First Spanish Republic

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halls of Congress (without entering the floor). It was 6:55 in the morning, when the vote to elect the federalist candidate Eduardo Palance was proceeding, and Salmerón, upon receiving the captain general's order, suspended the vote and communicated the grave situation to the representatives. The representatives abandoned the building with all speed, amidst scenes of exaggerated hysterics; some even threw themselves out the windows. Pavía, surprised, asked: "But gentlemen, Why jump out the windows when you can leave through the door?"

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the deadly spontaneity of most speakers, drove the spectator crazy and rendered the historic functions impossible. Days and nights went by without the Cortes deciding how the ministers should be appointed: if they would individually elected by a vote of each representative, or if it would be better to authorize Figueras or Pi to come up with a list of the new government. Each and every system was agreed on and later scrapped. It was a puerile game, which would have caused laughter if it had not been deeply sad.

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During his mandate he once and for all subdued the cantonal insurrections, and that of Cartagena, and concentrated his forces on the Carlist War in the north of Spain. The general attempted without success to consolidate power to himself in dictatorship form, following the example of the regime of dukes and generals that prevailed in France upon the fall of

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Civil Guard, and many riflemen." In spite of the federalist opposition, the Cortes conceded to him extraordinary powers to govern, after which they closed the Cortes on 20 September. He confirmed the death sentences that provoked the resignation of his predecessor, reestablished order, and was at the point of surrendering to the cantonalists of Cartagena.

1881:, pronounced against the federalist government and called on all parties except Federalists and Carlists to form a national government. The monarchists and Republicans refused, leaving the unitary Radicals and Constitutionalists as the only group willing to govern; again a narrow political base. General 2899:

Francisco Serrano, Duke of Torre, 63 years old, former collaborator of Isabel II, had already twice freed the leadership of the state. He proclaimed the Unitary Republic, taking control of the presidency of the Executive Power, and dispensing with the Cortes in a conservative republican dictatorship.

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Pavía situated himself in front of the building with his staff and ordered two adjutants to impose upon Salmerón the dissolution of the Cortes session and the evacuation of the building in five minutes. The Civil Guard, which guarded the Congress, put into action the general's orders and occupied the

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So many have my upsets with power been that I can no longer covet it. While in the Government I have lost my calm, my illusions, my trust in fellow men which was the base of my character. For each grateful man, a hundred ungratefuls; for each disinterested and patriotic one, hundreds that wanted from

2253:

The sessions of the Constituent (Cortes) attracted me, and most afternoons I spent in the press box, enjoying the spectacle of indescribable confusion cast by the fathers of the country. An endless individualism, the coming and going of opinions, from the most thought-out to the most extravagant, and

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The president, having carried out the Cortes' regulations for the definite approval of proposal of law, arranged to hold a nominal vote the next day. The resolution was passed 8 June by a favorable vote of 219 representatives and only 2 against, and the Federal Republic was thus declared. Most of the

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was elected the first "President of the Executive Power", an office incorporating the heads of State and Government. No "President of the Republic" was ever elected, as the Constitution creating such office was never enacted. In his speech, Figueras said that the Republic "was like a rainbow of peace

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After Castelar's powerful speech, amidst passionate applause, the Republic was declared with a resignation of the monarchists, with 258 votes in favour and only 32 against: "The National Assembly assumes all powers and declares the Republic as the form of government of Spain, leaving its organization

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managed to expand the territory under their control to the greatest extent in early 1874, though a series of defeats by the republic's northern army in the second half of the year might have led to the end of the war had it not been for bad weather. However the other monarchists had taken the name of

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The committed regiments had already left at the captain general's orders when the Cortes recognized Castelar's defeat by 119 votes against 101. The former president of the Republic, and the president of the Cortes, Nicolás Salmerón, called for a new vote to elect a new chief of the Executive Power.

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His generals asked the "awareness" of the government and his signature to execute various death sentences on various deserting soldiers on the Carlist front; according to them, this was essential to reestablishing discipline on the army. Salmerón, man of very advanced liberal principles, declined to

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with his own ministers and was already minting currency, while the French connivance allowed him to receive external aid and fortify his defences. Between the Carlists and the cantonal revolution, the actual territory in which the short-lived Republic exerted undisputed authority did not extend much

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The procedure — there's no reason to hide it — was openly the reverse of the past: the result could be the same. The provinces had to be represented in the new Cortes, and if they had any concrete idea on the limits over the powers of the future states, they could take it to the Cortes and defend it

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on 10 February 1873. On the next day a republic was proclaimed by a parliamentary majority made up of radicals, republicans and democrats. The period was beset by tensions between federal republicans and unitarian republicans. The period also saw the end of compulsory conscription, the regulation of

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came out in favour of the restoration to the throne of the Bourbon monarchy in the personage of Don Alfonso de Borbón, son of Isabel II. The government of Sagasta did not oppose this announcement, permitting the restoration of the monarchy. The triumph of the Bourbon Restoration succeeded thanks to

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Article 40 of the draft stated: "In the political organization of the Spanish nation, all things individual are the pure domain of the individual; all things municipal are that of the municipality; all things regional are that of the state; and all things national, of the Federation." The following

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Even though the "bottom to top" procedure was more logical and proper of a Federation, the other, "top to bottom" was more likely for an already-formed nation like ours, and less dangerous in its implementation. There would be no cessation of continuity in power; the life of the nation would not be

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of the powers of the provinces would have also determined that of the state, the delimitation of the central power would determine that of the provinces. One way or another could have, without any doubt, produced the same constitution and it would not have been, in my opinion, neither patriotic nor

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is usually considered the heart of this government, which had to face several problems already endemic to the Republic, such as the Third Carlist War, separatist insurrections (this time from Catalonia), military indiscipline, monarchic plots, etc. His government dissolved the National Assembly and

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Motivated by the difficult situation through which the Republic was passing, with the aggravation of the Carlist War, Emilio Castelar commenced the reorganization of the army, announcing before the Cortes "to sustain this form of government, I need much infantry, much cavalry, much artillery, much

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The next day, 7 September, the man elected to occupy the presidency of the Executive Power was unitarian Emilio Castelar, professor of History and distinguished orator, by 133 votes in favor against the 67 obtained by Pi y Margall. During his previous time as Minister of State in the government of

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Composing the Spanish Nation the states of Andalucía Alta, Andalucía Baja, Aragón, Asturias, Baleares, Canarias, Castilla la Nueva, Castilla la Vieja, Cataluña, Cuba, Extremadura, Galicia, Murcia, Navarra, Puerto Rico, Valencia, Regiones Vascongadas. The states will be able to conserve the actual

