271:(FTC) regulations state that, for an advertised offer to be lawful, the terms of the offer must be clear and conspicuous, not relegated to fine print. US FTC regulations state that unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce are unlawful. (15 USC § 45 (a)) In relevant part, they state that contingent conditions and obligations of an offer must be set forth clearly and conspicuously at the outset of the offer, and that disclosure of the terms of the offer set forth in a footnote of an advertisement to which reference is made by an asterisk or other symbol placed next to the offer, is not regarded as making disclosure at the outset. (16 CFR 251.1)
216:
498:: The warranties for many products, such as automobiles, are offered or sold with the promise that they will cover a large number of scenarios, should they occur, and often routine maintenance. But they are accompanied by fine print to exclude virtually all repairs that will likely be needed. The coverage for some routine maintenance may also be a lure in which the service center will intentionally damage the vehicle, unknown to its owner, thereby forcing the owner to return for additional costly repairs in the future.
530:: Many products are advertised with a price printed in large numbers. However, a higher price is printed above in much smaller numbers, and the large-print price is only given after a rebate. Initially, the customer must first pay the high price. In order for the rebate to be redeemed, the customer must then follow a set of instructions. In some cases, meeting all the requirements necessary in order to obtain the rebate may be difficult, and as a result, many rebates are denied.
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else the vehicle may be further damaged, or the price being for each individual part (such as a wheel), where the vehicle has several of that part all needing the service, and thereby multiplying the cost by that number. Many ads will also state in fine print "most cars," but in reality, most cars, including that of the customer seeking the service, will be excluded.
554:. In such a case, the fine print is displayed at the bottom of the screen in a manner where it is not noticeable to many viewers, or is displayed for such a short time that no one has the time to read the entire paragraph without an artificial means of stopping the commercial, i.e. record it or freeze frame it, such as with a
608:
for its increasing ruthlessness in its practices, which allow the banks seemingly unlimited rights to charge whatever fees they wish, to rewrite the terms and conditions faced by the consumer at will, and to not be challenged by the consumer in their practices. The consumer who initially obtained the
465:
contract may be bound to the contract for a specified period, subject to a large payment for early termination. Tickets for air travel may exclude taxes, luggage charges, and other unavoidable "extras". Some contracts—and sometimes services payable after a free trial period—automatically renew if not
439:, size or location of residence, the type of vehicle s/he owns, the amount of prior business s/he has done with that company, or the variety of the item s/he wishes to purchase. Often when this occurs, the limitations that render him/her ineligible will apply to an overwhelming majority of consumers.
238:
is less noticeable print smaller than the more obvious larger print it accompanies that advertises or otherwise describes or partially describes a commercial product or service. The larger print that is used in conjunction with fine print by the merchant often has the effect of deceiving the consumer
403:—it is often designed to be overlooked. The unsuspecting customer, who can instantly see all the attractive aspects of the offer, will, due to natural impulsive behavior, time constraints, and/or personal need, generally not bother to learn the caveats, instead focusing on the positives of the deal.
442:
Very frequently, consumers, eager to obtain a product or service they have the dire need or wish for, or that they have been coerced into obtaining, will sign their names on a binding contract. A court may find the consumer to be liable to the terms of the contract, although stated only by the fine
536:
products: These come in many forms. Often, companies either load their sales with a lot of fine print, or simply do not abide by their promises (the latter is technically illegal, but many are not worried because the amount they make from ripping people off usually makes up for the amount of fines
491:
or large signs outside their businesses for common maintenance and repair services, such as oil changes, tune-ups, and tires. These ads fail to mention factors that may raise that price, such as fees and add-ons for various services, mechanics telling customers more costly repairs are necessary or
247:
Fine print may say the opposite of what the larger print says. For example, if the larger print says "pre-approved" the fine print might say "subject to approval". Especially in pharmaceutical advertisements, fine print may accompany a warning message, but this message is often neutralized by the
263:
technique in certain market niches, particularly those of high-margin specialty products or services uncompetitive with those in the mainstream market. The practice, for example, can be used to mislead the consumer about an item's price or value, or the nutritional content of a food product.
394:
Fine print is controversial because of its deceptive nature. Its purpose is to make the consumer believe that the offer is really great. Though the real truth about the offer is technically available to the consumer in the smaller print of the advertisement—thus virtually ensuring
751:
540:
Online
Marketing Scheme: Many online marketers attracted consumers with free trials and asked for their credit card details to manage the shipment of the products. However, FTC found out that they were using hidden charges to take money from the customers without their
409:
In many cases, the business states in fine print that it reserves the right to modify the terms of the contract at any time with little to no advance notice. This controversial practice is often seen in the banking and insurance industries. It is also widely abused in
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cancelled by a specified time. A holiday may advertise an attractive price in large print, with "per person, double occupancy" in small print. Words such as "from" or "as low as" may be under-emphasised in offers where more than the minimum is usually wanted.
