
789:
764:
739:
714:
691:
666:
641:
616:
591:
566:
541:
516:
491:
466:
441:
416:
315:
6750:Agriculture and the environment
6487:British Agricultural Revolution
6140:
4585:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164247
4366:
4340:
4260:Lacetera, Nicola (2019-01-03).
4081:
4057:
4022:
3996:
3939:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.022
3910:
3862:
3848:. Academic Press. p. 277.
3835:
3810:
3778:
3719:
3688:
3638:
3575:10.5775/fg.2067-4635.2013.084.i
3527:
3264:
3245:
3190:
3167:
3105:
3090:
3042:
3016:
2991:
2969:
2943:
2918:
2893:
2866:
2853:
2805:"Swine Growing-Finishing Units"
2796:
2755:
2730:
2641:
2597:
2397:
2083:"Fresh Pork from Farm to Table"
1969:California Proposition 2 (2008)
1940:Agriculture and Agronomy portal
1798:There are numerous interlinked
786:Companionship, truffle hunting
6694:Climate change and agriculture
6467:Agriculture in the Middle Ages
4664:Better Lives Through Livestock
3506:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.04.025
2768:Annual Review of Public Health
2276:
2244:
2119:
2093:
2075:
2050:
1985:Leave the gate as you found it
1822:must also consider livestock.
1491:Greenhouse Gas Emissions (g CO
711:Riding, racing, meat and milk
663:Draught, milk, flesh and hide
563:Meat, milk and carrying loads
13:
1:
5752:Countries by meat consumption
4644:"just-transition-meat-sector"
3673:10.2458/azu_jrm_v55i1_gentner
3331:10.1016/S0304-3878(98)00037-6
2839:. Elsevier. pp. 360–62.
2648:Blench, Roger (17 May 2001).
2025:
1553:Non-recirculating Aquaculture
1298:Local and regional livestock
1028:In the traditional system of
7410:List of domesticated animals
6472:Arab Agricultural Revolution
6039:Non-vegetarian food in India
5757:Countries by meat production
4672:- New South Wales Government
4400:10.1016/j.oneear.2021.08.018
3842:Whitford, Walter G. (2002).
3604:Ali, A.; Khan, M.A. (2013).
2627:. Routledge. pp. 4–10.
2551:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
2314:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004093
1388:Economic and social benefits
1380:, and almost as much as all
1261:Transportation and marketing
1099:
307:List of domesticated animals
192:
7:
5762:Food and drink prohibitions
3660:Journal of Range Management
2836:Intensive Livestock Farming
2689:. JHU Press. pp. 1–2.
1925:
736:Pack animals, meat, fleece
588:Carrying loads and draught
438:Carrying loads and draught
10:
7467:
7083:Monkeys in Chinese culture
6432:Agriculture in Mesoamerica
4801:
4534:10.1007/s10584-019-02525-3
4492:10.1038/s43247-024-01232-x
4127:FAO - GLEAM v3.0 dashboard
3452:10.1016/j.agsy.2012.04.003
3077:"Chapter 5: Food Security"
1769:
1471:
1363:
1278:
1272:
1191:
1005:
945:
935:
808:Eurasia and North America
304:
248:
244:
32:Livestock (disambiguation)
29:
7393:
7382:
7195:
6970:
6959:
6885:
6791:
6782:Universities and colleges
6758:
6702:
6650:
6511:
6415:
6400:Universities and colleges
6212:
6205:
6171:
6148:
6077:
5975:
5910:
5867:
5819:
5804:Psychology of eating meat
5779:
5744:
5664:
5657:
5408:
5348:Black soldier fly maggots
5333:
5229:
5051:
4931:
4818:
4740:
4029:Margulis, Sergio (2003).
3845:Ecology of desert systems
3389:10.1007/s10640-010-9421-2
1820:effects of climate change
1792:impacts of climate change
1765:Impacts of climate change
1695:
1679:
1663:
1647:
1631:
1615:
1599:
1583:
1567:
1551:
1535:
1521:Recirculating Aquaculture
1519:
1503:
1490:
1487:
1483:for different food types
708:North Africa and SW Asia
6767:Agriculturist profession
6244:Agricultural engineering
6229:Agricultural cooperative
5877:Beef hormone controversy
4732:
4089:Fourth Assessment Report
3982:10.1177/2053019615591020
3253:http://faostat3.fao.org/
2683:Starrs, Paul F. (2000).
1855:CO2 fertilization effect
1808:greenhouse gas emissions
1481:greenhouse gas emissions
1349:(ICRISAT) has worked in
1312:coronavirus disease 2019
1275:Livestock transportation
1204:, by the farmer and the
836:Companionship, mousing,
300:
171:intensive animal farming
6948:Animal-assisted therapy
6672:Agricultural wastewater
6395:Sustainable food system
6390:Sustainable agriculture
6281:Animal-free agriculture
6249:Agricultural technology
4101:Fifth Assessment Report
3962:The Anthropocene Review
3904:10.1126/science.aad1607
3258:20 October 2016 at the
2926:"Classical swine fever"
2737:Rebanks, James (2015).
2572:10.1073/pnas.1303367110
2491:10.1073/pnas.0912264107
2431:10.1073/pnas.0905015106
2373:10.1126/science.1170587
1883:human development index
1432:small-scale agriculture
1108:predation and theft by
811:Companionship, hunting
613:Meat, milk and fleece.
