1788:, definition of "Indigenous peoples" is contested largely referring to a number of population (less than 50,000 people), and neglecting self-identification, origin from indigenous populations who inhabited the country or region upon invasion, colonization or establishment of state frontiers, distinctive social, economic and cultural institutions. Thus, indigenous peoples of Russia such as Sakha, Komi, Karelian and others are not considered as such due to the size of the population (more than 50,000 people), and consequently they "are not the subjects of the specific legal protections." The Russian government recognizes only 40 ethnic groups as indigenous peoples, even though there are 30 other groups to be counted as such. The reason of nonrecognition is the size of the population and relatively late advent to their current regions, thus indigenous peoples in Russia should be numbered less than 50,000 people.
3480:
3113:
927:, three categories of misrepresentation are noticeable: The Molong concept is purely a stewardship notion of resource management. Communities or individuals take ownership of specific trees, maintaining and harvesting from them sustainably over a long period of time. Some feel this practice has been romanticized in environmentalist writings. Landscape features and particularly their names in local languages provided geographical and historical information for Penan people; whereas in environmentalist accounts, it has turned into a spiritual practice where trees and rivers represent forest spirits that are sacred to the Penan people. A typical stereotype of some environmentalists' approach to ecological
3421:
1590:
2917:
12007:
11977:
701:, which they trace back to papal decrees authorizing Spain and Portugal to conquer newly discovered non-Christian lands and convert their populations to Christianity. Kent McNeil, however, states, "While Spain and Portugal favoured discovery and papal grants because it was generally in their interests to do so, France and Britain relied more on symbolic acts, colonial charters, and occupation." Benton and Strauman argue that European powers often adopted multiple, sometimes contradictory, legal rationales for their acquisition of territory as a deliberate strategy in defending their claims against European rivals.
11992:
11962:
5775:"Persons who speak an indigenous language but who do not live in such a household (Por lo antes mencionado, la Comisión Nacional Para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas de México (CDI) considera población indígena (PI) a todas las personas que forman parte de un hogar indígena, donde el jefe(a) del hogar, su cónyuge y/o alguno de los ascendientes (madre o padre, madrastra o padrastro, abuelo(a), bisabuelo(a), tatarabuelo(a), suegro(a)) declaro ser hablante de lengua indígena. Además, también incluye a personas que declararon hablar alguna lengua indígena y que no forman parte de estos hogares"
1209:" have fallen into disuse in Canada. More currently, the term "Aboriginal" is being replaced with "Indigenous". Several national organizations in Canada changed their names from "Aboriginal" to "Indigenous". Most notable was the change of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC) to Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) in 2015, which then split into Indigenous Services Canada and Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Development Canada in 2017. According to the 2016 Census, there are around 1,670,000 Indigenous people in Canada. There are currently over 600 recognized
11947:
3038:
563:
6437:
for the indigenous peoples of Iraq and Turkey, the victims for centuries of massacres, assaults on their religious and cultural sites, theft and deterioration of their lands and cultural objects, and forced assimilation. These peoples, among them the
Armenians, Assyrians, Greeks, and Yezidis of Turkey and Turkish-occupied Cyprus, and the Armenians, Assyrians, Yezidis, and Mandaeans of Iraq, have lost more than two-thirds of their peak populations, most of their cultural and religious sites, and thousands of priceless artifacts and specimens of visual art.
901:
of environmental change and stewardship". They argue that a view of "wilderness" as uninhabited nature has resulted in removal of
Indigenous inhabitants to preserve "the wild", and that depriving the land of traditional Indigenous practices such as controlled burns, harvesting, and seed scattering has yielded dense understory shrubbery or tickets of young trees which are inhospitable to life. Recent studies indicate that Indigenous peoples used land sustainably, without causing substantial losses of biodiversity, for thousands of years.
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3212:
including HIV/AIDS, cancer, malaria, cardiovascular disease, malnutrition, parasitic infections, and respiratory diseases, affecting indigenous peoples at much higher rates. Many causes of
Indigenous children's mortality could be prevented. Poorer health conditions amongst indigenous peoples result from longstanding societal issues, such as extreme poverty and racism, but also the intentional marginalization and dispossession of Indigenous peoples by dominant, non-Indigenous populations and societal structures.
3109:, deprivation of lands from the Indigenous people, and settlement of Indigenous lands by an overwhelming number of Vietnamese settlers led to massive protests and demonstrations by the Central Highland's indigenous ethnic minorities against the Vietnamese in January–February 2001. This event gave a tremendous blow to the claim often published by the Vietnamese government that in Vietnam "There has been no ethnic confrontation, no religious war, no ethnic conflict. And no elimination of one culture by another."
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594:
Atlantic coast from modern
Massachusetts to Georgia. Native peoples formed alliances with the Europeans in order to promote trade, preserve their autonomy, and gain allies in conflicts with other native peoples. However, horses and new weapons made inter-tribal conflicts more deadly and the native population was devastated by introduced diseases. Native peoples also experienced losses from violent conflict with the colonists and the progressive dispossession of their traditional lands.
3455:. The Eastern Penan are famous for their resistance to loggers threatening their natural resources, specifically Sago palms and various fruit bearing trees. Because of the Penan's international fame, environmentalists often visited the area to document such happenings and learn more about and from the people there, including their perspective on the land's invasion. While Indigenous people comprise less than 5% of the population, they caretake for over 80% of global biodiversity.
2065:
1097:
5745:"In the 2010 census "Indigenous" people were defined as persons who live in a household where an Indigenous language is spoken by one of the adult family members or people who self identified as Indigenous ("Criteria del hogar: De esta manera, se establece, que los hogares indígenas son aquellos en donde el jefe y/o el cónyuge y/o padre o madre del jefe y/o suegro o suegra del jefe hablan una lengua indígena y también aquellos que declararon pertenecer a un grupo indígena"
1797:
598:
985:
456:
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tourist sites against the wishes of the Cham Hindus. In 2010 and 2013 several incidents occurred in Thành Tín and Phươc Nhơn villages where Cham were murdered by
Vietnamese. In 2012, Vietnamese police in Chau Giang village stormed into a Cham Mosque, stole the electric generator, and also raped Cham girls. Cham in the Mekong Delta have also been economically marginalized, with ethnic Vietnamese settling on land previously owned by Cham people with state support.
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761:
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1254:
1074:
337:
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832:
54:
2347:
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932:
knowledge might have been helpful for Penan's people in their struggle to protect their environment, but it might also have disastrous consequences. What happens if another case did not fit in this romantic narrative, or another
Indigenous knowledge did not seem beneficial to the outside world. These people were being uprooted in the first place because their communities did not fit well with the state's system of values.
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155:
973:
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received strong
Chinese influence in their culture and civilization and were Sinicized, and the Cambodians and Laotians were Indianized, the Montagnards in the Central Highlands maintained their own Indigenous culture without adopting external culture and were the true Indigenous of the region. To hinder encroachment on the Central Highlands by Vietnamese nationalists, the term
2975:
generally concerned that the cultures and lands of
Indigenous peoples are being lost and that Indigenous peoples suffer both discrimination and pressure to assimilate into the surrounding or colonizing societies. This is borne out by the fact that the lands and cultures of nearly all of the peoples listed at the end of this article are under threat. Notable exceptions are the
3132:(UNPFII) affirmed that Indigenous peoples are distinctive groups protected in international or national legislation as having a set of specific rights based on their linguistic and historical ties to a particular territory, prior to later settlement, development or occupation of a region. The session affirms that, since Indigenous peoples are vulnerable to exploitation,
3065:, Bangladesh, collectively known as the Jumma. Experts have protested against this move of the Bangladesh government and have questioned the government's definition of the term "indigenous peoples". This move by the Bangladesh government is seen by the Indigenous peoples of Bangladesh as another step by the Government to further erode their already limited rights.
3468:
within the knowledge base of
Indigenous peoples. Not only do these fictionalized accounts of some Indigenous knowledge and traditions skew the beliefs of onlookers, but they also contribute to cultural genocide as the actual spiritual and religious beliefs of the Indigenous people are disappeared and replaced with the westernized fiction.
3691:"Irish Travellers are a minority community indigenous to Ireland who have existed on the margins of Irish society for centuries. They share common cultural practices, such as nomadism, early marriage, and a tradition of self-employment. They have distinct rituals of death and cleansing, and their own language, Gammon or Cant." (Keane 43)
751:
conquest; and gave also a right to such a degree of sovereignty, as the circumstances of the people would allow them to exercise. ... the character and religion of its inhabitants ... the superior genius of Europe ... ample compensation to the by bestowing on them civilization and
Christianity, in exchange for unlimited independence.
372:
denied that Indigenous peoples exist in their territory, and have classified minorities who identify as Indigenous in other ways, such as 'hill tribes' in Thailand, 'scheduled tribes' in India, 'national minorities' in China, 'cultural minorities' in the Philippines, 'isolated and alien peoples' in Indonesia, and various other terms.
328:
form at present non-dominant sectors of society and are determined to preserve, develop, and transmit to future generations their ancestral territories, and their ethnic identity, as the basis of their continued existence as peoples, in accordance with their own cultural patterns, social institutions and legal systems.
3105:(PMSI) emerged for the Central Highlands along with the indigenous being addressed by the name Montagnard. The tremendous scale of Vietnamese Kinh colonists flooding into the Central Highlands has significantly altered the demographics of the region. The anti-ethnic minority discriminatory policies by the Vietnamese,
452:
remained nomadic pastoralists who also engaged in trade as far as sub-Saharan Africa. Coptic Egyptians remained in possession of their lands and many preserved their language and Christian religion. By the 10th century, however, the majority of the population of north Africa spoke Arabic and practiced Islam.
3285:, and they also argued that colonialism itself was savagely destructive. In the mid-20th century, European attitudes began to shift to the view that Indigenous and tribal peoples are the only peoples who should have the right to decide what should happen to their ancient cultures and their ancestral lands.
10153:
Racial and ethnic groups are designated by proper nouns and are capitalized. ... capitalize terms such as "Native American," "Hispanic," and so on. Capitalize "Indigenous" and "Aboriginal" whenever they are used. Capitalize "Indigenous People" or "Aboriginal People" when referring to a specific group
9845:
Many young people looked to American Indian traditions for alternative lifestyles, and this was to shape New Agers' and Neopagans' subsequent turn to and incorporation of indigenous peoples' practices into their own rituals and belief systems. The desire to share in native peoples' perceived harmony
6566:
Rodriguez-Flores, Juan L.; Fakhro, Khalid; Agosto-Perez, Francisco; Ramstetter, Monica D.; Arbiza, Leonardo; Vincent, Thomas L.; Robay, Amal; Malek, Joel A.; Suhre, Karsten; Chouchane, Lotfi; Badii, Ramin; Al-Nabet Al-Marri, Ajayeb; Abi Khalil, Charbel; Zirie, Mahmoud; Jayyousi, Amin (February 2016).
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Another common occurrence is to extend Indigenous knowledge beyond its limits and into unrelated meanings that western consumers find spiritually profound. This tendency of journalists extends beyond Davis and Henley. It serves non-Natives to add a narrative and value beyond that which already exists
3190:
The WHO noted in 2003 that "Statistical data on the health status of indigenous peoples is scarce. This is especially notable for indigenous peoples in Africa, Asia and eastern Europe", but snapshots from various countries (where such statistics are available) show that indigenous people are in worse
1653:
of Japan, the Japanese courts recognized their claim in law, stating that "If one minority group lived in an area prior to being ruled over by a majority group and preserved its distinct ethnic culture even after being ruled over by the majority group, while another came to live in an area ruled over
1213:
spread across Canada, such as the Cree, Mohawk, Mikmaq, Blackfoot, Coast Salish, Innu, Dene and more, with distinctive Indigenous cultures, languages, art, and music. First Nations peoples signed 11 numbered treaties across much of what is now known as Canada between 1871 and 1921, except in parts of
1016:
per the modern definition is more restrictive, and certainly not every African ethnic group claims identification under these terms. Groups and communities who do claim this recognition are those who, by a variety of historical and environmental circumstances, have been placed outside of the dominant
808:
Contemporary distinct Indigenous groups survive in populations ranging from only a few dozen to hundreds of thousands and more. Many Indigenous populations have undergone a dramatic decline and even extinction, and remain threatened in many parts of the world. Some have also been assimilated by other
776:
As there is no universally accepted definition of Indigenous Peoples, their classification as such varies between countries and organizations. In the Americas, Australia and New Zealand, Indigenous status is often applied unproblematically to groups descended from the peoples who lived there prior to
772:
Estimates of the population of Indigenous peoples range from 250 million to 600 million. The United Nations estimates that there are over 370 million Indigenous people living in over 90 countries worldwide. This would equate to just fewer than 6% of the total world population. This includes
623:
Native populations also encountered new animals and plants introduced by Europeans. These included pigs, horses, mules, sheep and cattle; wheat, barley, rye, oats, grasses and grapevines. These exotic animals and plants radically transformed the local environment and disrupted traditional agriculture
229:
In the 21st century, the concept of Indigenous peoples is understood in a wider context than only the colonial experience. The focus has been on self-identification as indigenous peoples, cultural difference from other groups in a state, a special relationship with their traditional territory, and an
96:
Indigenous peoples continue to face threats to their sovereignty, economic well-being, languages, cultural heritage, and access to the resources on which their cultures depend. In the 21st century, Indigenous groups and advocates for Indigenous peoples have highlighted numerous apparent violations of
3458:
Environmentalists such as Davis and Henley, who Brosius writes lumped all native groups of Malaysia into one homogeneous group with the same ideas and traditions, and lacked dialectical connections needed to deeply understand the Penan, lacked full knowledge of the situation's specific weight to the
3068:
Hindu Chams and Muslim Chams have both experienced religious and ethnic persecution and restrictions on their faith under the current Vietnamese government, with the Vietnamese state confiscating Cham property and forbidding Cham from observing their religious beliefs. Hindu temples were turned into
2932:
The 1989 ILO Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples mainly concerns non-discrimination but also covers indigenous peoples’ rights to development, customary laws, lands, territories and resources, employment, education and health. By 2013, the convention had been ratified by 22 countries, mainly
578:
in the west of South America. The Inca, weakened by a smallpox epidemic and civil war, were defeated by the Spanish at Cajamarca in 1532, and the emperor Atahualpa was captured and executed. The Spanish appointed a puppet emperor and captured the Inca capital of Cuzco with the support of a number of
166:
There is no generally accepted definition of Indigenous peoples in the United Nations or international law. Various national and international organizations, non-government organizations, governments, Indigenous groups and scholars have developed definitions or have declined to provide a definition.
6436:
The U.N. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples requires states to provide an effective remedy to indigenous peoples deprived of their cultural, religious, or intellectual property (IP) without their free, prior and informed consent. The Declaration could prove to be an important safeguard
5458:
Ellis, Erle C.; Gauthier, Nicolas; Goldewijk, Kees Klein; Bird, Rebecca Bliege; Boivin, Nicole; Díaz, Sandra; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Gill, Jacquelyn L.; Kaplan, Jed O.; Kingston, Naomi; Locke, Harvey; McMichael, Crystal N. H.; Ranco, Darren; Rick, Torben C.; Shaw, M. Rebecca; Stephens, Lucas; Svenning,
900:
view of California's "wild Eden", which may influence policy decisions about the "wilderness". Some academics assumed that the only pre-Colonial human interactions with nature were as "hunter-gatherers". Others say that the relationship was one of "calculated tempered use of nature as active agents
750:
The United States ... its civilized inhabitants now hold this country. They hold, and assert in themselves, the title by which it was acquired. They maintain, as all others have maintained, that discovery gave an exclusive right to extinguish the Indian title of occupancy, either by purchase or by
593:
In the 17th century, French, English and Dutch trading posts multiplied in northern America to exploit whaling, fishing and fur trading. French settlements progressed up the St Lawrence river to the Great Lakes and down the Mississippi to Louisiana. English and Dutch settlements multiplied down the
504:
In 1532, the first African slaves were transported directly to the Americas. The trade in slaves expanded sharply in the 17th century, with the involvement of the French, Dutch and English, before declining in the 19th century. At least 12 million slaves were transported from Africa. The slave
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are 600 times more likely to acquire tuberculosis and 62% more likely to commit suicide than the non-Indian population. Tuberculosis, obesity, and type 2 diabetes are major health concerns for the indigenous in developed countries. Globally, health disparities touch upon nearly every health issue,
3164:
was reportedly being set up for the royals of the United Arab Emirates also linked to OBC or the Otterlo Business Corporation. According to lawyers and human rights groups and activists, approximately 30 Maasai people were injured by security forces in the process of eviction and delimiting a land
327:
Indigenous communities, peoples, and nations are those that, having a historical continuity with pre-invasion and pre-colonial societies that developed on their territories, consider themselves distinct from other sectors of the societies now prevailing in those territories, or parts of them. They
270:
does not provide a definition of Indigenous peoples stating that, "such a definition is not necessary for purposes of protecting their human rights." In determining coverage of Indigenous peoples, the commission uses the criteria developed in documents such as ILO Convention No. 169 and the United
238:
No definition of Indigenous peoples has been adopted by a United Nations agency. The Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues states, "in the case of the concept of 'indigenous peoples', the prevailing view today is that no formal universal definition of the term is necessary, given
3100:
as "savages", which caused a Montagnard uprising against the Vietnamese. The Vietnamese were originally centered around the Red River Delta but engaged in conquest and seized new lands such as Champa, the Mekong Delta (from Cambodia) and the Central Highlands during Nam Tien. While the Vietnamese
2974:
Wherever Indigenous cultural identity is asserted, common societal issues and concerns arise. These concerns are often not unique to Indigenous groups. Despite the diversity of Indigenous peoples, they share common problems and issues in dealing with the prevailing, or invading, society. They are
2317:
population is Indigenous, with more than 700 different nationalities recognized in a total population of 8 million. The country's constitution and key statutes identify traditional or custom-based practices and land tenure, and explicitly set out to promote the viability of these traditional
1244:
In the United States, the combined populations of Native Americans, Inuit and other Indigenous designations totaled 2,786,652 (constituting about 1.5% of 2003 U.S. census figures). Some 563 scheduled tribes are recognized at the federal level, and a number of others recognized at the state level.
931:
is to present Indigenous "knowledge" of nature as "valuable" to the outside world because of its hidden medicinal benefits. In reality, eastern Penan populations do not identify a medicinal stream of "knowledge". These misrepresentations in the "narrative" of Indigeneity and "value" of Indigenous
781:
and Africa, Indigenous status has sometimes been rejected by certain peoples, denied by governments or applied to peoples who may not be considered "Indigenous" in other contexts. The concept of indigenous peoples is rarely used in Europe, where very few indigenous groups are recognized, with the
254:
The convention also covers "tribal peoples" who are distinguished from Indigenous peoples and described as "tribal peoples in independent countries whose social, cultural and economic conditions distinguish them from other sections of the national community and whose status is regulated wholly or
3370:
and national park development. Indigenous women are especially affected by land dispossession because they must walk longer distances for water and fuel wood. These women also become economically dependent on men when they lose their livelihoods. Indigenous groups asserting their rights has most
3365:
technologies such as fertilizers, pesticides, and large plantation schemes have destroyed ecosystems that Indigenous communities formerly depended on, forcing resettlement. Development projects such as dam construction, pipelines and resource extraction have displaced large numbers of Indigenous
2244:
colonial expansion in the Pacific brought many of these areas under non-Indigenous administration, mainly during the 19th century. During the 20th century, several of these former colonies gained independence and nation-states formed under local control. However, various peoples have put forward
451:
of north Africa converted to various forms of Christianity under Roman rule, although elements of traditional religious beliefs were retained. Following the Arab invasions of North Africa in the 7th century, many Berbers were enslaved or recruited into the army. The majority of Berbers, however,
371:
It is sometimes argued that all Africans are Indigenous to Africa, all Asians are Indigenous to parts of Asia, or that there can be no Indigenous peoples in countries which did not experience large-scale Western settler colonialism. Many countries have avoided the term Indigenous peoples or have
332:
Martínez Cobo states that the following factors are relevant to historical continuity: occupation of ancestral lands, or at least of part of them; common ancestry with the original occupants of these lands; cultural factors such as religion, tribalism, dress, etc.; language; residence in certain
76:
Estimates of the population of Indigenous peoples range from 250 million to 600 million. There are some 5,000 distinct Indigenous peoples spread across every inhabited climate zone and continent of the world except Antarctica. Most Indigenous peoples are in a minority in the state or traditional
2948:
Indigenous peoples confront a diverse range of concerns associated with their status and interaction with other cultural groups, as well as changes in their inhabited environment. Some challenges are specific to particular groups; however, other challenges are commonly experienced. These issues
999:
period, the concept of specific Indigenous peoples within the African continent has gained wider acceptance, although not without controversy. The highly diverse and numerous ethnic groups that comprise most modern, independent African states contain within them various peoples whose situation,
665:
of Australia, after brief encounters with European explorers in the 17th and 18th centuries, had extensive contact with Europeans when the continent was progressively colonized by the British from 1788. During colonization, the Aboriginal people experienced depopulation from disease and settler
657:
of New Zealand also had sporadic encounters with Europeans in the 17th and 18th centuries. Following encounters with Cook's exploration parties in 1769–70, New Zealand was visited by numerous European and North American whaling, sealing, and trading ships. From the early 19th century, Christian
2971:, the study of what occurs when two cultures first encounter one another. The situation can be further confused when there is a complicated or contested history of migration and population of a given region, which can give rise to disputes about primacy and ownership of the land and resources.