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The writs were issued for Constituent Cortes elections on 10 May which resulted 343 seats for federal republicans and 31 for the rest of the political forces. The elections themselves developed in a quite unorthodox environment, and the resulting representation was ridiculous, as most factions in

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His nomination produced an intensification of the cantonal movement, which to control he had to resort to generals openly against the Federal Republic, sending military expeditions to Andalucía and Valencia under the respective command of generals Pavía and Martínez Campos. One after another the

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Legislative Power would be in the hands of the Federal Cortes, which would be composed of the Congress and the Senate. Congress was to be a house of proportional representation with one representative "for every 50,000 souls", renewing every two years. The Senate was to be a house of territorial

2638:, and those charged with handing and fulfilling the law would disregard it, raising or booming against legality. It was not about, as in other instances, replacing an existent Ministry or a form of Government in the accepted way; it was about dividing our homeland in a thousand parts, similar to 2588:

was a plain red flag, hence the captain-general's terminology). Gálvez's passionate speeches allowed him to gain control of the Navy ships docked in the city, which at that time were among the best in the Spanish Navy. Under his command, the fleet wreaked havoc on the nearby Mediterranean shore,

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La nación jumillana desea vivir en paz con todas las naciones vecinas y, sobre todo, con la nación murciana, su vecina; pero si la nación murciana, su vecina, se atreve a desconocer su autonomía y a traspasar sus fronteras, Jumilla se defenderá, como los héroes del Dos de Mayo, y triunfará en la

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Judicial Power would reside in the Federal Supreme Court, which would be composed "of three magistrates for each state of the federation" (Article 73) that would never be elected by the Executive Power or the Legislative Power. It also would establish that all courts would be profession and the

2074:

The passage of these resolutions surprised and stunned most Spaniards, as the recently elected Cortes (now National Assembly) had a wide majority of monarchists. Ruiz Zorrilla spoke in these terms: "I protest and will keep doing so, even if I'm left on my own, against those representatives that

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was called upon to write a federal constitution. The radicals preferred a unitary republic, with a much lesser role for the provinces, and once the republic had been declared the two parties turned against each other. Initially, the radicals were largely driven from power, joining those who had

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Due to the rapid pace of the events, and without time for the new Constitution to be passed by the Cortes, Pi i Margall found himself between a rock and the proverbial hard place of the cantonal revolution. However, the effective Commander in Chief of the Republic rejected all calls, from both

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There is, however, no record of such a manifesto, nor of any similar declaration, in the municipal archives; and the proceedings of the time seemed to be within normality. This has motivated several historians to deny the authenticity of the manifesto and even the very existence of the Jumilla

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On 1 June 1873 the first session of the Constituent Cortes was opened and the presentation of resolutions began. The first one was debated on the seventh of June, written by seven representatives: "First Article. The form of government of the Spanish Nation is the Democratic Federal Republic".

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Pavía, who was a unitarian republican, offered to allow Emilio Castelar to continue in the presidency, but he refused, not wanting to maintain power through undemocratic means. These acts signified the unofficial end of the First Republic, although it officially continued for almost a year.

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and the demise of its scientific prowess [...] The uprising came against the most federalist of all possible governments, and at the very moment the Assembly was preparing a draft Constitution, the worst defects of which came from the lack of time in the Committee and the surplus of

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for Madrid, he ordered Brigadier Carmona and a battalion of infantry and various artillery and cavalry units, to march on the militiamen. The coup d'état failed as soon as it started, and the government dissolved the military units participating and the Permanent Committee of the Assembly.

2845:. Two very different forces threatened to interrupt the deliberations of the Cortes: the federalists, eager to finish Castelar with mighty wrath, and the troops of General Pavía, supporter of Castelar, who had decided to show up in his support to avoid his defeat before the federalists. 390: 389: 391: 2094:

The first government of the Republic was formed of federalists and progressives who had been ministers during the monarchy. Four ministers, in particular, had served with King Amadeo: Echegaray (Finance), Becerra (War), Fernández de Córdoba (Navy) and Berenguer (Infrastructure).

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that, while presiding over a Cabinet session, Estanislao Figueras yelled: "Gentlemen, I can't stand this any more. I am going to be frank with you: I'm fed up with all of us!" So fed up that on 10 June he left his resignation letter in his office, went for a walk through the

2416:, with debate starting the following day. On 28 June Pi i Margall renewed the composition of his government, but due to the slow pace of the constitutional debates in the Cortes, events came crashing down on the government at a stunning pace. On 30 June the City Council of 2766:

article declared that "All powers are elective, revocable, and accountable", and Article 42 that "Sovereignty resides in all citizens, which they exercise by their own representation by the political organizations of the Republic, constituted through universal suffrage."

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Without doubt, the chaos incited by the cantonal revolt and the worsening of the Carlist War led them to reopen the Cortes on 2 January 1874, in order to bring to a vote the management and ask for unlimited powers with which to save the Republic from complete discredit.

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military and political instances, to exert repression on the cantonal uprisings, as he argued they were just following his very own doctrine. Thus, he was forced to resign on 18 July after just 37 days in office. He would later sorely describe his experience as premier:

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The Jumillan nation wishes to live in peace with all nearby nations, and particularly with the nation of Murcia, her neighbor; but should the nation of Murcia dare not to recognize its autonomy and violate its borders, Jumilla will fight back like the heroes of

2884:). The end of the cantonal experience was marked by Gálvez with his exile, but the Bourbon Restoration permitted him through amnesty to return to his native Torreagüera. In this period he would strike up a strange and warm friendship with Don 2840:

In effect, the Cortes session opened on 2 January 1874, but the federalists rose up against Don Emilio Castelar, who was supported by the captain general of Madrid, Don Manuel Pavía, former supporter of Prim, with whom he had rebelled in

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In his speech for the proposal (to which he was a signatory, along with Figueras, Salmerón, and other opponents), Pi y Margall—himself a federalist—renounced for the moment to establish a federal republic, hoping the would-be-assembled

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passed a motion declaring the town a Social Republic, and the next day many federalist deputies left the Cortes in protest. About a week later, on 9 July, Alcoy followed suit, when during a strike directed by local leaders of the

2149:, in order to establish a unitary republic. This prompted the first remodeling of the government in which the progressives were ousted and replaced with federalists. Twelve days after the establishment of the Republic, compulsory 1990:, declared themselves the National Assembly while waiting for any final notice from the King. The overwhelming majority was with the monarchists from the two dynastic parties that had exercised the government until then: the 2807:

Already during his stints as Minister of Mercy and Justice in the government of Estanislao Figueras, he brought about the abolition of the death penalty, even the independence of judicial power in the face of the political.

223:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge. 2895:

for his implication in the attempted coup of 23 April, in charge of the formation of a coalition government that grouped together monarchists, conservatives, and unitarian republicans, but excluded federalist republicans.

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These states would have "complete economic-administrative autonomy and political autonomy compatible with the existence of the nation" such as "the ability to give it a political constitution" (articles 92 and 93).

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There were days in that summer in which we thought our Spain was completely disbanded. The idea of legality was lost to a point any employee of [the Ministry of] War would assume full powers and notify the

2580:, which motivated a strange telegram sent by the city's captain-general to the Minister of the Navy: "Saint Julian castle shows Turkish flag". Such "Turkish flag" was in fact the cantonal flag, the first 2224:. The result was clearly favourable to the federal republicans, which captured 343 of the 371 seats, but turnout was probably the lowest in Spanish history, with about 28% in Catalonia and 25% in Madrid. 1787:

The first republican attempt in the history of Spain was a short experience, characterized by profound political and social instability and violence. The Republic was governed by four distinct presidents—

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for 1 May. On 23 April Cristino Martos, Speaker of the old National Assembly, attempted a new coup, now supported by the Civil Governor of Madrid: a battalion of militiamen took positions along the

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Until 1931, the Spanish republicans celebrated the 11 February anniversary of the First Republic. Thereafter, the commemoration was moved to 14 April, the anniversary of the proclamation of the

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was elected on 11 June, but on his speech to the Assembly he declared he was at a complete loss and without a program. The main efforts of the new government focused on the drafting of the new

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suspended for a single moment; there would be no fear of deep conflicts arising between the provinces; it would be the easiest, fastest, safest way and the less exposed to contrariety... "

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The Cantonal Revolution spread through southern and central Spain, but the traditionalist pro-Carlist northern regions of Catalonia, Aragon and the Basque Country were involved in the

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Relational Power would be exercised by the president of the Federal Republic whose mandate would last "four years, not being immediately reeligible", as says Article 81 of the draft.

3566: 1838:. The gravest problems for the consolidation of the regime were the lack of true republicans, their division between federalists and unitarians, and the lack of popular support. 3324: 2337:

colonel, José de la Iglesia, showed up at Congress and declared that nobody would leave until a new president was elected. Figueras' fellow federalist and government minister

2014:

moved the following proposal: "The National Assembly assumes powers and declares the Republic as the form of government, leaving its organization to the Constituent Cortes."

3571: 2612:) for fund-raising. As the city would not pay, it was bombarded and taken by the cantonalists. General Contreras, commanding officer of the cantonal fleet, ordered the 1172: 2075:

having come to the Cortes as constitutional monarchists feel themselves authorized to make the decision to turn the nation from monarchist to republican overnight."

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concede the "awareness" and, as is written on the wall of his mausoleum, "abandoned power to not sign a death sentence." In this way, he resigned on 6 September.

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entered into Cartagena on 12 January, replacing Martínez Campos, while Antonete Gálvez, with more than a thousand men, struggled to elude him near the border of

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abdicated from the Spanish throne on 11 February 1873. His decision was mainly due to the constant difficulties he had to face during his short tenure, as the

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monarchists, members of the old Liberal Union and monarchic sectors of the Army; but failed when several units refrained from supporting it at the last hour.

2106:, 153M in debts requiring immediate payment and only 32M available to fulfill them. The Artillery Corps had been dissolved in the most virulent moment of the 2829:, although not in Cuba because of the continuing war situation. This act by the First Spanish Republic is commemorated in Puerto Rico up to the present day. 1378: 2996:

People who obtained free use of a land for a percentage of the profits. It was used by many landowners as an alternative to direct exploitation or rental.

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swept across Spain with the federalist sentiment giving rise to several independent cantons. Uprisings were daily news in the south-eastern area of

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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.

2549:, and shall be victorious in her demands, ready to arrive at Murcia, in its most just retribution, itself and leave no stone standing upon another. 2888:, most responsible for the Restoration, who considered Gálvez a sincere, honorable, and valiant man, although one of exaggerated political ideas. 2110:

and Cuban wars, for which there were not enough soldiers or armament, nor money to feed or purchase them. Besides, Spain was going through a deep

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took charge of the government on 3 September. On 10 December the siege of Pamplona began, but it was interrupted by the Proclamation of Sagunto.

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on 29 December 1874 and the rest of the army refused to act against him. The government collapsed, leading to the end of the republic and the

3805: 2425:, the police fired to the gathered workers who responded by taking up arms and gaining control of the city. These events became known as the 2006:. There also was a small republican minority in the National Assembly, ideologically divided between federalism and centralism. One of them, 1878: 2826: 3966: 3724: 2804:

characterized the professorial tone of Don Nicolás, saying that "it always seemed that he was addressing the metaphysicists of Albacete."

1885:

formed a new government and was appointed President of the Republic although it was a mere formality since the Cortes had been dissolved.

1854:, the lack of any broad political legitimacy, and personal in-fighting among the republican leadership all further weakened the republic. 2386:

had already taken some steps on the issue, the colonies remained opposed to the move from mainland Spain. Also, plans were made to limit

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contacts between the government and the Catalan leaders. On 23 April a new coup attempt was set in motion; this time by a collusion of

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The draft of the Federal Constitution of the First Republic of Spain developed at length into 117 articles organized under 17 titles.

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Executive Power would be exercised by the Ministry of Advisors, whose president would be elected by the president of the republic.

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made the Republic the only, though transitory, viable course of action, particularly given the inevitable failure that awaited it.

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Meanwhile, after Emilio Castelar's refusal to continue as president, he put General Serrano, recently returned from his exile in

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to the Constituent Cortes. An Executive Power shall be elected directly by the Cortes, and it shall be responsible to the same."

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demanda, resuelta completamente a llegar, en sus justísimos desquites, hasta Murcia, y a no dejar en Murcia piedra sobre piedra.

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corps was also established with an enlistment salary of 50 pesetas and a daily salary of 2 pesetas and 1 crust of bread.

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of society, nature and history. Sirs, let us greet it like the sun rising with its own strength on the sky of our nation.

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further than the province of Madrid itself and North-Western Spain, as cantonal uprisings took place as far north as

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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.