513:Meat, milk and draught
488:Milk, meat and draught
463:Meat, milk and draught
295:Domestication of horses
279:sheep were domesticated
6772:Agricultural machinery
6730:History of agriculture
6715:Agriculture by country
6710:Agricultural machinery
6667:Agricultural pollution
6662:Agricultural expansion
6437:Austronesian expansion
6348:Mechanised agriculture
5902:Water holding capacity
3870:"Biodiversity Decline"
3097:Bonser, K. J. (1972).
2812:Pork Industry handbook
2716:. Sage. p. 1139.
2621:Webster, John (2013).
2257:. 2005. Archived from
2202:"Livestock definition"
2103:. USDA. Archived from
2062:American Horse Council
1885:and other measures of
1795:
1783:
1746:
1397:
1373:
1270:
1221:foot-and-mouth disease
1106:natural world animals'
1003:
992:
638:Meat, milk and fleece
283:Pigs were domesticated
271:Dogs were domesticated
251:History of agriculture
202:
154:, is a part of modern
60:
48:
7405:Human uses of animals
7282:Search and rescue dog
6777:Government ministries
6720:Agriculture companies
6556:Convertible husbandry
6234:Agricultural supplies
6184:Agricultural Engineer
5887:Feed conversion ratio
5789:Ethics of eating meat
4209:Global Change Biology
4041:10.1596/0-8213-5691-7
3163:. CBC. 19 April 2020.
3146:. CBC. 21 April 2020.
2833:Blount, W.P. (2013).
1863:vector-borne diseases
1789:
1781:
1744:
1728:sixth mass extinction
1395:
1371:
1279:Further information:
1268:
1240:antibiotic resistance
1213:classical swine fever
1049:Western United States
998:
990:
249:Further information:
200:
54:
40:
7272:Military working dog
6427:Neolithic Revolution
6286:Cellular agriculture
6239:Agricultural science
5940:Environmental impact
4444:10.1029/2022EF003109
4430:(2): e2022EF003109.
3486:Ecological Economics
3432:Agricultural Systems
3101:. Country Book Club.
2951:"Scrapie Fact Sheet"
2861:Dogs mauled 30 sheep
2132:Public Health Ethics
1827:livestock production
1617:Non-trawling Fishery
1468:Environmental impact
1202:veterinary medicines
1160:. In South America,
1079:In rural locations,
1014:subsistence farmer's
635:Greece and Pakistan
610:Iran and Asia Minor
339:improve this section
57:Écrins National Park
30:For other uses, see
4576:2023ScTEn.88864247R
4525:2019ClCh..156..567S
4483:2024ComEE...5...65L
4436:2023EaFut..1103109Z
4391:2021OEart...4.1201R
4221:2014GCBio..20.3092G
4179:. Rome: FAO. 2013.
3974:2015AntRv...2..196W
3931:2015ScTEn.536..419M
3748:10.1038/nature13959
3740:2014Natur.515..518T
3707:on 19 December 2018
3613:J. Animal Plant Sci
3498:2012EcoEc..79..105K
3444:2012AgSys.111....1B
3380:2011EnREc..48..679J
2957:on 12 December 2020
2739:The Shepherd's Life
2563:2013PNAS..110E1398M
2482:2010PNAS..107.7686L
2422:2009PNAS..10616135V
2365:2009Sci...324..532C
2264:on 12 February 2011
2107:on 22 November 2017
1887:national resilience
1724:habitat destruction
1484:
1308:High River, Alberta
1186:wedge-tailed eagles
1146:Asiatic black bears
681:Wild Bactrian camel
585:India and Malaysia
285:by 8,500 BC in the
6879:Mammals in culture
6561:Rotational grazing
6477:Columbian exchange
6064:Warmed-over flavor
5832:Semi-vegetarianism
4074:2022-10-10 at the
3050:"Parasite control"
2881:on 11 January 2012
2664:on 1 February 2012
2526:. Ansi.okstate.edu
2144:10.1093/phe/phu001
2005:(silkworm farming)
1871:sub-Saharan Africa
1829:include increased
1796:
1784:
1747:
1714:factor in species
1478:
1398:
1374:
1324:Harmony Beef plant
1306:slaughterhouse in
1271:
1004:
993:
909:Montane guinea pig
560:India and SE Asia
556:Wild water buffalo
203:
61:
49:
7433:
7432:
7155:
7154:
6918:Laboratory animal
6845:
6844:
6405:Urban agriculture
6378:Rice-duck farming
6326:Intensive farming
6296:Extensive farming
6108:
6107:
5775:
5774:
4699:. 16 January 2023
4682:, 19 October 2010
4278:10.1093/af/vfy030
4229:10.1111/gcb.12589
4215:(10): 3092–3102.
4050:978-0-8213-5691-3
3874:Annenberg Learner
3855:978-0-12-747261-4
3734:(7528): 518–522.
2979:. The Cattle Site
2846:978-1-4831-9565-0
2723:978-0-7619-2598-9
2696:978-0-8018-6351-6
2634:978-1-84971-420-4
2557:(15): E1398–406.
2476:(17): 7686–7691.
2359:(5926): 532–536.
1845:or even impaired
1711:
1710:
1498:
1494:
1458:cultural heritage
1443:economic security
1281:Agricultural show
1249:According to the
983:Farming practices
929:
928:
838:vibration therapy
375:
374:
367:
16:(Redirected from
7458:
7388:
7182:
7175:
7168:
7159:
7158:
6965:
6913:Animals in sport
6893:Animal husbandry
6872:
6865:
6858:
6849:
6848:
6834:
6833:
6822:
6821:
6810:
6798:
6797:
6642:Wildlife farming
6492:Green Revolution
6443:Ancient history
6383:Rice-fish system
6291:Contract farming
6276:Animal husbandry
6135:
6128:
6121:
6112:
6111:
6097:
6096:
6087:
6086:
6059:Roadkill cuisine
5854:Meat alternative
5849:Plant-based diet
5767:Meat substitutes
5662:
5661:
4813:
4807:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4704:
4703:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4587:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4536:
4503:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4462:
4456:
4455:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4402:
4385:(9): 1201–1204.