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which requires full disclosure of all (even unfavorable) terms or conditions, but does not specify the manner (size, typeface, coloring, etc.) of disclosure. There is strong evidence that suggests the fine print is not read by the majority of consumers.
641:
Advertising by conventional banks is relatively highly regulated, requiring disclosures that generally are made, but appear in small print. In some cases, the minimum size of any small print is regulated, such as credit card advertising/application
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and exceptions to the advertisement, it is often stated too fast for the viewer or listener to comprehend. This is often coupled with pleasant background music and positive images, which in turn takes the consumer's focus off the disclaimer.
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For example, see the Macy's ad image in this article, which tends to mislead the consumer to think that a discount will be available and hence to shop at Macy's because of anticipated pricing that will likely turn out to be
561:
Fine print is often illegible, e.g., when a TV picture is noisy, low-resolution, or the viewer's sight is impaired. Banking offers have been displayed on video billboards by highways that are unreadable by passing drivers.
454:, advertised with a 0% rate in large print, will offer this only for an introductory period of a few months. After that, the rate will switch, for example, to a much higher rate of 19.95%, and may increase even more due to
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card was inevitably drawn by the large print, which was accompanied by pages of fine print few are likely to read in full or to understand. During the 1990s, two laws against such practices were overturned by the
852:
A CBS Outdoors digital billboard, located on the East Bay side of the San
Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, 59' x 19' with a resolution of 720 x 240 pixels, displayed a banking ad with small print on May 6,
591:
Many consumer advocates are active in lobbying for laws to limit the rights of an advertiser to use fine print to hide the truth, and to expand rights to consumers who fall victim to fine print. Due to
431:. The customer will be told when ready to purchase that for one reason or another, they will not be eligible for the advertised offer, and will be coerced into one that is higher priced (see
461:
A contract may use small print that may pass unnoticed to require a customer or subscriber to pay various fees that are not stated in the headline price. A subscriber to, for example, a
558:(DVR), in order to read it. The attention is drawn away from this little section by the more eye-catching or large print description of the offer, which alone is untrue.
646:
disclosure requirements. One bank offered non-FDIC-insured CDs yielding 10% in letters almost 3″ high, while the small print 1/16″ high disclosed the lack of insurance.
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to customers at the time of the purchase with no strings attached. These laws have been widely opposed by corporations, and are yet to have passed in any states, except
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Many offers advertised in large print only apply when certain conditions are met. In many cases, these conditions are difficult or nearly impossible to meet.
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are concluded with "fast talking", which is barely audible or comprehensible to most. While it is this very message that states all necessary
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will exclude a good deal of scenarios in which one would normally file a claim. For example, life insurance will not normally cover
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788:"Texas Court Rules that Internet Contract Giving Website Owner the Right to Make Unilateral Amendments Is Illusory"
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806:"Secret History Of The Credit Card - Eight Things A Credit Card User Should Know - FRONTLINE - PBS"
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that is granted to advertisers, passing such laws in the United States has proven to be difficult.
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colors, and for brief periods of time, making it difficult or impossible for the viewer to read.
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ruled that these "unilateral modification clauses" were illusory and, thus, unenforceable.
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Several states have considered laws that would require retailers to provide advertised
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770:"15 U.S. Code § 45 - Unfair methods of competition unlawful; prevention by Commission"
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864:"The Credit Card Accountability, Responsibility and Disclosure Act - Public Citizen"
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into believing the offer is more advantageous than it really is. This may satisfy a
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In some cases, the seller who uses this technique will engage in the practice of
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108:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
26:
This article is about text in a small size. Not to be confused with
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in large print, with conditions, such as military membership, or a
435:). Reasons they may be given include his/her age, race, religion,
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513:
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print, and an exit from these terms may be costly or impossible.
252:). Sometimes television advertisements flash text fine print in
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more eye-catching positive images and pleasant background music (
1664:
1524:
706:"Who Reads The Fine Print Online? Less Than One Person In 1000"
488:
162:
1060:
986:
836:"FTC Charges Online Marketing Scheme with Deceiving Shoppers"
521:
400:
446:
Some examples of how consumers are deceived are as follows:
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within a specified time after the policy is bought, and
687:"Web site 'outs' fine print - The Red Tape Chronicles"
993:
PBS Frontline - The Secret
History of the Credit Card
1818:
721:
719:
550:A common practice has been to use fine print in
1037:
633:, where they are only allowed if unadvertised.