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The constitutional draft anticipated in Title IV—in addition to the classic Legislative Power, Executive Power and

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to decide over the issue, and announced his acceptance of any other democratic decision. Then another republican,

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child labor and the abolition of slavery in Puerto Rico. The government inherited a state of war, the so-called

1666: 98: 2561:, its autonomy declared on 12 July at the city naval base under the inspiration of the federalist congressman 2054:; nobody has done away with it, it has died on its own; nobody brings the Republic, save all circumstances, a 1939: 3633: 3451: 3225: 2912: 2272: 1410: 1165: 1043: 2594: 4016: 3556: 3520: 3346: 2409: 2383: 2153:

was removed and voluntary service set up with a daily salary of 1 peseta and one crust (loaf?) of bread. A

2146: 1999: 1983: 1585: 1098: 1082: 938: 321: 3083: 3623: 3147: 1964: 1764: 1612: 1224: 645: 256: 55: 2569:. The Canton of Cartagena would live six months of constant wars, and even minted its own currency, the 793: 3483: 3180: 3110: 1559: 1533: 987: 2932: 1912: 1750: 980: 3971: 3877: 3657: 3583: 3329: 3273: 3268: 2625: 2593:

and set a bounty on his head. Back on land, he led an expedition towards Madrid that was defeated at

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had risen steeply amongst field and industrial workers, and proletarian organizations responded with

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or conservative groups and a slow transition toward a federal republic. His oratory was crushing:

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The January 1874 coup of Pavía ousted the government, giving way to a praetorian republic under

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separate cantons were subdued, except that of Cartagena, which resisted until 12 January 1874.

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Spain did not participate: the Carlists were still waging war against the Republic, while the

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political, to ensnare the proclamation of the Republic due to intransigence over this point.

2303: 1796: 1792: 1722:), was the political regime that existed in Spain from 11 February 1873 to 29 December 1874. 1600: 1590: 1520: 1312: 513: 501: 341: 263: 2792:

federalist republican, defended the necessity of arriving at an understanding with the more

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was elected president of the Executive Power, with 119 votes in favor and 93 votes against.

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under the pretext of passing review. Having heard from the plot, Pi i Margall mobilized the

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Senyors, ja no aguanto més. Vaig a ser-los franc: estic fins als collons de tots nosaltres!

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without opposition, and sent raid parties throughout the Peninsula. The Carlist pretender,

2621: 2620:, but on the trip back to Cartagena they were captured as pirates by the armoured frigates 2546: 2461: 2426: 2372: 2083: 2079: 2043: 1995: 1972: 1968: 1901: 1897: 1823: 1296: 1051: 899: 761: 593: 2468:, but most comprised just a city and its surroundings, like the more localised cantons of 2066:

In the same session, the first government of the Republic was elected. Federal republican

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politics nothing more than the satisfaction of their whims. I have received bad for good.

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representation, four senators being elected by the Cortes of each one of the states.

2755:—a fourth Relational Power that would be exercised by the president of the Republic. 2689: 2643: 2437: 2107: 2051: 2031: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1831: 1815: 1735: 1731: 1726: 1426: 1265: 1180: 614: 460: 452: 238: 2554:

canton, stating that its invention was merely a form of anti-republican propaganda.

2216:, the unitary republicans and even the incipient workers' organization close to the 3931: 3924: 3769: 3628: 3534: 3456: 3366: 3334: 3248: 3138: 3130: 2911:

In just a few months, on 13 May, Serrano ceded the presidency of the government to

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At the beginning, they were plagued by a terrible economic situation, with a 546M

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inside the Spanish Federal Republic on 9 March which was overcome by a series of

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to personally take control of the operations against the Carlists in the north.

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The second Figueras government had to face the attempt of proclamation of the

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On 16 June a 25-member Committee was set up by the Cortes to study the draft

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occupied the Ministry of Governance and the National Militia surrounded the

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Toward the New Spain: the Spanish Revolution of 1868 and the First Republic

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On 23 February the newly elected Speaker of the National Assembly, radical

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and which was exacerbated by the political instability. In previous years,

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At the same time as the political convulsions were taking place, General

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model, with regions directly forming independent cantons. Spanish writer

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to be played as he unboarded. Afterwards, the deed would be repeated in

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Separation of Church and State, which had been deeply intertwined under

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and, without telling anyone, boarded the first train departing from the

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provinces and modify them, according to their territorial necessities.

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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is

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of the Spanish Republic, published in a satirical and liberal magazine

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La daga y la dinamita. Los anarquistas y el nacimiento del terrorismo

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The first deed of the Cartagenan cantonalists was the capture of the

2529: 2517: 2501: 2457: 2400:, creation of mixed workers-managers juries and establishment of the 1857: 1847: 444: 2825:

Estanislao Figueras, Castelar promoted and achieved the approval of

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said that in his speeches, Salmerón only used one weapon—artillery.

2505: 1982:, which were assembled in a joint and permanent session of both the 76: 3165: 2892: 2870: 2617: 2449: 1862: 866: 851: 670: 463: 2977:

Señores, ya no aguanto más. Voy a serles franco: ¡estoy hasta los

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led a coup d'état and established a unified republic dominated by

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the abolition of slavery in the overseas territory of Puerto Rico

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The most active – and known – of the cantons was the

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Establishment of a system ensuring free and compulsory education.

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For most monarchists, though, the impossibility of restoring

2055: 362: 1850:, failed anti-federalist coups, calls for revolution by the 1814:

The period was marked by three simultaneous civil wars: the

1780:

already been driven out by the revolution of 1868 or by the

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The Republic effectively ended on 3 January 1874, when the

1803:; then, only eleven months after its proclamation, General 2608:, set sail towards a "foreign power" (the Spanish city of 2770:

judicial institution for all classes of representatives.

2130:, protest rallies and the occupation of abandoned lands. 2940:, which without a doubt was contrary to military rule. 1725:

The Republic's founding ensued after the abdication of

2776: 2819: 2730: 2650:, as if the ways of modern Law were spells from the 2360:

Reestablishment of the regular Army, with mandatory

2195:. For his part, after the Minister of War appointed 216: 212:

a machine-translated version of the Spanish article.