4370:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4350:. Archived from
4344:
4338:
4327:
4308:
4307:
4297:
4266:Animal Frontiers
4257:
4251:
4250:
4240:
4200:
4191:
4190:
4171:
4156:
4155:
4146:
4131:
4130:
4119:
4104:
4097:
4091:
4085:
4079:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4000:
3994:
3993:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3798:
3791:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3675:
3651:
3645:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3610:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3577:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3391:
3365:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3324:
3306:
3297:
3291:
3288:
3279:
3278:
3268:
3262:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3232:
3208:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3157:
3148:
3147:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3120:. Archived from
3109:
3103:
3102:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3081:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3009:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2977:"Foot-and-mouth"
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2930:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2870:
2864:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2809:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2783:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2748:978-0141-97936-6
2734:
2728:
2727:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2656:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2584:
2574:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2503:
2493:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2443:
2433:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2384:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2326:
2316:
2292:
2286:
2285:, 28 August 2003
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2263:
2256:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2173:
2155:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2036:
2019:Wildlife farming
1981:(rabbit farming)
1959:Amenable species
1942:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1751:greenhouse gases
1706:
1705:
1690:
1689:
1674:
1673:
1658:
1657:
1642:
1641:
1626:
1625:
1610:
1609:
1594:
1593:
1578:
1577:
1562:
1561:
1546:
1545:
1537:Trawling Fishery
1530:
1529:
1514:
1513:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1477:
1287:driven to market
1174:spectacled bears
1008:Animal husbandry
925:
898:
871:
846:
818:
793:
768:
743:
718:
695:
670:
645:
620:
595:
570:
545:
520:
495:
470:
456:Eurasian aurochs
445:
431:African wild ass
420:
380:
379:
370:
363:
359:
356:
350:
319:
311:
289:and 6,000 BC in
151:animal husbandry
44:on a pasture in
21:
7466:
7465:
7461:
7460:
7459:
7457:
7456:
7455:
7436:
7435:
7434:
7429:
7420:Military animal
7389:
7380:
7191:
7189:Working animals
7186:
7156:
7151:
6966:
6957:
6881:
6876:
6846:
6841:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6754:
6745:Poultry farming
6698:
6653:
6646:
6617:Poultry farming
6507:
6483:Modern history
6463:Post-classical
6411:
6410:
6409:
6353:Organic farming
6208:
6207:
6203:
6167:
6144:
6139:
6109:
6104:
6089:Food portal
6081:
6073:
5995:Case-ready meat
5977:
5971:
5945:Factory farming
5906:
5863:
5815:
5781:
5771:
5740:
5653:
5410:
5404:
5329:
5234:
5225:
5047:
4927:
4898:Lamb and mutton
4814:
4808:
4799:
4736:
4731:
4660:
4655:
4654:
4646:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4627:
4625:
4613:
4609:
4554:
4550:
4513:Climatic Change
4504:
4500:
4463:
4459:
4420:
4416:
4371:
4367:
4357:
4355:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4328:
4311:
4258:
4254:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4173:
4172:
4159:
4148:
4147:
4134:
4121:
4120:
4107:
4098:
4094:
4086:
4082:
4076:Wayback Machine
4065:ICPCC AR6 WGII.
4062:
4058:
4051:
4027:
4023:
4013:
4011:
4001:
3997:
3958:
3954:
3915:
3911:
3892:
3888:
3878:
3876:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3856:
3840:
3836:
3827:
3825:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3783:
3779:
3724:
3720:
3710:
3708:
3693:
3689:
3652:
3648:
3643:
3639:
3629:
3627:
3608:
3602:
3598:
3588:
3586:
3564:(in Romanian).
3562:Forum Geografic
3554:
3550:
3532:
3528:
3518:
3516:
3478:
3474:
3464:
3462:
3424:
3420:
3410:
3408:
3363:
3357:
3353:
3343:
3341:
3322:10.1.1.198.7519
3304:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3282:
3269:
3265:
3260:Wayback Machine
3250:
3246:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3191:
3185:Farming Matters
3172:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3151:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3127:
3125:
3124:on 12 June 2009
3110:
3106:
3095:
3091:
3079:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3021:
3017:
3007:
3005:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2884:
2882:
2871:
2867:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2807:
2801:
2797:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2619:
2612:
2607:. 12 June 2017.
2603:
2602:
2598:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2461:
2457:
2416:(38): 16135–8.
2402:
2398:
2344:
2340:
2307:(1): e1004093.
2293:
2289:
2281:
2277:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2231:Merriam-Webster
2225:
2224:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2046:. 15 June 2024.