1530:
were officially recognized as Indigenous peoples of Israel by the United Nations. This has been criticized both by scholars associated with the Israeli state, who dispute the Bedouin's claim to indigeneity, and those who argue that recognizing just one group of Palestinians as indigenous risks
1268:
In some countries (particularly in Latin America), Indigenous peoples form a sizable component of the overall national population – in Bolivia, they account for an estimated 56–70% of the total nation, and at least half of the population in Guatemala and the Andean and Amazonian
904:
A goal is to ascertain an unbiased view of Indigenous practices of resource management. Historical literature, archaeological findings, ecological field studies, and Native Peoples' cultures show indications that Indigenous land management practices were largely successful in promoting habitat
619:
In 1492, the population of the Americas as a whole was about 50 to 100 million. By 1700, introduced diseases had reduced the native population by 90%. European migration and transfer of slaves from Africa reduced the native population to a minority. By 1800 the population of North America
500:
goldfields. The Portuguese engaged in extensive trade of goods for gold and, in later years, slaves for their sugar plantations in the islands off West Africa and in the New World. In 1488, Portuguese ships rounded the Cape of Good Hope and by the 17th century, Portugal had established seaborn
249:
peoples in independent countries who are regarded as indigenous on account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, or a geographical region to which the country belongs, at the time of conquest or colonisation or the establishment of present state boundaries and who,
9107:
The cases of the aboriginal populations of British-colonized Australia and German-colonized Namibia further illuminate the fate of indigenous peoples worldwide. In both instances, decades of denial gave way, at the twentieth century's close, to a greater readiness to acknowledge the genocidal
3072:
The Indonesian government has outright denied the existence of Indigenous peoples within the countries' borders. In 2012, Indonesia stated that 'The Government of Indonesia supports the promotion and protection of indigenous people worldwide ... Indonesia, however, does not recognize the
258:
The convention states that self-identification as indigenous or tribal is a fundamental criterion for determining the groups to which the convention applies. The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples does not define Indigenous peoples but affirms their right to self-determination
206:
In the 1970s, the term was used as a way of linking the experiences, issues, and struggles of groups of colonized people across international borders. At this time 'indigenous people(s)' also began to be used to describe a legal category in Indigenous law created in international and national
3463:
into something that fit a Western narrative and agenda, and that Davis and Henley romanticized and misconstrued the traditional Penan concept of molong (meaning: "to preserve" – the Penan marked trees for personal use and to preserve them for future harvesting of fruits or for
1008:
lifestyles are generally marginalized and set apart from the dominant political and economic structures of the nation. Since the late 20th century these peoples have increasingly sought recognition of their rights as distinct Indigenous peoples, in both national and international contexts.
362:
propose a criterion based on accounts of origin: "Indigenous peoples are those who have creation stories, not colonization stories, about how we/they came to be in a particular place – indeed how we/they came to be a place. Our/their relationships to land comprise our/their epistemologies,
715:
Although the establishment of colonies throughout the world by various European powers aimed to expand those powers' wealth and influence, settler populations in some localities became anxious to assert their own autonomy. For example, settler independence movements in thirteen of the
3182:
proclaimed the International Decade of the World's Indigenous People, and requested UN specialized agencies to consider with governments and indigenous people how they can contribute to the success of the Decade of Indigenous People, commencing in December 1994. As a consequence, the
3281:(1914–1918), many Europeans came to doubt the morality of the means which were used to "civilize" peoples. At the same time, the anti-colonial movement, and advocates for the rights of Indigenous peoples, argued that words such as "civilized" and "savage" were products and tools of
3187:(WHO), at its Forty-seventh World Health Assembly, established a core advisory group of Indigenous representatives with special knowledge of the health needs and resources of their communities, thus beginning a long-term commitment to the issue of the health of Indigenous peoples.
658:
missionaries began to settle New Zealand, eventually converting most of the Māori population. The Māori population declined to around 40% of its pre-contact level during the 19th century; introduced diseases were the major factor. New Zealand became a British Crown colony in 1841.
1335:
Indigenous peoples make up 0.4% of all Brazilian population, or about 700,000 people. Indigenous peoples are found in the entire territory of Brazil, although the majority of them live in Indian reservations in the North and Center-Western part of the country. On 18 January 2007,
3053:
According to Samuel Totten, some governments do not respect the rights of Indigenous peoples. In the latter part of the twentieth century the genocide of Indigenous peoples in Australia and Namibia attracted more attention from the international community including scholars and
946:
Indigenous populations are distributed in regions throughout the globe. The numbers, condition and experience of Indigenous groups may vary widely within a given region. A comprehensive survey is further complicated by sometimes contentious membership and identification.
12565:
5722:
2518:
77:
territory they inhabit and have experienced domination by other groups, especially non-Indigenous peoples. Although many Indigenous peoples have experienced colonization by settlers from European nations, Indigenous identity is not determined by Western colonization.
73:, although in the 21st century the focus has been on self-identification, cultural difference from other groups in a state, a special relationship with their traditional territory, and an experience of subjugation and discrimination under a dominant cultural model.
3206:
The first UN publication on the State of the World's Indigenous Peoples revealed alarming statistics about indigenous peoples' health. Health disparities between indigenous and non-indigenous populations are evident in both developed and developing countries.
2944:
and natural resources. The declaration is not a formally binding treaty but some provisions might be considered customary international law. The declaration has been endorsed by at least 148 states but its provisions have not been consistently implemented.
3023:
Although indigenous peoples are often portrayed as a hindrance to development, their cultures and traditional knowledge are also increasingly seen as assets. It is argued that it is important for the human species as a whole to preserve as wide a range of
884:, reduced pollution, clean water and more. It says that tenure-secure Indigenous lands have low deforestation rates, they help to reduce GHG emissions, control erosion and flooding by anchoring soil, and provide a suite of other local, regional and global
649:
first encountered Europeans in 1778 when Cook explored the region. Following increasing contact with European missionaries, traders and scientific expeditions, the indigenous population fell before their lands were annexed by the United States in 1893.
2087:. However, the concept of Indigenous peoples is rarely used in the European context and the UN recognizes very few Indigenous populations within Europe; those which are recognized as such are confined to the far north and far east of the continent.
2960:
The interactions between Indigenous and non-Indigenous societies throughout history and contemporarily have been complex, ranging from outright conflict and subjugation to some degree of mutual benefit and cultural transfer. A particular aspect of
3169:
report has described OBC as a 'UAE-based' luxury-game hunting company, granted a license to hunt by the Tanzanian government in 1992 for "the UAE royal family to organize private hunting trips", denying the Maasai people access to their own land.
351:, defined Indigenous peoples as "living descendants of pre-invasion inhabitants of lands now dominated by others. They are culturally distinct groups that find themselves engulfed by other settler societies born of forces of empire and conquest".
3335:, stating rights to manage natural resources, and cultural and intellectual property. In countries where these rights are recognized, land titling and demarcation procedures are often put on delay, or leased out by the state as concessions for
425:
society flourished between 330 BCE and 640 CE and undertook successive campaigns of conquest that subsumed more than half of the known world of the time. But because preexisting populations within other parts of Europe at the time of
6458:
3599:
6886:
12656:
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812:
Certain Indigenous societies survive even though they may no longer inhabit their "traditional" lands, owing to migration, relocation, forced resettlement or having been supplanted by other cultural groups. In many other respects, the
7673:
2301:
of the population on 30 June 2021 was estimated to be 17%. Māori developed from Polynesian people who settled in New Zealand after migrations from other Pacific islands, probably in the 13th century. Many leaders of Māori nations
817:
of Indigenous groups is ongoing, and includes permanent loss of language, loss of lands, encroachment on traditional territories, and disruption in traditional ways of life due to contamination and pollution of waters and lands.
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4503:
632:
The indigenous populations of the Pacific had increasing contact with Europeans in the 18th century as British, French and Spanish expeditions explored the region. The natives of Tahiti had encounters with the expeditions of
430:
had more in common – culturally speaking – with the Greco-Roman world, the intricacies involved in expansion across the European frontier were not so contentious relative to Indigenous issues.
3393:
Most Indigenous populations are already subject to the deleterious effects of climate change. Climate change has not only environmental, but also human rights and socioeconomic implications for Indigenous communities. The
3148:
by nation states formed from colonizing populations or by different, politically dominant ethnic groups, individuals and communities maintaining ways of life indigenous to their regions are entitled to special protection.
4450:, 2nd ed., Oxford University press, 2004, p. 3; Professor Anaya teaches Native American Law, and is the third Commission on Human Rights Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of Indigenous People
1154:
In Mexico, about 11 million people, or 9% of Mexico's total population, self-reported as Indigenous in 2015, making it the country with the highest Indigenous population in North America. In the southern states of
8128:
Lehtola, M. (2012). HoWhy theory and the cultural transition in the Sakha Republic. In T.Aikas, S.Lipkin, A.K.Salmi (Eds.), Archaeology of social relations: ten case studies by Finnish archaeologists (pp. 51–76). Oulu
84:
protects Indigenous peoples from discrimination and specifies their rights to development, customary laws, lands, territories and resources, employment, education and health. In 2007, the United Nations (UN) adopted a
10154:(e.g., the Indigenous Peoples of Canada), but use lowercase for "people" when describing persons who are Indigenous or Aboriginal (e.g., "the authors were all Indigenous people but belonged to different nations")
540:. Spanish settlements spread from Hispaniola to Puerto Rico, the Bahamas and Cuba, leading to a severe decline in the Indigenous populations from disease, malnutrition, settler violence and cultural disruption.
2940:(UNDRIP) specifying the collective rights of Indigenous peoples, including their rights to self-determination and to protect their cultures, identities, languages, ceremonies, and access to employment, health,
10630:
5436:
283:
states, "Indigenous Peoples are distinct social and cultural groups that share collective ancestral ties to the lands and natural resources where they live, occupy or from which they have been displaced."
4405:
10251:
The term "indigenous" is a common synonym for the term "American Indian and Alaska Native" and "Native American." But "indigenous" doesn't need to be capitalized unless it's used in context as a proper
523:. The Europeans were motivated by a range of factors including trade, the exploitation of natural resources, spreading Christianity, and establishing strategic military bases, colonies and settlements.
6068:
1135:
primarily due to disease, land theft and violence. Several peoples have become extinct, or very nearly so. But there are and have been many thriving and resilient Indigenous nations and communities.
6450:
680:
From the 15th to the 19th centuries, European powers used a number of rationales for the colonization of newly encountered lands populated by indigenous peoples. These included a duty to spread the
3427:
dancer of the Save Our Ancestors Remains and Resources Indigenous Network Group (SOARRING) Foundation, a not-for-profit organization whose mission is to educate people about Indigenous ways of life
920:
as understood before; rather, it seemed that ordinary local people dependent on these forests for their livelihoods are in fact "joining distant corporations in creating uninhabitable landscapes."
8321:
6878:
1017:
state systems, and whose traditional practices and land claims often come into conflict with the objectives and policies implemented by governments, companies and surrounding dominant societies.
8205:
The rights of indigenous peoples in Asia: Human rights-based overview of national legal and policy frameworks against the backdrop of country strategies for development and poverty reduction
1116:
Indigenous peoples of the Americas are broadly recognized as being those groups and their descendants who inhabited the region before the arrival of European colonizers and settlers (i.e.,
492:
Early 15th-century Portuguese exploration of the west coast of Africa was motivated by a quest for gold and crusading against Islam. Portugal's first attempt at colonization in what is now
242:
However, a number of UN agencies have provided statements of coverage for particular international agreements concerning Indigenous peoples or "working definitions" for particular reports.
5890:
3459:
Indigenous peoples. The two embarked on a mission, stating they wished to help with conservation of the Penan's land resources, but Brosious states they were among the many who repackaged
7635:
7612:
10046:
1277:, with most preferring to use the specific name of their tribe or Nation instead of generalities. In Spanish or Portuguese speaking countries, one finds the use of terms such as índios,
9894:
6519:
5241:
3788:
1654:
by a majority after consenting to the majority rule, it must be recognized that it is only natural that the distinct ethnic culture of the former group requires greater consideration."
559:
and other allies of the Spanish were given some autonomy, but the Spanish were de facto rulers of Mexico. Smallpox devastated the indigenous population and aided the Spanish conquest.
5920:
2318:
societies within the modern state. However, conflicts and disputes concerning land use and resource rights continue between indigenous groups, the government, and corporate entities.
4487:
12201:
9863:
4548:
Hall, Gillette, and Harry Anthony Patrinos. Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Human Development in Latin America. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, n.d. Google Scholar. Web. 11 March 2013
3931:
2595:
7203:
3327:
At an international level, Indigenous peoples have received increased recognition of their environmental rights since 2002, but few countries respect these rights in reality. The
5379:
3881:
Acharya, Deepak and Shrivastava Anshu (2008): Indigenous Herbal Medicines: Tribal Formulations and Traditional Herbal Practices, Aavishkar Publishers Distributor, Jaipur, India.
12492:
9001:
8689:
6971:
9924:
8924:
8048:
3944:...several thousand nations have been arbitrarly (and generally involuntarily) incorporated into approximately two hundred political constructs we call independent states...
1430:; however, some remain in Turkey. There has been a Greek presence in Anatolia since at least the 1000s BCE, and Greek traders visited western Anatolia beginning in 1900 BCE.
8286:
1985:. The country has one of the largest Indigenous peoples population in the world. The recognition of the rights of Indigenous peoples was legally enshrined in 1997 with the
10140:
4221:
5774:
5744:
5310:
323:
Academics and other scholars have developed various definitions of Indigenous peoples. In 1986–87, José Martínez Cobo, developed the following "working definition" :
7062:
6650:
Zografou, Magda; Pipyrou, Stavroula (2016). "Dance and Difference: Toward an Individualization of the Pontian Self". In Meglin, Joellen A.; Matluck Brooks, Lynn (eds.).
3439:
is a pioneer in the field of bringing indigenous knowledge to mainstream academics and media through digital documentation of unique contributions by aboriginal people.
6666:
The Pontians are a population that originate from the historical area of Pontus in Anatolia, originally located around the southern and eastern coasts of the Black Sea.
6051:
8804:
8178:
8119:
Fondahl, G., Filippova, V., Mack, L. (2015). Indigenous peoples in the new Arctic. In B.Evengard, O.Nymand Larsen, O.Paasche (Eds), The New Arctic (pp. 7–22). Springer
7992:
6260:
5105:
Slattery, Brian (2005). "Paper Empires: The legal dimensions of French and English Ventures in North America". In McLaren, John; Buck, A. R.; Wright, Nancy E. (eds.).
2444:
9345:
8834:
6207:
4532:
3195:
in some regions of Australia; higher prevalence of poor sanitation and lack of safe water among Twa households in Rwanda; a greater prevalence of childbirths without
11913:
9384:
10661:
10274:
9789:
10414:
9683:
8721:
1132:
7952:
5432:
3160:
community were reportedly subjected to eviction from their ancestral land to make way for a luxury game reserve by Otterlo Business Corporation in June 2022. The
1237:
is also home to a recognized Indigenous and majority population of Inuit (about 85%) who settled the area in the 13th century, displacing the Indigenous European
12482:
9208:
3563:
2469:
6909:
4413:
8894:
8086:
6327:
5409:
3578:
2508:
218:
1868:. The Cham in Vietnam are only recognized as a minority, and not as an Indigenous people by the Vietnamese government despite being indigenous to the region.
582:
In the 1560s, the Spanish established colonies in Florida and in 1598 founded a colony in New Mexico. However, the heartland of the Spanish colonies remained
3713:
1273:. While still in use in-group, and in many names of organizations, "Indian" is less popular among younger people, who tend to prefer "Indigenous" or simply "
10787:
Merlan, Francesca (2007). "Indigeneity as Relational Identity: The Construction of Australian Land Rights". In Marisol de la Cadena & Orin Starn (ed.).
9191:
8864:
12644:
12191:
10287:
We would capitalize "Indigenous" in both contexts: that of Indigenous people and groups, on the one hand, and Indigenous culture and society, on the other.
7031:
6173:
2625:
2605:
5620:
Natcher, David C. (5 December 2006). "M. Kat Anderson: Tending the Wild: Native American Knowledge and the Management of California's Natural Resources".
12592:
3624:
3129:
2513:
2489:
1733:
1269:
nations of Peru. In English, Indigenous peoples are collectively referred to by different names that vary by region, age and ethnicity of speakers, with
245:
The International Labour Organization's (ILO) Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (ILO Convention No. 169), states that the convention covers:
9994:
8313:
697:
Robert J. Miller, Jacinta Ruru, Larissa Behrendt and Tracey Lindberg argue that European powers rationalized their colonization of the New World by the
80:
The rights of Indigenous peoples are outlined in national legislation, treaties and international law. The 1989 International Labour Organization (ILO)
12550:
12059:
6026:
3328:
3257:. These terms were commonly used during the heyday of European colonial expansion, and they are still being used by certain societies in modern times.
2544:
2419:
2134:. Some sources describe the Sámi as the only recognized Indigenous peoples in Europe, with others describing them as the only Indigenous people in the
789:
Indigenous societies range from those who have been significantly exposed to the colonizing or expansionary activities of other societies (such as the
292:
Amnesty International does not provide a definition of Indigenous peoples but states that they can be identified according to certain characteristics:
10461:
Baviskar, Amita (2007). "Indian Indigeneitites: Adivasi Engagements with Hindu Nationalism in India". In Marisol de la Cadena & Orin Starn (ed.).
1120:). Indigenous peoples who maintain, or seek to maintain, traditional ways of life are found from the high Arctic north to the southern extremities of
666:
violence, dispossession of their land, and severe disruption of their traditional cultures. By 1850, indigenous peoples were a minority in Australia.
9583:
Ohenjo, Nyang'ori; Willis, Ruth; Jackson, Dorothy; Nettleton, Clive; Good, Kenneth; Mugarura, Benon (2006). "Health of Indigenous people in Africa".
6116:
5868:
547:
encountered the Spanish who entered their lands in search of gold and other resources. Some indigenous peoples chose to ally with the Spanish to end
9235:
5195:
880:
A WRI report mentions that "tenure-secure" Indigenous lands generates billions and sometimes trillions of dollars' worth of benefits in the form of
175:
As a reference to a group of people, the term "indigenous" was first used by Europeans to differentiate the Indigenous peoples of the Americas from
10499:
Clifford, James (2007). "Varieties of Indigenous Experience: Diasporas, Homelands, Sovereignties". In Marisol de la Cadena & Orin Starn (ed.).
7432:
6142:
732:. The United States continued and expanded European colonial doctrine through adopting a version of the discovery doctrine as law in 1823 with the
10851:
5960:
271:
Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. The commission states that self-identification as indigenous is a fundamental criterion.
12628:
12221:
5898:
3061:
The Bangladeshi government has stated that there are "no indigenous peoples in Bangladesh". This statement has angered the Indigenous peoples of
2937:
2925:
2635:
2554:
2141:
Other groups, particularly in Central, Western and Southern Europe, that might be considered to fit the description of Indigenous peoples in the
888:. However, many of these communities find themselves on the front lines of the deforestation crisis, and their lives and livelihoods threatened.
688:
right to explore and trade freely with other peoples, and a right to settle and cultivate uninhabited or uncultivated land which they considered
89:
including their rights to self-determination and to protect their cultures, identities, languages, ceremonies, and access to employment, health,
86:
9079:
See table 1 for some examples of indigenous groups that have been labeled negatively by governments in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
7605:"'Invented' Palestinians, 'Indigenous' Jews: The Roots of Israel's Annexation Plan, and Why the World Must Stop Netanyahu, Before It's Too Late"
7604:
12616:
12241:
10054:
7858:
3629:
3264:(1588–1679), considered Indigenous people mere "savages". Others (especially literary figures in the 18th century) popularized the concept of "
2665:
2549:
2142:
1012:
Though the vast majority of African peoples are "indigenous" in the sense that they originate from that continent, in practice, identity as an
579:
native peoples. The Spanish established a new capital in 1535 and defeated an Inca rebellion in 1537, thus consolidating the conquest of Peru.
81:
10562:
Farah, Paolo D.; Tremolada Riccardo (2014). "Desirability of Commodification of Intangible Cultural Heritage: The Unsatisfying Role of IPRs".
9886:
9652:
8601:"The Holistic Effects of Climate Change on the Culture, Well-Being, and Health of the Saami, the Only Indigenous People in the European Union"
7085:
6511:
5986:
5233:
3780:
1919:
ethnic group as "indigenous" despite the clear cultural distinctions of certain groups. This problem is shared by many other countries in the
1163:(65.40%), the majority of the population is Indigenous, as reported in 2015. Other states with high populations of Indigenous peoples include
11906:
9781:
8648:
Valkonen, Sanna; Valkonen, Jarno (2017). "The Non-State Sámi". In Wiesner, Claudia; Björk, Anna; Kivistö, Hanna-Mari; Mäkinen, Katja (eds.).
