William Pitt the Younger

1893: 892:, who became a lifelong friend and political ally in Parliament. Pitt tended to socialise only with fellow students and others already known to him, rarely venturing outside the university grounds. Yet he was described as charming and friendly. According to Wilberforce, Pitt had an exceptional wit along with an endearingly gentle sense of humour: "no man ... ever indulged more freely or happily in that playful facetiousness which gratifies all without wounding any." An example of Pitt's innocent wit was recorded by Sir John Sinclair. In the early years' of Pitt's ministry there was great interest in the new young First minister. Sinclair was required to write an account of Pitt to satisfy foreign curiosity when he was abroad. At the end of a long description of Britain's eminent leader he added: ‘Of all the places where you have been, where did you fare best?’ My answer was, ‘In Poland; for the nobility live there with uncommon taste and splendour; their cooks are French,- their confectioners Italian, - and their wine Tokey.’ He immediately observed, ‘I have heard before of The Polish diet.’ 2538:

however, significant differences. The younger Pitt's eloquence, unlike his father's, included the force of sustained reasoned exposition. This was perhaps in part expression of his thoroughly professional approach to politics, so unlike his father's, but possibly deriving something from Shelburne. The younger Pitt was continuously engaged in depth with major issues of his day. He regularly and energetically sought the best information. He was genuinely progressive, as his father was not, on parliamentary reform, Catholic emancipation, commercial policy, and administrative reform. His constructive capacity in his chief responsibility, financial policy and administration, far surpassed his father's record, if it was less impressive and perhaps more equally matched in foreign and imperial policy and strategy. With good reason, his long career in high office was the mirror image of his father's short tenure. In contrast, only briefly was Chatham able to rise to the challenge of his age. By his last decade time had passed him by.

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wanted to replace his friend Westmorland, who was Lord Lieutenant, with Lord Camden, whom he could trust. However, one of Portland's group, Earl Fitzwilliam, wanted the position. Pitt, to keep Portland on side, appointed Fitzwilliam but allowed the new Lord Liuetantant to believe that he had free range to reform the government in Ireland. Thus when Fitzwilliam's reforms became public in London he was quickly recalled and Camden replaced him. This ensred Pitt had his man in Dublin Castle, whilst also retaining Portland and his group. The unfortunate effect was to produce optimism amongst Irish Catholics who wanted political reform. In May 1798, the long-simmering unrest in Ireland exploded into outright rebellion with the

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English, and declaim impromptu upon unfamiliar topics in an effort to develop his oratorical skills. Pitt's father, who had by then been raised to the peerage as Earl of Chatham, died in 1778. As the younger son, Pitt received only a small inheritance.In the months following the death of the Earl of Chatham, Pitt was forced to defend his father's reputation. This came about when the Bute family made claims that the late Lord had sought out the Earl of Bute with the desire to form a political coalition. Pitt although just over nineteen years of age publically argued that this was not the case. Faced with Pitt's arguments the Bute family backed off and ceased making their claims. He acquired his legal education at

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came time to make peace with the French republic. The British historian Michael Duffy argued that since Pitt committed far more manpower and money to the Caribbean expeditions, especially the one to St. Domingue, than he ever did to Europe in the years 1793–1798, it is proper to view the West Indies as Britain's main theatre of war and Europe as more of a sideshow. By 1795, 50% of the British Army was deployed in the West Indies (with the largest contingent in St. Domingue), whereas the rest of the British Army was divided among Britain, Europe, India, and North America.

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resolved. Lord Spencer, the First Lord of the Admiralty recalled how calm Pitt was. Very late one evening after visiting the Minister with desperate news of the fleet, as Spencer proceeded away from Downing Street he remembered he had some more information to give to Pitt. He immediately returned to Number 10 only to be infomred that Pitt was fast asleep. Henry Dundas, who was President of the Board of Control, Treasurer of the Navy, Secretary at War and a close friend of Pitt, envied the First Minister for his ability to sleep well in all crcumstances.

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revolutionaries. Pitt, due to economic reasons, wanted to remain aloof from War with France. However, this option was taken away from him by an ultimatum from King George III. Pitt could either resign or go to war. Committed to making Britain financially stable Pitt agreed, albeit very reluctantly, to go to war against the French Revolutionaries. Though France's declaration of hostilities against Britain meant that Britain was forced into war. Subsequently, in 1794, Pitt's administration

2434: 1708: 952:. Pitt's first speech made a dramatic impression. Sir John Sinclair, member of Parliament for Lostwithiel, thought that Pitt's first speech was never surpassed and ‘rarely equalled by any ever delivered in that assembly.’ When Pitt resumed his seat after finishing speaking there was thunderous applause. Sinclair noted that there was ‘utter astonishment … by an audience accustomed to the most splendid efforts of eloquence.’ Pitt originally aligned himself with prominent 1471: 2499: 2485:, a clear reference to homosexuality. Socially, Pitt preferred the company of young men, and would continue to do so into his thirties and forties. It may be that Pitt had homosexual leanings but suppressed any urge to act on them for the sake of his ambitions. He could be charming to women, but it seems certain that he rejected intimacy whenever it was proffered—and would do so publicly at a later date. In practical terms it appears that Pitt was essentially 2530:. Hague goes on to note that the failure was likely due to Pitt being a "spent force" by the time favourable conditions had arisen. In Hague's opinion, Pitt's long premiership, "tested the natural limits of how long it is possible to be at the top. From 1783 to 1792, he faced each fresh challenge with brilliance; from 1793 he showed determination but sometimes faltered; and from 1804 he was worn down by ... the combination of a narrow majority and war". 7070: 49: 2051:, his political friend, to form a new administration. At about the same time, however, the king suffered a renewed bout of madness, with the consequence that Addington could not receive his formal appointment. Though he had resigned, Pitt temporarily continued to discharge his duties; on 18 February 1801, he brought forward the annual budget. Power was transferred from Pitt to Addington on 14 March, when the king recovered. 921:, but lost, coming bottom of the poll of the five candidates. Pitt had campaigned on his own merit, not as part of any group or with prominent backers. He explained to a friend that 'I do not wish to be thought inlisted in any party or to call myself anything but the Independent Whig, which in words is hardly a distinction, as every one alike pretends to it.' intent on entering Parliament, Pitt secured the patronage of 1066: 1044:. The result was a crisis from 1776 to 1783. The peace in 1783 left France financially prostrate, while the British economy boomed due to the return of American business. That crisis ended in 1784 as a result of the king's shrewdness in outwitting Fox and renewed confidence in the system engendered by the leadership of Pitt. Historians conclude that the loss of the American colonies enabled Britain to deal with the 1286:. Pitt, however, took the unprecedented step of refusing to resign, despite this defeat. He retained the support of the king, who would not entrust the reins of power to the Fox–North Coalition. He also received the support of the House of Lords, which passed supportive motions, and many messages of support from the country at large, in the form of petitions approving of his appointment which influenced some 1850:

their former slaves, and the expedition to St. Domingue could not be abandoned. The British attempt to conquer St. Domingue in 1793 ended in disaster; the British pulled out on 31 August 1798 after having spent 4 million pounds (roughly £500 million in 2023) and having lost about 100,000 men—dead or crippled for life, mostly from disease—over the preceding five years. The British historian Sir

1377: 1023:. He raised the issue of parliamentary reform in order to strain the uneasy Fox–North coalition, which included both supporters and detractors of reform. He did not advocate an expansion of the electoral franchise, but he did seek to address bribery and rotten boroughs. Though his proposal failed, many reformers in Parliament came to regard him as their leader, instead of Charles James Fox. 1907:

caused the latter to support the Crown. Realising that the Catholic church was an ally in the struggle against the French revolution, Pitt had tried fruitlessly to persuade the Dublin parliament to loosen the anti-Catholic laws to "keep things quiet in Ireland". Pitt's efforts to soften the anti-Catholic laws failed in the face of determined resistance from the families of the