2038:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2009:Sheep husbandry
1938:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1775:
1767:
1720:desertification
1707:
1703:
1702:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1499:per g protein)
1476:
1470:
1390:
1366:
1328:Balzac, Alberta
1320:Brooks, Alberta
1283:
1277:
1263:
1194:
1102:
1010:
985:
977:poultry farming
975:) or chickens (
953:Micro-livestock
950:
944:
936:Main articles:
934:
932:Micro-livestock
884:European rabbit
861:Southeast Asia
829:African wildcat
371:
360:
354:
351:
336:
320:
309:
303:
257:hunter-gatherer
253:
247:
195:
164:hunter-gatherer
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7464:
7454:
7453:
7448:
7431:
7430:
7428:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7397:Related topics
7394:
7391:
7390:
7383:
7381:
7379:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7347:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7300:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7232:Assistance dog
7224:
7223:
7222:
7217:
7215:Bactrian camel
7207:
7202:
7200:Asian elephant
7196:
7193:
7192:
7185:
7184:
7177:
7170:
7162:
7153:
7152:
7150:
7149:
7148:
7147:
7137:
7136:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7123:Whale watching
7120:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7100:Spotted hyenas
7097:
7092:
7091:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7046:
7045:
7040:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
7001:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6980:
6974:
6972:
6968:
6967:
6960:
6958:
6956:
6955:
6953:Working animal
6950:
6945:
6943:Service animal
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6889:
6887:
6883:
6882:
6875:
6874:
6867:
6860:
6852:
6843:
6842:
6840:
6828:
6816:
6804:
6792:
6789:
6788:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6756:
6755:
6753:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6706:
6704:
6700:
6699:
6697:
6696:
6691:
6690:
6689:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6658:
6656:
6648:
6647:
6645:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6608:
6607:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6586:
6585:
6575:
6573:Insect farming
6570:
6565:
6564:
6563:
6558:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6517:
6515:
6509:
6508:
6506:
6505:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6481:
6480:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6454:
6452:Ancient Greece
6449:
6441:
6440:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6421:
6419:
6413:
6412:
6408:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6344:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6262:
6261:
6256:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6220:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6210:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6202:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6175:
6173:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6149:
6146:
6145:
6138:
6137:
6130:
6123:
6115:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6102:
6100:Category: Meat
6091:
6078:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6025:
6024:
6014:
6009:
6004:
6003:
6002:
5992:
5987:
5981:
5979:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5969:
5968:
5967:
5965:Slaughterhouse
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5916:
5914:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5873:
5871:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5845:
5844:
5842:Pollotarianism
5839:
5837:Pescetarianism
5829:
5823:
5821:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5811:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5785:
5783:
5777:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5748:
5746:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5707:
5706:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5670:
5668:
5659:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5499:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5414:
5412:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5339:
5337:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5241:
5239:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5057:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4937:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
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4855:
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4824:
4822:
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4802:
4800:
4798:
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4777:
4772:
4767:
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4757:
4752:
4746:
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4738:
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4730:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4688:
4683:
4673:
4667:
4659:
4658:External links
4656:
4653:
4652:
4635:
4607:
4548:
4519:(4): 567–587.
4498:
4457:
4424:Earth's Future
4414:
4365:
4339:
4309:
4252:
4192:
4185:
4157:
4132:
4105:
4092:
4080:
4056:
4049:
4021:
3995:
3968:(3): 196–219.
3952:
3909:
3886:
3861:
3854:
3834:
3809:
3777:
3718:
3687:
3646:
3637:
3619:(1): 313–318.
3596:
3548:
3526:
3472:
3418:
3374:(4): 679–694.
3351:
3315:(2): 273–305.
3292:
3280:
3263:
3244:
3200:
3189:
3179:1 May 2014 at
3166:
3149:
3135:
3104:
3089:
3067:
3056:on 14 May 2017
3041:
3015:
3003:Britannica.com
2990:
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2747:
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2722:
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2675:
2640:
2633:
2610:
2596:
2537:
2515:
2455:
2396:
2338:
2287:
2275:
2243:
2218:
2206:Dictionary.com
2193:
2138:(3): 246–254.
2118:
2092:
2074:
2049:
2044:Britannica.com
2030:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1995:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1927:
1924:
1804:climate change
1790:Multi-faceted
1776:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1709:
1708:
1701:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1683:
1677:
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1525:
1523:
1517:
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1509:
1507:
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1500:
1489:
1472:Main article:
1469:
1466:
1415:seed companies
1389:
1386:
1365:
1362:
1273:Main article:
1262:
1259:
1255:climate change
1193:
1190:
1154:spotted hyenas
1101:
1098:
1006:Main article:
984:
981:
942:Rabbit farming
938:Rodent farming
933:
930:
927:
926:
919:
916:
911:
906:
900:
899:
892:
889:
886:
881:
875:
874:
872:
865:
862:
859:
857:red junglefowl
854:
848:
847:
840:
834:
831:
826:
820:
819:
812:
809:
806:
801:
795:
794:
787:
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781:
776:
770:
769:
762:
759:
756:
751:
745:
744:
737:
734:
731:
726:
720:
719:
712:
709:
706:
705:Thomas' camel
703:
697:
696:
689:
686:
683:
678:
676:Bactrian camel
672:
671:
664:
661:
658:
653:
647:
646:
639:
636:
633:
628:
622:
621:
614:
611:
608:
603:
597:
596:
589:
586:
583:
578:
572:
571:
564:
561:
558:
553:
547:
546:
539:
536:
533:
528:
522:
521:
514:
511:
508:
503:
497:
496:
489:
486:
483:
481:Indian aurochs
478:
472:
471:
464:
461:
458:
453:
447:
446:
439:
436:
433:
428:
422:
421:
414:
411:
408:
403:
397:
396:
393:
390:
389:Domestication
387:
384:
373:
372:
323:
321:
314:
302:
299:
246:
243:
194:
191:
175:animal welfare
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7463:
7452:
7451:Meat industry
7449:
7447:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7402:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7392:
7387:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7371:Water buffalo
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7316:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7237:Detection dog
7235:
7233:
7230:
7229:
7228:
7225:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7212:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7197:
7194:
7190:
7183:
7178:
7176:
7171:
7169:
7164:
7163:
7160:
7146:
7143:
7142:
7141:
7138:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7128:Whale worship
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7115:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
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7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7044:
7043:Horse worship
7041:
7039:
7038:Horses in art
7036:
7035:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6985:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6975:
6973:
6969:
6964:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6938:Equestrianism