5030:
1721:
1427:
9495:
7799:
5935:
4621:
Adhikari, Mohamed (7 September 2017). "Europe's First Settler Colonial Incursion into Africa: The Genocide of Aboriginal Canary Islanders".
2454:
809:
populations or have undergone many other changes. In other cases, Indigenous populations are undergoing a recovery or expansion in numbers.
12226:
12216:
10341:
Sabbagh-Khoury, Areej (2022). "Tracing Settler Colonialism: A Genealogy of a Paradigm in the Sociology of Knowledge Production in Israel".
10166:
5349:
3750:
2650:
2630:
9859:
7936:(1999), "Subgrouping, circularity and extinction: some issues in Austronesian comparative linguistics" in E. Zeitoun & P.J.K Li, ed.,
9046:
9019:
2903:
1068:
9423:
8555:
7530:
7211:
6370:
6238:
10885:
5593:
Milberg, Per; Tyrberg, Tommy (1993). "Naïve birds and noble savages – a review of man-caused prehistoric extinctions of island birds".
5371:
4771:
Benton, Lauren; Straumann, Benjamin (February 2010). "Acquiring empire by law: From Roman doctrine to early modern European practice".
3589:
2479:
421:, gives a synoptic interpretation of the Pelasgians based on the sources available to him then, concluding that Pelasgians were Greek.
3366:
peoples, often without providing compensation. Governments have forced Indigenous peoples off of their ancestral lands in the name of
299:
A historical link with those who inhabited a country or region at the time when people of different cultures or ethnic origins arrived
12739:
11981:
11389:
9172:
8775:
8751:
8681:
7980:. Paper prepared for Symposium Austronesia Pascasarjana Linguististik dan Kajian Budaya. Universitas Udayana, Bali 19–20 August 2004.
6423:
4156:
1986:
1927:
267:
9916:
9528:"Resolutions and Decisions. WHA47.27 International Decade of the World's Indigenous People. The Forty-seventh World Health Assembly"
1849:, each with its own dialect, customs, laws, territory, and culture, although common distinguishing traits are readily identifiable.
793:
of Mexico and Central America) through to those who as yet remain in comparative isolation from any external influence (such as the
12472:
12117:
11899:
8916:
7242:
3268:". Those who were close to the Hobbesian view tended to believe that they had a duty to "civilize" and "modernize" the Indigenous.
2459:
2293:
In most parts of Oceania, Indigenous peoples outnumber the descendants of colonists. Exceptions include Australia, New Zealand and
534:. The Spanish enslaved some of the native population and forced others to work on farms and gold mines in a system of labor called
7145:
5254:
the word itself now has little meaning outside of the struggle for rights and dignity on the part of minorities and the oppressed.
12252:
11321:
10204:
10024:
9153:
9122:
8954:
7908:
7123:
5332:
Ding, Helen; Veit, Peter; Gray, Erin; Reytar, Katie; Altamirano, Juan-Carlos; Blackman, Allen; Hodgdon, Benjamin (10 June 2016).
3199:
among ethnic minorities in Vietnam; suicide rates among Inuit youth in Canada are eleven times higher than the national average;
2675:
2424:
1861:
501:
trading routes and fortified coastal trading posts from West Africa to India and Southern China, and a settler colony in Brazil.
214:
12766:
10132:
4219:
2286:
The remains of at least 25 miniature humans, who lived between 1,000 and 3,000 years ago, were recently found on the islands of
1905:, there are 50 to 70 million people who are classified as Indigenous peoples by the local Indigenous rights advocacy group
239:
that a single definition will inevitably be either over- or under-inclusive, making sense in some societies but not in others."
12462:
12052:
9538:
5782:
5752:
5302:
3678:. Since 2020, most style guides have recommend capitalization of "Indigenous" when referring to specific Indigenous peoples as
2474:
2168:
7054:
6488:
842:
496:
ended in failure. In the 1470s, the Portuguese established a fortified trading post on the West coast of Africa, south of the
12347:
12246:
10834:
10815:
10796:
10777:
10745:
10722:
10691:
10619:
10600:
10527:
10508:
10489:
10470:
10312:
9831:
9695:
9458:
9417:
9378:
9339:
9100:
9072:
7418:
6351:
6298:
6065:
6049:
5527:
5343:
5172:
5089:
5006:
4977:
4567:
4497:
4187:
4128:
3965:
3925:
3886:
3841:
3614:
3424:
3208:
2833:
2752:
2740:
2710:
2615:
2059:
1128:
962:
875:
10697:
10081:
Brosius, J. Peter (1997). "Endangered Forest, Endangered People: Environmentalist Representations of Indigenous Knowledge".
9306:
8796:
8174:
7999:
6948:
6778:
6751:
6268:
12638:
12161:
12122:
11849:
10537:
Farah, Paolo D.; Tremolada Riccardo (2014). "Intellectual Property Rights, Human Rights and Intangible Cultural Heritage".
9329:
8826:
6195:
5834:
5064:
3112:
2848:
2464:
1633:, and much of Sakhalin. As Japanese settlement expanded, the Ainu were pushed northward and fought against the Japanese in
552:
9368:
5812:
505:
trade increased inter-tribal warfare and stunted population growth and economic development in the west African interior.
250:
irrespective of their legal status, retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions.
12011:
11326:
10913:
10264:
7375:
4529:
3073:
application of the indigenous peoples concept ... in the country'. Along with the brutal treatment of the country's
2396:
2297:. In New Zealand, based on various factors including census data and self-identification, the proportion of full or part
1523:
1357:
481:
of the Canary Islands resisted Spanish attempts at colonization. The islands finally came under Spanish control in 1496.
10421:
9566:
9447:"7 Becoming Socialist or Becoming Kinh? Government Policies for Ethnic Minorities in the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam"
8711:
7273:
5022:
4246:
4041:
2995:(created in 1999). Despite the control of their territories, many Sakha people have lost their lands as a result of the
12622:
12310:
12127:
11306:
11301:
11282:
11277:
11264:
10269:
10238:
9764:
7959:
5577:
3528:
1274:
1062:
733:
620:
comprised about 5 million Europeans and their descendants, one million Africans and 600,000 indigenous Americans.
12452:
9212:
8138:
Slezkine, Y. (1994). Arctic mirrors: Russia and the small peoples of the North. New York, NY: Cornell University Press
8026:
4119:
Mathewson, Kent (2004). "Drugs, Moral Geographies, and Indigenous Peoples: Some Initial Mappings and Central Issues".
1337:
12045:
9720:
9188:
8665:
7516:
7180:
6917:
6861:
6836:
6659:
6303:
5716:
5672:
5552:
5129:
4692:
2725:
2449:
1907:
1677:
896:
Misconceptions about the historical relationship between Indigenous populations and their landbase has informed some
207:
legislation. The use of the plural 'peoples' recognizes the cultural differences between various Indigenous peoples.
8886:
8343:
8078:
6319:
5401:
2245:
claims for Indigenous recognition where their islands are still under external administration; examples include the
1926:
In the Philippines, there are 135 ethno-linguistic groups, 110 of which are considered as Indigenous peoples by the
1131:
on Indigenous communities have been in general quite severe, with many authorities estimating ranges of significant
12754:
12502:
12211:
12156:
12139:
12097:
12092:
11375:
11331:
11311:
10756:
10331:
9209:"Mission to Vietnam Advocacy Day (Vietnamese-American Meet up 2013) in the U.S. Capitol. A UPR report By IOC-Campa"
8226:
3558:
2828:
2371:
1931:
1507:
1270:
916:
rate of Indonesian rainforests has been far greater than estimated. Such a rate could not have been the product of
3387:
3016:. This rejection ended up recognizing that there was a pre-existing system of law practiced by the Meriam people.
44:"Indigenous studies" redirects here. For the academic field studying the Indigenous peoples of North America, see
12776:
12322:
11370:
11290:
8856:
7732:
6086:
3583:
3343:
3260:
During the 17th century, Europeans commonly labeled Indigenous peoples "uncivilized". Some philosophers, such as
3179:
2896:
2194:
1814:
are the Indigenous people of Singapore, inhabiting it since the Austronesian migration. They had established the
8472:
Baer, Lars-Anders (2005). "The Rights of Indigenous Peoples – A Brief Introduction in the Context of the Sámi".
8152:
7881:
7023:
6165:
3857:
12686:
12409:
12196:
12006:
11976:
11966:
11500:
11336:
9846:
with nature became a common theme of the 1960s counterculture and in 1970s Neopaganism and New Age communities.
8716:
6451:"A Year After Unleashing War Crimes Against Indigenous Armenians, Azerbaijan's Threats And Violations Continue"
3533:
3420:
3358:, from another Indigenous community in the region, favor oil drilling because they could benefit economically.
2941:
2868:
2793:
2788:
2735:
2590:
1725:
1526:
to the land as their ancient homeland; some have disputed the authenticity of Palestinian claims. In 2007, the
90:
31:
9138:
6805:
6699:
12749:
12517:
11996:
11413:
11360:
11350:
11316:
10432:
Alfred, Taiaiake; Corntassel, Jeff (2005). "Being Indigenous: Resurgences against Contemporary Colonialism".
9986:
9464:
3121:
2858:
2853:
2838:
2813:
2439:
2162:
1606:
1444:, their original homeland, and still speak dialects of Aramaic, the official language of the Assyrian Empire.
1210:
1148:
638:
401:
before the Greeks. The disposition and precise identity of this former group is elusive, and sources such as
17:
12566:
Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Folklore
6018:
3354:. Oil drilling could destroy thousands of years of culture for the Gwich'in. On the other hand, some of the
1217:
The Inuit have achieved a degree of administrative autonomy with the creation in 1999 of the territories of
12701:
12676:
11951:
10806:
Pratt, Mary Louise (2007). "Afterword: Indigeneity Today". In Marisol de la Cadena & Orin Starn (ed.).
6076:, 2016 Census of Population, Catalogue № 98‑500‑X2016009 (Ottawa: 2017‑10‑25), ISBN‑13:978‑0‑660‑05518‑3, .
4216:
Working Paper by the Chairperson-Rapporteur, Mrs. Erica-Irene A. Daes, on the concept of indigenous people.
3573:
3403:
3399:
2984:
2966:
2823:
2818:
2808:
2803:
1781:, but their fisher culture has been endangered due to the development of oil field of Sakhalin from 1990s.
1589:
1190:
956:
140:
7636:"Indigeneity as Cultural Resistance: Notes on the Palestinian Struggle within Twenty-First-Century Israel"
6112:
5860:
3300:
adherents often look to the cultures of Indigenous peoples seeking to find ancient traditional truths and
12823:
12497:
12357:
12231:
11465:
11365:
11160:
11040:
10234:
9274:
5188:
3332:
3097:
2863:
2798:
2645:
1876:
1764:
1540:
9782:"United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples | United Nations For Indigenous Peoples"
8533:
7398:
6138:
1756:
majority, although some like the Tanka have been shown to have genetic and anthropological roots in the
1422:
millennia before Turkic conquest. They are indigenous to Asiatic Turkey. Most were either killed in the
459:
12794:
12027:
11383:
11355:
7697:"Contested Indigeneity: The Development of an Indigenous Discourse on the Bedouin of the Negev, Israel"
3609:
3225:
3055:
2889:
2877:
1638:
941:
909:, and maintaining certain vegetation types, sustaining human lives while conserving natural resources.
721:
414:
9044:
State of the World's Indigenous Peoples, Secretariat of Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, UN, 2009
4428:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3378:
can hurt Indigenous peoples by hurting the ecosystems that provide them water, food. For example, the
12186:
11431:
11145:
7924:
Judgment of the Sapporo District Court, Civil Division No. 3, 27 March 1997, in (1999) 38 ILM, p. 419
4998:
3184:
3106:
2954:
2843:
2747:
2575:
2084:
2055:
1552:
1510:
in the 1990s, with Palestinians claiming Indigenous status as a pre-existing population displaced by
814:
798:
7822:
5213:
4322:
3191:
health than the general population, in advanced and developing countries alike: higher incidence of
2620:
12800:
12527:
11991:
11961:
11520:
10415:"Report of the African Commission's Working Group of Experts on Indigenous Populations/Communities"
9644:
8365:
7093:
5993:
5165:
Native America, Discovered and Conquered: Thomas Jefferson, Lewis & Clark, and Manifest Destiny
3803:
2580:
2434:
2237:
9504:
3274:
runs a campaign to stamp out media portrayals of Indigenous peoples as "primitives" or "savages".
1202:
12721:
12507:
11946:
11402:
11394:
11239:
10906:
10854:
8251:
Grote, Rainer (2006). "On the Fringes of Europe: Europe's Largely Forgotten Indigenous Peoples".
7755:
5266:
Grote, Rainer (2006). "On the Fringes of Europe: Europe's Largely Forgotten Indigenous Peoples".
2080:
2049:
1912:
1194:
854:
45:
10174:
7823:"The culturalisation of indigeneity: the Palestinian-Bedouin of the Naqab and indigenous rights"
7204:"Who Are the Yazidis, the Ancient, Persecuted Religious Minority Struggling to Survive in Iraq?"
6541:
5333:
4459:
Tuck, Eve, and K. Wayne Yang. "Decolonization is not a metaphor." Tabula Rasa 38 (2012): 61-111.
3742:
12706:
12657:
Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge (GRATK)
12305:
12236:
12102:
12037:
11891:
11635:
10983:
9822:. Columbia Contemporary American Religion Series. New York: Columbia University Press. p.
9043:
6998:"Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Egypt : Copts of Egypt"
6396:"The Cultural and Intellectual Property Interests of the Indigenous Peoples of Turkey and Iraq"
5931:
5697:"Endangered Forest, Endangered People Environmentalist Representations of Indigenous Knowledge"
3518:
3362:
3305:
3271:
3086:
3062:
3037:
2655:
2376:
2202:
2198:
2182:
1706:
1634:
1401:
746:
court case illuminated the United States' support for the principles of the discovery doctrine:
662:
645:(1769) and many others before being colonized by the French. The indigenous inhabitants of the
471:
27:
Peoples who identify as Indigenous and have a special attachment to their traditional territory
10583:
10554:
9012:
7581:
4135:
As Sir Thomas Browne remarked in 1646, (this seems to be the first usage in its modern sense).
3600:
List of active non-governmental organizations of national minorities, Indigenous and diasporas
2916:
12711:
12332:
12134:
11660:
11450:
11344:
10951:
9823:
9451:
Civilizing the Margins: Southeast Asian Government Policies for the Development of Minorities
9407:
7506:
7483:
6367:
6230:
5964:
3604:
3460:
3415:
3336:
3141:
2996:
2987:), who now control their own autonomous republics within the Russian state, and the Canadian
2386:
2190:
1710:
1576:
1556:
4380:
3342:
Many in the United States federal government are in favor of exploiting oil reserves in the
1386:. There are currently more Armenians living outside their ancestral homeland because of the
850:
821:
12681:
12392:
12281:
12144:
11880:
11812:
11797:
11705:
11535:
11418:
11170:
11140:
11135:
10973:
10968:
10961:
10868:
9860:"Helena Gualinga is a voice for Indigenous communities in the fight against climate change"
9409:
The Ethnography of Vietnam's Central Highlanders: A Historical Contextualization, 1850-1990
9370:
The Ethnography of Vietnam's Central Highlanders: A Historical Contextualization, 1850–1990
8577:
8056:
7767:
6729:
6512:"The U.S. has finally acknowledged the genocide of Armenians. What about Native Americans?"
5472:
3634:
3553:
3543:
3485:
3093:
2233:
1815:
1702:
1560:
1451:
881:
562:
531:
176:
9169:
8772:
8743:
8442:
6569:"Indigenous Arabs are descendants of the earliest split from ancient Eurasian populations"
4148:
602:
8:
12387:
12286:
12107:
11844:
11740:
11735:
11622:
11540:
11165:
10956:
7297:"Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial 'Turn': From Interpretation to Decolonization"
6395:
4353:
3619:
2953:, ownership and exploitation of natural resources, political determination and autonomy,
2772:
2762:
2381:
2150:
2024:. However, there are more ethnic groups that are considered indigenous, for example, the
1437:
1344:
in Brazil, up from 40 in 2005. With this addition Brazil has now overtaken the island of
1341:
765:
738:
710:
587:
427:
340:
Guatemalan girls in their traditional clothing from the town of Santa Catarina Palopó on
10825:
Tsing, Anna (2007). "Indigenous Voice". In Marisol de la Cadena & Orin Starn (ed.).
10644: ed.). Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. pp. 6–21.
9682:
7771:
7234:
5476:
3743:"Indigenous and Tribal People's Rights Over Their Ancestral Lands and Natural Resources"
3028:
as possible, and that the protection of indigenous cultures is vital to this enterprise.
2999:, which allows any Russian citizen to own any land in the Far Eastern region of Russia.
1229:, which was until 1999 a part of the Northwest Territories. The autonomous territory of
12771:
12761:
12362:
12327:
12271:
12112:
11720:
11680:
11675:
11580:
11525:
11470:
11155:
11050:
11003:
10946:
10899:
10734:
10449:
10393:
10358:
10114:
10106:
9625:
Health and Ethnic Minorities in Viet Nam, Technical Series No. 1, June 2003, WHO, p. 10
9608:
9266:
8946:
8625:
8600:
8489:
8268:
7850:
7791:
7724:
7585:
7577:
7487:
7479:
7424:
7326:
6601:
6568:
6415:
5645:
5606:
5495:
5460:
5283:
5219:
4796:
4788:
4638:
4434:
4328:
4311:
4270:
3816:
3714:"Indigenous Peoples and the United Nations Human Rights System, Fact Sheet No. 9/Rev.2"
3042:
3025:
2720:
2705:
2307:
2280:
2258:
1959:
1845:. It is a loose term for over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic groups, located in
1823:
1811:
1544:
1499:
1415:
1383:
1046:
885:
698:
675:
611:
10196:
10016:
9596:
9150:
9119:
7905:
7149:
7115:
5402:"Protect indigenous people's land rights and the whole world will benefit | DISD"
5109:. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. pp. 51, 55, 58, 62–65, 67, 69.
2346:
1160:
314:
They maintain and develop their ancestral environments and systems as distinct peoples
12597:
12206:
12069:
11802:
11715:
11700:
11685:
11645:
11640:
11630:
11565:
11455:
11445:
11175:
10830:
10811:
10792:
10773:
10741:
10718:
10687:
10653:
10645:
10615:
10596:
10579:
10571:
10550:
10542:
10523:
10504:
10485:
10466:
10453:
10445:
10397:
10362:
10327:
10308:
10118:
10098:
9947:
9827:
9816:
9701:
9691:
9600:
9527:
9454:
9413:
9374:
9335:
9258:
9096:
9068:
8661:
8630:
8454:
8390:
7938:
Selected papers from the Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics.
7854:
7842:
7795:
7783:
7728:
7716:
7665:
7589:
7569:
7522:
7512:
7491:
7471:
7428:
7414:
7367:
7330:
7318:
6941:"Refworld – World Directory of Minorities and indigenous Peoples – Turkey: Assyrians"
6857:
6832:
6712:
These people originate from the eastern half of the southern shores of the Black Sea.
6655:
6606:
6588:
6419:
6294:
5712:
5678:
5668:
5649:
5637:
5573:
5548:
5523:
5500:
5339:
5168:
5125:
5085:
5060:
5002:
4973:
4800:
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4642:
4563:
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4303:
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4086:
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3882:
3837:
3568:
3508:
3383:
2610:
2528:
2338:
2254:
2241:
2072:
1916:
1483:
1397:
1387:
1238:
1050:
1045:. The vast majority of them have been Arabized after the Islamic conquests under the
717:
422:
333:
parts of the country, or in certain regions of the world; and other relevant factors.
183:
in 1646, who wrote "and although in many parts thereof there be at present swarms of
12442:
9270:
6063:, 2016 Census of Population, Catalogue № 98-316-X2016001 (Ottawa: 2017‑11‑29); ———,
3089:
condemning Indonesia for treating its Indigenous peoples as the worst in the world.
2484:
2178:
1650:
12726:
12696:
12691:
12650:
12572:
12399:
12087:
11772:
11767:
11650:
11214:
11197:
11187:
11083:
10881:
IFAD and indigenous peoples (International Fund for Agricultural Development, IFAD)
10441:
10412:
10383:
10350:
10090:
9959:
9612:
9592:
9250:
8653:
8620:
8612:
8481:
8260:
7834:
7775:
7708:
7655:
7647:
7565:
7561:
7463:
7406:
7362:
7357:
7308:
6691:
6596:
6580:
6480:
6407:
5963:. Communications Branch of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. 2004. Archived from
5704:
5629:
5602:
5490:
5480:
5275:
4969:
4964:
Wagstrom, Thor (2005). "Broken Tongues and Foreign Hearts". In Brock, Peggy (ed.).
4780:
4630:
4295:
4076:
3379:
3200:
3133:
2767:
2695:
2523:
2401:
2361:
2314:
2262:
2127:
1966:
1833:
1407:
1121:
646:
567:
520:
514:
482:
386:
58:
9302:
8366:"World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Ireland : Travellers"
7838:
7712:
7467:
6348:
5084:(5th ed.). Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. pp. 38–39, 71–77, 83.
