45:
878:
311:
At the meeting in
January 1915, a motion was passed which stated that national problems – including the issue of national borders – needed to be resolved in Italy and elsewhere "for the ideals of justice and liberty for which oppressed peoples must acquire the right to belong to those national
421:
quickly volunteered to join the army and left for the front lines, but
Mussolini himself waited until he was conscripted in September 1915; he remained in the army until he was wounded during a training exercise and discharged because of his injuries in June 1917.
312:
communities from which they descended". Mussolini asserted on this occasion that Italy should join the war "for the liberation of the unredeemed peoples of
Trentino and Istria", which implied territorial claims over regions inhabited by ethnic Italians. The
393:
took part in a joint neutralist-interventionist work stoppage for one day on 14 April. In writing about these events, Mussolini referred to his supporters for the first time as "fascists", although he put the word in inverted commas at this time.
335:(an armaments firm) and other companies, especially from the sugar and electrical industries. He received additional support from government-backed sources in France. Later, in 1917, Mussolini was allegedly also supported by the British
354:, in which he stated that Trieste "must be, and will be Italian through war against the Austrians and, if necessary, against the Slavs". In an article on 6 April 1915, Mussolini addressed the movement's irredentist stance towards
343:. However, regardless of the financial support he accepted for his pro-interventionist stance, Mussolini's socialist critics noted that Mussolini was free to write whatever he wished in his newspaper
320:– the desire to expand the borders of Italy to encompass all ethnic Italians – while also wishing to annex some strategically important territories without an Italian majority, such as
358:, arguing that Italy should not annex all of Dalmatia because claims that it had a majority of Italian speakers were "not a good enough reason to claim exclusive possession of
695:"Recruited by MI5: the name's Mussolini. Benito Mussolini – Documents reveal Italian dictator got start in politics in 1917 with help of £100 weekly wage from MI5"
389:
members, Italian state police killed one man, an electrician named
Innocente Marcora. Both interventionists and neutralists were outraged by the man's death. The
336:
251:
134:
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203:
1115:
980:
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249:. It was connected to the world of revolutionary interventionists and inspired by the programmatic manifesto of the
262:
in May 1915, and most of the movement's members joined the army. After the war, almost all of them met in 1919 in
986:
378:
268:
1075:
751:
17:
1237:
958:
953:
948:
292:
had begun in July 1914, but Italy remained neutral, and public opinion as well as the political majority in
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680:
142:
1206:
917:
852:
44:
902:
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160:
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362:
of
Dalmatia". However, he did support Italy annexing a vast section of Dalmatia including its entire
109:
339:, who are claimed to have paid him a £100 weekly wage; this help is said to have been authorised by
1262:
1185:
998:
826:
441:
398:
381:. Prezzolini was impressed by Mussolini, and in late 1914 began to write for Mussolini's newspaper
242:
63:
974:
410:
386:
332:
120:
1192:
992:
273:
1143:
414:
385:. During an interventionist demonstration on 11 April 1915 that was confronted by neutralist
1069:
731:
Fascismo rivoluzionario. Il fascismo di sinistra dal sansepolcrismo alla
Repubblica Sociale
431:
152:
114:
233:: 'Leagues of Revolutionary Action') was an Italian political movement founded in 1914 by
8:
1033:
837:
374:
263:
177:
164:
148:
1178:
1108:
1045:
208:
172:
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897:
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809:
543:
491:
466:
417:, and in May 1915 the king signed the declaration of war. Most of the members of the
238:
198:
59:
296:
supported continued neutrality and non-involvement in the war. In this context, the
1199:
1057:
767:
672:
652:
301:
288:
was founded on 11 December 1914 and held its first meeting on 24 January 1915. The
234:
55:
1171:
1063:
1051:
927:
814:
615:
289:
259:
1081:
1039:
907:
436:
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also received ideological influence from members other than
Mussolini, such as
1231:
1157:
1021:
892:
867:
820:
547:
156:
877:
539:
Il fascismo di sinistra : da piazza San
Sepolcro al congresso di Verona
350:
In March 1915, Mussolini declared the movement's irredentist stance towards
922:
660:
612:
Mussolini in the First World War: The
Journalist, The Soldier, The Fascist
363:
328:
321:
317:
246:
409:". However, the Italian government was already secretly negotiating the
1027:
406:
402:
327:
Due to
Mussolini's support of Italian intervention in the then-ongoing
537:
300:
was created as an umbrella organization for pro-war activists led by
736:
355:
258:
The movement achieved its primary goal when Italy declared war on
1213:
779:
351:
245:, it was a pro-war movement aiming to promote Italian entry into
226:
724:
Cesare Rossi. Da rivoluzionario a eminenza grigia del fascismo
804:
776:
535:
308:
because they wished for Italy to intervene in the war.