604:Consumer advocates have widely criticized the
418:. However, in early 2009, the federal case of
1023:
716:
292:The examples and perspective in this article
67:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1781:Criminal enterprises, gangs and syndicates
1030:
1016:
746:
744:
165:. Please do not remove this message until
1003:Fine print tricks used by car dealerships
330:Learn how and when to remove this message
203:Learn how and when to remove this message
185:Learn how and when to remove this message
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
964:
684:
373:by adding descriptive text and removing
274:
223:signs often have fine print disclaimers.
214:
161:Relevant discussion may be found on the
741:
487:shops frequently advertise either with
1819:
925:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
586:
546:Fine print on TV and other video media
1011:
989:, a collection of ads with fine print
703:
1680:High-yield investment program (HYIP)
685:Sullivan, Bob (September 26, 2006).
565:
341:
278:
135:
73:
32:
1670:Foundation for New Era Philanthropy
473:may be advertised at far below its
13:
958:
259:The use of fine print is a common
14:
1848:
980:
965:Sullivan, Missy (February 2012).
774:LII / Legal Information Institute
48:This article has multiple issues.
941:"Roundtable on Insurance Reform"
790:. April 22, 2009. Archived from
346:
283:
140:
78:
37:
1735:Saradha Group financial scandal
933:
888:
874:
856:
846:
828:
666:Privacy policy § Criticism
599:
56:or discuss these issues on the
816:
798:
780:
762:
731:
697:
678:
1:
1089:1992 Indian stock market scam
671:
1364:Strip search phone call scam
1179:Extraterrestrial real estate
882:"NY State Senate Bill S6815"
537:they pay to the government).
7:
1239:Intellectual property scams
1229:Indian coal allocation scam
1038:Scams and confidence tricks
649:
306:, discuss the issue on the
167:conditions to do so are met
104:the claims made and adding
21:Fine print (disambiguation)
10:
1853:
1725:Pyramid schemes in Albania
1685:Investors Overseas Service
1617:Website reputation ratings
967:"Attack of the Fine Print"
752:"16 CFR 251.1 - The guide"
636:
616:
421:Harris v. Blockbuster Inc.
25:
18:
1763:
1755:Welsh Thrasher faith scam
1700:Madoff investment scandal
1625:
1427:
1194:Foreclosure rescue scheme
1079:
1043:
552:advertising on television
1750:Stanford Financial Group
1555:Russian Business Network
1344:Slavery reparations scam
998:AOL "health food" claims
840:Federal Trade Commission
520:will not normally cover
481:, listed in small print.
269:Federal Trade Commission
1720:Petters Group Worldwide
689:. MSNBC. Archived from
661:Trojan horse (business)
504:policies: Particularly
375:less pertinent examples
1414:White van speaker scam
1379:Technical support scam
1354:SSA impersonation scam
1309:Redemption/A4V schemes
1234:IRS impersonation scam
1199:Foreign exchange fraud
556:digital video recorder
224:
1214:Get-rich-quick scheme
1204:Fortune telling fraud
518:homeowners' insurance
397:plausible deniability
275:Controversial aspects
221:political endorsement
218:
1690:Kapa investment scam
1510:Internet vigilantism
1500:Email authentication
1475:Cryptocurrency scams
1369:Swampland in Florida
693:on January 13, 2008.
606:credit card industry
312:create a new article
304:improve this article
294:may not represent a
19:For other uses, see
16:Text in a small size
1794:Film and television
1515:Lenny anti-scam bot
1419:Work-at-home scheme
1384:Telemarketing fraud
1244:Kansas City Shuffle
1169:Embarrassing cheque
587:Fighting fine print
371:improve the article
154:of this article is
28:fine press printing
1745:Scott W. Rothstein
1640:Aman Futures Group
1159:Coin rolling scams
1154:Coin-matching game
822:AG filing against
725:AG filing against
611:U.S. Supreme Court
469:An item such as a
241:legal technicality
225:
89:possibly contains
1814:
1813:
1776:Confidence tricks
1495:Domain name scams
1394:Thai zig zag scam
1259:Miracle cars scam
1082:confidence tricks
1080:Notable scams and
884:. 3 October 2015.
842:. March 24, 2017.
704:Greenberg, Andy.