4634:
4081:
4064:
3402:, notably the fight against poverty, disease, and child mortality, in addition to
1736:. There are several different groups that make up the indigenous inhabitants, the
12634:
12073:
11807:
11753:
11725:
11665:
11600:
11555:
11495:
11229:
11224:
11202:
11130:
10858:
10681:
9768:
9570:
9195:
9176:
9157:
9126:
9050:
8779:
8415:
7912:
6997:
6774:
6743:
6374:
6355:
6307:
6072:
6055:
4536:
4470:
4225:
3912:
3523:
3320:
3078:
2366:
2330:
1895:
1691:
1673:
1594:
1515:
1433:
1317:
1280:
1172:
1005:
996:
988:
802:
530:
peoples of the Caribbean islands encountered Spanish colonizers initially led by
255:
partially by their own customs or traditions or by special laws or regulations."
38:
10484:. Oxford: Berg Publishers, Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research.
8289:. Norwegian Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development. 22 March 2019
7346:"Zionism, Imperialism, and Indigeneity in Israel/Palestine: A Critical Analysis"
6940:
5838:
3493:
2921:
2298:
1832:
word for 'lion city'. The native Malay name for the main island of Singapore is
654:
341:
162:
couple in traditional clothing. Taken in pre–World War II Japanese-ruled Taiwan.
12744:
12716:
12557:
12404:
12372:
12337:
12298:
11839:
11829:
11792:
11730:
11710:
11655:
11249:
11219:
11078:
11045:
10998:
10993:
10988:
8998:
At the Risk of Being Heard: Indigenous Rights, Identity and Postcolonial States
8485:
5804:
5122:
Discovering indigenous lands, the doctrine of discovery in the English colonies
3958:
Discovering Indigenous Lands: The Doctrine of Discovery in the English Colonies
3432:
3236:
3117:
3082:
2660:
2498:
2429:
2225:
2135:
2009:
2005:
1962:
1935:
1778:
1729:
1695:
1658:
1568:
1503:
1423:
729:
211:
10388:
10371:
10094:
9254:
8616:
8346:. United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe. 8 August 2023
7410:
7345:
5961:"Words First An Evolving Terminology Relating to Aboriginal Peoples in Canada"
5633:
5120:
Miller, Robert J.; Ruru, Jacinta; Behrendt, Larissa; Lindberg, Tracey (2010).
4784:
4299:
4238:
4121:
Dangerous Harvest: Drug Plants and the Transformation of Indigenous Landscapes
3956:
Miller, Robert J.; Ruru, Jacinta; Behrendt, Larissa; Lindberg, Tracey (2010).
2091:
2068:
783:
230:
experience of subjugation and discrimination under a dominant cultural model.
12817:
12367:
12151:
11819:
11777:
11570:
11515:
11490:
11485:
11254:
11209:
11103:
11030:
11010:
10880:
10649:
10575:
10546:
10354:
10102:
9811:
9705:
9563:
9262:
8657:
8458:
7846:
7787:
7779:
7720:
7669:
7651:
7573:
7526:
7508:
Memories of Revolt: the 1936-1939 Rebellion and the Palestinian National Past
7475:
7371:
7322:
7313:
7296:
7265:
6592:
6139:"Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada | the Canadian Encyclopedia"
5921:"In the Kawaskimhon Aboriginal Moot Court Factum of the Federal Crown Canada"
5708:
5682:
5641:
4307:
4197:
4090:
4033:
3436:
3261:
3196:
3157:
3074:
2715:
2391:
2265:. Some islands remain under administration from Paris, Washington, London or
2115:
2017:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1819:
1630:
1548:
1527:
1519:
1411:
1366:
1321:
1261:
1117:
917:
913:
725:
690:
634:
359:
180:
10657:
10226:
9761:
8917:"Archives New Zealand || The declaration of the independence of new zealand"
6565:
5485:
3431:
Indigenous knowledge is considered as very important for issues linked with
12181:
11854:
11787:
11670:
11612:
11605:
11560:
11505:
11436:
11244:
11234:
11182:
11120:
11108:
11098:
11088:
11073:
11025:
10941:
10869:"The Indigenous World" from International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
9604:
8634:
8022:
7933:
7754:
Yiftachel, Oren; Roded, Batya; Kedar, Alexandre (Sandy) (1 November 2016).
6610:
6087:"Assembly of First Nations - Assembly of First Nations-The Story"
5504:
3538:
3499:
3448:
3331:, adopted by the General Assembly in 2007, established Indigenous peoples'
3301:
3265:
3161:
2980:
2962:
2585:
2221:
2064:
2001:
1887:
1865:
1800:
1770:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1642:
1543:
in the Indian Ocean are also home to several Indigenous groups such as the
1491:
1168:
1096:
906:
853:
by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the
790:
548:
12377:
10863:
10852:
Awareness raising film by Rebecca Sommer for the Secretariat of the UNPFII
9964:
7172:
6695:
6584:
6301:
5433:"What role do indigenous people and forests have in a sustainable future?"
2306:) signed a written agreement with the British Crown in 1840, known as the
2201:
peoples (also with sub-groups). These two groups are often referred to as
1915:
does not recognize the existence of indigenous peoples, classifying every
1400:, having spread to the greater middle East and North Africa following the
597:
12276:
11782:
11590:
11575:
11550:
11480:
11150:
11125:
11115:
11093:
11020:
10631:"Implementation of the Right of Self-Determination of Indigenous Peoples"
10609:
8508:
8110:
IWGIA (2012). Briefing note. Indigenous peoples in the Russian Federation
6938:
6411:
5461:"People have shaped most of terrestrial nature for at least 12,000 years"
3513:
3347:
3282:
3278:
2950:
2276:
2217:
2213:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2013:
1997:
1951:
1622:
1615:
1572:
1473:
1325:
1222:
1105:
1085:
1042:
1001:
928:
822:
Environmental and economic benefits of the Indigenous stewardship of land
794:
685:
575:
544:
497:
455:
348:
159:
9987:"TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES PROVIDE USEFUL MODELS FOR BIODIVERSITY POLICIES"
8493:
8272:
8218:
7552:
Troen, S. Ilan (2013). "Israeli Views of the Land of Israel/Palestine".
6876:
6624:
5287:
4792:
4286:
Sanders, Douglas E. (1999). "Indigenous peoples: Issues of definition".
3220:
3077:(a conservative estimate places the violent deaths at 100,000 people in
2205:, although terms such as First Nations and First Peoples are also used.
1796:
1626:
760:
12731:
12414:
11864:
11859:
11834:
11762:
11695:
11585:
11035:
10110:
8650:
Shaping Citizenship: A Political Concept in Theory, Debate and Practice
7660:
5895:
Inuit Circumpolar Council > ICC Charter and By-laws > ICC Charter
5835:"Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas. México"
5057:
New Zealand Birth Certificates – 50 of New Zealand's Founding Documents
3834:
Indigenous Peoples of North America: A Concise Anthropological Overview
3548:
3395:
3367:
3137:
3046:
2757:
2266:
2037:
2021:
1883:
1709:, since in all likelihood Taiwan was the place of origin of the entire
1345:
1329:
1253:
1073:
977:
897:
642:
606:
556:
536:
390:
336:
280:
10612:
Indigeneity on the move: Varying manifestations of a contested concept
10047:"Indigenous peoples defend Earth's biodiversity—but they're in danger"
9722:
Centennial History of Cincinnati and Representative Citizens, Volume 1
8978:
8682:"Indigenous Australians: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People"
8599:
Jaakkola, Jouni J. K.; Juntunen, Suvi; Näkkäläjärvi, Klemetti (2018).
7696:
6879:"Reframing Indigeneity: The Case of Assyrians in Northern Mesopotamia"
6090:
3355:
3231:
Indigenous peoples have frequently been subjected to various forms of
2272:
1300:(Native Communities), particularly among Amazonian societies like the
12382:
12352:
12293:
11930:
11824:
11690:
11595:
11192:
11065:
10922:
10761:
Study of the Problem of Discrimination Against Indigenous Populations
9634:
Facts on Suicide Rates, First Nations and Inuit Health, Health Canada
8264:
8148:
6910:"Indigenous Persistence Despite Government and Religious Persecution"
5279:
5052:
3979:
3977:
3914:
Settler Colonialism, Race, and the Law: Why Structural Racism Persist
3712:
United Nations Human Rights, Office of the High Commissioner (2013).
3679:
3241:
2700:
2640:
2246:
2123:
1902:
1753:
1717:
1662:
1646:
1379:
1230:
1144:
984:
583:
410:
123:
62:
7756:"Between rights and denials: Bedouin indigeneity in the Negev/Naqab"
6196:"The World Is Changing for Greenland's Native Inuit People [
5992:. Aboriginal Infant Development Programs of BC. 2009. Archived from
4995:
May the people live: a history of Māori health development 1900–1920
4334:
1305:
53:
37:"First peoples" redirects here. For the study of human origins, see
12342:
11510:
11475:
8641:
8317:
8314:"Who are Europe's indigenous peoples and what are their struggles?"
8219:"Myanmar - IWGIA - International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs"
6801:
6679:
3452:
3297:
3192:
3153:
3145:
2600:
1943:
1829:
1774:
1684:
1666:
1436:
are indigenous to Mesopotamia. They claim descent from the ancient
1419:
1257:
1184:
1164:
1109:
486:
478:
467:
463:
393:". Ancient writers saw these people either as the ancestors of the
355:
217:(WGIP) was on 9 August 1982 and this date is now celebrated as the
9917:"Brazil's indigenous Munduruku occupy dam site, halt construction"
9446:
5853:
4001:
3974:
3316:
2111:
1025:
The indigenous peoples of North Africa predominantly comprise the
704:
574:
In 1530, the Spanish sailed south from Panama to the lands of the
12315:
12202:
Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin
11530:
11460:
10561:
10536:
6649:
4180:
Decolonizing methodologies : research and indigenous peoples
4023:. Oxford University Press, September 2016. Web. 22 November 2016.
3892:
3529:
Ecotourism § Impact on Indigenous people and Indigenous land
3351:
3293:
2992:
2730:
2229:
2131:
2103:
1993:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1479:
1441:
1348:
as the country having the largest number of uncontacted peoples.
1313:
1309:
1301:
1234:
1226:
1218:
1176:
1089:
1038:
1030:
1026:
684:
to non-Christians, to bring civilization to barbarian peoples, a
493:
448:
440:
12067:
11921:
10715:
Indigenous Peoples and the State: The struggle for Native Rights
8416:"Irish Travellers granted formal recognition as ethnic minority"
7086:"Today, the Kurds are spread across four nations. Who are they?"
4271:
Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (2009).
4239:"International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples - 9 August"
2965:
involves investigation into the ramifications of what is termed
1362:
1143:
North America is sometimes referred to by Indigenous peoples as
154:
12493:
Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic
11015:
10479:
9065:
Genocide of Indigenous Peoples: A Critical Bibliographic Review
5107:
Despotic Dominion, property Rights in British Settler Societies
4687:(4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 33.
3858:"Indigenous Peoples and the United Nations Human Rights System"
3232:
2976:
2670:
2294:
2107:
2099:
2095:
1891:
1857:
1846:
1842:
1804:
1785:
1757:
1531:
undermining others' claims and "fetishizing" nomadic cultures.
1511:
1308:. In Chile, there the most populous indigenous peoples are the
1206:
1180:
1156:
1101:
681:
527:
406:
398:
394:
389:
period acknowledge Indigenous people whom they referred to as "
8686:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders
4182:(2nd ed.). Dunedin, New Zealand: Otago University Press.
1649:
in Hokkaidō. In a ground-breaking 1997 decision involving the
1579:. They are registered and protected by the Indian government.
302:
A strong link to territories and surrounding natural resources
11926:
11545:
11055:
10520:
A Global History of Indigenous Peoples: Struggle and Survival
9331:
MACV: The Joint Command in the Years of Escalation, 1962–1967
9297:
9295:
8447:
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
8344:"Greenlanders should take pride in their indigenous identity"
6877:
Sargon George Donabed; Daniel Joseph Tower (1 January 2018).
5372:"Defending the defenders: tropical forests in the front line"
5303:"Protecting Indigenous Land Rights Makes Good Economic Sense"
4149:"Pseudodoxia Epidemica, Chap. X. Of the Blackness of Negroes"
3594:
2988:
2287:
2146:
2119:
1982:
1920:
1872:
1853:
1737:
1583:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1447:
1393:
1198:
1077:
1034:
972:
924:
444:
402:
10891:
10736:
Indigenous Peoples and Environmental Issues: An Encyclopedia
10610:
Gerharz, Eva; Nasir Uddin; Pradeep Chakkarath, eds. (2017).
9582:
9236:"Economy in Motion: Cham Muslim Traders in the Mekong Delta"
9129:. bdnews24.com (18 June 2011). Retrieved on 11 October 2011.
8598:
8534:"Europe's only recognized indigenous peoples live in Sweden"
6291:
Urarina Society, Cosmology, and History in Peruvian Amazonia
6115:. Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation. 12 May 2006.
5987:"Terminology of First Nations, Native, Aboriginal and Métis"
5220:
Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 2009
4435:
Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 2009
4329:
Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 2009
3817:
Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 2009
1586:
people constitute a small minority of the population today.
1340:
reported that it had confirmed the presence of 67 different
262:
12629:
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)
10936:
9179:. bdnews24.com (27 May 2011). Retrieved on 11 October 2011.
9160:. bdnews24.com (28 May 2011). Retrieved on 11 October 2011.
8175:"Indonesia and the Denial of Indigenous Peoples' Existence"
6261:"Reverse Colonialism - How the Inuit Conquered the Vikings"
3010:(No 2), saw the High Court of Australia reject the idea of
2250:
1760:
people, the pre-Han Chinese inhabitants of Southern China.
1645:
they were confined by the government to a reservation near
1611:
1564:
1495:
778:
669:
10137:
Section 5.7 of the APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition
9948:"Indigenous knowledge as a key to sustainable development"
9292:
7953:"Current Developments in Comparative Austronesian Studies"
7695:
Frantzman, Seth J.; Yahel, Havatzelet; Kark, Ruth (2012).
6726:
Soundscapes of Trabzon: Music, Memory, and Power in Turkey
5861:"Civilization.ca – Gateway to Aboriginal Heritage–Culture"
5701:
Indigenous Environmental Knowledge and its Transformations
5457:
5119:
4773:
Law and History Review. American Society for Legal History
4562:(4th ed.). London: Red Globe Press. pp. 188–91.
3955:
519:
Indigenous encounters with Europeans increased during the
10641:
9755:
8443:"INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THE ETHNICITY OF IRISH TRAVELLERS"
8049:"Natives in Russia's far east worry about vanishing fish"
6972:"What Is Coptic and Who Were the Copts in Ancient Egypt?"
6680:"The Pontic dialect: a corrupt version of Ancient Greek?"
6358:. BBC News (30 March 2005). Retrieved on 11 October 2011.
3375:
3224:"Savages of Mokka and Their House in Formosa", pre-1945,
2303:
891:
10757:"United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Populations"
10717:. DeKalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press.
10413:
African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (2003).
9771:. Survivalinternational.org. Retrieved on 28 March 2012.
9684:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
8797:"Māori population estimates: At 30 June 2021 | Stats NZ"
2232:
region over the course of thousands of years. European,
10372:"Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native"
6625:"Arab | Description, History, & Facts | Britannica"
6113:"Civilization.ca-Gateway to Aboriginal Heritage-object"
4410:
IWGIA - International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
3682:, nations, and the citizens or members of these groups.
3564:
Indigenous Peoples Climate Change Assessment Initiative
3323:, an indigenous environmental and human rights activist
3166:
1466:, one of the oldest Christian communities in the world.
9887:"1.5 Environmental Justice & Indigenous Struggles"
9718:
9496:"Tanzanian Maasai battle eviction from ancestral land"
7055:"Who are the Kurds, and why is Turkey attacking them?"
6827:
Crouch, Dora P. (2003). "Eastern Greco-Roman Cities".
4063:
Peters, Michael A.; Mika, Carl T. (10 November 2017).
2090:
Indigenous minority populations in Europe include the
1969:. There are also others sets of Indigenous peoples in
1879:
and were conquered by the Vietnamese in the Nam tiến.
1593:
Marina A. Temina, a native speaker and teacher of the
10772:. Needham Heights, Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.
8984:
7873:
5459:
Jens-Christian; Watson, James E. M. (27 April 2021).
4378:
4340:
4106:
4007:
3983:
3911:
Taylor Saito, Natsu (2020). "Unsettling Narratives".
3898:
3711:
2321:
2224:
peoples originally populated many of the present-day
1818:
back in the 13th century. The name "Singapore" is an
1518:. Israeli Jews have also claimed indigeneity, citing
12192:
Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador
10767:
10712:
10307:(5th. ed.). Plymouth, England: AltaMira Press.
9151:
INDIGENOUS PEOPLEChakma Raja decries non-recognition
7053:
O'Grady, Siobhán; Berger, Miriam (14 October 2019).
6510:
Morris, Glenn T.; Maghakyan, Simon (29 April 2021).
5124:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 9–12.
4610:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 15–16.
3774:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3475:
3203:
rates are higher for Indigenous peoples everywhere.
3165:
area of 1,500 km (580 sq mi). A 2019
3092:
The Vietnamese viewed and dealt with the Indigenous
2957:
and incursion, poverty, health, and discrimination.
1418:, are the Greek-speaking minorities that existed in
114:, meaning "sprung from the land, native". The Latin
30:"First nations" redirects here. For other uses, see
12617:
Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (ILO C169)
8556:"The Sámi: The People, Their Culture and Languages"
7753:
6802:"Graeco-Anatolian Contacts in the Mycenaean Period"
6231:"DNA Offers Clues to Greenland's First Inhabitants"
3989:
3625:
United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
3579:
International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples
3371:often resulted in torture, imprisonment, or death.
3130:
United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
1894:which were acquired by Vietnam from Cambodian King
1765:
invaded Siberia and conquered the indigenous people
1734:
Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory
586:(including Mexico and most of Central America) and
311:
Marginalized and discriminated against by the state
219:
International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples
10805:
10733:
10731:
9815:
9503:
9211:. Chamtoday.com. 14 September 2013. Archived from
8827:"A Brief History of New Zealand | New Zealand Now"
8474:International Journal on Minority and Group Rights
7694:
7024:"Who are the Kurds and why are they under attack?"
6856:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 183.
6775:"Greek community in Turkey fears for its survival"
5891:"Inuit Circumpolar Council (Canada) – ICC Charter"
5331:
3451:are two major groups of Indigenous populations in
3329:UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
12645:UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (UNDROP)
10786:
9749:, 435 U.S. 191 (1978); also see Robert Williams,
7454:Troen, Ilan; Troen, Carol (2019). "Indigeneity".
7399:"Invoking the Indigenous, for and against Israel"
7052:
6368:Brazil sees traces of more isolated Amazon tribes
6019:"Why we say "Indigenous" instead of "Aboriginal""
5703:. Routledge. 16 December 2003. pp. 302–327.
4682:
4065:"Aborigine, Indian, indigenous or first nations?"
3765:
2189:In Australia, the Indigenous populations are the
1856:are the Indigenous people of the former state of
1841:Dayak People are one of the Indigenous groups of
397:, or as an earlier group of people who inhabited
12815:
10888:News on indigenous peoples from around the world
10754:
10480:de la Cadena, Marisol; Orin Starn, eds. (2007).
10431:
10189:
10076:
10074:
10072:
9678:
9676:
9674:
9672:
9670:
9327:
9303:"Indonesia denies it has any indigenous peoples"
8647:
7511:. University of Arkansas Press. pp. 81–82.
7498:
6996:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for.
5797:
5662:
3239:. Indigenous peoples have been denoted as being
12551:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
12222:International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
10770:Indigenous Peoples, Ethnic Groups and the State
10590:
10498:
10460:
10159:
9399:
9360:
9062:
8012:. Nature, Volume 403, February 2000, pp. 709–10
7170:
6939:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
6542:"Arabia - Bedouin, Nomads, Tribes | Britannica"
6509:
6320:"Los 10 principales pueblos indígenas de Chile"
5572:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 2, 5–6.
5465:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
4914:
4912:
4866:
4864:
4770:
4683:Burkholder, Mark A.; Johnson, Lyman L. (2001).
4112:
2938:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
2926:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
2193:peoples (comprising many different nations and
1514:, and currently constituting a minority in the
935:
705:Settler independence and continuing colonialism
413:give varying, partially mythological accounts.
87:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
12242:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
10517:
10340:
9405:
9366:
8198:
8196:
7201:
5592:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4204:
3827:
3825:
3630:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
3409:
3398:acknowledges climate change as an obstacle to
2949:include cultural and linguistic preservation,
2143:Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989
755:
305:Distinct social, economic or political systems
199:; and are not indigenous or proper natives of
12053:
11907:
10907:
10679:
10069:
9762:Survival International website – About Us/FAQ
9725:. Biographical Publishing Company. p. 35
9667:
9334:. Government Printing Office. pp. 145–.