1911:This period of the Republic lasted until Brigadier 101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2781:After accepting the resignation of Pi i Margall, 2528:(in Murcia). The latter is said to have issued a 2520:. Even smaller were the village-based cantons of 2412:, the redaction of which is mainly attributed to 2282: 1690:Engraving of the proclamation of the republic by 3958: 2589:causing the Madrid government to declare him a 2460:. Some cantons were provincial in nature, like 1934: 2738:In the first article, the following is found: 2628:, under the UK and German flags respectively. 241:accompanying your translation by providing an 203:Click for important translation instructions. 190:expand this article with text translated from 3992:States and territories disestablished in 1874 3111: 2692:, in which the rebels controlled most of the 2410:Constitution of the Federal Republic of Spain 2264: 1667: 302: 3040:(in Spanish). Barcelona: Tusquets Editores. 3032: 3016: 2071:and harmony of all Spaniards of good will." 253:{{Translated|es|Primera República española}} 2275:. He would only step down upon arriving in 354: 64:Learn how and when to remove these messages 3987:States and territories established in 1873 3118: 3104: 2922: 2670:was afraid of the closing of its glorious 1710:), historiographically referred to as the 1674: 1660: 400: 2345:and some social character-related bills: 283:Learn how and when to remove this message 161:Learn how and when to remove this message 2431: 1938: 1856: 1685: 756: 2860: 2654:. Others wanted to form an independent 2382:throughout the nation. Though the 1812 2227: 14: 3959: 2983:» In the allegedly original Catalan: « 2321:After Figueras' flight to France, the 2237:federalists in parliament supported a 2089: 2082:as Queen, and the youth of the future 1852:International Workingmen's Association 1403:Revolution and Asturian miners' strike 3389:Natural Sites of Community Importance 3099: 2291:The federal republic for Pi y Margall 2258:The situation reached such levels of 1943:Shield of the First Spanish Republic 172: 99:adding citations to reliable sources 70: 29: 3967:Former countries in Spanish history 3868:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage 2708:, had formed a rival government in 2008:Federal Democratic Republican Party 1738:, ongoing since 1868, to which the 1552:Catalan declaration of independence 24: 3125: 3055: 2777:The government of Nicolás Salmerón 2662:was preparing to wage war against 2353:lands among lessees, settlers and 1927:monarchy with the proclamation of 25: 4028: 3077: 2820:The government of Emilio Castelar 2731:Drafting the Federal Constitution 1963:monarchists, which hoped for the 45:This article has multiple issues. 1763:to the Republic and brought the 1759:in Sagunto, which delivered the 1639: 1625: 792: 739: 702: 384: 334: 320: 177: 75: 34: 4002:1874 disestablishments in Spain 3432:Autonomous communities of Spain 2658:under an English protectorate. 2371:and only slightly separated by 1842:in the army, a series of local 1345:Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera 86:needs additional citations for 53:or discuss these issues on the 27:1873–1874 republican government 3843:National and regional identity 3026: 3010: 2990: 2969: 2688:An even worse problem was the 2675:impatience in the Government. 2283:The government of Pi i Margall 1900:, the son of the former Queen 1861:Seal of the federal canton of 1734:, ongoing since 1872, and the 251:You may also add the template 13: 1: 3003: 2913:Juan de Zavala y de la Puente 2788:The new president, who was a 2396:Legalization of the right of 2325:created was tempting general 1044:War of the Spanish Succession 3997:1873 establishments in Spain 2938:Antonio Cánovas del Castillo 2904:and after the defeat of the 2886:Antonio Cánovas del Castillo 2214:Antonio Cánovas del Castillo 1935:Proclamation of the Republic 1749:. In December 1874, General 1004:Colonisation of the Americas 7: 3863:UNESCO World Heritage Sites 2950: 2600:Two cantonal frigates, the 2050:with the abdication of don 2026:, took the floor and said: 1770: 10: 4033: 2294: 1915:pronounced for Alfonso in 1720:Primera República española 1542:2008–2014 financial crisis 215:Machine translation, like 3918: 3876: 3768: 3665: 3656: 3542: 3533: 3427: 3418: 3305: 3296: 3241: 3146: 3137: 3061:Brandt, Joseph A. (1977) 2265: 1474:Spain during World War II 1305:Regency of María Cristina 1173:Regency of María Cristina 681: 669: 659: 655: 642: 627: 611: 607: 599: 589: 585: 573: 561: 557: 547: 543: 531: 519: 507: 495: 483: 479: 469: 451: 438: 428: 418: 408: 399: 371: 350: 316: 311: 297: 192:the corresponding article 3521:Wars and armed conflicts 3161:Ancient History Timeline 2962: 2584:in Spanish history (the 1992:Radical Democratic Party 1904:, and were organised by 1846:risings, instability in 1529:1981 coup d'état attempt 1329:Spain during World War I 908:Kingdom of the Visigoths 110:"First Spanish Republic" 3977:Modern history of Spain 3221:Transition to democracy 3196:Reaction and revolution 2957:Second Spanish Republic 2933:Arsenio Martínez Campos 2927:On 29 December 1874 in 2923:The end of the Republic 2316:—Francisco Pi y Margall 1913:Arsenio Martínez Campos 1751:Arsenio Martínez Campos 1513:Transition to democracy 262:For more guidance, see 4007:First Spanish Republic 3982:Republicanism in Spain 3811:International Interest 3619:Science and technology 3315:Autonomous communities 2917:Práxedes Mateo Sagasta 2745: 2728: 2677: 2551: 2541: 2441: 2339:Francisco Pi y Margall 2313: 2267:Parque del Buen Retiro 2256: 2176:Francisco Pi y Margall 2060: 2040:parliamentary monarchy 2012:Francisco Pi y Margall 2004:Práxedes Mateo Sagasta 1959:, the opposition from 1955:, the outbreak of the 1944: 1866: 1719: 1712:First Spanish Republic 1707: 1695: 1547:2017 Barcelona attacks 1379:Provisional Government 1250:Provisional Government 1123:Absolutist restoration 1075:Abdications of Bayonne 765: 355: 303: 3848:National Day of Spain 2936:the previous work of 2843:Villarejo de Salvanés 2740: 2723: 2631: 2542: 2534: 2435: 2287: 2251: 2155:Republican volunteers 2028: 1942: 1860: 1793:Francesc Pi i Margall 1689: 1534:Madrid train bombings 1411:1936 general election 1313:Reign of Alfonso XIII 1099:Constitution of Cádiz 760: 502:Francesc Pi i Margall 419:Common languages 264:Knowledge:Translation 235:copyright attribution 18:Federal republicanism 3452:Constitutional Court 2861:The unitary republic 2586:Ottoman Civil Ensign 2427:Petroleum Revolution 