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6884:
6880:
6873:
6868:
6866:
6861:
6859:
6854:
6853:
6850:
6839:
6838:
6829:
6827:
6826:
6817:
6815:
6814:
6809:
6805:
6803:
6802:
6793:
6790:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6740:Meat industry
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6725:Biotechnology
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6707:
6705:
6701:
6695:
6692:
6688:
6685:
6684:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6655:
6652:Environmental
6649:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6632:Sheep farming
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6606:
6603:
6602:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6584:
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6580:
6579:
6576:
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6569:
6566:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6553:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6536:Dairy farming
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6514:
6513:Farming Types
6510:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6447:Ancient Egypt
6445:
6444:
6442:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6420:
6418:
6414:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6358:Paludiculture
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6260:
6259:Biotechnology
6257:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6217:
6215:
6211:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6179:Agriculturist
6177:
6176:
6174:
6170:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6147:
6143:
6136:
6131:
6129:
6124:
6122:
6117:
6116:
6113:
6101:
6092:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6079:
6076:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6007:Cultured meat
6005:
6001:
5998:
5997:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5974:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5913:
5912:Meat industry
5909:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5827:Vegetarianism
5825:
5824:
5822:
5818:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5799:Animal rights
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5778:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5743:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5667:
5663:
5660:
5658:List articles
5656:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5559:Luncheon meat
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5407:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5368:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5332:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5232:
5228:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5156:Pacific saury
5154:
5152:
5151:Orange roughy
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
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4570:: 2329–2340.
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4354:on 2016-10-20
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3824:on 2008-03-28
3823:
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3799:on 2015-03-11
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3019:
3004:
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2905:www.epruma.eu
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2301:PLOS Genetics
2298:
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2096:
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2087:fsis.usda.gov
2084:
2078:
2063:
2059:
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2045:
2041:
2035:
2031:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1993:
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1988:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1975:
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1965:
1962:
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1957:
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1920:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
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1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:food security
1872:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1794:on livestock.
1793:
1788:
1780:
1773:
1762:
1760:
1759:GHG emissions
1756:
1755:nitrous oxide
1752:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1650:
1649:Starchy Roots
1646:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1582:
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1556:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1524:
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1518:
1508:
1506:
1505:Ruminant Meat
1502:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1439:food security
1435:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1419:veterinarians
1416:
1412:
1411:food services
1408:
1404:
1394:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1370:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1343:
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1337:
1333:
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1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
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1267:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:cloven-hoofed
1222:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1118:grizzly bears
1115:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1002:
997:
989:
980:
978:
974:
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966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
943:
939:
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920:
917:
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910:
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905:
902:
901:
897:
893:
890:
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885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
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866:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
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841:
839:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
817:
813:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
796:
792:
788:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
767:
763:
761:Meat, fleece
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
742:
738:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
721:
717:
713:
710:
707:
704:
702:
701:Arabian camel
699:
698:
694:
690:
687:
685:Central Asia
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
673:
669:
665:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
644:
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629:
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584:
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579:
577:
574:
573:
569:
565:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
551:Water buffalo
549:
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512:
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348:
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333:
329:
324:This section
322:
318:
313:
312:
308:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
266:
262:
258:
252:
242:
240:
236:
232:
230:
226:
225:United States
222:
220:
216:
212:
211:compound word
208:
199:
190:
188:
184:
183:public health
180:
176:
172:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
152:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:raised in an
72:
69:
65:
58:
53:
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
7414:
7339:Riding horse
7095:Seal hunting
6993:Bear hunting
6988:Bear-baiting
6922:
6898:Draft animal
6835:
6823:
6811:
6799:
6687:Overdrafting
6577:
6546:Goat farming
6457:Ancient Rome
6363:Permaculture
6321:Horticulture
6266:Agroforestry
6224:Agribusiness
6029:Mystery meat
5985:Arachnophagy
5925:Branch house
5892:Preservation
5869:Meat science
5820:Alternatives
5809:Meat paradox
5731:Smoked foods
5370:Grasshoppers
5315:Sea cucumber
5310:Shrimp/prawn
4819:
4696:The Guardian
4694:
4680:Havana Times
4679:
4638:
4626:. Retrieved
4622:The Guardian
4620:
4610:
4567:
4561:
4551:
4516:
4512:
4501:
4474:
4470:
4460:
4427:
4423:
4417:
4382:
4378:
4368:
4356:. Retrieved
4352:the original
4342:
4272:(1): 26–31.
4269:
4265:
4255:
4212:
4208:
4175:
4154:. FAO. 2016.
4150:
4126:
4095:
4083:
4064:
4059:
4031:
4024:
4012:. Retrieved
4009:The Guardian
4008:
3998:
3965:
3961:
3955:
3922:
3918:
3912:
3895:
3889:
3877:. Retrieved
3873:
3864:
3844:
3837:
3826:. Retrieved
3822:the original
3812:
3801:. Retrieved
3794:the original
3780:
3731:
3727:
3721:
3709:. Retrieved
3705:the original
3700:
3690:
3663:
3659:
3649:
3640:
3628:. Retrieved
3616:
3612:
3599:
3587:. Retrieved
3568:(1): 75–80.