9198:. Himalmag.com. Retrieved on 11 October 2011.
9163:
9063:Totten, Samuel; Hitchcock, Robert K. (2011).
9037:
8023:"ANNEX III of Sino-British Joint Declaration"
7760:Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space
5665:Friction: an ethnography of global connection
5225:
5031:New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage
4518:
4472:Fifth Century B.C. Concepts of the Pelasgians
4406:"A working definition, by José Martinez Cobo"
4212:Indigenous Peoples' Rights in Southern Africa
2897:
1752:. All are nonetheless considered part of the
1722:indigenous inhabitants of the New Territories
268:The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
69:There is no generally accepted definition of
12227:National Indigenous Organization of Colombia
12217:Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism
9952:Journal of Agricultural Sciences – Sri Lanka
9412:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 29–.
9373:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 28–.
9141:. mochta.gov.bd. Retrieved on 28 March 2012.
8969:
8308:
8306:
8304:
8079:"Who are the indigenous and tribal peoples?"
7405:. Academic Studies Press. pp. 298–318.
7235:"The Yazidis - An Ancient Indigenous People"
6854:Geology and Settlement: Greco-Roman Patterns
6829:Geology and Settlement: Greco-Roman Patterns
6377:. Reuters.com. Retrieved on 11 October 2011.
4909:
4861:
4475:. Stanford University. pp. 12 & 49.
4266:
4264:
4140:
4102:
4100:
3910:
3215:
3041:Indigenous peoples march for their right to
1248:
724:. This resulted in the establishment of the
10824:
10683:The no-nonsense guide to indigenous peoples
10201:The Native American Journalists Association
10171:The Native American Journalists Association
9144:
8857:"Signing of the Treaty | Waitangi Tribunal"
8500:
8193:
6723:
6293:, Gainesville: University Press of Florida
6089:. Assembly of First Nations. Archived from
5883:
5865:Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation
5301:Veit, Peter; Ding, Helen (7 October 2016).
4608:Colonial America: A Very Short Introduction
4594:
4557:
3949:
3836:. University of Toronto Press. p. 18.
3822:
3737:
3735:
3442:
3339:without consulting Indigenous communities.
3011:
2936:In 2007, the United Nations (UN) adopted a
2130:(also referred to as Pavees or Mincérs) of
1069:Category:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
126:
116:
109:
82:Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples
12060:
12046:
11914:
11900:
10914:
10900:
10740:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
9945:
9139:Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs
8536:. Swedish Development Forum. 27 March 2018
8506:
7879:
7453:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6383:
5567:
4440:
4398:
4288:International Journal of Cultural Property
4062:
3904:
3705:
3311:
3128:In May 2016, the Fifteenth Session of the
3032:
2991:, who form a majority of the territory of
2904:
2890:
259:including determining their own identity.
12483:National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
10628:
10387:
10167:"Reporter's Indigenous Terminology Guide"
9963:
9818:New Age and Neopagan Religions in America
8773:Pygmy human remains found on rock islands
8624:
8592:
8301:
8246:
8244:
8106:
8104:
8071:
7827:The International Journal of Human Rights
7659:
7361:
7312:
7294:
7083:
6677:
6600:
5520:The rise and fall of the third chimpanzee
5494:
5484:
5079:
5023:"Crown colony era – the Governor-General"
4831:Burkholder and Johnson (2001). pp. 42-50.
4453:
4275:. New York: United Nations. pp. 4–7.
4261:
4118:
4097:
4080:
3288:
3081:since Indonesian occupation in 1963, see
1928:National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
609:soldiers and an Indigenous porter in the
485:has called the conquest of the islands a
296:Self identification as Indigenous peoples
263:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
12473:National Institute of Indigenous Peoples
12028:Indigenous peoples by geographic regions
10133:"APA Style - Racial and Ethnic Identity"
10125:
9914:
9814:(2004). "4: The 1960s Watershed Years".
9243:The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology
9067:. Transaction Publishers. pp. 5–6.
8996:Bartholomew Dean and Jerome Levi (eds.)
7396:
7266:"A Brief History of the Yazidis of Iraq"
7146:"Kurds and Kurdistan: Facts and Figures"
6831:. Oxford University Press. p. 185.
6448:
6166:"Why did Greenland's Vikings disappear?"
6163:
5300:
5231:
5104:
4963:
4813:Burkholder and Johnson (2001). pp. 34-39
4620:
4279:
3778:
3732:
3419:
3315:
3219:
3111:
3036:
2915:
2271:
2177:
2063:
1795:
1610:
1588:
1361:
1252:
1095:
1072:
983:
971:
912:Recently, it has come to light that the
759:
670:European justifications for colonization
596:
561:
551:rule. The Spanish incursions led to the
454:
335:
308:A distinct language, culture and beliefs
287:
153:
52:
12593:UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
10593:Research Methods in Indigenous Contexts
10080:
9688:State of the world's indigenous peoples
9479:
9444:
9321:
9132:
9113:
7021:
6380:
5979:
5619:
5547:(1st U.S. ed.). New York: Harper.
5517:
5234:"Are there Indigenous Peoples in Asia?"
5167:. Praeger Publications. pp. 9–10.
4966:Indigenous Peoples and Religious Change
4448:Indigenous Peoples in International Law
4285:
4273:State of the World's Indigenous Peoples
4123:. Oxford University Press. p. 13.
3781:"Are there Indigenous Peoples in Asia?"
3590:Indigenous Peoples' Day (United States)
3019:A 2009 United Nations publication says:
1898:in exchange for a Vietnamese princess.
1618:man performing a traditional Ainu dance
720:were successful by 1783, following the
215:Working Group on Indigenous Populations
14:
12816:
12463:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
10321:
10302:
9897:from the original on 26 September 2020
9884:
9857:
9655:from the original on 18 September 2011
9233:
9182:
9093:Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction
8692:from the original on 22 September 2021
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7202:Asher-Schapiro, Avi (11 August 2014).
7183:from the original on 22 September 2020
7126:from the original on 24 September 2020
6969:
6851:
6826:
6652:Preserving Dance Across Time and Space
6449:Abramian, Jackie (27 September 2021).
6393:
6145:from the original on 22 September 2020
6105:
6029:from the original on 25 September 2020
5815:from the original on 20 September 2008
5542:
5259:
5162:
4840:Burkholder and Lyman (2001). pp. 50-56
4605:
4485:
4218:UN-Dokument E/CN.4/Sub.2/AC.4/1996/2 (
4146:
3995:
3850:
3831:
3308:into their lifestyles and worldviews.
2920:The New Zealand delegation, including
2169:Category:Indigenous peoples of Oceania
1860:which was conquered by Vietnam in the
1732:from a person who was in 1898, before
1271:no one term being universally accepted
1127:The impacts of historical and ongoing
892:Indigenous peoples and the environment
768:, around the start of the 21st century
380:
12348:Lands inhabited by indigenous peoples
12247:Zapatista Army of National Liberation
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11895:
10895:
10369:
10326:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
10277:from the original on 26 November 2022
10207:from the original on 18 December 2018
10139:. Associated Press. 1 November 2019.
9946:Senanayake, S.G.J.N. (January 2006).
9927:from the original on 5 September 2021
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9453:. Singapore: NUS Press. p. 182.
9170:'Define terms minorities, indigenous'
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8507:Gouverneur, Cédric (1 January 2017).
8465:
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6781:from the original on 30 December 2021
6754:from the original on 30 December 2021
6654:. Taylor & Francis. p. 267.
6522:from the original on 21 November 2021
6330:from the original on 31 December 2021
6241:from the original on 13 December 2019
6176:from the original on 11 November 2021
5867:. Government of Canada. 12 May 2006.
5545:Sapiens: a brief history of humankind
5430:
5265:
5153:Benton and Strauman (2010). pp. 3, 12
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3615:Missing and murdered Indigenous women
3209:Native Americans in the United States
2924:members, endorses the United Nations
2060:Category:Indigenous peoples of Europe
1713:family, which spread across Oceania.
1472:are one of the Indigenous peoples of
1129:European colonization of the Americas
967:
963:Category:Indigenous peoples of Africa
876:Climate change and indigenous peoples
191:, yet were they all transported from
179:Africans. The first known use was by
10241:from the original on 18 January 2023
10017:"Martin Nakata - Indigenous Studies"
9810:
9792:from the original on 1 November 2015
9544:from the original on 22 October 2012
9520:
9120:No 'indigenous', reiterates Shafique
8957:from the original on 2 February 2018
8927:from the original on 16 January 2022
8867:from the original on 16 January 2022
8837:from the original on 16 January 2022
8807:from the original on 16 January 2022
8754:from the original on 16 October 2021
8724:from the original on 16 October 2021
8605:Current Environmental Health Reports
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8526:
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8287:"What Defines an Indigenous People?"
8207:. International Labour Organization.
8181:from the original on 17 January 2018
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7906:Recognition at last for Japan's Ainu
7882:"Sri Lanka's last indigenous people"
7880:Rathnayake, Zinara (28 March 2022).
7295:Busbridge, Rachel (1 January 2018).
7264:Grimm, Matthew (20 September 2014).
7065:from the original on 8 December 2021
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6916:. University of Iowa. Archived from
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5382:from the original on 20 October 2019
5352:from the original on 17 October 2019
5238:Cultural Survival Quarterly Magazine
5201:from the original on 20 October 2021
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4249:from the original on 19 January 2019
4210:Robert K. Hitchcock, Diana Vinding,
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3785:Cultural Survival Quarterly Magazine
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9449:. In Duncan, Christopher R. (ed.).
9108:character of some colonial actions.
9000:University of Michigan Press (2003)
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6885:. American Historical Association.
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5412:from the original on 12 August 2020
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3648:
3350:Indigenous people rely on herds of
2555:United Nations Declaration (UNDRIP)
1358:Category:Indigenous peoples of Asia
590:(including most of South America).
61:family in the hamlet of Patzutzun,
24:
12623:Convention on Biological Diversity
10700:from the original on 15 March 2023
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10143:from the original on 15 March 2023
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9991:Convention on biological diversity
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9858:FOGGIN, SOPHIE (31 January 2020).
9747:Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe
9564:Diabetes in Indigenous Populations
9426:from the original on 15 March 2023
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9348:from the original on 15 March 2023
9309:from the original on 27 March 2017
8947:"Papua New Guinea country profile"
7861:from the original on 1 August 2021
7802:from the original on 1 August 2021
7676:from the original on 1 August 2021
7615:from the original on 1 August 2021
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7533:from the original on 15 March 2023
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7397:Goldberg, Carole (14 April 2020).
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7034:from the original on 3 August 2022
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6799:
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6491:from the original on 26 April 2019
6461:from the original on 3 August 2022
6426:from the original on 15 March 2023
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3791:from the original on 22 April 2021
3103:Pays Montagnard du Sud-Indochinois
2322:Indigenous rights and other issues
2208:
1773:are an ethnic group indigenous to
1625:are an ethnic group indigenous to
1426:or displaced during the following
1211:First Nations governments or bands
1063:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
97:the rights of Indigenous peoples.
25:
12835:
12651:High Seas Treaty (BBNJ Agreement)
10845:
10027:from the original on 24 June 2021
8897:from the original on 11 July 2017
8509:"Europe's only indigenous people"
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7735:from the original on 29 July 2021
7378:from the original on 17 July 2021
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6773:Head, Jonathan (7 January 2011).
5934:. 2007. p. 2. Archived from
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1996:, indigenous peoples include the
1981:, and the rest central and south
1965:and others) who also live in the
1908:Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara
1886:are the Indigenous people of the
1791:
1600:
1382:are the Indigenous people of the
777:European settlement. However, In
773:at least 5,000 distinct peoples.
601:Depiction of a Spaniard entering
570:(which began in the 15th century)
566:Map with the main travels of the
439:In European late antiquity, many
233:
12790:
12789:
12503:Government of the Sakha Republic
12212:Indigenous Environmental Network
12093:Free, prior and informed consent
12005:
11990:
11975:
11960:
11945:
10763:. UN Commission on Human Rights.
10564:Transnational Dispute Management
10522:. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
10446:10.1111/j.1477-7053.2005.00166.x
10257:
10219:
10039:
10009:
9979:
9939:
9908:
9878:
9851:
9804:
9774:
9737:
9712:
9628:
9619:
9576:
9556:
9488:
9438:
9234:Taylor, Philip (December 2006).
9227:
9201:
9084:
9056:
9005:
8990:
8939:
8909:
8879:
8849:
8819:
8789:
8766:
8736:
8712:"First Nations Arts and Culture"
8704:
8674:
8570:
8434:
8408:
8383:
8358:
8336:
8279:
8229:from the original on 3 June 2020
8211:
8167:
8141:
8132:
8122:
8113:
8041:
8015:
7983:
7943:
7927:
7918:
7899:
7814:
7747:
7688:
7627:
7596:
7545:
7447:
7390:
7337:
7288:
7257:
7245:from the original on 3 July 2022
7226:
7195:
7164:
7138:
7108:
7077:
7046:
7015:
6989:
6963:
6932:
6901:
6870:
6845:
6820:
6793:
6766:
6736:
6717:
6671:
6643:
6617:
6559:
6534:
6503:
6473:
6442:
6361:
6342:
6312:
6283:
6253:
6222:
6210:from the original on 7 July 2019
6188:
6157:
6131:
6041:
6011:
5953:
5913:
5827:
5570:A Concise History of New Zealand
5232:McIntosh, Ian (September 2000).
4489:A Brief History of Ancient Greek
3779:McIntosh, Ian (September 2000).
3753:from the original on 1 June 2020
3685:
3559:Indigenous intellectual property
3492:
3478:
3173:
2345:
2110:(in an area also referred to as
1932:Cordillera Administrative Region
1875:(Montagnards) are indigenous to
1490:There are competing claims that
1205:. The descriptors "Indian" and "
1138:
830:
782:exception of groups such as the
12777:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
12639:Fair Access and Benefit-Sharing
12323:Dakota Access Pipeline protests
10874:
10829:. Oxford, UK: Berg Publishers.
10810:. Oxford, UK: Berg Publishers.
10791:. Oxford, UK: Berg Publishers.
10503:. Oxford, UK: Berg Publishers.
10465:. Oxford, UK: Berg Publishers.
9719:Charles Theodore Greve (1904).
8652:. Routledge. pp. 138–152.
8441:Keane, David (1 January 2005).
8089:from the original on 2 May 2019
6951:from the original on 3 May 2019
6349:Brazil urged to protect Indians
5767:
5737:
5689:
5663:Lowenhaupt Tsing, Anna (2005).
5656:
5613:
5586:
5561:
5536:
5511:
5451:
5424:
5394:
5364:
5325:
5294:
5181:
5156:
5147:
5138:
5113:
5098:
5073:
5045:
5015:
4986:
4957:
4948:
4939:
4930:
4921:
4900:
4891:
4882:
4873:
4852:
4843:
4834:
4825:
4816:
4807:
4764:
4755:
4746:
4737:
4728:
4719:
4710:
4701:
4676:
4667:
4658:
4649:
4614:
4585:
4576:
4551:
4542:
4479:
4462:
4372:
4346:
4231:
4056:
4026:
4013:
3584:National Indigenous Peoples Day
3344:Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
3180:United Nations General Assembly
3002:In Australia, a landmark case,
2149:, are generally categorized as
1777:, having a few speakers of the
1730:descended through the male line
1020:
728:as an entity separate from the
108:is derived from the Latin word
12687:2009 Peruvian political crisis
12197:Congress of Aboriginal Peoples
10539:Rivista di Diritto Industriale
9915:Branford, Sue (19 July 2017).
9645:"Health of indigenous peoples"
9502:. 18 June 2022. Archived from
8717:Australia Council for the Arts
7634:Pappe, Ilan (1 January 2018).
7582:10.2979/israelstudies.18.2.100
7566:10.2979/israelstudies.18.2.100
6267:. 27 July 2015. Archived from
6229:Wade, Nicholas (30 May 2008).
5667:. Princeton University Press.
5335:Climate Benefits, Tenure Costs
5082:A Concise History of Australia
4725:Shillington (2019). pp. 350-52
4673:Shillington (2019). pp. 343-46
4591:Shillington (2019). pp. 194-95
4469:Abel, V. Lynne Snyder (1966).
4412:. 9 April 2011. Archived from
4379:Amnesty International (2023).
3875:
3534:Genocide of Indigenous peoples
2279:from the central highlands of
1987:Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act
1726:Sino-British Joint Declaration
555:and its fall. The Cempoalans,
363:ontologies, and cosmologies".
149:
32:First nations (disambiguation)
13:
1:
12518:Council of Indigenous Peoples
10921:
10768:Maybury-Lewis, David (1997).
10713:Howard, Bradley Reed (2003).
9597:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68849-1
8887:"Declaration of Independence"
8580:. Finnish Ministry of Justice
7839:10.1080/13642987.2019.1609454
7713:10.2979/israelstudies.17.1.78
7484:10.2979/israelstudies.24.2.02
7468:10.2979/israelstudies.24.2.02
7301:Theory, Culture & Society
5568:Mein Smith, Philippa (2012).
5431:Birch, Sharon (11 May 2015).
5189:"Who are indigenous peoples?"
4635:10.1080/17532523.2017.1336863
4214:, IWGIA, 2004, p. 8 based on
4178:Smith, Linda Tuhiwai (2012).
4082:10.1080/00131857.2017.1279879
3960:. OUP Oxford. pp. 9–13.
3698:
3390:with the help of Greenpeace.
3386:are opposing the building of
2163:Indigenous peoples of Oceania
2085:lived in Europe for millennia
1607:Indigenous peoples of Siberia
1582:In Sri Lanka, the Indigenous
1534:
1100:A girl wears the traditional
1056:
543:In the 1520s, the peoples of
274:
170:
12702:Expulsion of the Chagossians
10614:. New York: Berghahn Books.
10376:Journal of Genocide Research
9690:. New York: United Nations.
8861:www.waitangitribunal.govt.nz
7993:"Taiwan's gift to the world"
7403:Swimming against the Current
7363:10.46743/1082-7307/2018.1442
6976:Biblical Archaeology Society
6326:(in Spanish). 24 June 2021.
5837:. Cdi.gob.mx. Archived from
4879:Taylor (2013). pp. 51-76, 80
4870:Taylor (2013). pp. 35-38, 83
4707:Pagden (2001). pp. 59-60, 93
4524:Dionysius of Halicarnassus.
3574:Intangible cultural heritage
3404:environmental sustainability
3400:Millennium Development Goals
3098:Central Highlands of Vietnam
2985:Indigenous peoples of Russia
2173:
2156:
2118:of northern Russia, and the
1942:. The Indigenous peoples of
1767:in the 17th–18th centuries.
1508:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
1373:
1332:indigenous people in Chile.
1312:in the Center-South and the
1191:Indigenous peoples in Canada
957:Indigenous peoples of Africa
936:Indigenous peoples by region
553:conquest of the Aztec Empire
100:
7:
12498:Government of Bashkortostan
12363:American Indian reservation
12232:Native American Rights Fund
10827:Indigenous Experience today
10808:Indigenous Experience today
10789:Indigenous Experience today
10732:Johansen. Bruce E. (2003).
10629:Henriksen, John B. (2001).
10501:Indigenous Experience today
10482:Indigenous Experience Today
10463:Indigenous Experience today
10235:US Bureau of Indian Affairs
9885:Fisher, Matthew R. (2017),
8744:"Australia's First Peoples"
8578:"Rights of the Sámi People"
7233:Evans, K.R. (6 June 2017).
6804:. University of Innsbruck.
6724:Michailidis, Nikos (2016).
4716:Shillington (2019). p. 350.
4558:Shillington, Kevin (2019).
4147:Browne, Sir Thomas (1646).
4038:Online Etymology Dictionary
3863:. United Nations. p. 2
3471:
3410:Use of indigenous knowledge
3333:right to self-determination
3152:The Indigenous people from
3116:Indigenous protesters from
2560:GRATK Anti-Biopiracy Treaty
1938:in the Philippines are the
1930:. The Indigenous people of
1877:Central Highlands (Vietnam)
1571:Island and the uncontacted
1541:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1506:. The argument entered the
1225:(in Northern Labrador) and
950:
756:Population and distribution
508:
318:
158:Colorized photograph of an
139:is an extended form of the
10:
12840:
12453:Fundação Nacional do Índio
11283:Countries by ethnic groups
11278:Contemporary ethnic groups
10296:
10265:"FAQ Item: Capitalization"
9095:. Routledge. p. 224.
8985:UNHR Fact Sheet No. 9 2013
8486:10.1163/157181105774740589
8253:American Indian Law Review
7350:Peace and Conflict Studies
7344:Ukashi, Ran (1 May 2018).
6684:Journal of Refugee Studies
5518:Diamond, Jared M. (1991).
5268:American Indian Law Review
5163:Miller, Robert J. (2006).
5080:Macintyre, Stuart (2020).
4582:Shillington (2019). p. 202
4341:UNHR Fact Sheet No. 9 2013
4107:UNHR Fact Sheet No. 9 2013
4008:UNHR Fact Sheet No. 9 2013
3984:UNHR Fact Sheet No. 9 2013
3899:UNHR Fact Sheet No. 9 2013
3832:Muckle, Robert J. (2012).