2228:The Federal Republic 2147:Congress of Deputies 2032:traditional monarchy 2000:Constitutional Party 1996:Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla 1984:Congress of Deputies 1906:Cánovas del Castillo 1824:Petroleum Revolution 1692:Josep Lluís Pellicer 1560:Coronavirus pandemic 1521:Current constitution 1506:Contemporary history 1321:Spanish–American War 1297:Reign of Alfonso XII 1189:Regency of Espartero 1166:Reign of Isabella II 1052:Nueva Planta Decrees 900:Kingdom of the Suebi 594:Congress of Deputies 95:improve this article 4017:Federalism in Spain 3395:Plazas de soberanía 2876:and set course for 2578:Saint Julian castle 2563:Antonio Gálvez Arce 2559:Canton of Cartagena 2444:Shortly after, the 2423:First International 2247:Benito Pérez Galdós 2218:First International 2189:Independence Square 2137:, plotted a failed 2090:Figueras government 2068:Estanislao Figueras 2048:democratic monarchy 2042:with the flight of 1965:Bourbon Restoration 1820:Cantonal Revolution 1789:Estanislao Figueras 1765:Bourbon Restoration 1435:Nationalist victory 1356:of Dámaso Berenguer 1242:Sexenio Democrático 1225:Glorious Revolution 1131:Sexenio Absolutista 981:Early modern period 880:Diocese of Hispania 632:Cantonal Revolution 490:Estanislao Figueras 3624:Telecommunications 3325:Biosphere Reserves 3226:Contemporary Spain 3216:Spain under Franco 3156:Prehistoric Iberia 3034:Avilés Farré, Juan 2981:de todos nosotros! 2626:SMS Friedrich Karl 2524:(in Albacete) and 2446:Cantonal Rebellion 2442: 2384:Cádiz Constitution 2297:Cantonal rebellion 2181:Constituent Cortes 2020:Constituent Cortes 1945: 1867: 1742:added up in 1873. 1740:Cantonal rebellion 1708:República española 1696: 1646:History portal 1216:Bienio progresista 1207:Second Carlist War 1107:Treaty of Valençay 965:Christian kingdoms 836:Carthaginian Spain 811:Prehistoric Iberia 766: 304:República Española 243:interlanguage link 3954: 3953: 3914: 3913: 3838:Myths and legends 3806:National Interest 3652: 3651: 3604:Largest companies 3529: 3528: 3516:Political parties 3484:Foreign relations 3414: 3413: 3362:Iberian Peninsula 3310:Autonomous cities 3292: 3291: 3087:Primera República 3047:978-84-8383-753-5 3017:Avilés Farré 2013 2798:Francisco Silvela 2690:Third Carlist War 2644:Cordoba Caliphate 2438:Third Carlist War 2349:Apportionment of 1967:in the person of 1957:Third Carlist War 1896:as supporters of 1883:Francisco Serrano 1816:Third Carlist War 1809:Francisco Serrano 1732:Third Carlist War 1684: 1683: 1601:Religious history 1290:Restoration Spain 1266:Third Carlist War 1258:Reign of Amadeo I 1181:First Carlist War 988:Catholic Monarchs 893:Early Middle Ages 831:Pre-Roman peoples 755: 754: 751: 750: 747: 746: 721: 720: 646:Monarchy restored 538:Francisco Serrano 521:• 1873–1874 461:semi-presidential 392: 293: 292: 285: 275: 274: 204: 200: 171: 170: 163: 145: 68: 16:(Redirected from 4024: 3972:Former republics 3934: 3927: 3663: 3662: 3594:Financial crisis 3584:Economic history 3540: 3539: 3457:Cortes Generales 3425: 3424: 3367:Peninsular Spain 3303: 3302: 3254:Pre-Roman Iberia 3249:General overview 3144: 3143: 3120: 3113: 3106: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3084:Historiaantiqua. 3072:Spain: a History 3051: 3020: 3014: 2997: 2994: 2988: 2973: 2783:Nicolás Salmerón 2684: 2329:into starting a 2317: 2270: 2269: 2197:Baltasar Hidalgo 2151:military service 1797:Nicolás Salmerón 1775:The Constituent 1700:Spanish Republic 1676: 1669: 1662: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1632:Spain portal 1630: 1629: 1628: 1596:Military history 1581:Economic history 1564: 1556: 1538: 1525: 1517: 1494: 1486: 1478: 1470: 1466:Republican exile 1462: 1439: 1431: 1423: 1419:1936 coup d'état 1415: 1407: 1399: 1391: 1383: 1360: 1349: 1341: 1333: 1325: 1317: 1309: 1301: 1278: 1270: 1262: 1254: 1229: 1221: 1211: 1203: 1193: 1185: 1177: 1154: 1146: 1136: 1111: 1103: 1095: 1087: 1083:Napoleonic Spain 1079: 1056: 1048: 1040: 1032: 1024: 1016: 1008: 1000: 992: 969: 961: 951: 943: 920: 916:Byzantine Spania 912: 904: 871: 870:(218 BCE–472 CE) 863: 840: 796: 786: 768: 767: 743: 742: 735: 725: 724: 716: 706: 705: 699: 698: 683: 682: 651:29 December 1874 634: 623:11 February 1873 580:P. Mateo Sagasta 514:Nicolás Salmerón 404: 394: 393: 360: 338: 324: 306: 299:Spanish Republic 295: 294: 288: 281: 254: 248: 221:Google Translate 202: 198: 181: 180: 173: 166: 159: 155: 152: 146: 144: 103: 79: 71: 60: 38: 37: 30: 21: 4032: 4031: 4027: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4022: 4021: 4012:Democratization 3957: 3956: 3955: 3950: 3937: 3930: 3923: 3910: 3905:Toro de Osborne 3872: 3853:Public holidays 3764: 3725:Life expectancy 3648: 3614:Property bubble 3525: 3410: 3288: 3284:Spanish miracle 3237: 3211:Second Republic 3133: 3124: 3090: 3080: 3058: 3056:Further reading 3048: 3029: 3024: 3023: 3015: 3011: 3006: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2953: 2945:Second Republic 2925: 2867:López Domínguez 2863: 2822: 2779: 2733: 2686: 2682:Emilio Castelar 2679: 2648:Crown of Aragon 2414:Emilio Castelar 2331:pronunciamiento 2319: 2315: 2299: 2285: 2230: 2220:all called for 2212:monarchists of 2201:Captain General 2185:Paseo del Prado 2135:Cristino Marcos 2112:economic crisis 2092: 2052:Amadeo of Savoy 2024:Emilio Castelar 1937: 1871:Captain General 1801:Emilio Castelar 1773: 1756:pronunciamiento 1747:General Serrano 1680: 1651: 1640: 1638: 1626: 1624: 1606: 1605: 1586:Law enforcement 1576: 1568: 1567: 1562: 1554: 1536: 1523: 1515: 1508: 1498: 1497: 1492: 1490:Basque conflict 1484: 1476: 1468: 1460: 1453: 1451:Francoist Spain 1443: 1442: 1437: 1429: 1421: 1413: 1405: 1397: 1395:Second Biennium 1389: 1381: 1374: 1372:Second Republic 1364: 1363: 1358: 1347: 1339: 1331: 1323: 1315: 1307: 1299: 1292: 1282: 1281: 1276: 1268: 1260: 1252: 1245: 1233: 1232: 1227: 1219: 1209: 1201: 1198:Década moderada 1191: 1183: 1175: 1168: 1158: 1157: 1152: 1144: 1141:Trienio Liberal 1134: 1125: 1115: 1114: 1109: 1101: 1093: 1091:Cortes of Cádiz 1085: 1077: 1070: 1060: 1059: 1054: 1046: 1038: 1030: 1022: 1014: 1006: 998: 990: 983: 973: 972: 967: 959: 949: 941: 939:Muslim conquest 934: 924: 923: 918: 910: 902: 895: 885: 884: 869: 861: 854: 844: 843: 838: 826: 816: 815: 806: 784: 777: 740: 733: 731: 729: 714: 712: 710: 703: 648: 635: 630: 620: 576: 564: 534: 526:Emilio Castelar 522: 510: 498: 486: 395: 385: 381:Anthem of Riego 379: 366: 346: 345: 344: 339: 331: 330: 325: 307: 300: 289: 278: 277: 276: 271: 270: 269: 252: 246: 205: 182: 178: 167: 156: 150: 147: 104: 102: 92: 