3565:
3561:
3551:
3535:
3529:
3517:. Retrieved
3489:
3485:
3475:
3463:. Retrieved
3435:
3431:
3421:
3409:. Retrieved
3371:
3367:
3354:
3342:. Retrieved
3312:
3308:
3295:
3273:
3266:
3247:
3223:(1): 61–82.
3220:
3216:
3192:
3184:
3169:
3138:
3126:. Retrieved
3122:the original
3107:
3098:
3092:
3083:
3070:
3058:. Retrieved
3054:the original
3044:
3032:. Retrieved
3028:
3018:
3006:. Retrieved
3002:
2993:
2981:. Retrieved
2971:
2959:. Retrieved
2955:the original
2945:
2933:. Retrieved
2920:
2908:. Retrieved
2904:
2895:
2883:. Retrieved
2879:the original
2868:
2860:
2855:
2835:
2828:
2816:. Retrieved
2811:
2798:
2771:
2767:
2757:
2738:
2732:
2712:
2705:
2685:
2678:
2666:. Retrieved
2659:the original
2650:
2643:
2623:
2599:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2528:. Retrieved
2518:
2473:
2469:
2458:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2356:
2352:
2341:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2278:
2266:. Retrieved
2259:the original
2246:
2234:. Retrieved
2230:
2221:
2209:. Retrieved
2205:
2196:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2109:. Retrieved
2105:the original
2095:
2086:
2077:
2065:. Retrieved
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2014:Western Fair
1989:
1949:Agribusiness
1867:
1847:reproduction
1824:
1797:
1748:
1712:
1462:
1454:
1447:
1436:
1423:
1399:
1375:
1355:
1344:
1340:Central Asia
1297:
1291:
1284:
1248:
1237:
1210:
1206:veterinarian
1195:
1156:, and other
1103:
1078:
1038:
1030:transhumance
1027:
1011:
952:
951:
824:Domestic Cat
799:Domestic Dog
774:Domestic Pig
392:Utilization
376:
361:
352:
337:Please help
325:
269:
254:
234:
233:
223:
206:
204:
168:
149:
147:
75:agricultural
68:domesticated
63:
62:
18:Farm animals
7425:Pack animal
7344:Stock horse
7324:Guide horse
7319:Draft horse
7297:Therapy dog
7287:Service dog
7262:Hunting dog
7257:Herding dog
7242:Draught dog
7205:Bali cattle
6928:Pack animal
6903:Fur farming
6837:Wikiproject
6677:Overgrazing
6612:Pig farming
6595:Paddy field
6568:Hydroponics
6541:Fur farming
6526:Aquaculture
6521:Agrivoltaic
6502:Monoculture
6423:Prehistory
6373:Polyculture
6194:Farm worker
6172:Occupations
6142:Agriculture
6012:Entomophagy
6000:Meat diaper
5990:Cannibalism
5666:Meat dishes
5448:Charcuterie
5411:preparation
5395:Mopane worm
5385:Mezcal worm
3925:: 419–431.
3711:30 November
3492:: 105–112.
2885:10 December
2530:10 December
2268:10 December
2211:23 November
2111:29 November
2040:"livestock"
2003:Sericulture
1994:(UN report)
1979:Cuniculture
1954:Agroecology
1902:fresh water
1891:pastoralism
1851:animal feed
1831:heat stress
1806:due to its
1488:Food Types
1452:societies.
1378:vertebrates
1358:stock shows
1223:affect all
1114:gray wolves
973:aquaculture
891:Meat, wool
631:Bezoar ibex
501:Bali cattle
179:environment
156:agriculture
7440:Categories
7329:Pack horse
7277:Police dog
7088:Orangutans
6998:Teddy bear
6703:Categories
6368:Plantation
6316:Free range
6311:Feed ratio
6069:White meat
6044:Pink slime
6022:Artificial
5897:Tenderness
5782:psychology
5780:Ethics and
5614:Salt-cured
5320:Sea urchin
4888:Guinea pig
4014:3 November
3879:8 February
3828:2018-04-01
3803:2018-04-01
3544:10174/9347
2910:8 February
2774:: 151–69.
2236:18 January
2153:10161/9733
2067:19 January
2026:References
1879:rangelands
1816:adaptation
1716:extinction
1336:wet market
1229:quarantine
1162:feral dogs
1158:carnivores
1150:crocodiles
969:honey bees
961:lagomorphs
946:See also:
904:Guinea pig
864:Meat, egg
833:Near East
355:April 2018
305:See also:
265:physiology
105:, such as
7446:Livestock
7415:Livestock
7267:Mercy dog
7252:Guide dog
7247:Guard dog
7220:Dromedary
7055:Kangaroos
7025:Elephants
6923:Livestock
6735:Livestock
6578:Livestock
6306:Farmhouse
5960:Slaughter
5882:Drip loss
5604:Rillettes
5564:Marinated
5502:Forcemeat
5488:Fermented
5428:Barbecued
5400:Palm grub
5231:Shellfish
5201:Swordfish
5136:Mahi Mahi
4966:Crocodile
4941:Alligator
4820:Livestock
4750:Cassowary
4670:Livestock
4602:258751271
4543:201103432
4477:(1): 65.
4452:256256647
4409:239376124
4379:One Earth
4348:"FAOStat"
4286:2160-6056
3756:1476-4687
3682:0022-409X
3625:1018-7081
3584:1583-1523
3514:0921-8009
3460:0308-521X
3398:0924-6460
3339:0304-3878
3317:CiteSeerX
3239:1543-5938
2162:1754-9973
1919:subsidies
1859:parasites
1835:heatwaves
1403:abattoirs
1384:combined.