576:radio commercials
566:Verbal fine print
456:universal default
392:
391:
340:
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332:
314:, as appropriate.
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195:
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134:
133:
126:
91:original research
71:
1844:
1645:Bernard Cornfeld
1607:Stock Generation
1535:Referer spoofing
1399:Three-card monte
1389:Thai tailor scam
1349:Spanish Prisoner
1279:Overpayment scam
1219:Green goods scam
1119:Black money scam
1104:Art student scam
1099:Advance-fee scam
1094:2G spectrum case
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901:. Archived from
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416:privacy policies
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1705:Make Money Fast
1675:Franchise fraud
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1602:Spoofing attack
1585:Scammer Payback
1433:countermeasures
1432:
1423:
1114:Bait-and-switch
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959:Further reading
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896:"Archived copy"
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868:www.citizen.org
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429:bait and switch
414:statements and
399:from claims of
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267:In the US, the
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1445:Pig Butchering
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1429:Internet scams
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1334:Sick baby hoax
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1314:Reloading scam
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1301:
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1249:Locksmith scam
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987:mouseprint.org
982:
981:External links
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794:on 2010-12-22.
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510:life insurance
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298:of the subject
296:worldwide view
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114:September 2012
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1807:
1806:Ponzi schemes
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1800:
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1790:In the media
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1740:Secret Sister
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383:November 2019
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355:This section
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320:December 2017
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87:This article
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1730:Reed Slatkin
1695:Kubus scheme
1575:Jim Browning
1570:419eater.com
1565:Scam baiting
1550:Romance scam
1520:Lottery scam
1465:Clickjacking
1409:Wash trading
1404:Trojan horse
1319:Return fraud
1269:Mock auction
1188:
1164:Drop swindle
1129:Bogus escrow
970:
948:www.fdic.gov
947:
935:
910:. Retrieved
903:the original
890:
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830:
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792:the original
782:
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738:unavailable.
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691:the original
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631:Rhode Island
620:
603:
600:Credit cards
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569:
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549:
475:market value
445:
441:
426:
419:
412:terms of use
408:
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380:
369:Please help
357:may contain
356:
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51:
50:Please help
47:
1837:Advertising
1771:Con artists
1655:Dona Branca
1597:Spoofed URL
1505:Email fraud
1485:CyberThrill
1460:Click fraud
1374:Tarmac scam
1299:Pork barrel
1294:Pigeon drop
1284:Patent safe
1274:Moving scam
1184:Fiddle game
1134:Boiler room
1109:Badger game
1071:Sucker list
1044:Terminology
824:TigerDirect
810:www.pbs.org
756:www.gpo.gov
656:Teaser rate
644:Schumer box
627:Connecticut
594:free speech
580:disclaimers
534:Infomercial
485:Auto repair
452:credit card
261:advertising
254:camouflagic
232:small print
175:August 2012
1821:Categories
1799:Literature
1660:Earl Jones
1592:ShadowCrew
1545:Rock Phish
1490:DarkMarket
1480:Cybercrime
1455:Catfishing
1329:Shell game
1264:Mismarking
1189:Fine print
1149:Clip joint
1139:Bride scam
972:SmartMoney
912:2012-09-20
672:References
496:Warranties
463:cell phone
363:irrelevant
236:mouseprint
228:Fine print
152:neutrality
98:improve it
53:improve it
1827:Deception
1786:Impostors
1440:Avalanche
1254:Long firm
1174:Exit scam
727:BlueHippo
541:approval.
502:Insurance
433:Hard sell
359:excessive
308:talk page
250:eye candy
163:talk page
102:verifying
59:talk page
1560:SaferNet
1530:Phishing
1470:Cramming
1359:SSC Scam
1224:Hustling
1209:Gem scam
921:cite web
650:See also
514:suicides
479:trade-in
365:examples
302:You may
156:disputed
1650:Caritas
1627:Pyramid
1580:Kitboga
1450:Carding
1324:Salting
1066:Shyster
637:Banking
623:rebates
617:Rebates
528:Rebates
489:coupons
96:Please
1665:Ezubao
1525:PayPai
710:Forbes
506:health
1764:Lists
1061:Shill
944:(PDF)
906:(PDF)
899:(PDF)
853:2009.
570:Some
522:arson
401:fraud
310:, or
234:, or
219:U.S.
1051:Scam
927:link
629:and
574:and
508:and
149:The
1715:MMM
1629:and
1431:and
471:car
361:or
100:by
1823::
969:.
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923:}}
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743:^
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