444:
93:
466:
315:, wrote with regards to the Egyptian fellah: “...no amount of alien blood has so far succeeded in destroying the fundamental characteristics, both physical and mental, of the ‘dweller of the Nile mud,' i.e. the fellah, or tiller of the ground who is today what he has ever been." He would rephrase stating, "the physical type of the Egyptian fellah is exactly what it was in the earliest dynasties. The invasions of the Babylonians, Hyksos, Ethiopians, Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, and Turks, have had no permanent effect either on their physical or mental characteristics."
213:
257:
304:
36:
625:
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research on the life of Upper
Egyptian farmers and concluded that there were observable continuities between the cultural and religious beliefs and practices of the
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in Egypt was much higher than it is now in the early 20th century, before large numbers migrated into urban towns and cities. In 1927, anthropologist
786:"George Grigore. "Muslims in Romania", ISIM Newsletter (International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World) no. 3, Leiden. 1999: 34"
284:, who were the ruling class. With the passage of time, the name took on an ethnic character, and the Arab elites to some extent used the term
443:
822:
465:
744:
713:
223:"Fellahin", throughout the Middle East in the Islamic periods, referred to native villagers and farmers. It is translated as "
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556:
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79:
61:
827:
595:
Catastrophe
Remembered: Palestine, Israel and the Internal Refugees: Essays in Memory of Edward W. Said (1935–2003)
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houses, like their ancient ancestors. In 2005, they comprised some 60 percent of the total
Egyptian population.
575:
46:
546:
519:
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817:
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767:
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244:, smallholders, or live in a village that owned the land communally. Others applied the term
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212:
8:
761:
640:
Healing the Land and the Nation: Malaria and the
Zionist Project in Palestine, 1920–1947
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675:
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53:
665:
425:
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405:
241:
175:, the fellahin of Egypt have been described by some as the "true Egyptians".
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620:
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331:
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synonymously with "indigenous
Egyptian". Also, when a Christian Egyptian (
389:
374:
273:
157:
153:
24:
653:
Lords of the
Lebanese Marches: Violence and Narrative in an Arab Society
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517:
303:
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341:
In 2003, the fellahin were still leading humble lives and living in
64:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
785:
609:
State Lands and Rural
Development in mandatory Palestine, 1920–1948
413:
342:
256:
240:(land-owning class), although the fellahin in this region might be
626:
Army of
Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917–1948
16:
Farmer or agricultural laborer in the Middle East and North Africa
698:
The Nile: Notes for
Travellers in Egypt and in the Egyptian Sûdân
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417:
409:
236:
224:
429:
393:
366:
362:
354:
281:
228:
149:
19:
For the Arabic word for "success" in the context of Islam, see
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was also applied to native people from several regions in the
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Due to a continuity in beliefs and lifestyle with that of the
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457:
20:
277:
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Yemen Into the Twenty-First
Century: Continuity and Change
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During the 19th century, some Muslim Fellah families from
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was used to refer to the majority native peasantry of the
268:, they called the common masses of indigenous peasants
524:. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark. p. 54.
545:
Mahdi, Kamil A.; Würth, Anna; Lackner, Helen (2007).
276:
and connecting to their lands was different from the
272:(peasants or farmers) because their ancient work of
143:
123:
112:
701:. T. Cook & son (Egypt), Limited. p. 143.
544:
196:originated around 1715–1725 and derived from the
809:
664:
518:Pateman, Robert & Salwa El-Hamamsy (2003).
629:, University of California Press, 2008, p. 32
570:
568:
137:
118:
96:Fellahin children harvesting crops in Egypt
642:, University of Chicago Press, 2007, p. 57
551:. Garnet & Ithaca Press. p. 209.
565:
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
695:Budge, Sir Ernest Alfred Wallis (1910).
302:
255:
211:
178:A fellah could be seen wearing a simple
91:
711:
592:
810:
576:"Fellahin - Fallahin - Falih - Aflah'"
513:
511:
300:which means "winner" or "victorious".