1316:JBS plant
1170:anacondas
1100:Predation
1041:predators
779:Wild boar
386:Ancestor
326:does not
287:Near East
261:lifecycle
235:Deadstock
207:livestock
205:The word
193:Etymology
103:ruminants
64:Livestock
55:Sheep in
7366:Reindeer
7334:Pit pony
7292:Sled dog
7145:Werewolf
7078:Gorillas
7074:Simians
6801:Category
6627:Orchards
6600:Pastoral
6271:Agronomy
6054:Red meat
6049:Raw meat
5978:subjects
5859:Veganism
5726:Meatball
5589:Pemmican
5574:Meatloaf
5569:Meatball
5409:Cuts and
5390:Silkworm
5380:Mealworm
5358:Crickets
5270:Crayfish
5250:Calamari
5146:Milkfish
5131:Mackerel
5126:Kingfish
5101:Flounder
5001:Pangolin
4986:Kangaroo
4971:Elephant
4956:Bushmeat
4594:37196966
4304:32002236
4247:24692268
4072:Archived
3947:26231772
3764:25383533
3438:: 1–12.
3406:54050586
3256:Archived
3177:Archived
3128:29 April
3008:29 April
2790:18348709
2668:29 April
2591:23530234
2510:20404179
2450:19706455
2391:19390051
2333:24453989
2188:39813493
2180:36540869
1926:See also
1915:net zero
1843:lameness
1812:trillion
1407:butchers
1351:Zimbabwe
1322:and the
1300:auctions
1244:sea lice
1233:Vaccines
1130:leopards
1110:rustlers
1094:feedlots
1045:Ranching
1021:(by the
965:crickets
783:Eurasia
660:Eurasia
656:Reindeer
651:Reindeer
531:Wild yak
510:SE Asia
485:Eurasia
460:Eurasia
410:Eurasia
395:Picture
131:red meat
66:are the
59:(France)
7118:Whaling
7114:Whales
7110:Weasels
7050:Jaguars
7034:Horses
7010:Coyotes
6908:Hunting
6825:Commons
6637:Terrace
6583:Pasture
6551:Grazing
6497:Organic
6417:History
6331:animals
6254:Digital
6214:General
6158:History
6153:Outline
6017:Marbled
5976:Related
5955:Packing
5930:Butcher
5794:Carnism
5736:Sausage
5711:Seafood
5679:Chicken
5649:Tartare
5644:Tandoor
5624:Sausage
5609:Roasted
5594:Poached
5584:Pickled
5507:Cretons
5497:supreme
5438:Braised
5433:Biltong
5335:Insects
5300:Scallop
5290:Octopus
5280:Lobster
5275:Dolphin
5245:Abalone
5237:seafood
5221:Walleye
5206:Tilapia
5181:Sardine
5171:Pollock
5121:Herring
5116:Halibut
5111:Haddock
5106:Grouper
5091:Crappie
5081:Catfish
5061:Anchovy
5031:Venison
4848:Buffalo
4838:Beefalo
4775:Ostrich
4755:Chicken
4742:Poultry
4666:by ILRI
4628:12 June
4572:Bibcode
4521:Bibcode
4479:Bibcode
4432:Bibcode
4387:Bibcode
4358:12 June
4295:6951873
4238:4282280
4217:Bibcode
3990:7771527
3970:Bibcode
3927:Bibcode
3896:Science
3772:4453972
3736:Bibcode
3494:Bibcode
3440:Bibcode
3376:Bibcode
3181:WebCite
2582:3625352
2559:Bibcode
2501:2867865
2478:Bibcode
2441:2752532
2418:Bibcode
2382:3145132
2361:Bibcode
2353:Science
2324:3894154
2171:9757169
1910:protein
1906:calorie
1697:Legumes
1585:Poultry
1450:nomadic
1427:tillage
1382:insects
1364:Biomass
1304:Cargill
1217:scrapie
1198:hygiene
1192:Disease
1178:dingoes
1166:jaguars
1126:coyotes
1122:cougars
1085:poultry
1062:ostrich
1047:in the
1034:montane
957:rodents
888:Europe
852:Chicken
729:Guanaco
606:Mouflon
506:Banteng
435:Africa
383:Animal
347:removed
332:sources
245:History
219:bovines
160:farming
135:Poultry
95:leather
71:animals
46:Austria
7304:Donkey
7140:Wolves
7105:Tigers
7060:Koalas
6886:Topics
6813:Portal
6654:impact
6605:Bocage
6531:Cattle
6199:Herder
6189:Farmer
6098:
5950:Jobber
5935:Cutter
5920:Broker
5721:Steaks
5639:Stewed
5629:Smoked
5619:Salumi
5599:Potted
5549:Kidney
5529:Ground
5524:Frozen
5493:Fillet
5473:Cutlet
5463:Corned
5458:Confit
5443:Burger
5374:locust
5353:Cicada
5295:Oyster
5285:Mussel
5255:Chiton
5235:other
5176:Salmon
5141:Marlin
5026:Turtle
5016:Rabbit
4991:Monkey
4981:Iguana
4923:Żubroń
4878:Snails
4873:Donkey
4828:Alpaca
4795:Turkey
4780:Pigeon
4600:
4592:
4541:
4450:
4407:
4302:
4292:
4284:
4245:
4235:
4183:
4067:7-34.