1368:. In 1785, he introduced a bill to remove the representation of thirty-six rotten boroughs, and to extend, in a small way, the electoral franchise to more individuals. Pitt's support for the bill, however, was not strong enough to prevent its defeat in the House of Commons. The bill of 1785 was the last parliamentary reform proposal introduced by Pitt to British legislators. 1770:, which was written in the 1790s, but not published until 1817, one of the characters remarks that it is not possible for a family to keep secrets in these modern times when spies for the government were lurking everywhere. This comment captures well the tense, paranoid atmosphere of the 1790s, when people were being encouraged to report "radicals" to the authorities. 1350:, a constituency he had long coveted and which he would continue to represent for the remainder of his life. Pitt's new constituency suited him perfectly as he was able to act independently. Sir James Lowther's pocket borough of Appleby, which had been Pitt's revious constituency had strings attached. Now Pitt could really be the 'independent Whig' he identified as. 1920:

much opposed to Catholic relief and the repeal of their political disabilities which were contained in the Test and Corporation Laws. In much of rural Ireland, law and order had broken down as an economic crisis further impoverished the already poor Irish peasantry, and a sectarian war with many atrocities on both sides had begun in 1793 between Catholic "

1581:. The Prince, however, was a supporter of Charles James Fox. Had the Prince come to power, he would almost surely have dismissed Pitt. He did not have such an opportunity, however, as Parliament spent months debating legal technicalities relating to the regency. Fortunately for Pitt, the king recovered in February 1789, just after a 1294:. When he returned from the ceremony to mark this, men of the City pulled Pitt's coach home themselves, as a sign of respect. When passing a Whig club, the coach came under attack from a group of men who tried to assault Pitt. When news of this spread, it was assumed Fox and his associates had tried to bring down Pitt by any means. 1504:. The new tax helped offset losses in indirect tax revenue, which had been caused by a decline in trade. Pitt's two policies of suspending cash payments and introducing Income Tax were later cited by the French Minister of Finance as being 'genius'. As they had stopped the French from destroying Britain's economy. 2130:. Although Addington had previously invited him to join the Cabinet, Pitt preferred to join the Opposition, becoming increasingly critical of the government's policies. Addington, unable to face the combined opposition of Pitt and Fox, saw his majority gradually evaporate and resigned in late April 1804. 2525:

considers the unfinished abolition of the slave trade to be Pitt's greatest failure. He notes that by the end of Pitt's career, conditions were in place that would have allowed a skillful attempt to pass an abolition bill to succeed, partly because of the long campaigning Pitt had encouraged with his

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With a population of 16 million, the United Kingdom was barely half the size of France, which had a population of 30 million. In terms of soldiers, however, the French numerical advantage was offset by British subsidies that paid for a large proportion of the Austrian and Russian soldiers, peaking at

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Pitt finally returned to the premiership on 10 May 1804. He had originally planned to form a broad coalition government, with both the Tories and Whigs under one government. But Pitt faced the opposition of George III to the inclusion of Fox, due to the king's dislike. Moreover, many of Pitt's former

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is incorrect, stating there is much evidence of a "popular conservative movement" that rallied in defence of King and Country. Evans wrote that there were about 200 prosecutions of "radicals" suspected of sympathy with the French revolution in British courts in the 1790s, which was much less than the

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In 1776, Pitt, plagued by poor health, took advantage of a little-used privilege available only to the sons of noblemen, and chose to graduate without having to pass examinations. Pitt's father was said to have insisted that his son spontaneously translate passages of classical literature orally into

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Pitt was regarded as an outstanding administrator who worked for efficiency and reform, bringing in a new generation of competent administrators. He increased taxes to pay for the great war against France and cracked down on radicalism. To counter the threat of Irish support for France, he engineered

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by 50%, while increasing the roster of sailors from 15,000 to 133,000 in eight years after the war began in 1793. The British national output remained strong, and the well-organised business sector channelled products into what the military needed. France, meanwhile, saw its navy shrink by more than

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The British landed in St. Domingue on 20 September 1793, stating they had come to protect the white population from the blacks, and were able to seize some coastal enclaves. The fact that the British had come to restore slavery in St. Domingue inspired ferocious resistance from the Haitians, who had

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In 1788, Pitt faced a major crisis when the king fell victim to a mysterious illness, a form of mental disorder that incapacitated him. If the sovereign was incapable of fulfilling his constitutional duties, Parliament would need to appoint a regent to rule in his place. All factions agreed that the

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Pitt always paid careful attention to financial issues. A fifth of Britain's imports were smuggled in without paying taxes. He made it easier for honest merchants to import goods by lowering tariffs on easily smuggled items such as tea, wine, spirits, and tobacco. This policy raised customs revenues

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to gain the patronage he so greatly lacked while the king refused to support him. Fox stated the bill was necessary to save the company from bankruptcy. Pitt responded that: "Necessity is the plea for every infringement of human freedom. It is the argument of tyrants; it is the creed of slaves." The

2628:, in which Simon Osborne plays a fictionalised Pitt as a petulant teenager who has just come to power "right in the middle of exams" in the episode "Dish and Dishonesty". A fictionalised younger brother, "Pitt the Even Younger", appeared as a candidate standing in the Dunny-on-the-Wold by-election. 2537:

Having some of his father's volatility and much of the self-confidence bordering on arrogance, the younger Pitt inherited superb and carefully nurtured oratorical gifts. These gave him, like his father, unsurpassed command of the Commons and power to embody the national will in wartime. There were,

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making it unlawful to advocate breaking oaths to the Crown. In 1798, he passed the Defence of the Realm act, which further restricted civil liberties. Despite the major concerns to Britain's defences when the navy mutinied Pitt remained calm and in control. He was confident that the matter would be

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earlier in 1795, when the British landed a force of French royalists on the coast of France who were annihilated by the forces of the republic, Pitt had decided it was crucial for Britain to have St. Domingue, no matter what the cost in lives and money, to improve Britain's negotiating hand when it

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would not be inspired to revolt likewise. Many of those who owned slave plantations in the British West Indies had been greatly alarmed by the revolution, which began in 1791, and they were strongly pressing Pitt to restore slavery in St. Domingue, lest their own slaves be inspired to seek freedom.

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Another important domestic issue with which Pitt had to concern himself was the national debt, which had doubled to £243 million during the American war. Every year, a third of the budget of £24 million went to pay interest. Pitt sought to reduce the national debt by imposing new taxes. In 1786, he

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in 1795, when the latter had indicated he would support a bill for Catholic relief. In fact, the actions of Fitzwiliam had been encouraged by Pitt who wanted an excuse to remove itzwilliam and replace him with the Earl of Camden, however, Pitt had managed this feat without witnesses. Pitt was very

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wrote that Pitt and his cabinet had tried to destroy French power "in these pestilent islands ... only to discover, when it was too late, that they practically destroyed the British army". Fortescue concluded that Pitt's attempt to add St. Domingue to the British empire had killed off most of

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As the British death toll, largely caused by yellow fever, continued to climb, Pitt was criticised in the House of Commons. Several MPs suggested it might be better to abandon the expedition, but Pitt insisted that Britain had given its word of honour that it would protect the French planters from

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so that £1 million a year was added to a fund so that it could accumulate interest; eventually, the money in the fund was to be used to pay off the national debt. Pitt had learned of the idea of the 'Sinking Fund' from his father in 1772. Earl Chatham had been informed of the Welshman, Sir Richard

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launching a revolt to win independence for Ireland. Pitt took an extremely repressive approach to the United Irishmen with the Crown executing about 1,500 United Irishmen after the revolt. The revolt of 1798 destroyed Pitt's faith in the governing competence of the Dublin parliament (dominated by

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and bribes paid by the Treasury were normally expected to be enough to secure the government a comfortable majority in the House of Commons, but on this occasion, the government reaped much popular support as well. In most popular constituencies, the election was fought between candidates clearly

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Pitt was happiest among his Cambridge companions or family. He had no social ambitions, and it was rare for him to set out to make a friend. The talented collaborators of his first 18 months in office—Beresford, Wyvil and Twining—passed in and out of his mind along with their areas of expertise.