80: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4030: 4020: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3948: 3943: 3936: 3935: 3928: 3920: 3919: 3916: 3915: 3912: 3911: 3909: 3908: 3901: 3896: 3895:Cultural icons 3893: 3888: 3882: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3774: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3654: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3580: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3527: 3526: 3524: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3502: 3501: 3496: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3475: 3474: 3472:Prime Minister 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3391: 3386: 3384:National parks 3381: 3379:Municipalities 3376: 3371: 3370: 3369: 3359: 3354: 3352:Extreme points 3349: 3344: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3259:Spanish Empire 3256: 3251: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3235: 3234: 3233: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3201:First Republic 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3171:Medieval Spain 3168: 3166:Roman Hispania 3163: 3158: 3152: 3150: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3123: 3122: 3115: 3108: 3100: 3094: 3093: 3079: 3078:External links 3076: 3075: 3074: 3065: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3052: 3046: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3008: 3007: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2989: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2960: 2959: 2952: 2949: 2924: 2921: 2862: 2859: 2821: 2818: 2778: 2775: 2753:Judicial Power 2732: 2729: 2694:Basque Country 2640:the successors 2630: 2406: 2405: 2394: 2391: 2376: 2365: 2358: 2302:there. As the 2286: 2284: 2281: 2273:Atocha Station 2229: 2226: 2128:demonstrations 2091: 2088: 1980:Spanish Cortes 1953:Ten Years' War 1936: 1933: 1889:Carlist forces 1832:Ten Years' War 1772: 1769: 1736:Ten Years' War 1682: 1681: 1679: 1678: 1671: 1664: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1650: 1649: 1635: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1563:(2020–present) 1557: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1531: 1526: 1518: 1509: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1487: 1479: 1471: 1463: 1458:Spanish Maquis 1454: 1449: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1441: 1440: 1432: 1424: 1416: 1408: 1400: 1392: 1387:First Biennium 1384: 1375: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1350: 1342: 1334: 1326: 1318: 1310: 1302: 1293: 1288: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1274:First Republic 1271: 1263: 1255: 1246: 1239: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1222: 1212: 1204: 1194: 1186: 1178: 1169: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1150:Ominous Decade 1147: 1137: 1126: 1121: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1104: 1096: 1088: 1080: 1071: 1068:Peninsular War 1066: 1065: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1049: 1041: 1033: 1025: 1017: 1009: 1001: 993: 984: 979: 978: 975: 974: 971: 970: 962: 952: 944: 935: 930: 929: 926: 925: 922: 921: 913: 905: 896: 891: 890: 887: 886: 883: 882: 877: 872: 864: 859:Roman Conquest 855: 852:Roman Hispania 850: 849: 846: 845: 842: 841: 833: 827: 822: 821: 818: 817: 814: 813: 807: 802: 801: 798: 797: 789: 788: 779: 778: 771: 753: 752: 749: 748: 745: 744: 737: 722: 719: 718: 707: 695: 694: 689: 679: 678: 673: 667: 666: 664:Spanish peseta 661: 657: 656: 653: 652: 649: 643: 640: 639: 636: 628: 625: 624: 621: 612: 609: 608: 605: 604: 601: 597: 596: 591: 587: 586: 583: 582: 577: 574: 571: 570: 568:Juan de Zavala 565: 562: 559: 558: 555: 554: 551: 549:Prime Minister 545: 544: 541: 540: 535: 532: 529: 528: 523: 520: 517: 516: 511: 508: 505: 504: 499: 496: 493: 492: 487: 484: 481: 480: 477: 476: 473: 467: 466: 455: 449: 448: 442: 436: 435: 430: 426: 425: 420: 416: 415: 410: 406: 405: 397: 396: 383: 377:Himno de Riego 369: 368: 367:Further Beyond 348: 347: 340: 333: 332: 326: 319: 318: 317: 314: 313: 309: 308: 301: 298: 291: 290: 273: 272: 268: 267: 260: 249: 227: 224: 213: 206: 187: 186: 185: 183: 176: 169: 168: 83: 81: 74: 69: 43: 42: 40: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4029: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3938: 3933: 3929: 3926: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3907: 3906: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3767: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3655: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3578: 3577:median income 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3564: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3532: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3447:Head of State 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3417: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3396: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3342: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3295: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3232: 3229: 3228: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3191:Enlightenment 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3121: 3116: 3114: 3109: 3107: 3102: 3101: 3098: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3081: 3073: 3070:, ed. (2001) 3069: 3068:Carr, Raymond 3066: 3064: 3060: 3059: 3049: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3018: 3013: 3009: 2993: 2986: 2982: 2980: 2975:In Spanish: « 2972: 2968: 2958: 2955: 2954: 2948: 2946: 2941: 2939: 2934: 2930: 2920: 2918: 2914: 2909: 2907: 2906:Paris Commune 2903: 2897: 2894: 2889: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2872: 2868: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2844: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2828: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2803: 2802:Antonio Maura 2799: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2784: 2774: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2760: 2756: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2736: 2727: 2722: 2718: 2716: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2685: 2683: 2676: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2622:HMS Swiftsure 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2574: 2572: 2571:duro cantonal 2568: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2548: 2540: 2539: 2533: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2439: 2434: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2378:Abolition