347:, without prior sanctioning by his financial backers.
1082:
Fabrizio Ciano, 3rd Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari
405:", charging him of being "foreign" and allegedly a "
563:
L'avanguardismo giovanile alle origini del fascismo
686:
490:. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 81–87.
465:. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 81–87.
1229:
648:
646:
644:
252:Fascio Rivoluzionario d'Azione Internazionalista
135:Fascio Rivoluzionario d'Azione Internazionalista
397:Also in April 1915, Mussolini accused Italy's
752:
641:
20:, a neo-fascist organization founded in 1946.
565:(in Italian). Bari: Laterza. pp. 19–20.
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745:
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377:, who had previously been a member of the
237:, and active mainly in 1915. Sponsored by
621:
692:
569:
1230:
740:
560:
485:
460:
331:, he received financial support from
1258:Defunct nationalist parties in Italy
1248:Organizations disestablished in 1919
766:
337:Directorate of Military Intelligence
230:
413:to join the war on the side of the
13:
1137:Mussolini: His Part in My Downfall
14:
1284:
1243:Organizations established in 1915
677:Modern Italy: A Political History
876:
693:Kington, Tom (13 October 2009).
536:Rimbotti, Luca Leonello (1989).
512:"Il sindacalismo rivoluzionario"
43:
1273:1919 disestablishments in Italy
987:Fasci Italiani di Combattimento
777:Head of the Government and Duce
716:
488:A History of Fascism, 1914–1945
463:A History of Fascism, 1914–1945
379:Italian Nationalist Association
269:Fasci Italiani di Combattimento
33:Leagues of Revolutionary Action
981:Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria
666:
554:
529:
504:
479:
454:
18:Fasci di Azione Rivoluzionaria
1:
632:The Birth of Fascist Ideology
447:
371:Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria
314:Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria
298:Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria
286:Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria
222:Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria
36:Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria
1268:1915 establishments in Italy
681:University of Michigan Press
542:. Edizioni Settimo sigillo.
316:committed itself to Italian
93:; 105 years ago
25:Political party in Italy
7:
1207:Mussolini: The Untold Story
733:, Passaggio Al Bosco, 2018.
726:, Il Mulino, Bologna, 1991.
425:
10:
1289:
903:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
638:. ISBN 0691044864. p. 303.
636:Princeton University Press
486:Payne, Stanley G. (1996).
461:Payne, Stanley G. (1996).
279:
266:for the foundation of the
229:of Revolutionary Action";
124:(interventionist factions)
15:
1097:
1088:Romano Floriani Mussolini
1008:
967:
941:
885:
874:
797:
774:
194:
183:
171:
141:
129:
105:
87:
69:
51:
42:
30:
1186:The Killers of Mussolini
999:Republican Fascist Party
908:Foundation of the Empire
729:Luca Leonello Rimbotti,
442:Futurist Political Party
399:King Victor Emmanuel III
255:, dated 5 October 1914.
243:Angelo Oliviero Olivetti
64:Angelo Oliviero Olivetti
16:Not to be confused with
975:Italian Socialist Party
630:Zeev Sternhell (1994).
401:of being a pro-German "
173:Political position
75:; 109 years ago
1193:Last Days of Mussolini
993:National Fascist Party
785:Assassination attempts
657:Mussolini: A Biography
610:O'Brien, Paul (2005).
274:National Fascist Party
1144:M: Son of the Century
1116:M. Son of the Century
959:1934 general election
954:1929 general election
949:1924 general election
845:Manifesto della razza
561:Nello, Paolo (1978).