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grew. Influenced by the American and French revolutions, this movement demanded independence and republicanism for Ireland. The United Irishmen Society was very anti-clerical, being equally opposed to the "superstitions" promoted by both the Church of England and the Roman Catholic church, which

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Pitt maintained close control over Ireland. The Lord Lieutenants were to follow his policy of Protestant control and very little reform for the Catholic majority. When the opposition Portland group joined Pitt's ministry, splitting the Foxite opposition, Pitt was put in a difficult situation. He

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Throughout the 1790s, the war against France was presented as an ideological struggle between French republicanism vs. British monarchism with the British government seeking to mobilise public opinion in support of the war. The Pitt government waged a vigorous propaganda campaign contrasting the

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A constitutional crisis arose when the king dismissed the Fox–North coalition government and named Pitt to replace it. Though faced with a hostile majority in Parliament, Pitt was able to solidify his position within a few months. Some historians argue that his success was inevitable given the

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Pitt gained great popularity with the public at large as "Honest Billy" who was seen as a refreshing change from the dishonesty, corruption and lack of principles widely associated with both Fox and North. Despite a series of defeats in the House of Commons, Pitt defiantly remained in office,

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when it had powerful enemies and no allies, depended on extended and vulnerable transatlantic lines of communication, and was faced for the first time since the 17th century by both Protestant and Catholic foes. The defeat heightened dissension and escalated political antagonism to the king's

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ordered society of Britain dominated by the aristocracy and the gentry vs. the "anarchy" of the French revolution and always sought to associate British "radicals" with the revolution in France. Some of the writers the British government subsidized (often from Secret Service funds) included

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William Pitt the Younger was a prime minister who consolidated the powers of his office. Though he was sometimes opposed by members of his Cabinet, he helped define the role of the Prime Minister as the supervisor and co-ordinator of the various government departments. After his death the

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An early favourable response to the French Revolution encouraged many in Great Britain to reopen the issue of parliamentary reform, which had been dormant since Pitt's reform bill was defeated in 1785. The reformers, however, were quickly labelled as radicals and associates of the French

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By 1814, the budget that Pitt in his last years had largely shaped had expanded to £66 million, including £10 million for the Navy, £40 million for the Army, £10 million for the Allies, and £38 million as interest on the national debt. The national debt soared to £679 million, more than

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by threatening to regard anyone who voted for it as his enemy. Following the bill's failure in the Upper House, George III dismissed the coalition government and finally entrusted the premiership to William Pitt, after having offered the position to him three times previously.

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Pitt's debts amounted to £40,000 (equivalent to £4,100,000 in 2023) when he died, but Parliament agreed to pay them on his behalf. A motion was made to honour him with a public funeral and a monument; it passed despite some opposition. Pitt's body was buried in

1881:". The French expeditions to Ireland in 1796 and 1798 (to support the United Irishmen) were regarded by Pitt as near-misses that might have provided an Irish base for French attacks on Britain, thus making the "Irish Question" a national security matter. As the 6026: 1964:

shook the government (sailors demanded a pay increase to match inflation). This mutiny occurred at the same moment that the Franco-Dutch alliance were preparing an invasion of Britain. To regain control of the fleet, Pitt agreed to navy pay increases and had

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representing either Pitt or Fox and North. Early returns showed a massive swing to Pitt with the result that many Opposition Members who still had not faced election either defected, stood down, or made deals with their opponents to avoid expensive defeats.

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Many saw Pitt as a stop-gap appointment until some more senior statesman took on the role. However, although it was widely predicted that the new "mince-pie administration" would not outlast the Christmas season, it survived for seventeen years.

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One of Pitt's accomplishments was a rehabilitation of the nation's finances after the American War of Independence. Pitt made changes to the tax system in order to improve its capture of revenue, which helped manage the mounting national debt.

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In 1797, Pitt was forced to protect the kingdom's gold reserves by preventing individuals from exchanging banknotes for gold. Great Britain would continue to use paper money for over two decades. Pitt also introduced Great Britain's first-ever

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drawing attention to Pitt's lack of knowledge of women: "Tis true, indeed, we oft abuse him,/Because he bends to no man;/But slander's self dares not accuse him/Of stiffness to a woman." Others made snide references to Pitt's friendship with

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in 1790, Pitt took advantage of the alliance to force Spain to give up its claim to exclusive control over the western coast of North and South America. The Alliance, however, failed to produce any other important benefits for Great Britain.

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candidates to secure one of the two seats for the constituency. Great legal wranglings ensued, including the examination of every single vote cast, which dragged on for more than a year. Meanwhile, Fox sat for the Scottish pocket borough of

996:. Many Whigs who had formed a part of the Rockingham ministry, including Fox, now refused to serve under Lord Shelburne, the new prime minister. Pitt, however, was comfortable with Shelburne, and thus joined his government; he was appointed 789:

concludes that he was one of the greatest prime ministers "if on no other ground than that he enabled the country to pass from the old order to the new without any violent upheaval ... He understood the new Britain." For this he is

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argues that his personality did not endear itself to the British mind, for Pitt was too solitary and too colourless, and too often exuded an attitude of superiority. His greatness came in the war with France. Pitt reacted to become what

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ministers. Inside parliament, the primary concern changed from fears of an over-mighty monarch to the issues of representation, parliamentary reform, and government retrenchment. Reformers sought to destroy what they saw as widespread

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Pitt's lack of interest in enlarging his social circle meant that it did not grow to encompass any women outside his own family, a fact that produced a good deal of rumour. From late 1784, a series of satirical verses appeared in

1282:, Pitt offered Charles James Fox and his allies posts in the Cabinet; Pitt's refusal to include Lord North, however, thwarted his efforts. The new government was immediately on the defensive and in January 1784 was defeated on a 8675: 968:, make peace with the rebellious American colonies. Pitt also supported parliamentary reform measures, including a proposal that would have checked electoral corruption. He renewed his friendship with William Wilberforce, now 1346:. Many saw the dragging out of the result as being unduly vindictive on the part of Pitt and eventually the examinations were abandoned with Fox declared elected. Elsewhere, Pitt won a personal triumph when he was elected a 1115: 3049: 1003:

Fox, who became Pitt's lifelong political rival, then joined a coalition with Lord North, with whom he collaborated to bring about the defeat of the Shelburne administration. When Lord Shelburne resigned in 1783, King

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Though the Pitt government did drastically reduce civil liberties and created a nationwide spy network with ordinary people being encouraged to denounce any "radicals" that might be in their midst, the historian

2327:. Critical to his success in confronting Napoleon was using Britain's superior economic resources. He was able to mobilise the nation's industrial and financial resources and apply them to defeating France. 2034:

by granting concessions to Roman Catholics, who formed a 75% majority of the population in Ireland, by abolishing various political restrictions under which they suffered. The king was strongly opposed to

8670: 2521:, the year after his death. The 1792 Slave Trade Bill passed the House of Commons mangled and mutilated by the modifications and amendments of Pitt, it lay for years, in the House of Lords. Biographer 2303:

I return you many thanks for the honour you have done me; but Europe is not to be saved by any single man. England has saved herself by her exertions, and will, as I trust, save Europe by her example.