3610:List of Indigenous peoples
3413:
3226:Taiwan under Japanese rule
3056:human rights organizations
2412:Governmental organizations
2166:
2160:
2053:
2047:
1828:which is derived from the
1639:Menashi–Kunashir Rebellion
1604:
1355:
1066:
1060:
960:
954:
942:List of Indigenous peoples
939:
905:heterogeneity, increasing
873:
722:American Revolutionary War
708:
673:
627:
512:
415:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
375:
43:
36:
29:
12785:
12669:
12606:
12581:
12538:
12430:
12423:
12264:
12187:Assembly of First Nations
12172:
12080:
12024:
11937:
11873:
11749:
11621:
11429:
11263:
11064:
10929:
10755:Martinez Cobo, J. (198).
10434:Government and Opposition
10389:10.1080/14623520601056240
10023:. James Cook University.
9862:. Latin America reports.
9535:World Health Organization
9328:Graham A. Cosmas (2006).
9255:10.1080/14442210600965174
8831:www.newzealandnow.govt.nz
8617:10.1007/s40572-018-0211-2
8558:. Council of Europe. 2015
8203:Errico, Stefania (2017).
7411:10.1515/9781644693087-019
6400:Texas Wesleyan Law Review
6394:Travis, Hannibal (2009).
6204:oceanwide-expeditions.com
5634:10.1007/s10745-006-9075-4
5543:Harari, Yuval N. (2015).
5307:World Resources Institute
5059:. AUT Media. p. 66.
4999:Auckland University Press
4970:Brill Academic Publishers
4945:Pagden (2001). pp. 129-31
4927:Pagden (2001). pp. 120-26
4897:Taylor (2013). pp. 43, 76
4785:10.1017/S0738248009990022
4734:Pagden (2001). pp. 108-11
4623:African Historical Review
4492:. John Wiley & Sons.
4300:10.1017/s0940739199770591
4224:14 September 2016 at the
3216:Racism and discrimination
3185:World Health Organization
3107:environmental degradation
2955:environmental degradation
2748:Indigenous decolonization
2568:NGOs and political groups
2056:Genetic history of Europe
2043:
1687:are indigenous to Tibet.
1404:in 7th and 8th centuries.
1328:people, are the only non-
1249:Central and South America
845:toward certain viewpoints
815:transformation of culture
718:British American colonies
434:
224:
210:The first meeting of the
195:, since the discovery of
12677:Chechen–Russian conflict
12528:Bureau of Indian Affairs
10864:"First Peoples" from PBS
10591:Groh, Arnold A. (2018).
10355:10.1177/0032329221999906
10322:Pagden, Anthony (2001).
10303:Bodley, John H. (2008).
9445:McElwee, Pamela (2008).
9175:18 November 2011 at the
9049:15 February 2010 at the
8778:28 December 2016 at the
8658:10.4324/9781315186214-11
7780:10.1177/0308518X16653404
7652:10.1215/00382876-4282082
7640:South Atlantic Quarterly
7505:Ted, Swedenburg (2003).
7314:10.1177/0263276416688544
6852:Crouch, Dora P. (2004).
6373:17 November 2017 at the
6354:17 November 2017 at the
6071:12 December 2019 at the
6054:15 December 2022 at the
5709:10.4324/9780203479568-18
5360:– via www.wri.org.
4936:Pagden (2001). pp. 30-31
4888:Pagden (2002). pp. 95-96
4849:Taylor (2013). pp. 28-30
4761:Pagden (2002). pp. 72-73
4752:Padgen (2001). pp. 84-85
4743:Pagden (2001). pp. 91-95
4655:Pagden (2001). pp. 58-59
4535:15 December 2022 at the
4019:"indigene, adj. and n."
3641:
3447:The Western and Eastern
3443:Knowledge reconstruction
2581:Amazon Conservation Team
1440:, and lived in what was
726:United States of America
462:presenting the captured
460:Alonso Fernández de Lugo
12722:Little Danes experiment
12508:Government of Tatarstan
12175:political organizations
11395:Torres Strait Islanders
11240:Ethnopsychopharmacology
10984:In-group and out-groups
10886:IPS Inter Press Service
10518:Coates, Ken S. (2004).
10370:Wolfe, Patrick (2006).
10095:10.1023/A:1021983819369
9406:Oscar Salemink (2003).
9367:Oscar Salemink (2003).
8391:"Travellers in Ireland"
7940:Taipei: Academia Sinica
7911:8 November 2017 at the
6883:Perspectives on History
6744:"Rediscovering Romeyka"
6485:Encyclopedia Britannica
6289:Dean, Bartholomew 2009
5486:10.1073/pnas.2023483118
4993:Lange, Raeburn (1999).
4906:Taylor (2013). p. 17-18
3437:Professor Martin Nakata
3363:industrial agricultural
3312:Environmental injustice
3033:Human rights violations
2050:Ethnic groups in Europe
1351:
1260:woman and child in the
976:Starting fire by hand,
624:and hunting practices.
93:and natural resources.
46:Native American studies
12707:High Arctic relocation
12609:Declarations of Rights
12306:Cultural appropriation
12237:Survival International
11636:Cultural appropriation
10680:Hughes, Lotte (2003).
10595:. New York: Springer.
10343:Politics & Society
9189:Disregarding the Jumma
6710:– via Academia.
5932:University of Manitoba
5897:. 2007. Archived from
4972:. pp. 71 and 73.
4685:Colonial Latin America
3519:Cultural appropriation
3428:
3324:
3289:Cultural appropriation
3272:Survival International
3228:
3178:In December 1993, the
3125:
3122:indigenous territories
3087:Survival International
3063:Chittagong Hill Tracts
3050:
3030:
3012:
2929:
2656:Survival International
2537:International Treaties
2283:
2203:Indigenous Australians
2199:Torres Strait Islander
2186:
2076:
1807:
1707:historical linguistics
1694:are indigenous to the
1661:are indigenous to the
1619:
1597:
1524:historical connections
1396:are indigenous to the
1370:
1265:
1221:(in Northern Quebec),
1113:
1093:
992:
981:
769:
753:
663:Aboriginal inhabitants
616:
571:
474:
472:Ferdinand and Isabella
344:
330:
252:
163:
127:
117:
110:
66:
12712:Human rights in Tibet
12439:Aotearoa-New Zealand
12333:Fortress conservation
12135:Traditional knowledge
12098:Intellectual property
11661:Ethnic interest group
11501:Ethnicity in censuses
11451:Cultural assimilation
10952:Ethnolinguistic group
10427:on 26 September 2007.
10197:"NAJA AP Style Guide"
9965:10.4038/jas.v2i1.8117
9891:Environmental Biology
9569:10 March 2012 at the
9156:19 March 2012 at the
9125:19 March 2012 at the
8513:Le Monde Diplomatique
8395:Minority Rights Group
7171:atlasofhumanity.com.
6585:10.1101/gr.191478.115
6023:Indigenous Innovation
5144:McNeil (2016). p. 707
4606:Taylor, Alan (2013).
4385:Amnesty International
4153:University of Chicago
3676:Autochthonous peoples
3605:List of ethnic groups
3461:traditional knowledge
3423:
3416:Traditional knowledge
3337:extractive industries
3319:
3223:
3120:, one of the largest
3115:
3040:
3021:
2997:Russian Homestead Act
2963:anthropological study
2919:
2387:Traditional knowledge
2372:Intellectual property
2275:
2191:Aboriginal Australian
2183:Aboriginal Australian
2181:
2067:
1913:Indonesian government
1799:
1711:Austronesian language
1705:have significance in
1614:
1605:Further information:
1592:
1577:North Sentinel Island
1561:South Andaman Islands
1454:group, indigenous to
1365:
1256:
1099:
1076:
987:
975:
763:
748:
600:
565:
458:
385:Greek sources of the
339:
325:
288:Amnesty International
247:
157:
135:"to beget, produce".
56:
12736:Residential schools
12682:Sri Lankan Civil War
12424:Legal representation
12393:Urban Indian reserve
12282:Internal colonialism
12173:Non-governmental and
12128:in the United States
11881:Minzu (anthropology)
11850:Separatist movements
11706:Ethnographic village
11536:Legendary progenitor
11171:Transidioethnography
10974:Hyphenated ethnicity
10969:Ethnographic realism
10962:Ethnoreligious group
10857:27 July 2013 at the
10640:. Vol. 3/2001 (
10541:(2, part I): 21–47.
9751:Like a Loaded Weapon
9649:Health Topics A to Z
9280:on 23 September 2015
9194:19 June 2011 at the
9091:Jones, Adam (2010).
8921:www.archives.govt.nz
8320:. 8 September 2019.
8057:Agence France-Presse
7116:"Who Are the Kurds?"
6730:Princeton University
6412:10.2139/ssrn.1549804
6306:17 July 2011 at the
4918:Taylor (2013). p. 20
4858:Taylor (2013). p. 33
4822:Taylor (2013). p. 17
4664:Pagden (2001). p. 93
4381:"Indigenous Peoples"
4354:"Indigenous Peoples"
3635:Virgin soil epidemic
3554:Indigenous Futurisms
3544:The Image Expedition
3486:Civilizations portal
3361:The introduction of
2397:Water and sanitation
2094:peoples of northern
1862:Cham–Vietnamese wars
1816:Kingdom of Singapura
1703:Taiwanese aborigines
882:carbon sequestration
742:. Statements at the
532:Christopher Columbus
12287:Settler colonialism
11741:Multinational state
11736:Model minority myth
11623:Multiethnic society
11541:Linguistic homeland
10957:Ethnonational group
10324:Peoples and Empires
10305:Victims of Progress
10177:on 16 November 2018
10057:on 21 February 2021
9767:19 May 2017 at the
9562:Hanley, Anthony J.
9508:on 10 December 2022
9215:on 22 February 2014
9013:"Mabo v Queensland"
7772:2016EnPlA..48.2129Y
7208:National Geographic
7152:on 25 February 2021
7122:. 31 October 2017.
7090:National Geographic
7059:The Washington Post
6696:10.1093/jrs/4.4.335
6516:The Washington Post
6481:"Armenian (people)"
6271:on 29 December 2019
6265:Canadian Geographic
6047:Statistics Canada,
5967:on 14 December 2007
5841:on 15 November 2004
5755:on 25 December 2019
5477:2021PNAS..11823483E
4954:King (2003). p. 122
4034:"indigenous (adj.)"
3620:Uncontacted peoples
3302:spiritual practices
2773:Uncontacted peoples
2763:Settler colonialism
2151:national minorities
1724:are defined in the
1635:Shakushain's Revolt
1438:Neo-Assyrian Empire
1428:population exchange
1342:uncontacted peoples
1298:Comunidades Nativas
851:improve the article
766:uncontacted peoples
739:Johnson v. McIntosh
711:Settler colonialism
694:("no one's land").
428:classical antiquity
381:Classical antiquity
141:Proto-Indo-European
12824:Indigenous peoples
12772:Stolen Generations
12573:BBNJ ABS Committee
12328:Discovery doctrine
12272:Civilizing mission
12113:Self-determination
11923:Indigenous peoples
11721:Middleman minority
11681:Ethnic pornography
11676:Ethnic nationalism
11581:Pantribal sodality
11526:Imagined community
11051:Symbolic ethnicity
10979:Indigenous peoples
10947:Ethnographic group
10638:Indigenous Affairs
9993:. United Nations.
8177:. 17 August 2013.
8059:. 25 February 2009
8053:The Economic Times
7989:Diamond, Jared M.
7965:on 12 October 2006
6629:www.britannica.com
6546:www.britannica.com
6235:The New York Times
4416:on 26 October 2019
3672:Indigenous Natives
3664:Aboriginal peoples
3429:
3325:
3229:
3126:
3051:
3043:self-determination
3026:cultural diversity
2933:in Latin America.
2930:
2721:Discovery doctrine
2706:Civilizing mission
2524:BBNJ ABS Committee
2313:A majority of the
2308:Treaty of Waitangi
2284:
2281:western New Guinea
2187:
2077:
1822:of the Malay name
1812:Malay Singaporeans
1808:
1676:are indigenous to
1620:
1598:
1500:historic Palestine
1498:are indigenous to
1482:are indigenous to
1416:Cappadocian Greeks
1384:Armenian Highlands
1371:
1266:
1235:Kingdom of Denmark
1214:British Columbia.
1133:population decline
1114:
1094:
993:
982:
968:Sub-Saharan Africa
886:ecosystem services
770:
699:discovery doctrine
676:Discovery doctrine
617:
612:Lienzo de Tlaxcala
572:
475:
345:
187:serving under the
164:
71:Indigenous peoples
67:
12811:
12810:
12796:Indigenous rights
12665:
12664:
12598:Indigenous Caucus
12539:Intergovernmental
12388:Russian republics
12358:Autonomous okrugs
12207:Cultural Survival
12035:
12034:
12019:
12018:
11889:
11888:
11803:Ethnic stereotype
11716:Indigenous rights
11701:Ethnographic film
11686:Ethnic theme park
11646:Dominant minority
11641:Diaspora politics
11631:Consociationalism
11566:National language
11456:Cultural identity
11446:Cross-race effect
11390:Aboriginal groups
10836:978-1-84520-519-5
10817:978-1-84520-519-5
10798:978-1-84520-519-5
10779:978-0-205-19816-0
10747:978-0-313-32398-0
10724:978-0-87580-290-9
10693:978-1-85984-438-0
10621:978-1-78533-723-9
10602:978-3-319-72774-5
10529:978-0-333-92150-0
10510:978-1-84520-519-5
10491:978-1-84520-519-5
10472:978-1-84520-519-5
10314:978-0-7591-1148-6
10227:"Editorial Guide"
9833:978-0-231-50838-4
9697:978-92-1-130283-7
9591:(9526): 1937–46.
9460:978-9971-69-418-0
9419:978-0-8248-2579-9
9380:978-0-8248-2579-9
9341:978-0-16-072367-4
9102:978-1-136-93797-2
9074:978-1-4128-4455-0
8891:nzhistory.govt.nz
8801:www.stats.govt.nz
7833:(10): 1569–1593.
7766:(11): 2129–2161.
7420:978-1-64469-308-7
7214:on 10 August 2022
7177:Atlas Of Humanity
6920:on 24 August 2022
6908:Kelley, Katelyn.
6631:. 27 October 2023
6299:978-0-8130-3378-5
5529:978-0-09-174268-3
5345:978-1-56973-894-8
5174:978-0-275-99011-4
5091:978-1-108-72848-5
5008:978-1-86940-214-3
4979:978-90-04-13899-5
4569:978-1-137-50403-6
4560:History of Africa
4526:Roman Antiquities
4499:978-1-118-61072-5
4189:978-1-877578-28-1
4130:978-0-19-514319-5
4075:(13): 1229–1234.
3967:978-0-19-957981-5
3927:978-0-8147-0802-6
3887:978-81-7910-252-7
3843:978-1-4426-0416-2
3569:Indigenous rights
3509:Collective rights
3384:Amazon rainforest
2914:
2913:
2768:Truth commissions
2696:Aboriginal titles
2611:Cultural Survival
2529:Indigenous Caucus
2339:Indigenous rights
2255:Northern Marianas
2228:countries in the
2106:and northwestern
1917:Native Indonesian
1701:The languages of
1512:Jewish settlement
1492:Palestinian Arabs
1484:Upper Mesopotamia
1458:and parts of the
1398:Arabian Peninsula
1388:Armenian genocide
1369:girls in Pakistan
1239:Greenlandic Norse
1080:on a traditional
1014:Indigenous people
872:
871:
419:Roman Antiquities
181:Sir Thomas Browne
16:(Redirected from
12831:
12793:
12792:
12727:Mapuche conflict
12697:Chiapas conflict
12692:Alta controversy
12670:Historical cases
12428:
12427:
12410:Rainbow Warriors
12400:Manifest destiny
12088:Ancestral domain
12062:
12055:
12048:
12039:
12038:
12009:
11994:
11979:
11964:
11949:
11940:
11939:
11916:
11909:
11902:
11893:
11892:
11773:Ethnic cleansing
11768:Ethnic bioweapon
11651:Ethnic democracy
11265:Groups by region
11215:Ethnomethodology
11198:Ethnomathematics
11188:Ethnolinguistics
11084:Ethnoarchaeology
10916:
10909:
10902:
10893:
10892:
10840:
10821:
10802:
10783:
10764:
10751:
10739:
10728:
10709:
10707:
10705:
10676:
10674:
10672:
10666:
10660:. Archived from
10635:
10625:
10606:
10587:
10558:
10533:
10514:
10495:
10476:
10457:
10428:
10426:
10419:
10401:
10391:
10366:
10337:
10318:
10290:
10289:
10284:
10282:
10261:
10255:
10254:
10248:
10246:
10223:
10217:
10216:
10214:
10212:
10193:
10187:
10186:
10184:
10182:
10173:. Archived from
10163:
10157:
10156:
10150:
10148:
10129:
10123:
10122:
10078:
10067:
10066:
10064:
10062:
10043:
10037:
10036:
10034:
10032:
10013:
10007:
10006:
10004:
10002:
9983:
9977:
9976:
9974:
9972:
9967:
9943:
9937:
9936:
9934:
9932:
9912:
9906:
9905:
9904:
9902:
9882:
9876:
9875:
9873:
9871:
9855:
9849:
9848:
9842:
9840:
9821:
9808:
9802:
9801:
9799:
9797:
9778:
9772:
9759:
9753:
9741:
9735:
9734:
9732:
9730:
9716:
9710:
9709:
9680:
9665:
9664:
9662:
9660:
9641:
9635:
9632:
9626:
9623:
9617:
9616:
9580:
9574:
9573:, Medscape Today
9560:
9554:
9553:
9551:
9549:
9543:
9532:
9524:
9518:
9517:
9515:
9513:
9507:
9492:
9486:
9483:
9477:
9476:
9474:
9472:
9442:
9436:
9435:
9433:
9431:
9403:
9397:
9396:
9394:
9392:
9364:
9358:
9357:
9355:
9353:
9325:
9319:
9318:
9316:
9314:
9299:
9290:
9289:
9287:
9285:
9279:
9273:. Archived from
9240:
9231:
9225:
9224:
9222:
9220:
9205:
9199:
9186:
9180:
9167:
9161:
9148:
9142:
9136:
9130:
9117:
9111:
9110:
9088:
9082:
9081:
9060:
9054:
9041:
9035:
9034:
9032:
9030:
9024:
9017:
9009:
9003:
8994:
8988:
8987:, pp. 4, 8.
8982:
8976:
8973:
8967:
8966:
8964:
8962:
8943:
8937:
8936:
8934:
8932:
8913:
8907:
8906:
8904:
8902:
8883:
8877:
8876:
8874:
8872:
8853:
8847:
8846:
8844:
8842:
8823:
8817:
8816:
8814:
8812:
8793:
8787:
8786:, 12 March 2008.
8770:
8764:
8763:
8761:
8759:
8750:. 30 June 2021.
8740:
8734:
8733:
8731:
8729:
8708:
8702:
8701:
8699:
8697:
8688:. 12 July 2020.
8678:
8672:
8671:
8645:
8639:
8638:
8628:
8596:
8590:
8589:
8587:
8585:
8574:
8568:
8567:
8565:
8563:
8552:
8546:
8545:
8543:
8541:
8530:
8524:
8523:
8521:
8519:
8504:
8498:
8497:
8480:(2/3): 245–267.
8469:
8463:
8462:
8438:
8432:
8431:
8429:
8427:
8412:
8406:
8405:
8403:
8401:
8387:
8381:
8380:
8378:
8376:
8362:
8356:
8355:
8353:
8351:
8340:
8334:
8333:
8331:
8329:
8310:
8299:
8298:
8296:
8294:
8283:
8277:
8276:
8265:10.2307/20070794
8248:
8239:
8238:
8236:
8234:
8215:
8209:
8208:
8200:
8191:
8190:
8188:
8186:
8171:
8165:
8164:
8162:
8160:
8145:
8139:
8136:
8130:
8126:
8120:
8117:
8111:
8108:
8099:
8098:
8096:
8094:
8085:. 22 July 2016.
8075:
8069:
8068:
8066:
8064:
8045:
8039:
8038:
8036:
8034:
8019:
8013:
8010:
8006:
8005:on 17 June 2009.
8004:
7998:. Archived from
7997:
7987:
7981:
7978:
7974:
7972:
7970:
7964:
7958:. Archived from
7957:
7947:
7941:
7931:
7925:
7922:
7916:
7903:
7897:
7896:
7894:
7892:
7877:
7871:
7870:
7868:
7866:
7818:
7812:
7811:
7809:
7807:
7751:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7740:
7692:
7686:
7685:
7683:
7681:
7663:
7631:
7625:
7624:
7622:
7620:
7603:Kattan, Victor.