4047:
3988:
3945:
3852:
3770:
3762:
3754:
3728:Nature
3680:
3630:12 May
3623:
3589:12 May
3582:
3519:12 May
3512:
3465:12 May
3458:
3411:12 May
3404:
3396:
3344:12 May
3337:
3319:
3237:
3060:20 May
3034:20 May
2983:20 May
2961:20 May
2935:20 May
2843:
2818:17 May
2788:
2745:
2720:
2693:
2631:
2589:
2579:
2508:
2498:
2448:
2438:
2389:
2379:
2331:
2321:
2186:
2178:
2168:
2160:
1722:, and
1332:bazaar
1184:, and
1172:, and
1142:dholes
1134:tigers
1124:, and
1074:alpaca
1023:Maasai
879:Rabbit
758:Andes
754:vicuña
749:Alpaca
733:Andes
535:Tibet
451:Cattle
426:Donkey
406:Tarpan
239:Canada
215:cattle
181:, and
177:, the
127:mutton
119:Horses
113:, and
107:cattle
97:, and
42:Cattle
7351:Llama
7314:Horse
7309:Gayal
7210:Camel
7133:Orcas
7065:Lions
7030:Foxes
6983:Bears
6971:Types
6759:Lists
6622:Ranch
6590:Mixed
6341:crops
6163:Index
6034:Offal
5745:Other
5634:Steak
5579:Offal
5554:Liver
5544:Kebab
5539:Jerky
5519:Fried
5478:Dried
5468:Cured
5423:Bacon
5363:Flour
5325:Whale
5211:Trout
5186:Shark
5161:Perch
5021:Snake
4996:Mouse
4903:Llama
4893:Horse
4853:Camel
4843:Bison
4785:Quail
4770:Goose
4647:(PDF)
4598:S2CID
4539:S2CID
4448:S2CID
4405:S2CID
4333:. In
3986:S2CID
3797:(PDF)
3790:(PDF)
3768:S2CID
3666:(1).
3609:(PDF)
3402:S2CID
3364:(PDF)
3305:(PDF)
3080:(PDF)
2929:(PDF)
2808:(PDF)
2662:(PDF)
2655:(PDF)
2262:(PDF)
2255:(PDF)
2184:S2CID
1681:Maize
1665:Wheat
1601:Dairy
1479:Mean
1293:Truck
1182:foxes
1138:lions
1070:llama
1054:sheep
1019:blood
1001:Spain
918:Meat
914:Andes
724:Llama
601:Sheep
576:Gayal
401:Horse
301:Types
291:China
275:Goats
162:from
115:goats
111:sheep
7356:Mule
7070:Pigs
7020:Deer
7015:Dogs
7005:Cats
6978:Bats
6336:pigs
6301:Farm
5716:Veal
5699:Pork
5694:Lamb
5689:Goat
5684:Fish
5674:Beef
5512:Pâté
5453:Chop
5418:Aged
5343:Ants
5305:Seal
5265:Crab
5260:Clam
5216:Tuna
5196:Swai
5191:Sole
5166:Pike
5076:Carp
5071:Bass
5066:Basa
5053:Fish
5041:Wolf
5011:Hare
4961:Boar
4951:Bear
4933:Game
4913:Veal
4908:Pork
4883:Frog
4863:Goat
4833:Beef
4790:Rhea
4760:Duck
4734:Meat
4630:2023
4590:PMID
4360:2023
4300:PMID
4282:ISSN
4243:PMID
4181:ISBN
4045:ISBN
4016:2017
3943:PMID
3881:2020
3850:ISBN
3760:PMID
3752:ISSN
3713:2018
3678:ISSN
3632:2018
3621:ISSN
3591:2018
3580:ISSN
3521:2018
3510:ISSN
3467:2018
3456:ISSN
3413:2018
3394:ISSN
3346:2018
3335:ISSN
3235:ISSN
3130:2018
3062:2017
3036:2017
3010:2018
2985:2017
2963:2017
2937:2017
2912:2020
2887:2011
2841:ISBN
2820:2017
2786:PMID
2743:ISBN
2718:ISBN
2691:ISBN
2670:2018
2629:ISBN
2587:PMID
2532:2011
2506:PMID
2446:PMID
2387:PMID
2329:PMID
2270:2011
2238:2019
2213:2015
2176:PMID
2158:ISSN
2113:2017
2069:2019
1861:and
1839:milk
1704:0.25
1633:Eggs
1569:Pork
1441:and
1215:and
1083:and
1081:pigs
1072:and
1058:deer
967:and
959:and
940:and
804:Wolf
626:Goat
581:Gaur
476:Zebu
330:any
328:cite
277:and
263:and
139:fish
137:and
123:USDA
99:wool
87:milk
83:eggs
79:meat
7376:Yak
7227:Dog
6933:Pet
5704:Ham
5534:Ham
5483:Dum
5233:and
5096:Eel
5086:Cod
5036:Dog
5006:Rat
4976:Fox
4946:Bat
4918:Yak
4868:Dog
4858:Cat
4765:Emu
4580:doi
4568:888
4529:doi
4517:156
4487:doi
4440:doi
4395:doi
4290:PMC
4274:doi
4233:PMC
4225:doi
4037:doi
3978:doi
3935:doi
3923:536
3900:doi
3744:doi
3732:515
3668:doi
3570:doi
3566:XII
3540:hdl
3502:doi
3448:doi
3436:111
3384:doi
3327:doi
3225:doi
3029:BBC
2776:doi
2577:PMC
2567:doi
2555:110
2496:PMC
2486:doi
2474:107
2436:PMC
2426:doi
2414:106
2377:PMC
2369:doi
2357:324
2319:PMC
2309:doi
2166:PMC
2148:hdl
2140:doi
1998:Pen
1818:to
1688:1.2
1672:1.2
1656:1.7
1640:6.8
1624:8.6
1608:9.1
1356:In
1334:or
1326:in
1318:in
1066:emu
979:).
526:Yak
341:by
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