1838:, the much dreaded "black vomit", made conquering St. Domingue impossible, but an undeterred Pitt launched what he called the "great push" in 1795, sending out an even larger British expedition. 1699:, at this point Britain had only a very small standing army, and thus contributed to the war effort mainly through sea power and by supplying funds to other coalition members facing France. 1008:, who despised Fox, offered to appoint Pitt to the office of prime minister. But Pitt wisely declined, for he knew he would be incapable of securing the support of the House of Commons. The 2076:

Shortly after leaving office, Pitt supported the new administration under Addington, but with little enthusiasm; he frequently absented himself from Parliament, preferring to remain in his

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to oversee the affairs of the East India Company. It differed from Fox's failed India Bill 1783 and specified that the board would be appointed by the king. Pitt was appointed, along with

1337:, which contained one of the largest electorates in the country. In a contest estimated to have cost a quarter of the total spending in the entire country, Fox bitterly fought against two 1048:

with more unity and organisation than would otherwise have been the case. Britain turned towards Asia, the Pacific, and later Africa with subsequent exploration leading to the rise of the

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The general elections of 1790 resulted in a majority for the government, and Pitt continued as prime minister. In 1791, he proceeded to address one of the problems facing the growing

1427:. Further augmentations and clarifications of the governor-general's authority were made in 1786, presumably by Lord Sydney, and presumably as a result of the company's setting up of 1079: 2517:

Some of Pitt's domestic plans were not successful; he failed to secure parliamentary reform, emancipation, or the abolition of the slave trade although this last took place with the

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in September 1795 were fanatically committed to upholding Protestant supremacy in Ireland at "almost any cost". In December 1796, a French invasion of Ireland led by General

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The whole cost of the war came to £831 million. The French financial system was inadequate and Napoleon's forces had to rely in part on requisitions from conquered lands.

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the British army, cost the British treasury a fortune and weakened British influence in Europe, making British power "fettered, numbered and paralysed", all for nothing.

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was handled more repressively. Pitt refused to negotiate with Parker, whom he wanted to see hanged as a mutineer. In response to the 1797 mutinies, Pitt passed the

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Suffering from occasional poor health as a boy, he was educated at home by the Reverend Edward Wilson. An intelligent child, Pitt quickly became proficient in

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Pitt served as prime minister for a total of eighteen years, 343 days, making him the second-longest-serving British prime minister of all time, after

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began. Pitt's new government resumed the war effort yet again to confront the French and to defeat Napoleon. Pitt had initially allied Britain with

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both uttering powerful speeches against the restoration of Ochakov to the Turks. Pitt won the vote so narrowly that he gave up. The outbreak of the

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decisive importance of monarchical power; others argue that the king gambled on Pitt and that both would have failed but for a run of good fortune.

8456: 7227: 7124: 6836: 6815: 6801: 6633: 6578: 2315:(December 1805). After hearing the news of Austerlitz Pitt referred to a map of Europe, "Roll up that map; it will not be wanted these ten years." 2204: 1013: 2339:

half. The system of smuggling finished products into the continent undermined French efforts to ruin the British economy by cutting off markets.

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Turner, Simon. 'I will not alter an Iota for any Mans Opinion upon Earth': "James Gillray's Portraits of William Pitt the Younger" in Kim Sloan

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organised Pitt's enemies and launched a public opinion campaign. Pitt had become alarmed at the opposition to his Russian policy in parliament,

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as part of the Union. He created the "new Toryism", which revived the Tory Party and enabled it to stay in power for the next quarter-century.

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ended in 1783, the newly formed United States refused to accept further convicts. Pitt's government took the decision to settle what is now

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supporters, including the allies of Addington, joined the Opposition. Thus, Pitt's second ministry was considerably weaker than his first.

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that began when he was advised to consume it to deal with his chronic ill-health. On 23 January 1806, Pitt died at Bowling Green House on

2347:. It was willingly supported by hundreds of thousands of investors and tax payers, despite the higher taxes on land and a new income tax. 7501: 6515: 6501: 6175: 6102: 2200: 2031: 5991: 3602: 8241: 8221: 8211: 7872: 7712: 7516: 7100: 6752: 6738: 3214: 2192: 1541: 627: 8710: 8665: 7506: 6508: 1912: 7405: 7377: 7332: 6829: 6766: 6745: 6724: 6689: 6668: 2010:, was formed, but it, too, failed to overcome the French. The fall of the Second Coalition with the defeat of the Austrians at the 1343: 1334: 718:

from January 1801. He left office in March 1801, but served as prime minister again from 1804 until his death in 1806. He was also

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Britain used its economic power to expand the Royal Navy, doubling the number of frigates and increasing the number of the larger

2299:'s Banquet toasting him as "the Saviour of Europe", Pitt responded in a few words that became the most famous speech of his life: 2279:

and undermining French naval activities, Pitt's efforts proved a success and thanks to his efforts, the United Kingdom joined the

1797:, the richest French colony in the world, believing this would strike a great blow at France while bringing St. Domingue into the 8630: 8406: 8251: 8014: 7997: 7752: 7727: 6647: 6487: 6326: 5960: 2482: 2188: 495: 1392:

His administration secure, Pitt could begin to enact his agenda. His first major piece of legislation as prime minister was the

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The setbacks took a toll on Pitt's health. He had long suffered from poor health, beginning in childhood, and was plagued with

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In Parliament, the youthful Pitt cast aside his tendency to be withdrawn in public, emerging as a noted debater right from his

1205: 8720: 8635: 8466: 8120: 7603: 7598: 7578: 7490: 7479: 7093: 6661: 6550: 6302: 5555: 5504: 5429: 5269: 5238: 5207: 5162: 3108: 2084:—before 1802 usually spending an annual late-summer holiday there, and later often present from the spring until the autumn. 1492:

Price's idea, Pitt approved of the idea and adopted it when he was in office. By 1792, the debt had fallen to £170 million.

1405: 1287: 969: 864:, on 26 April 1773, a month before turning fourteen, going up to Cambridge in October 1773. He studied political philosophy, 483: 455: 410: 5168: 3422: 844:, Pitt exhibited the brilliance and dynamism of his father's line, and the determined, methodical nature of the Grenvilles. 8506: 8166: 7837: 7817: 7807: 7742: 7652: 7372: 7322: 6703: 6682: 6571: 6458: 6309: 6182: 5075: 5054: 5033: 4893: 3665: 3265: 2220: 993: 934: 926: 715: 460: 71: 5593:

Henry Dundas: First Viscount Melville, 1741–1811, Political Manager of Scotland, Statesman, Administrator of British India

8680: 8266: 8063: 7614: 7362: 7337: 6402: 6394: 6360: 2552: 2288: 2228: 2216: 1807: 1540:

by Pitt's subscription to the view of the Prussian government that the Triple Alliance could not with impunity allow the

1185: 922: 4681: 2974: 1664:

but lost. Parliament began to enact repressive legislation in order to silence the reformers. Individuals who published

8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 7662: 7562: 7352: 7342: 5704: 5383: 5099: 2474: 2196: 2176: 1620:, a position whose incumbent was responsible for the coastal defences of the realm. The king had in 1791 offered him a 1601: 4980: 4704:

Sack, J. J. (1987). "The Memory of Burke and the Memory of Pitt: English Conservatism Confronts Its Past, 1806-1829".

1564:

and its attendant wars temporarily united Britain and Russia in an ideological alliance against French republicanism.