7600:
7594:
7593:
7549:
7543:
7542:
7540:
7538:
7502:
7496:
7495:
7451:
7445:
7444:
7442:
7440:
7394:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7383:
7365:
7341:
7335:
7334:
7316:
7292:
7286:
7285:
7283:
7281:
7261:
7255:
7254:
7252:
7250:
7230:
7224:
7223:
7221:
7219:
7210:. Archived from
7199:
7193:
7192:
7190:
7188:
7168:
7162:
7161:
7159:
7157:
7148:. Archived from
7142:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7131:
7112:
7106:
7105:
7103:
7101:
7096:on 3 August 2022
7092:. Archived from
7081:
7075:
7074:
7072:
7070:
7050:
7044:
7043:
7041:
7039:
7019:
7013:
7012:
7010:
7008:
6993:
6987:
6986:
6984:
6982:
6967:
6961:
6960:
6958:
6956:
6936:
6930:
6929:
6927:
6925:
6905:
6899:
6898:
6896:
6894:
6874:
6868:
6867:
6849:
6843:
6842:
6824:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6813:
6797:
6791:
6790:
6788:
6786:
6770:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6759:
6740:
6734:
6733:
6721:
6715:
6714:
6709:
6707:
6675:
6669:
6668:
6647:
6641:
6640:
6638:
6636:
6621:
6615:
6614:
6604:
6563:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6552:
6538:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6527:
6507:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6496:
6477:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6466:
6446:
6440:
6439:
6433:
6431:
6391:
6378:
6365:
6359:
6346:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6316:
6310:
6287:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6257:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6246:
6226:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6215:
6192:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6181:
6161:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6150:
6135:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6109:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6098:
6093:on 2 August 2009
6083:
6077:
6045:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6004:
5998:
5991:
5983:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5972:
5957:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5941:on 26 March 2009
5940:
5925:
5917:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5906:
5887:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5857:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5846:
5831:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5805:"John P. Schmal"
5801:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5781:. Archived from
5771:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5760:
5751:. Archived from
5741:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5693:
5687:
5686:
5660:
5654:
5653:
5617:
5611:
5610:
5590:
5584:
5583:
5565:
5559:
5558:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5515:
5509:
5508:
5498:
5488:
5455:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5428:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5398:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5368:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5329:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5280:10.2307/20070794
5263:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5249:
5229:
5223:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5200:
5193:
5185:
5179:
5178:
5160:
5154:
5151:
5145:
5142:
5136:
5135:
5117:
5111:
5110:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5077:
5071:
5070:
5066:978-0-95829971-8
5049:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5038:
5019:
5013:
5012:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4961:
4955:
4952:
4946:
4943:
4937:
4934:
4928:
4925:
4919:
4916:
4907:
4904:
4898:
4895:
4889:
4886:
4880:
4877:
4871:
4868:
4859:
4856:
4850:
4847:
4841:
4838:
4832:
4829:
4823:
4820:
4814:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4768:
4762:
4759:
4753:
4750:
4744:
4741:
4735:
4732:
4726:
4723:
4717:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4680:
4674:
4671:
4665:
4662:
4656:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4603:
4592:
4589:
4583:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4555:
4549:
4546:
4540:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4483:
4477:
4476:
4466:
4460:
4457:
4451:
4446:S. James Anaya,
4444:
4438:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4350:
4344:
4338:
4332:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4268:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4235:
4229:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4116:
4110:
4104:
4095:
4094:
4084:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4030:
4024:
4017:
4011:
4005:
3999:
3993:
3987:
3981:
3972:
3971:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3939:
3919:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3890:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3862:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3829:
3820:
3814:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3776:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3739:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3709:
3692:
3689:
3683:
3652:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3380:Munduruku people
3374:The building of
3201:infant mortality
3015:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2880:
2834:Papua New Guinea
2362:Ancestral domain
2349:
2326:
2325:
2315:Papua New Guinea
2263:Marshall Islands
2040:, among others.
1967:Sulu archipelago
1674:Sarikoli Pamiris
1410:, including the
1408:Anatolian Greeks
1402:Muslim conquests
1296:, and, in Peru,
1122:Tierra del Fuego
867:
864:
858:
834:
833:
826:
734:US Supreme Court
647:Hawaiian Islands
568:Age of Discovery
521:age of discovery
515:Age of Discovery
483:Mohamed Adhikari
130:
122:is based on the
120:
113:
21:
12839:
12838:
12834:
12833:
12832:
12830:
12829:
12828:
12814:
12813:
12812:
12807:
12802:Minority rights
12781:
12767:San controversy
12661:
12635:Nagoya Protocol
12608:
12602:
12585:
12583:
12577:
12540:
12534:
12432:
12419:
12260:
12174:
12168:
12076:
12074:minority rights
12066:
12036:
12031:
12020:
12015:
12010:
12000:
11995:
11985:
11980:
11970:
11965:
11955:
11950:
11933:
11920:
11890:
11885:
11869:
11808:Ethnic violence
11756:
11754:ethnic conflict
11752:
11745:
11726:Minority rights
11666:Ethnic majority
11617:
11601:Detribalization
11556:Nation-building
11496:Ethnic religion
11439:
11435:
11425:
11332:Central America
11259:
11230:Ethnophilosophy
11225:Ethnomusicology
11203:Ethnostatistics
11161:Person-centered
11131:Autoethnography
11060:
10925:
10920:
10877:
10859:Wayback Machine
10848:
10843:
10837:
10818:
10799:
10780:
10748:
10725:
10703:
10701:
10694:
10670:
10668:
10664:
10633:
10622:
10603:
10530:
10511:
10492:
10473:
10424:
10417:
10408:
10406:Further reading
10334:
10315:
10299:
10294:
10293:
10280:
10278:
10263:
10262:
10258:
10244:
10242:
10225:
10224:
10220:
10210:
10208:
10195:
10194:
10190:
10180:
10178:
10165:
10164:
10160:
10146:
10144:
10131:
10130:
10126:
10079:
10070:
10060:
10058:
10045:
10044:
10040:
10030:
10028:
10015:
10014:
10010:
10000:
9998:
9985:
9984:
9980:
9970:
9968:
9944:
9940:
9930:
9928:
9913:
9909:
9900:
9898:
9883:
9879:
9869:
9867:
9856:
9852:
9838:
9836:
9834:
9809:
9805:
9795:
9793:
9788:. 5 June 2015.
9780:
9779:
9775:
9769:Wayback Machine
9760:
9756:
9742:
9738:
9728:
9726:
9717:
9713:
9698:
9681:
9668:
9658:
9656:
9643:
9642:
9638:
9633:
9629:
9624:
9620:
9581:
9577:
9571:Wayback Machine
9561:
9557:
9547:
9545:
9541:
9530:
9526:
9525:
9521:
9511:
9509:
9500:Financial Times
9494:
9493:
9489:
9484:
9480:
9470:
9468:
9461:
9443:
9439:
9429:
9427:
9420:
9404:
9400:
9390:
9388:
9381:
9365:
9361:
9351:
9349:
9342:
9326:
9322:
9312:
9310:
9301:
9300:
9293:
9283:
9281:
9277:
9238:
9232:
9228:
9218:
9216:
9207:
9206:
9202:
9196:Wayback Machine
9187:
9183:
9177:Wayback Machine
9168:
9164:
9158:Wayback Machine
9149:
9145:
9137:
9133:
9127:Wayback Machine
9118:
9114:
9103:
9089:
9085:
9075:
9061:
9057:
9051:Wayback Machine
9042:
9038:
9028:
9026:
9022:
9015:
9011:
9010:
9006:
8995:
8991:
8983:
8979:
8974:
8970:
8960:
8958:
8945:
8944:
8940:
8930:
8928:
8915:
8914:
8910:
8900:
8898:
8885:
8884:
8880:
8870:
8868:
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8820:
8810:
8808:
8795:
8794:
8790:
8780:Wayback Machine
8771:
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8092:
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8008:
8002:
7995:
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7988:
7984:
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7966:
7962:
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7944:
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7913:Wayback Machine
7904:
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7815:
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7752:
7748:
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7503:
7499:
7452:
7448:
7438:
7436:
7421:
7395:
7391:
7381:
7379:
7342:
7338:
7293:
7289:
7279:
7277:
7262:
7258:
7248:
7246:
7231:
7227:
7217:
7215:
7200:
7196:
7186:
7184:
7173:"Iraq, Yazidis"
7169:
7165:
7155:
7153:
7144:
7143:
7139:
7129:
7127:
7114:
7113:
7109:
7099:
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6990:
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6954:
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6937:
6933:
6923:
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6906:
6902:
6892:
6890:
6875:
6871:
6864:
6850:
6846:
6839:
6825:
6821:
6811:
6809:
6798:
6794:
6784:
6782:
6771:
6767:
6757:
6755:
6748:Romeyka Project
6742:
6741:
6737:
6722:
6718:
6705:
6703:
6676:
6672:
6662:
6648:
6644:
6634:
6632:
6623:
6622:
6618:
6573:Genome Research
6564:
6560:
6550:
6548:
6540:
6539:
6535:
6525:
6523:
6508:
6504:
6494:
6492:
6479:
6478:
6474:
6464:
6462:
6447:
6443:
6429:
6427:
6392:
6381:
6375:Wayback Machine
6366:
6362:
6356:Wayback Machine
6347:
6343:
6333:
6331:
6318:
6317:
6313:
6308:Wayback Machine
6288:
6284:
6274:
6272:
6259:
6258:
6254:
6244:
6242:
6227:
6223:
6213:
6211:
6194:
6193:
6189:
6179:
6177:
6162:
6158:
6148:
6146:
6137:
6136:
6132:
6122:
6120:
6111:
6110:
6106:
6096:
6094:
6085:
6084:
6080:
6073:Wayback Machine
6056:Wayback Machine
6046:
6042:
6032:
6030:
6017:
6016:
6012:
6002:
6000:
5999:on 14 July 2010
5996:
5989:
5985:
5984:
5980:
5970:
5968:
5959:
5958:
5954:
5944:
5942:
5938:
5923:
5919:
5918:
5914:
5904:
5902:
5901:on 5 March 2010
5889:
5888:
5884:
5874:
5872:
5859:
5858:
5854:
5844:
5842:
5833:
5832:
5828:
5818:
5816:
5809:Somosprimos.com
5803:
5802:
5798:
5788:
5786:
5773:
5772:
5768:
5758:
5756:
5743:
5742:
5738:
5728:
5726:
5719:
5695:
5694:
5690:
5675:
5661:
5657:
5618:
5614:
5591:
5587:
5580:
5566:
5562:
5555:
5541:
5537:
5530:
5516:
5512:
5456:
5452:
5442:
5440:
5429:
5425:
5415:
5413:
5400:
5399:
5395:
5385:
5383:
5378:. 13 May 2019.
5370:
5369:
5365:
5355:
5353:
5346:
5330:
5326:
5316:
5314:
5299:
5295:
5264:
5260:
5247:
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5230:
5226:
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5214:
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5187:
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5175:
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5157:
5152:
5148:
5143:
5139:
5132:
5118:
5114:
5103:
5099:
5092:
5078:
5074:
5067:
5050:
5046:
5036:
5034:
5021:
5020:
5016:
5009:
4991:
4987:
4980:
4962:
4958:
4953:
4949:
4944:
4940:
4935:
4931:
4926:
4922:
4917:
4910:
4905:
4901:
4896:
4892:
4887:
4883:
4878:
4874:
4869:
4862:
4857:
4853:
4848:
4844:
4839:
4835:
4830:
4826:
4821:
4817:
4812:
4808:
4769:
4765:
4760:
4756:
4751:
4747:
4742:
4738:
4733:
4729:
4724:
4720:
4715:
4711:
4706:
4702:
4695:
4681:
4677:
4672:
4668:
4663:
4659:
4654:
4650:
4619:
4615:
4604:
4595:
4590:
4586:
4581:
4577:
4570:
4556:
4552:
4547:
4543:
4537:Wayback Machine
4523:
4519:
4509:
4507:
4500:
4484:
4480:
4467:
4463:
4458:
4454:
4445:
4441:
4437:, pp. 4–5.
4433:
4429:
4419:
4417:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4389:
4387:
4377:
4373:
4363:
4361:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4343:, pp. 4–5.
4339:
4335:
4327:
4323:
4284:
4280:
4269:
4262:
4252:
4250:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4226:Wayback Machine
4209:
4205:
4190:
4176:
4172:
4162:
4160:
4145:
4141:
4131:
4117:
4113:
4105:
4098:
4061:
4057:
4047:
4045:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4018:
4014:
4006:
4002:
3994:
3990:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3954:
3950:
3937:
3935:
3928:
3917:
3909:
3905:
3897:
3893:
3880:
3876:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3844:
3830:
3823:
3815:
3804:
3794:
3792:
3777:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3741:
3740:
3733:
3723:
3721:
3710:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3686:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3524:Ethnic minority
3498:
3491:
3484:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3445:
3425:Native American
3418:
3412:
3321:Helena Gualinga
3314:
3291:
3218:
3176:
3134:marginalization
3079:West New Guinea
3035:
2910:
2878:
2753:Inhabited lands
2367:Cultural rights
2324:
2290:in Micronesia.
2211:
2209:Pacific Islands
2195:language groups
2176:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2128:Irish travelers
2062:
2052:
2046:
1911:. However, the
1896:Chey Chettha II
1794:
1692:Ryukyuan people
1641:, until by the
1609:
1603:
1537:
1516:State of Israel
1376:
1360:
1354:
1294:povos indígenas
1251:
1141:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1023:
1006:hunter-gatherer
989:African Pygmies
970:
965:
959:
953:
944:
938:
894:
878:
868:
862:
859:
848:
835:
831:
824:
803:Andaman Islands
758:
713:
707:
678:
672:
630:
526:From 1492, the
517:
511:
477:From 1402, the
437:
383:
378:
321:
290:
277:
265:
236:
227:
173:
152:
131:"in, within" +
103:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12837:
12827:
12826:
12809:
12808:
12806:
12805:
12786:
12783:
12782:
12780:
12779:
12774:
12769:
12764:
12759:
12758:
12757:
12752:
12747:
12742:
12734:
12729:
12724:
12719:
12717:Indian removal
12714:
12709:
12704:
12699:
12694:
12689:
12684:
12679:
12673:
12671:
12667:
12666:
12663:
12662:
12660:
12659:
12653:
12647:
12641:
12631:
12625:
12619:
12612:
12610:
12604:
12603:
12601:
12600:
12595:
12589:
12587:
12582:Indigenous-led
12579:
12578:
12576:
12575:
12570:
12569:
12568:
12560:
12558:Arctic Council
12555:
12554:
12553:
12547:African Union
12544:
12542:
12536:
12535:
12533:
12532:
12531:
12530:
12522:
12521:
12520:
12512:
12511:
12510:
12505:
12500:
12495:
12487:
12486:
12485:
12477:
12476:
12475:
12467:
12466:
12465:
12457:
12456:
12455:
12447:
12446:
12445:
12443:Te Puni Kōkiri
12436:
12434:
12425:
12421:
12420:
12418:
12417:
12412:
12407:
12405:Plastic shaman
12402:
12397:
12396:
12395:
12390:
12385:
12380:
12375:
12373:Indian reserve
12370:
12365:
12360:
12355:
12345:
12340:
12338:Green grabbing
12335:
12330:
12325:
12320:
12319:
12318:
12313:
12311:Sports mascots
12303:
12302:
12301:
12299:Bioprospecting
12291:
12290:
12289:
12284:
12274:
12268:
12266:
12262:
12261:
12259:
12258:
12249:
12244:
12239:
12234:
12229:
12224:
12219:
12214:
12209:
12204:
12199:
12194:
12189:
12184:
12178:
12176:
12170:
12169:
12167:
12166:
12165:
12164:
12162:in New Zealand
12159:
12149:
12148:
12147:
12142:
12132:
12131:
12130:
12125:
12120:
12110:
12105:
12100:
12095:
12090:
12084:
12082:
12078:
12077:
12068:International
12065:
12064:
12057:
12050:
12042:
12033:
12032:
12025:
12022:
12021:
12017:
12016:
12003:
12001:
11988:
11986:
11973:
11971:
11958:
11956:
11943:
11938:
11935:
11934:
11919:
11918:
11911:
11904:
11896:
11887:
11886:
11884:
11883:
11877:
11875:
11871:
11870:
11868:
11867:
11862:
11857:
11852:
11847:
11842:
11840:Indigenization
11837:
11832:
11830:Ethnosymbolism
11827:
11822:
11817:
11816:
11815:
11805:
11800:
11795:
11793:Ethnic penalty
11790:
11785:
11780:
11775:
11770:
11765:
11759:
11757:
11750:
11747:
11746:
11744:
11743:
11738:
11733:
11731:Model minority
11728:
11723:
11718:
11713:
11711:Ethnopluralism
11708:
11703:
11698:
11693:
11688:
11683:
11678:
11673:
11668:
11663:
11658:
11656:Ethnic enclave
11653:
11648:
11643:
11638:
11633:
11627:
11625:
11619:
11618:
11616:
11615:
11610:
11609:
11608:
11603:
11593:
11588:
11583:
11578:
11573:
11568:
11563:
11558:
11553:
11548:
11543:
11538:
11533:
11528:
11523:
11518:
11513:
11508:
11503:
11498:
11493:
11488:
11483:
11478:
11473:
11468:
11463:
11458:
11453:
11448:
11442:
11440:
11430:
11427:
11426:
11424:
11423:
11422:
11421:
11416:
11406:
11399:
11398:
11397:
11392:
11380:
11379:
11378:
11373:
11371:Southeast Asia
11368:
11363:
11358:
11353:
11341:
11340:
11339:
11334:
11329:
11324:
11319:
11314:
11309:
11304:
11294:
11287:
11286:
11285:
11280:
11269:
11267:
11261:
11260:
11258:
11257:
11252:
11250:Ethnosemiotics
11247:
11242:
11237:
11232:
11227:
11222:
11220:Ethnomuseology
11217:
11212:
11207:
11206:
11205:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11180:
11179:
11178:
11173:
11168:
11163:
11158:
11153:
11148:
11143:
11138:
11133:
11123:
11118:
11113:
11112:
11111:
11106:
11101:
11096:
11086:
11081:
11079:Ethnic studies
11076:
11070:
11068:
11062:
11061:
11059:
11058:
11053:
11048:
11046:Supraethnicity
11043:
11038:
11033:
11028:
11023:
11018:
11013:
11008:
11007:
11006:
10999:Minority group
10996:
10994:Metroethnicity
10991:
10989:Meta-ethnicity
10986:
10981:
10976:
10971:
10966:
10965:
10964:
10959:
10954:
10949:
10939:
10933:
10931:
10927:
10926:
10919:
10918:
10911:
10904:
10896:
10890:
10889:
10883:
10876:
10873:
10872:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10847:
10846:External links
10844:
10842:
10841:
10835:
10822:
10816:
10803:
10797:
10784:
10778:
10765:
10752:
10746:
10729:
10723:
10710:
10692:
10677:
10667:on 2 June 2010
10626:
10620:
10607:
10601:
10588:
10559:
10534:
10528:
10515:
10509:
10496:
10490:
10477:
10471:
10458:
10440:(4): 597–614.
10429:
10409:
10407:
10404:
10403:
10402:
10382:(4): 387–409.
10367:
10338:
10332:
10319:
10313:
10298:
10295:
10292:
10291:
10256:
10231:Indian Affairs
10218:
10188:
10158:
10124:
10068:
10038:
10008:
9978:
9938:
9907:
9877:
9850:
9832:
9812:Pike, Sarah M.
9803:
9773:
9754:
9736:
9711:
9696:
9666:
9636:
9627:
9618:
9575:
9555:
9519:
9487:
9485:Coates 2004:12
9478:
9459:
9437:
9418:
9398:
9379:
9359:
9340:
9320:
9291:
9226:
9200:
9181:
9162:
9143:
9131:
9112:
9101:
9083:
9073:
9055:
9036:
9004:
8989:
8977:
8968:
8938:
8908:
8878:
8848:
8818:
8788:
8765:
8735:
8703:
8673:
8666:
8640:
8611:(4): 401–417.
8591:
8569:
8547:
8525:
8499:
8464:
8433:
8422:. 1 March 2017
8407:
8382:
8357:
8335:
8300:
8278:
8259:(2): 425–443.
8240:
8210:
8192:
8166:
8140:
8131:
8121:
8112:
8100:
8070:
8040:
8014:
7982:
7942:
7926:
7917:
7898:
7872:
7813:
7746:
7701:Israel Studies
7687:
7646:(1): 157–178.
7626:
7595:
7560:(2): 100–114.
7554:Israel Studies
7544:
7517:
7497:
7456:Israel Studies
7446:
7419:
7389:
7336:
7287:
7256:
7225:
7194:
7163:
7137:
7107:
7076:
7045:
7014:
6988:
6962:
6931:
6900:
6869:
6862:
6844:
6837:
6819:
6792:
6765:
6735:
6716:
6690:(4): 335–339.
6670:
6660:
6642:
6616:
6579:(2): 151–162.
6558:
6533:
6502:
6472:
6441:
6379:
6360:
6341:
6311:
6282:
6252:
6221:
6187:
6170:Science | AAAS
6156:
6130:
6104:
6078:
6061:Census Profile
6040:
6010:
5978:
5952:
5928:Faculty of Law
5912:
5882:
5852:
5826:
5796:
5766:
5736:
5717:
5688:
5673:
5655:
5628:(3): 381–382.