272:, which preceded the
1238:National syndicalism
1070:Alessandra Mussolini
858:Model of masculinity
432:Left-interventionism
153:National syndicalism
1034:Margherita Sarfatti
918:Invasion of Albania
375:Giuseppe Prezzolini
264:Piazza San Sepolcro
165:Italian irredentism
149:Italian nationalism
1046:Vittorio Mussolini
928:Mussolini's escape
853:Fascist propaganda
683:. ISBN 0300043422.
663:. ISBN 0394716582.
618:. ISBN 1845200519.
383:Il Popolo d'Italia
345:Il Popolo d'Italia
304:, who were called
1225:
1224:
1130:Mussolini diaries
1076:Rachele Mussolini
1066:(daughter-in-law)
1016:Rachele Mussolini
968:Political parties
933:Italian Civil War
913:Spanish Civil War
898:Mussolini Cabinet
827:Economic policies
810:Fascist Manifesto
276:founded in 1921.
241:, Mussolini, and
239:Alceste De Ambris
217:
216:
204:Political parties
199:Politics of Italy
125:
118:
60:Alceste de Ambris
1280:
1253:Benito Mussolini
1200:Mussolini Speaks
1165:The Eternal City
1090:(great-grandson)
1058:Romano Mussolini
880:
863:Rome–Berlin Axis
768:Benito Mussolini
761:
754:
747:
738:
737:
710:
709:
707:
705:
690:
684:
673:Denis Mack Smith
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653:Denis Mack Smith
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411:Treaty of London
341:Sir Samuel Hoare
306:interventionists
302:Benito Mussolini
235:Benito Mussolini
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189:
167:
130:Preceded by
123:
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83:
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80:11 December 1914
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73:11 December 1914
56:Benito Mussolini
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27:
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1279:
1278:
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1263:Fascist parties
1228:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1172:Mussolini and I
1109:Dwight's Speech
1098:Popular culture
1093:
1078:(granddaughter)
1072:(granddaughter)
1064:Maria Scicolone
1052:Bruno Mussolini
1004:
963:
937:
881:
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832:Racist policies
815:Italian Fascism
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770:
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516:www.storico.org
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290:First World War
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260:Austria-Hungary
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161:Interventionism
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115:interventionist
106:Split from
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1040:Edda Mussolini
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838:Leggi razziali
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722:Mauro Canali,
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568:
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437:Sansepolcrismo
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893:March on Rome
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868:Pact of Steel
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821:Spazio vitale
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679:. Ann Arbor:
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1104:Television:
923:World War II
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787:
782:(1922–1943)
730:
723:
717:Bibliography
702:. Retrieved
699:The Guardian
698:
688:
676:
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661:Random House
659:. New York:
656:
631:
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562:
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531:
519:. Retrieved
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1001:(1943–1945)
995:(1921–1943)
989:(1919–1921)
983:(1914–1919)
977:(1901–1914)
521:30 December
364:archipelago
329:World War I
322:South Tyrol
318:irredentism
247:World War I
225:(English: "
1232:Categories
1084:(grandson)
1042:(daughter)
1028:Ida Dalser
780:of Fascism
704:14 October
448:References
407:neutralist
403:Philistine
294:parliament
178:Right-wing
942:Elections
675:(1997) .
548:654735931
209:Elections
117:factions)
88:Dissolved
1179:I'm Back
798:Politics
655:(1983).
426:See also
356:Dalmatia
143:Ideology
1214:Vincere
1153:Films:
1125:Books:
1036:(lover)
1024:(lover)
415:Entente
352:Trieste
333:Ansaldo
280:History
184:Colours
96: (
78: (
70:Founded
52:Leaders
1158:Benito
1030:(wife)
1018:(wife)
1009:Family
886:Events
788:·
546:
494:
469:
227:Fasces
188:
1060:(son)
1054:(son)
1048:(son)
791:Death
419:Fasci
391:Fasci
190:Black
805:Duce
706:2009
544:OCLC
523:2021
492:ISBN
467:ISBN
369:The
284:The
231:fig.
219:The
98:1919
91:1919
387:PSI
360:all
121:PSI
110:USI
1234::
697:.
643:^
634:.
623:^
614:.
571:^
514:.
366:.
324:.
760:e
753:t
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708:.
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525:.
500:.
475:.
113:(
100:)
82:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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