8730: 8585: 8546: 8481: 8085: 8073: 7435: 7277: 6543: 5523: 5469: 5448: 5406: 5345: 5326: 5123: 4646: 2867: 1680:, which restricted the formation of societies or organisations that favoured political reforms. Problems manning the 1648: 1537: 1409: 938: 821: 600: 4565: 2990: 1695:

The war with France was extremely expensive, straining Great Britain's finances. Unlike in the latter stages of the

8715: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7317: 6373: 2682: 2453: 2353: 1778: 1162: 1142: 833: 604: 590: 5189:

Soldiers, Sugar, and Seapower: The British Expeditions to the West Indies and the War Against Revolutionary France

4958: 3432: 2588:

Pitt's attempts during his tenure as prime minister to cope with the dementia of King George III are portrayed by

8391: 8053: 7636: 7457: 7400: 7382: 7307: 7252: 6271: 6079: 4102: 3752: 2077: 2072:(1804), Gillray caricatured Pitt as a doctor kicking Addington (the previous doctor) out of Britannia's sickroom. 1617: 1578: 953: 786: 785:

said, "For personal purity, disinterestedness and love of this country, I have never known his equal." Historian

164: 4612: 1321:

ensued. An electoral defeat for the government was out of the question because Pitt enjoyed the support of King

8695: 8206: 8196: 8186: 8037: 7827: 7630: 6759: 6717: 6146: 4587: 2725: 2477:, Secretary to the Treasury. At the height of the constitutional crisis in 1784, Sheridan had compared Pitt to 1941: 1625: 1613: 1190: 989: 880:, who became a close personal friend and looked after Pitt whilst at University. Pitt later appointed Pretyman 750: 746: 337: 5899:

Sack, J. J. "The Memory of Burke and the Memory of Pitt: English Conservatism Confronts its Past, 1806–1829",

5697: 5693: 3916: 8690: 8685: 8421: 8281: 7747: 7732: 7292: 6522: 2244:

By the time Pitt became prime minister in 1804, the war in Europe had been escalating for sometime since the

2212: 2180: 1978: 1318: 1212: 1084: 5365: 3784: 2917:, which was unknown at this time. If protracted and untreated, it has serious mentally debilitating effects. 1302: 1114: 8095: 8068: 3130: 961: 5969: 1873:

families). Thinking a less sectarian and more conciliatory approach would have avoided the uprising, Pitt

1822:, slavery, and discrimination against mixed-race colonists, a move that drew criticism from abolitionists 941:

in January 1781. Pitt's entry into parliament is somewhat ironic as he later railed against the very same

8156: 8130: 8110: 7526: 7468: 7262: 7116: 6675: 6557: 6318: 6298: 6289: 6264: 6054: 5778:

Kelly, Paul. "British Politics, 1783-4: The Emergence and Triumph of the Younger Pitt's Administration",

5518: 2422: 2324: 2224: 1916: 1673: 997: 861: 719: 616: 216: 3679:

Hoh-Cheung; Mui, Lorna H. (1961). "William Pitt and the Enforcement of the Commutation Act, 1784-1788".

3415:

Paul Kelly, "British Politics, 1783-4: The Emergence and Triumph of the Younger Pitt's Administration",

888:, and drew upon his advice throughout his political career. While at Cambridge, he befriended the young 8650: 5528: 3713:

Thompson, S. J.; "The first income tax, political arithmetic, and the measurement of economic growth";

2594: 2249: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1903: 1811: 1597: 1482:

and George III awash with treasury funds to cover royal debts, with Pitt handing them another moneybag.

1443: 1397: 1314:

watching the Coalition's majority shrink as some Members of Parliament left the Opposition to abstain.

942: 2452:, to whom Pitt had grown close. Pitt broke off the potential marriage in 1797, writing to her father, 1544:

in Eastern Europe to be disturbed. In peace talks with the Ottomans, Russia refused to return the key

7242: 5579: 5543: 5492: 5184: 2816: 2729: 2603: 2160: 2119: 1974: 1842: 1685: 1637: 1455: 1421: 1248:

Pitt, at the age of 24, became Great Britain's youngest prime minister ever. The contemporary satire

1642: 8291: 7302: 6850: 6471: 6166: 6093: 5109: 3819:

Gronbeck, Bruce E. (Fall 1970). "Government's Stance in Crisis: A Case Study of Pitt the Younger".

2503: 2064: 2040: 1525: 1231:

king was opposed to the bill; when it passed in the House of Commons, he secured its defeat in the

1041: 707: 8401: 8276: 8261: 8256: 8246: 8236: 8226: 8079: 7737: 7717: 7707: 7687: 7672: 6822: 6808: 6794: 6780: 6330: 2658: 2088: 1896: 1865: 1307: 1283: 1009: 706:(28 May 1759 – 23 January 1806) was a British statesman, the youngest and last prime minister of 681: 677: 5280: 2445:. Each of these bottles would be around 350 millilitres (12 US fl oz) in volume. 7677: 7287: 6427: 5226: 2366: 1937: 1874: 1851: 1737: 1513: 727: 6414: 5319:

The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000

3794: 3762: 3000: 2984: 2047:. Pitt, unable to change the king's strong views, resigned on 16 February 1801 so as to allow 8431: 7312: 7132: 5985: 4402:

O'Brien, Patrick; "Political Biography and Pitt the Younger as Chancellor of the Exchequer";

2852: 2411: 2036: 2015: 1908: 1882: 1870: 1646:

Pitt (standing centre) addressing the Commons on the outbreak of the war with France (1793);

1049: 1036: 762: 2107:. He rented land abutting the Castle to farm on which to lay out trees and walks. His niece 1841:

In November 1795, some 218 ships left Portsmouth for St. Domingue. After the failure of the

8700: 8595: 8590: 8105: 7620: 7192: 7177: 5829:

The Grenvillites, 1801–29: Party Politics and Factionalism in the Age of Pitt and Liverpool

2913:

The consensus view among historians is that the king was suffering from the blood disorder

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Ledger-Lomas, Michael. "The Character of Pitt the Younger and Party Politics, 1830–1860."

3911:

Jennifer Mori, "Languages of Loyalism: Patriotism, Nationhood and the State in the 1790s"

8: 8341: 7822: 7802: 7541: 7531: 7212: 6913: 6344: 6047: 5871:

Ledger-Lomas, Michael. "The Character of Pitt the Younger and Party Politics, 1830–1860"

5646:

Leonard, Dick. "William Pitt, the Younger—Reformer Turned Reactionary?." in Leonard, ed.

2744: 2612: 2527: 2292: 1925: 1921: 1823: 1802: 1712: 1661: 1621: 1385: 1359: 1152: 1105: 1074: 889: 782: 438: 274: 5848:

Wilkinson, D. "The Pitt-Portland Coalition of 1794 and the Origins of the 'Tory' party"

5718: 5714: 4858:

Peters, Marie (23 September 2004). "Pitt, William, first earl of Chatham (1708–1778)".

3618:"History of New South Wales From the Records, Volume I - Governor Phillip - Chapter 1.4" 2122:. Everyone expected it to be only a short truce. By 1803, war had broken out again with 8306: 7867: 7787: 7772: 7762: 7496: 7484: 7474: 7446: 7202: 6864: 6215: 6170: 6161: 6097: 6088: 5904: 5839: 5811: 5790: 5755: 4783: 4775: 4729: 4721: 4465: 4457: 3900: 3718: 3696: 3617: 3464: 2846: 2581: 2456:, "I am compelled to say that I find the obstacles to it decisive and insurmountable". 2127: 2027: 1790: 1716: 1424: 1227: 1169: 973: 758: 711: 116: 5911:, shows that after his death the conservatives embraced him as a great patriotic hero. 5418: 5092:

A New Biography of William Pitt the Younger-Volume 1- Years of Establishment 1759-1798

1412:. The act centralised British rule in India by reducing the power of the governors of 753:" and was generally opposed to the development of a strict partisan political system. 8346: 8231: 8216: 8201: 8176: 8151: 8126: 8115: 7882: 7812: 7692: 7682: 7667: 7521: 7197: 6990: 6955: 6934: 6920: 6787: 6773: 6249: 6139: 6014: 5973: 5948: 5673: 5611: 5551: 5500: 5465: 5444: 5425: 5402: 5371: 5341: 5322: 5265: 5234: 5203: 5158: 5119: 5095: 5071: 5050: 5029: 4804:

Cobbett's Parliamentary History of England, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803

4787: 4767: 4733: 4642: 4469: 3774: 2789: 2783: 2407: 2362: 2344: 2335: 2265: 2044: 2011: 1752:

argued the picture of Pitt's "reign of terror" as portrayed by the Marxist historian

1582: 1561: 1557: 1439: 1290:

to switch their support to Pitt. At the same time, he was granted the Freedom of the

1174: 1045: 1032: 957: 917:

During the general elections of September 1780, at the age of 21, Pitt contested the

901: 881: 778: 738: 579: 370: 4520: 2832:, former home of Pitt the Younger and more recently a local curry house (now closed) 1548:

fortress. Pitt wanted to threaten military retaliation. However Russia's ambassador

8471: 8396: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8331: 8321: 8161: 8100: 8090: 7942: 7862: 7777: 7697: 7573: 7511: 7222: 7207: 7182: 6948: 6899: 6885: 6640: 6529: 6406: 6232: 5628: 4865: 4759: 4713: 4449: 3824: 3688: 3452: 2777: 2441:

Pitt became known as a "three-bottle man" in reference to his heavy consumption of

2245: 2123: 2115: 1995: 1949: 1766: 1733: 1549: 1019:

Pitt, who had been stripped of his post as Chancellor of the Exchequer, joined the

897: 837: 251: 8006: 5604: 4879: 3473: 2533:

Historian Marie Peters has compared his strengths and weaknesses with his father:

2307:

Nevertheless, the Coalition collapsed, having suffered significant defeats at the

8541: 8526: 8351: 8336: 8326: 8316: 8141: 7887: 7847: 7797: 7551: 7367: 7282: 7267: 7162: 6983: 6906: 6892: 6878: 6612: 6340: 6192: 6125: 5938: 5660:

Mori, Jennifer. "William Pitt the Younger" in R. Eccleshall and G. Walker, eds.,

5586: 5459: 5396: 5197: 5152: 5113: 5065: 5044: 5023: 4818: 4802: 4353: 2829: 2695:

near Windsor outside of Sydney, together with another township called Wilberforce

2557: 2280: 2276: 2208: 2184: 2048: 1991: 1827: 1729: 1696: 1677: 1479: 1035:

was a shock to the British system. The war revealed the limitations of Britain's

877: 742: 691: 239: 104: 5250:

Slavery, War and Revolution: The British Occupation of Saint Domingue, 1793–1798

5199:

Enter the press-gang: naval impressment in eighteenth-century British literature

4897: 4112: 3692: 3273: 2149: 2091:

in anticipation of a French invasion, acted as colonel of a battalion raised by

8676:

Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the University of Cambridge

8551: 8531: 8521: 8511: 8501: 8286: 8271: 8171: 8048: 7972: 7952: 7947: 7932: 7902: 7852: 7657: 7625: 7608: 7452: 7430: 7297: 7157: 7085: 6927: 6843: 6654: 6596: 6480: 5632: 5596: 5569: 5514: 4870: 4117: 3457: 3104: 2743:, Pitt Street and Pitt Lane were named for him, as British prime minister when 2710: 2699: 2672: 2661:, was founded in 1835 "to do honour to the name and memory of Mr William Pitt". 2478: 2295:, ensuring British naval supremacy for the remainder of the war. At the annual 2096: 2007: 1878: 1798: 1741: 1593: 1589: 1533: 1521: 1459: 1393: 1291: 1232: 930: 857: 825: 798: 4717: 3828: 8579: 8516: 8451: 8296: 7982: 7967: 7927: 7912: 7832: 7767: 7722: 7440: 7272: 7257: 7247: 7237: 7167: 7152: 7137: 7032: 7018: 6976: 6962: 6857: 5980: 5964: 5806:

Richards, Gerda C. "The Creations of Peers Recommended by the Younger Pitt",

5766:

Politics in the Age of Fox, Pitt and Liverpool: Continuity and Transformation

5257: 4771: 3445:

Kilburn, Matthew (24 May 2008). "Mince-pie administration (act. 1783–1784)".

2589: 2522: 2460: 2308: 2092: 2081: 1885:

did not wish to disband, Pitt made generous use of what would now be called "

1817: 1753: 1749: 1707: 1669: 1574: 1475: 1432: 949: 643: 5822:

From Jacobite to Conservative: Reaction and Orthodoxy in Britain c.1760–1832

4500: 3078: 1877:

that would make Ireland an official part of the United Kingdom and end the "

1757:

prosecutions of suspected Jacobites after the rebellions of 1715 and 1745.

1454:

of 11 vessels carried over a thousand settlers, including 778 convicts. The

8446: 8426: 8386: 8381: 8356: 8058: 7937: 7917: 7907: 7897: 7877: 7462: 7187: 7053: 7011: 6969: 6941: 6494: 6022:(Subscription ed.). Canterbury: Cross & Jackman. pp. 108–110. 5999: 5945:

Foundations of British Foreign Policy: From Pitt (1792) to Salisbury (1902)

5375: 3917:

https://academic.oup.com/ehr/article-abstract/118/475/33/473630?login=false

2863: 2809: 2640: 2573: 2449: 2433: 2395: 2179:

members with some former ministers of the previous ministry. These include

2104: 1933: 1929: 1835: 1794: 1725: 1653: 1609: 1605: 1553: 1488: 1223: 964:, as his father strongly had. Instead he proposed that the prime minister, 869: 54: 5935:

The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt, in the House of Commons

5527:. The Works of Thomas Carlyle in Thirty Volumes. Vol. XXX. New York: 2095:—he was also a Master of Trinity House—and encouraged the construction of 1676:, which restricted the right of individuals to assemble publicly, and the 8556: 8441: 8436: 8411: 8191: 8181: 7977: 7962: 7957: 7892: 7842: 7702: 7642: 7232: 7046: 7025: 6710: 6696: 5677: 5615: 5009: 2766: 2678: 2383: 1952:

militiamen and organised an intelligence network of spies and informers.

1834:

no desire to be forced into chains again. The heavy death toll caused by

1761: 1689: 1532:

Pitt was alarmed at Russian expansion in the 1780s at the expense of the

1512:

Pitt sought European alliances to restrict French influence, forming the

1470: 1451: 1401: 1381: 1250: 841: 815: 543: 5154:

The Origins of Empire, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume I

4750:

Cooper, Richard (1982). "William Pitt, Taxation, and the Needs of War".

4440:

Cooper, Richard (1982). "William Pitt, Taxation, and the Needs of War".

3722: 2498: 1936:(scheduled to coordinate with a rising of the United Irishmen) was only 1760:

However, the spy network maintained by the government was efficient. In

1222:

The Fox–North Coalition fell in December 1783, after Fox had introduced

8536: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8476: 8376: 7922: 7857: 7357: 7004: 6997: 6135: 5908: 5843: 5815: 5794: 5623:

Jupp, Peter. "Grenville, William Wyndham, Baron Grenville (1759–1834)"

4932: 4725: 2859: 2836: 2721:

was named after the rock formation's resemblance to the Prime Minister.