5612:
5601:(3): 229–250.
5585:
5579:978-1107402171
5578:
5560:
5553:
5535:
5528:
5510:
5450:
5423:
5393:
5363:
5344:
5324:
5293:
5274:(2): 425–443.
5258:
5224:
5212:
5180:
5173:
5155:
5146:
5137:
5130:
5112:
5097:
5090:
5072:
5065:
5044:
5014:
5007:
5001:. p. 18.
4985:
4978:
4956:
4947:
4938:
4929:
4920:
4908:
4899:
4890:
4881:
4872:
4860:
4851:
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4360:. 6 April 2023
4358:The World Bank
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3764:
3731:
3718:United Nations
3703:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3684:
3668:Native peoples
3654:Also known as
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3433:sustainability
3414:Main article:
3411:
3408:
3356:Inupiat people
3313:
3310:
3290:
3287:
3237:discrimination
3217:
3214:
3175:
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3118:Vale do Javari
3083:Papua conflict
3034:
3031:
2983:(two northern
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2726:Discrimination
2723:
2718:
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2711:Climate change
2708:
2703:
2698:
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2689:
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2661:The Red Nation
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2430:Arctic Council
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2161:Main article:
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2145:, such as the
2136:European Union
2048:Main article:
2045:
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1936:Cagayan Valley
1793:
1792:Southeast Asia
1790:
1779:Nivkh language
1696:Ryukyu Islands
1659:Dzungar Oirats
1602:
1601:Northeast Asia
1599:
1595:Nivkh language
1569:Little Andaman
1557:Middle Andaman
1536:
1533:
1504:Land of Israel
1488:
1487:
1477:
1467:
1452:ethnoreligious
1445:
1431:
1424:Greek genocide
1405:
1391:
1375:
1372:
1353:
1350:
1316:in the North.
1250:
1247:
1183:(35.28%), and
1140:
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1084:(dog sled) in
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730:British Empire
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436:
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12755:United States
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12398:
12394:
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12389:
12386:
12384:
12381:
12379:
12376:
12374:
12371:
12369:
12368:Indian colony
12366:
12364:
12361:
12359:
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12350:
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12185:
12183:
12180:
12179:
12177:
12171:
12163:
12160:
12158:
12155:
12154:
12153:
12152:Treaty rights
12150:
12146:
12143:
12141:
12138:
12137:
12136:
12133:
12129:
12126:
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12119:
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12096:
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12091:
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12083:
12079:
12075:
12071:
12063:
12058:
12056:
12051:
12049:
12044:
12043:
12040:
12030:
12029:
12023:
12014:
12013:
12012:South America
12008:
12002:
11999:
11998:
11993:
11987:
11984:
11983:
11982:North America
11978:
11972:
11969:
11968:
11963:
11957:
11954:
11953:
11948:
11942:
11941:
11936:
11932:
11928:
11924:
11917:
11912:
11910:
11905:
11903:
11898:
11897:
11894:
11882:
11879:
11878:
11876:
11872:
11866:
11863:
11861:
11858:
11856:
11853:
11851:
11848:
11846:
11843:
11841:
11838:
11836:
11833:
11831:
11828:
11826:
11823:
11821:
11820:Ethnocentrism
11818:
11814:
11811:
11810:
11809:
11806:
11804:
11801:
11799:
11796:
11794:
11791:
11789:
11786:
11784:
11781:
11779:
11778:Ethnic hatred
11776:
11774:
11771:
11769:
11766:
11764:
11761:
11760:
11758:
11755:
11748:
11742:
11739:
11737:
11734:
11732:
11729:
11727:
11724:
11722:
11719:
11717:
11714:
11712:
11709:
11707:
11704:
11702:
11699:
11697:
11694:
11692:
11689:
11687:
11684:
11682:
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11677:
11674:
11672:
11669:
11667:
11664:
11662:
11659:
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11654:
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11642:
11639:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11629:
11628:
11626:
11624:
11620:
11614:
11611:
11607:
11604:
11602:
11599:
11598:
11597:
11594:
11592:
11589:
11587:
11584:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11572:
11571:National myth
11569:
11567:
11564:
11562:
11559:
11557:
11554:
11552:
11549:
11547:
11544:
11542:
11539:
11537:
11534:
11532:
11529:
11527:
11524:
11522:
11519:
11517:
11516:Folk religion
11514:
11512:
11509:
11507:
11504:
11502:
11499:
11497:
11494:
11492:
11491:Ethnic origin
11489:
11487:
11486:Ethnic option
11484:
11482:
11479:
11477:
11474:
11472:
11469:
11467:
11464:
11462:
11459:
11457:
11454:
11452:
11449:
11447:
11444:
11443:
11441:
11438:
11433:
11428:
11420:
11417:
11415:
11412:
11411:
11410:
11407:
11405:
11404:
11400:
11396:
11393:
11391:
11388:
11387:
11386:
11385:
11381:
11377:
11374:
11372:
11369:
11367:
11364:
11362:
11361:Northern Asia
11359:
11357:
11354:
11352:
11349:
11348:
11347:
11346:
11342:
11338:
11337:South America
11335:
11333:
11330:
11328:
11325:
11323:
11322:United States
11320:
11318:
11315:
11313:
11310:
11308:
11305:
11303:
11300:
11299:
11298:
11295:
11293:
11292:
11288:
11284:
11281:
11279:
11276:
11275:
11274:
11271:
11270:
11268:
11266:
11262:
11256:
11255:Ethnotaxonomy
11253:
11251:
11248:
11246:
11243:
11241:
11238:
11236:
11233:
11231:
11228:
11226:
11223:
11221:
11218:
11216:
11213:
11211:
11210:Ethnomedicine
11208:
11204:
11201:
11200:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11189:
11186:
11184:
11181:
11177:
11174:
11172:
11169:
11167:
11164:
11162:
11159:
11157:
11154:
11152:
11149:
11147:
11146:Institutional
11144:
11142:
11139:
11137:
11134:
11132:
11129:
11128:
11127:
11124:
11122:
11119:
11117:
11114:
11110:
11107:
11105:
11104:Ethnomycology
11102:
11100:
11097:
11095:
11092:
11091:
11090:
11087:
11085:
11082:
11080:
11077:
11075:
11072:
11071:
11069:
11067:
11063:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11032:
11031:Polyethnicity
11029:
11027:
11024:
11022:
11019:
11017:
11014:
11012:
11011:Monoethnicity
11009:
11005:
11002:
11001:
11000:
10997:
10995:
10992:
10990:
10987:
10985:
10982:
10980:
10977:
10975:
10972:
10970:
10967:
10963:
10960:
10958:
10955:
10953:
10950:
10948:
10945:
10944:
10943:
10940:
10938:
10935:
10934:
10932:
10928:
10924:
10917:
10912:
10910:
10905:
10903:
10898:
10897:
10894:
10887:
10884:
10882:
10879:
10878:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10856:
10853:
10850:
10849:
10838:
10832:
10828:
10823:
10819:
10813:
10809:
10804:
10800:
10794:
10790:
10785:
10781:
10775:
10771:
10766:
10762:
10758:
10753:
10749:
10743:
10738:
10737:
10730:
10726:
10720:
10716:
10711:
10699:
10695:
10689:
10685:
10684:
10678:
10663:
10659:
10655:
10651:
10647:
10643:
10639:
10632:
10627:
10623:
10617:
10613:
10608:
10604:
10598:
10594:
10589:
10585:
10581:
10577:
10573:
10569:
10565:
10560:
10556:
10552:
10548:
10544:
10540:
10535:
10531:
10525:
10521:
10516:
10512:
10506:
10502:
10497:
10493:
10487:
10483:
10478:
10474:
10468:
10464:
10459:
10455:
10451:
10447:
10443:
10439:
10435:
10430:
10423:
10416:
10411:
10410:
10399:
10395:
10390:
10385:
10381:
10377:
10373:
10368:
10364:
10360:
10356:
10352:
10348:
10344:
10339:
10335:
10329:
10325:
10320:
10316:
10310:
10306:
10301:
10300:
10288:
10276:
10272:
10271:
10266:
10260:
10253:
10240:
10236:
10232:
10228:
10222:
10206:
10202:
10198:
10192:
10176:
10172:
10168:
10162:
10155:
10142:
10138:
10134:
10128:
10120:
10116:
10112:
10108:
10104:
10100:
10096:
10092:
10088:
10084:
10083:Human Ecology
10077:
10075:
10073:
10056:
10052:
10048:
10042:
10026:
10022:
10018:
10012:
9996:
9992:
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9813:
9807:
9791:
9787:
9783:
9777:
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9763:
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9707:
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9679:
9677:
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9673:
9671:
9654:
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9606:
9602:
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9506:
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9214:
9210:
9204:
9197:
9193:
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9185:
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9174:
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9166:
9159:
9155:
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9147:
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9135:
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9059:
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9048:
9045:
9040:
9021:
9014:
9008:
9002:
8999:
8993:
8986:
8981:
8975:Bodley 2008:2
8972:
8956:
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8667:9781315186214
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8223:www.iwgia.org
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8009:(107 KB)
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7949:Fox, James J.
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7757:
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7726:
7722:
7718:
7714:
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7707:(1): 78–104.
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7671:
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7653:
7649:
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7599:
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7518:1-55728-763-5
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7461:
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7393:
7377:
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7364:
7359:
7355:
7351:
7347:
7340:
7332:
7328:
7324:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7307:(1): 91–115.
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6914:History Corps
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6800:Hajnal, Ivo.
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6732:. p. 62.
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3920:. NYU Press.
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3688:
3681:
3680:ethnic groups
3677:
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3669:
3665:
3661:
3660:First nations
3657:
3656:First peoples
3651:
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3266:noble savages
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3262:Thomas Hobbes
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3213:
3210:
3204:
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3197:prenatal care
3194:
3188:
3186:
3181:
3174:Health issues
3171:
3168:
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3159:
3155:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3088:
3085:) has led to
3084:
3080:
3076:
3075:Papuan people
3070:
3066:
3064:
3059:
3057:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3013:terra nullius
3009:
3005:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2968:first contact
2964:
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2716:Co-governance
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2392:Treaty rights
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2164:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2081:ethnic groups
2074:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1948:Lumad peoples
1945:
1941:
1940:Igorot people
1937:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1820:anglicisation
1817:
1813:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1789:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1763:The Russians
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1680:in Xinjiang.
1679:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1631:Kuril Islands
1628:
1624:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1549:Strait Island
1546:
1542:
1532:
1529:
1528:Negev Bedouin
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1412:Pontic Greeks
1409:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1322:Easter Island
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1290:povos nativos
1287:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1272:
1264:, Andes, Peru
1263:
1262:Sacred Valley
1259:
1255:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:First Nations
1193:comprise the
1192:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1159:(65.73%) and
1158:
1152:
1150:
1149:Turtle Island
1146:
1139:North America
1136:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1118:pre-Columbian
1111:
1107:
1104:headdress in
1103:
1098:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1000:cultures and
998:
990:
986:
979:
974:
964:
958:
948:
943:
933:
930:
926:
921:
919:
918:globalization
915:
914:deforestation
910:
908:
902:
899:
889:
887:
883:
877:
866:
856:
852:
846:
844:
839:This article
837:
828:
827:
819:
816:
810:
806:
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745:
741:
740:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
712:
702:
700:
695:
693:
692:
691:terra nullius
687:
683:
677:
667:
664:
659:
656:
651:
648:
644:
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625:
621:
614:
613:
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484:
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473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
450:
446:
442:
432:
429:
424:
420:
417:in his book,
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
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12607:Treaties and
12479:Philippines
12431:Governmental
12253:
12182:Amazon Watch
12157:in Australia
12118:in Australia
12026:
12004:
11989:
11974:
11959:
11944:
11922:
11855:Xenocentrism
11813:Ethnic riots
11798:Ethnic slurs
11788:Ethnic party
11751:Ideology and
11671:Ethnic media
11613:White ethnic
11606:Neotribalism
11561:Nation state
11506:Ethnofiction
11437:ethnogenesis
11408:
11401:
11382:
11351:Central Asia
11343:
11296:
11289:
11272:
11245:Ethnoscience
11235:Ethnopoetics
11183:Ethnohistory
11121:Ethnogeology
11109:Ethnozoology
11099:Ethnoecology
11089:Ethnobiology
11074:Anthropology
11026:Panethnicity
10978:
10942:Ethnic group
10875:Institutions
10826:
10807:
10788:
10769:
10760:
10735:
10714:
10702:. Retrieved
10682:
10669:. Retrieved
10662:the original
10637:
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10333:0-297-643703
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10175:the original
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10136:
10127:
10089:(1): 47–69.
10086:
10082:
10061:11 September
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10055:the original
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8839:. Retrieved
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8784:The Guardian
8783:
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5033:. March 2009
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4037:
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3852:
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3717:
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3539:Human rights
3500:World portal
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2973:
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1870:
1851:
1840:
1834:
1824:
1809:
1801:Dayak people
1783:
1771:Nivkh people
1769:
1762:
1715:
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1665:in Northern
1656:
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1324:, who are a
1297:
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1171:, (44.44%),
1169:Quintana Roo
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1053:caliphates.
1024:
1021:North Africa
1013:
1011:
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922:
911:
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903:
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860:
840:
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631:
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104:
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12762:Rubber boom
12745:New Zealand
12277:Colonialism
12103:Land rights
11783:Ethnic joke
11591:Tribal name
11576:Origin myth
11551:Mythomoteur
11481:Ethnic flag
11466:Development
11151:Netnography
11126:Ethnography
11116:Ethnocinema
11094:Ethnobotany
11021:Nationality
10671:1 September
10281:14 February
10245:14 February
10051:Environment
9931:5 September
9839:19 February
9391:12 November
9352:12 November
9284:3 September
8328:22 November
8149:"Indonesia"
8083:www.ilo.org
7969:21 December
7661:10871/28176
7270:JSTOR Daily
6785:30 December
6758:30 December
6334:15 December
6275:29 December
6245:29 December
6214:29 December
6180:29 December
4629:(1): 1–26.
4390:30 December
4364:28 December
4294:(1): 4–13.
4109:, p. 2
3996:Bodley 2008
3938:21 December
3724:29 December
3720:. p. 2
3514:Colonialism
3388:Tapajós dam
3306:appropriate
3283:colonialism
3279:World War I
3255:uncivilized
3094:Montagnards
2951:land rights
2849:Philippines
2829:New Zealand
2501:initiatives
2377:Land rights
2277:Dani people
2259:Marshallese
2222:Micronesian
2069:Sámi family
1960:Maguindanao
1835:Pulau Ujong
1651:Ainu people
1623:Ainu people
1573:Sentinelese
1474:Mesopotamia
1233:within the
1223:Nunatsiavut
1106:Yohualichan
1086:Cape Dorset
1043:Nile Valley
1002:pastoralist
980:in Botswana
929:ethnography
923:In eastern
795:Sentinelese
686:natural law
605:with three
576:Inca Empire
545:Mesoamerica
423:Greco-Roman
367:Other views
349:James Anaya
150:Definitions
12732:Oka Crisis
12415:Two-spirit
12140:ecological
12070:Indigenous
11865:Xenophobia
11860:Xenophilia
11835:Indigenism
11763:Allophilia
11696:Ethnocracy
11586:Statistext
11521:Historical
11414:Indigenous
11366:South Asia
11302:Indigenous
11036:Population
10704:18 October
10211:2 February
10181:2 February
10147:3 February
10021:jcu.edu.au
9796:22 January
9786:www.un.org
9585:The Lancet
9471:4 December
9313:17 January
9249:(3): 238.
9053:. pg. 1-2.
8961:1 February
8931:16 January
8901:16 January
8871:16 January
8841:16 January
8811:16 January
8758:16 October
8728:16 October
8185:17 January
8159:17 January
8129:University
7915:, BBC NEWS
7891:20 January
7187:1 February
7007:27 October
6981:27 October
6635:27 October
6551:27 October
6430:17 October
5779:Cdi.gob.mx
5749:Cdi.gob.mx
5729:4 November
5522:. Radius.
5443:21 October
5416:21 October
5406:www.un.org
5386:21 October
5356:21 October
5317:21 October
5053:Moon, Paul
4968:. Boston:
4243:www.un.org
4021:OED Online
3699:References
3549:Indigenism
3396:World Bank
3368:ecotourism
3138:oppression
3047:Davao City
3008:Queensland
2758:Indigenism
2402:Protection
2267:Wellington
2257:, and the
2218:Melanesian
2214:Polynesian
2197:) and the
2167:See also:
2126:, and the
2054:See also:
1884:Khmer Krom
1728:as people
1678:Tashkurgan
1545:Andamanese
1535:South Asia
1356:See also:
1346:New Guinea
1330:Amerindian
1326:Polynesian
1286:amerindios
1187:(33.92%).
1179:(36.15%),
1167:(44.54%),
1067:See also:
978:San people
961:See also:
940:See also:
898:Westerners
874:See also:
843:unbalanced
709:See also:
674:See also:
615:(pre-1585)
557:Tlaxcalans
537:encomienda
513:See also:
391:Pelasgians
281:World Bank
275:World Bank
171:Historical
106:Indigenous
12383:Rancherie
12378:Ranchería
12353:Bantustan
12294:Biopiracy
12123:in Canada
11931:continent
11825:Ethnocide
11691:Ethnoburb
11596:Tribalism
11384:Australia
11376:West Asia
11356:East Asia
11327:Caribbean
11312:Greenland
11193:Ethnology
11066:Ethnology
11004:Influence
10923:Ethnicity
10686:. Verso.
10650:1024-3283
10576:1875-4120
10547:0035-614X
10454:146497127
10398:143873621
10363:233635930
10119:151101711
10103:0300-7839
9706:699622751
9263:1444-2213
9029:2 January
8584:28 August
8562:28 August
8540:28 August
8518:28 August
8459:1535-0843
8453:(1): 43.
8426:15 August
8400:14 August
8375:14 August
8350:28 August
8293:26 August
8055:. India.
8033:21 August
7934:Blust, R.
7855:150663547
7847:1364-2987
7796:147970455
7788:0308-518X
7729:143785060
7721:1527-201X
7670:0038-2876
7590:145765263
7574:1084-9513
7527:834799171
7492:239062214
7476:1084-9513
7429:243669197
7372:1082-7307
7331:151793639
7323:0263-2764
6593:1088-9051
6420:153304089
6123:2 October
6097:2 October
6059:(table),
5683:937000280
5650:153245215
5642:0300-7839
5595:Ecography
5205:2 January
5037:7 January
5027:NZHistory
4801:143079931
4643:165086773
4510:15 August
4316:154898887
4308:0940-7391
4198:805707083
4091:0013-1857
3247:primitive
3140:, forced
3124:in Brazil
3096:from the
2942:education
2869:Venezuela
2794:Australia
2789:Argentina
2781:Countries
2701:Biopiracy
2641:Land Back
2247:Chamorros
2174:Australia
2153:instead.
2124:Greenland
1903:Indonesia
1825:Singapura
1754:Cantonese
1718:Hong Kong
1663:Dzungaria
1647:Lake Akan
1520:religious
1434:Assyrians
1380:Armenians
1374:West Asia
1281:indígenas
1231:Greenland
1145:Abya Yala
855:talk page
764:A map of
607:Tlaxcalan
584:New Spain
466:kings of
411:Herodotus
387:Classical
354:In 2012,
347:In 2004,
146:or "in".
124:Old Latin
101:Etymology
91:education
63:Guatemala
59:Kaqchikel
12818:Category
12343:Homeland
12254:more ...
12108:Language
11845:Nativism
11511:Ethnonym
11476:Ethnarch
11432:Identity
11419:European
11297:Americas
11141:Critical
11136:Clinical
10930:Concepts
10855:Archived
10698:Archived
10658:30685615
10275:Archived
10239:Archived
10205:Archived
10141:Archived
10025:Archived
10001:25 March
9995:Archived
9971:25 March
9925:Archived
9921:Mongabay
9901:17 April
9895:archived
9864:Archived
9790:Archived
9765:Archived
9686:(2009).
9659:17 April
9653:Archived
9605:16765763
9567:Archived
9548:17 April
9539:Archived
9465:Archived
9424:Archived
9385:Archived
9346:Archived
9307:Archived
9271:43522886
9192:Archived
9173:Archived
9154:Archived
9123:Archived
9047:Archived
9020:Archived
8955:Archived
8953:. 2018.
8951:BBC News
8925:Archived
8895:Archived
8865:Archived
8835:Archived
8805:Archived
8776:Archived
8752:Archived
8722:Archived
8690:Archived
8635:30350264
8494:24675300
8420:BBC News
8370:Refworld
8322:Archived
8318:Euronews
8273:20070794
8227:Archived
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8153:Archived
8087:Archived
8027:Archived
7909:Archived
7886:BBC Home
7865:1 August
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7739:1 August
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7120:BBC News
7100:3 August
7069:3 August
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7002:Refworld
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5288:20070794
5242:Archived
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5055:(2010).
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4504:Archived
4420:11 March
4253:11 March
4247:Archived
4222:Archived
4157:Archived
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3747:cidh.org
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2814:Malaysia
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2677:more ...
2601:CONAECDA
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2509:9 August
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