759:
705:
694:
234:Fellahin were distinguished from the
611:, Sussex Academic Press, 2001, p. 13
296:) converted to Islam, he was called
216:An Egyptian farming family from the
207:
29:
783:
766:. George H. Doran company. p.
750:#312: December 24, 2005. SEMP, Inc.
508:
424:. They fully intermingled with the
280:who were traders and the Byzantine
138:
119:
109:
13:
823:Indigenous peoples of North Africa
712:Faraldi, Caryll (11–17 May 2000).
307:Fellah women in Egypt, 1860s-1920s
168:word for "ploughman" or "tiller".
14:
844:
796:
260:A group of Egyptian fellahs, 1955
674:. UNC Press Books. p. 159.
464:
442:
348:
338:and those of ancient Egyptians.
34:
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738:
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412:, a region now divided between
668:; Rogers, Guy MacLean (1996).
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399:
164:. The word derives from the
7:
760:Smith, George Adam (1918).
655:, I. B. Tauris, 2003, p. 13
483:
328:The Fellahin of Upper Egypt
251:
144:
124:
113:
60:the claims made and adding
10:
849:
803:Egypt's forgotten fellahin
435:
392:, also including those of
248:only to landless workers.
148:) is a peasant, usually a
18:
714:"A genius for hobnobbing"
597:. Zed Books. p. 78.
476:traditional agricultural
828:Social history of Egypt
763:Syria and the Holy Land
745:"Who Are the Fellahin?"
638:Sandra Marlene Sufian,
671:Black Athena Revisited
432:, and were Turkified.
308:
266:Arab conquest of Egypt
261:
220:
97:
607:Warwick P. N. Tyler,
593:Masalha, Nur (2005).
306:
259:
215:
95:
23:. For the star, see
582:, maajam dictionary
456:in the fields near
420:, then part of the
726:on 1 December 2017
666:Lefkowitz, Mary R.
651:Michael Gilsenan,
357:, specifically in
318:The percentage of
313:E. A. Wallis Budge
309:
262:
221:
98:
45:possibly contains
784:Grigore, George.
681:978-0-8078-4555-4
324:Winifred Blackman
311:The Egyptologist
218:Cairo Governorate
208:Origins and usage
173:Ancient Egyptians
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818:Egyptian farmers
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722:. Archived from
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156:laborer in the
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730:30 November
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390:Middle East
375:countryside
369:, the term
274:agriculture
158:Middle East
117:; feminine
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812:Categories
580:maajim.com
502:References
400:In Dobruja
264:After the
202:gallabīyah
70:March 2019
54:improve it
380:The term
359:Palestine
343:mud-brick
189:jellabiya
130:fellaheen
128:; plural
120:فَلَّاحَة
58:verifying
484:See also
474:using a
472:Fellahin
450:Fellahin
414:Bulgaria
388:and the
371:fellahin
336:fellahin
320:fellahin
270:fellahin
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246:fellahin
225:peasants
194:galabieh
184:galabieh
145:fallāḥīn
134:fellahin
496:Peasant
436:Gallery
418:Romania
410:Dobruja
353:In the
237:effendi
229:farmers
125:fallāḥa
110:فَلَّاح
52:Please
678:
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430:Tatars
394:Cyprus
382:fallah
367:Hauran
363:Jordan
355:Levant
286:fellah
282:Greeks
227:" or "
166:Arabic
150:farmer
139:فلاحين
114:fallāḥ
106:Arabic
102:fellah
521:Egypt
490:Copts
458:Cairo
452:with
426:Turks
298:falih
200:word
21:Falah
748:Biot
732:2017
676:ISBN
553:ISBN
526:ISBN
478:plow
454:hoes
428:and
416:and
365:and
294:qibt
290:copt
278:Jews
160:and
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292:or
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