of 2377: 2374: 2370: 2369:Ferdinand VII 2366: 2363: 2359: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2347: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2318: 2312: 2308: 2305: 2298: 2293: 2292: 2280: 2278: 2274: 2268: 2261: 2255: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2243:confederative 2240: 2234: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2205: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2141:in which the 2140: 2136: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2116:Panic of 1873 2114:matching the 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2072: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2036:Ferdinand VII 2033: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2015: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1941: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1909: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1890: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1864: 1859: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1830:; and by the 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1785: 1783: 1778: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1761:coup de grâce 1758: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1693: 1688: 1677: 1672: 1670: 1665: 1663: 1658: 1657: 1655: 1654: 1648: 1647: 1636: 1634: 1633: 1622: 1621: 1619: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1610: 1609: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1572: 1571: 1561: 1558: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1522: 1519: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1502: 1501: 1491: 1488: 1483: 1482:Blue Division 1480: 1475: 1472: 1467: 1464: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1452: 1447: 1446: 1436: 1433: 1428: 1425: 1420: 1417: 1412: 1409: 1404: 1401: 1396: 1393: 1388: 1385: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1368: 1367: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1346: 1343: 1338: 1335: 1330: 1327: 1322: 1319: 1314: 1311: 1306: 1303: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1286: 1285: 1275: 1272: 1267: 1264: 1259: 1256: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1237: 1236: 1226: 1223: 1218: 1217: 1213: 1208: 1205: 1200: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1187: 1182: 1179: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1162: 1161: 1151: 1148: 1143: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1132: 1128: 1127: 1124: 1119: 1118: 1108: 1105: 1100: 1097: 1092: 1089: 1084: 1081: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1064: 1063: 1053: 1050: 1045: 1042: 1037: 1034: 1029: 1028:Iberian Union 1026: 1021: 1018: 1013: 1010: 1005: 1002: 997: 994: 989: 986: 985: 982: 977: 976: 966: 963: 958: 957: 953: 948: 945: 940: 937: 936: 933: 928: 927: 917: 914: 909: 906: 901: 898: 897: 894: 889: 888: 881: 878: 876: 873: 868: 865: 860: 857: 856: 853: 848: 847: 839:(575–206 BCE) 837: 834: 832: 829: 828: 825: 824:Early history 820: 819: 812: 809: 808: 805: 800: 799: 795: 791: 790: 787: 781: 780: 775: 770: 769: 763: 759: 738: 736: 727: 726: 723: 717: 708: 701: 700: 697: 696: 693: 690: 688: 685: 684: 680: 677: 674: 672: 671:ISO 3166 code 668: 665: 662: 658: 654: 650: 647: 641: 637: 633: 626: 622: 619: 616: 610: 606: 602: 598: 595: 592: 588: 584: 581: 578: 572: 569: 566: 560: 556: 552: 550: 546: 542: 539: 536: 530: 527: 524: 518: 515: 512: 506: 503: 500: 494: 491: 488: 482: 478: 474: 472: 468: 465: 462: 459: 456: 454: 450: 446: 443: 441: 437: 434: 431: 427: 424: 421: 417: 414: 411: 407: 403: 398: 382: 378: 374: 370: 364: 359: 358: 353: 349: 343: 337: 329: 323: 315: 310: 305: 296: 287: 284: 265: 261: 258: 250: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 225: 222: 218: 214: 211: 208: 207: 201: 195: 193: 188:You can help 184: 175: 174: 165: 162: 154: 151:February 2013 143: 140: 136: 133: 129: 126: 122: 119: 115: 112: – 111: 107: 106:Find sources: 100: 96: 90: 89: 84:This article 82: 78: 73: 72: 67: 65: 58: 57: 52: 51: 46: 41: 32: 31: 19: 3904: 3891:Coat of arms 3788:Bullfighting 3778:Architecture 3745:Prostitution 3705:Homelessness 3680:Demographics 3634:Trade unions 3572:unemployment 3557:Car industry 3489:Human rights 3437:Constitution 3393: 3339: 3319:ranked lists 3231:1975–present 3200: 3091:(in Spanish) 3086: 3071: 3062: 3037: 3019:, p. 75 3012: 2992: 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351: 342:Coat of arms 279: 239:edit summary 230: 199:(March 2023) 197: 189: 157: 148: 138: 131: 124: 117: 105: 93:Please help 88:verification 85: 61: 54: 48: 47:Please help 44: 3710:Immigration 3700:Health care 3562:Communities 3547:Agriculture 3347:Earthquakes 3206:Restoration 3176:Reconquista 3027:Works cited 2706:Charles VII 2652:Middle Ages 2614:Marcha Real 2565:, known as 2398:syndication 2388:child labor 2373:Isabella II 2335:Civil Guard 2199:as the new 2193:Civil Guard 2166:telegraphic 2143:Civil Guard 2139:coup d'etat 2084:Alfonso XII 2080:Isabella II 2044:Isabella II 1973:Isabella II 1929:Alfonso XII 1921:restoration 1844:cantonalist 1782:Carlist War 1727:King Amadeo 1516:(1975–1978) 1493:(1959–2011) 1485:(1941–1944) 1477:(1939–1945) 1469:(1939–1977) 1461:(1939–1965) 1430:(1936–1939) 1398:(1933–1936) 1390:(1931–1933) 1359:(1930–1931) 1354:Dictablanda 1348:(1923–1930) 1332:(1914–1918) 1316:(1886–1931) 1308:(1885–1902) 1300:(1874–1885) 1277:(1873–1874) 1269:(1872–1876) 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50:improve it 3818:Languages 3720:Languages 3690:Education 3639:Transport 3479:Elections 3462:Judiciary 3401:Provinces 3298:Geography 3279:Civil War 3186:Expansion 2947:in 1931. 2702:Catalonia 2668:Salamanca 2532:stating: 2530:manifesto 2518:Algeciras 2502:Salamanca 2494:Castellón 2474:Cartagena 2458:Andalusia 2404:work day. 2355:aparceros 2210:alfonsino 2179:summoned 2170:alfonsino 1971:, son of 1961:alfonsino 1931:as king. 1848:Barcelona 1753:staged a 1427:Civil War 1012:Habsburgs 942:(711–716) 919:(552–624) 911:(418–721) 903:(409–585) 734:(Bourbon) 618:abdicates 471:President 447:, Spanish 429:Religion 312:1873–1874 257:talk page 56:talk page 3941:Category 3802:Fiestas 3750:Religion 3735:Pensions 3730:Naturism 3670:Abortion 3609:Taxation 3599:Forestry 3511:Monarchy 3506:Military 3499:Intersex 3420:Politics 3406:Wildlife 3341:Comarcas 3274:Military 3269:Economic 3242:By topic 3148:Timeline 3131:articles 3036:(2013). 2951:See also 2893:Biarritz 2871:Numancia 2794:moderate 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