2624: 2486: 2358: 2272: 1681: 1501: 1322: 1005: 965: 769: 734: 611: 393: 185: 92: 48: 5759: 5357:

Arrogant Armies: Great Military Disasters and the Generals Behind Them

4779: 4461: 3899:(London: Home & Van Thal, 1949) available at the Internet Archive 3700: 976:, with whom he frequently met in the gallery of the House of Commons. 8416: 8311: 8301: 7782: 7039: 6871: 5398:

Understanding Prime-Ministerial Performance: Comparative Perspectives

2914: 2751: 2714: 2692: 2668: 2664: 2654: 2442: 2387: 2271:

The British government began placing pressure on the French Emperor,

2264:

and now renewed the alliance with Austria Prussia and Russia against

1536:. The relations between Russia and Britain were disturbed during the 1447: 1326: 873: 733:

Pitt's prime ministerial tenure, which came during the reign of King

5984: 5799:

Mori, Jennifer. "The political theory of William Pitt the Younger",

4588:"PITT, Hon. William (1759–1806), of Holwood and Walmer Castle, Kent" 8671:

Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Cambridge University

6030: 5233:(First Paperback ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4763: 4453: 2802: 2795: 2740: 2705: 2569:

William Pitt is depicted in several films and television programs.

2399: 1969:

the mutineers. By contrast, the more political "floating republic"

1928:". A section of the Peep o'Day Boys who had renamed themselves the 1665: 988:, was appointed prime minister. Pitt was offered the minor post of 865: 737:, was dominated by major political events in Europe, including the 5564:

Ehrman, J. P. W., and Anthony Smith. "Pitt, William (1759–1806)",

4823:. Vol. XXXIX. H.M. Stationery Office. 1790. pp. 391–738. 1604:

was divided into two separate provinces: the predominantly French

925:, later 1st Earl Lowther, with the help of his university friend, 6013: 5750:

Cooper, William. "William Pitt, Taxation, and the Needs of War",

5713:. (4 volumes); includes many extracts from Pitt's correspondence 2770: 2755: 2257: 2253: 1999: 1545: 1517: 1417: 1338: 6457: 5338:

Britain Against Napoleon: The Organisation of Victory, 1793–1815

6419: 5864:

Foster, R. E. "Forever Young: Myth, Reality and William Pitt",

5824:(Cambridge University Press, 1993), does not see Pitt as a Tory 2736: 2686: 2577: 2391: 2284: 2261: 2003: 1945: 1428: 1413: 1364:

In domestic politics, Pitt concerned himself with the cause of

832:. He was from a political family on both sides, as his mother, 568: 564: 5144:

The Making of Modern England 1783–1867: The Age of Improvement

1400:

and kept a watch over corruption. The India Act created a new

1026: 5887:

Research Guide to European Historical Biography: 1450–Present

5773:

From Pitt to Peel: Conservative Politics in the Age of Reform

2718: 1376: 853: 5458:

Wise, Leonard F.; Hansen, Mark Hillary; Egan, E. W. (2005).

4641:. Exhibition catalogs, No. 86. Cambridge University Press. 4409: 2379: 2111:

designed and managed the gardens and acted as his hostess.

2039:; he argued that to grant additional liberty would violate 1990:

Despite Pitt's efforts, the French continued to defeat the

829: 824:, was born on 28 May 1759 at Hayes Place in the village of 547: 5115:

British Foreign Policy in an Age of Revolutions, 1783-1793

4476: 3800: 2275:. By imposing sanctions, putting up a blockade across the 2018:(3 December 1800) left Great Britain facing France alone. 4896:. Amazinggracemovie.com. 23 February 2007. Archived from 4360: 4174: 4172: 2417:

Pitt was succeeded as prime minister by his first cousin

2410:

on 22 February, having lain in state for two days in the

2118:

in 1802 between France and Britain marked the end of the

960:. With the Whigs, Pitt denounced the continuation of the 794:

amongst all British prime ministers in multiple surveys.

5892:

Petrie, Charles, "The Bicentenary of the Younger Pitt",

4384: 4059: 3030: 2949: 2585:, which chronicles the historical events of Pitt's life. 2448:

At one point rumours emerged of an intended marriage to

1585:

had been introduced and passed in the House of Commons.

984:

After Lord North's ministry collapsed in 1782, the Whig

3840: 3838: 3581: 3579: 3529: 3527: 3502: 3500: 3170: 2967:

Charles Petrie, "The Bicentenary of the Younger Pitt",

2611:

in the role of Pitt, depicts his close friendship with

2159:(1805), Gillray caricatured Pitt uncorking a bottle of 722:

for all of his time as prime minister. He is known as "

8726:

Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Appleby

4912: 4421: 4256: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4199: 4189: 4187: 4169: 4132: 4025: 4023: 3960: 3926: 3924: 3879: 3877: 3300: 3266:"William Pitt 'The Younger' 1783–1801 and 1804-6 Tory" 2510:

conservatives embraced him as a great patriotic hero.

2043:, in which he had promised to protect the established 1672:

was suspended. Other repressive measures included the

1333:

A notable exception came in Fox's own constituency of

937:; a by-election in that constituency sent Pitt to the 8661:

Leaders of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom

5395:

Strangio, Paul; Hart, Paul 't; Walter, James (2013).

4839: 4827: 4655: 4538: 4372: 3615: 1744:(the last through the pension granted him in 1762). 907: 5692:(1912), solid, detailed study superseded by Ehrman; 4327: 4315: 4303: 4047: 4035: 3984: 3948: 3901:

https://archive.org/details/politicspressc170000aspi

3835: 3637: 3576: 3564: 3552: 3524: 3512: 3497: 3485: 3397: 3385: 3349: 1573:

only viable candidate was the king's eldest son and

986:

Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham

730:, who had also previously served as prime minister. 8036: 5655:

William Pitt & the French Revolution, 1785–1795

4244: 4232: 4211: 4184: 4144: 4083: 4071: 4020: 4008: 3972: 3936: 3921: 3874: 3862: 3463:The name "mince-pie administration" was created by 3373: 3337: 3325: 3288: 3195: 3145: 2618:Pitt is caricatured as a boy prime minister in the 1889:" to bribe Irish MPs to vote for the Act of Union. 8601:19th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom 5662:Biographical Dictionary of British Prime Ministers 5603: 5417: 5394: 5388:Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. IV 5046:The Younger Pitt, Vol. 2: The Reluctant Transition 4680: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4636: 3634:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) see pages 115 and 183 3215:"William Pitt, the Younger: Historical importance" 3060: 3018: 3006: 2980: 1668:material were punished, and, in 1794, the writ of 1614:capture of Louis XVI by the French revolutionaries 1431:with their own superintendent (governor), Captain 1012:rose to power in a government nominally headed by 5920:Burning Bright: Essays in Honour of David Bindman 5803:, April 1998, Vol. 83 Issue 270, pp. 234–248 5747:(1944), well-written surveys of the British story 3361: 2283:, an alliance that included Austria, Russia, and 2133: 8656:Leaders of the House of Commons of Great Britain 8577: 7115: 5780:Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 5067:The Younger Pitt, Vol. 3: The Consuming Struggle 4348: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4110: 3417:Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 2425:, a coalition which included Charles James Fox. 2365:, faces an equally huge monument to his father, 1474:In "A new way to pay the National Debt" (1786), 1055: 1014:William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland 749:, or "new Tory", called himself an "independent 5754:Vol. 22, No. 1 (Autumn, 1982), pp. 94–103 5282:A History of the English People in 1815, Book 2 4667: 4095: 3658:"Forever Young: Myth, Reality and William Pitt" 2631:In the series of prime ministerial biographies 1789:In 1793, Pitt decided to take advantage of the 1450:and found the penal colony in August 1786. The 1317:In March 1784, Parliament was dissolved, and a 876:and history. At Cambridge, Pitt was tutored by 210:Himself as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 6387:Member of Parliament for Cambridge University 5810:Vol. 34, No. 1 (October 1928), pp. 47–54 5457: 5025:The Younger Pitt, Vol. 1: The Years of Acclaim 4111:Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2024). 2996: 1688:in 1795 in addition to the existing system of 8641:Chancellors of the Exchequer of Great Britain 8022: 7101: 6443: 6352:Member of Parliament for Cambridge University 5703: 4339: 3678: 2681:is the main financial precinct street in the 2163:that is bursting out with puns and invective. 18:First premiership of William Pitt the Younger 8646:Children of prime ministers of Great Britain 5995:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 5857: 5650:(Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008) pp. 5–27. 5424:. Continuum International Publishing Group. 4864:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4562:The Private Life of William Pitt (1759-1806) 3599:"Why were convicts transported to Australia" 3451:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2357:The monument to William Pitt the Younger by 2323:Pitt was an expert in finance and served as 2087:From the castle, he helped organise a local 1902:Throughout the 1790s, the popularity of the 1815: 1438:Convicts were originally transported to the 6420:William Pitt the Younger navigational boxes 5539:(Batsford, 1962) "Makers of Britain" series 5524:Critical and Miscellaneous Essays: Volume V 5133:Black, Jeremy (2006). "Pitt and the king". 4518: 3131:"History – William Wilberforce (1759–1833)" 2032:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1073:It has been suggested that this section be 1027:Effects of the American War of Independence 8706:Tory prime ministers of the United Kingdom 8029: 8015: 7108: 7094: 6450: 6436: 6011: 4800: 2704:Pitt Water, a body of water in South East 1940:. To crush the United Irishmen, Pitt sent 1269:A kingdom trusted to a school-boy's care. 1267:A sight to make surrounding nations stare; 177:19 December 1783 – 1 January 1801 148:Himself as Prime Minister of Great Britain 47: 6003:interview with William Hague on his book 5709:Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt 5367:Criticisms on the Rolliad: Part the First 4869: 4580: 3456: 2647: 2615:, the leading abolitionist in Parliament. 2402:; he was unmarried and left no children. 2054: 1134:19 December 1783 – 14 March 1801 383:19 December 1783 – 14 March 1801 264:19 December 1783 – 14 March 1801 8736:People of the War of the First Coalition 7996:Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as 6382:Parliament of the United Kingdom created 5979: 5943:Temperley, Harold and L.M. Penson, eds. 5875:, Vol. 47, No. 3 (2004) pp. 641–661 5834:Simms, Brendan. "Britain and Napoleon", 5789:Vol. 47, No. 3 (2004), pp. 641–661 5734:The French Revolutionary Wars, 1787–1802 5382: 5289: 5225: 4933:"Pitt Club vote to allow female members" 4918: 4639:Cambridge Portraits from Lely to Hockney 4390: 3818: 3176: 2773:is named after William Pitt the Younger. 2546: 2497: 2459:Of his social relationships, biographer 2432: 2386:", which was worsened by a fondness for 2352: 2148: 2070:Britannia between Death and the Doctor's 2063: 1891: 1777: 1706: 1641: 1624:, but he suggested the honour go to his 1469: 1375: 1301: 745:. Pitt, although often referred to as a 5903:Vol. 30, No. 3 (1987) pp. 623–640 5838:Vol. 41, No. 3 (1998) pp. 885–894 5782:Vol. 54, No. 123 (1981) pp. 62–78. 5625:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 5601: 5570:online 2009; accessed 12 September 2011 5566:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 5513: 5370:(2nd ed.). London: James Ridgway. 5316: 4861:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4415: 3601:. Sydney Living Museums. Archived from 3467:, Lady Crewe, a Whig political hostess. 3448:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3444: 2698:Mount Pitt, second-highest mountain on 2287:. In October 1805, the British Admiral 1702: 1567: 1265:In whom Britannia to the world displays 912: 473:8 January 1781 – 30 March 1784 129:1 January 1801 – 14 March 1801 14: 8578: 6367:Parliament of Great Britain abolished 5896:(1959), Vol. 297 Issue 621, pp 254–265 5667: 5438: 5415: 5335: 5298: 5278: 5247: 5141: 5063: 5042: 5021: 4857: 4749: 4745: 4743: 4682:"He was something between God and man" 4521:"William Pitt the Younger (1759–1806)" 4506: 4494: 4482: 4439: 4427: 4354:"William Pitt the Younger (1759-1806)" 4002: 3954: 3806: 3758: 3717:, Vol. 66, No. 3 (2013), pp. 873-894; 3655: 3643: 3479: 3105:"Spartacus Educational – William Pitt" 3048: 3036: 2971:, 1959, Vol. 297 Issue 621, pp 254–265 2955: 2758:side, Pitt Street, is named after him. 2671:was named in 1788 by British explorer 2564: 2542: 2419:William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville 1911:in Ireland, who forced Pitt to recall 1612:. In August 1792, coincident with the 1348:Member for the University of Cambridge 836:, was sister of former prime minister 726:" to distinguish him from his father, 428:18 May 1784 – 23 January 1806 350:10 May 1804 – 23 January 1806 229:10 May 1804 – 23 January 1806 84:10 May 1804 – 23 January 1806 8606:Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge 8010: 7089: 6459:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom 6431: 6418: 6207:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 5542: 5491: 5363: 5354: 5307: 5256: 5216: 5195: 5183: 5150: 5132: 5108: 5086: 4930: 4845: 4833: 4693:from the original on 12 January 2022. 4678: 4661: 4544: 4509:, pp. 374–277, 406–407, 463–471. 4406:(1998) Vol. 83, No. 270, pp. 225–233. 4378: 4366: 4333: 4321: 4309: 4262: 4250: 4238: 4226: 4205: 4193: 4178: 4150: 4138: 4089: 4077: 4065: 4053: 4041: 4029: 4014: 3990: 3978: 3966: 3942: 3930: 3883: 3868: 3844: 3790: 3746: 3624:. Charles Potter, Government Printer. 3585: 3570: 3558: 3533: 3518: 3506: 3491: 3428: 3403: 3391: 3379: 3367: 3355: 3343: 3331: 3306: 3294: 3201: 3151: 3066: 3024: 3012: 1263:The matchless miracle of modern days, 1261:Behold the infant Atlas of the state, 1129:First premiership of Pitt the Younger 1077:out into another article titled 929:. Lowther effectively controlled the 297:10 July 1782 – 31 March 1783 6183:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 6084:19 December 1783 – 31 December 1800 5725: 5637: 5548:The Younger Pitt (Profiles In Power) 5497:The Younger Pitt (Profiles In Power) 5171:from the original on 18 January 2016 4703: 3079:William Pitt the Younger (1759–1806) 2234: 2030:, Pitt sought to inaugurate the new 1801:and ensuring that the slaves in the 1631: 1458:was formally proclaimed by Governor 1297: 1059: 994:William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne 927:Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland 716:prime minister of the United Kingdom 72:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 5648:Nineteenth-Century British Premiers 5531:(published 1904). pp. 152–167. 5231:The University Pitt Club: 1835–1935 4957:. Pittwater Library. Archived from 4740: 4558:"Bowling Green House, Putney Heath" 2289:Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson 2229:Secretary of State for the Colonies 1962:mutiny of the entire Spithead fleet 1808:Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville 1353: 1259:Above the rest, majestically great, 24: 5927: 5479: 4801:Parliament, Great Britain (1817). 4564:. 13 November 2013. Archived from 4300:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) p 390 3270:10 Downing Street – PMs in history 3111:from the original on 12 April 2010 1955: 1684:also led to Pitt to introduce the 1507: 1371: 908:Early political career (1780–1783) 25: 8747: 5954: 5880:Reader's guide to British history 5686:William Pitt and National Revival 5664:(Routledge, 1998), pp. 85–94 5441:The Reign of George III 1760–1815 4931:Hogan, Aoife (10 November 2017). 4679:Hague, William (31 August 2004). 3779:William Pitt and National Revival 3050:"Pitt, the Hon. William (PT773W)" 2868:William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham 2732:was named after Pitt the Younger. 1278:So as to reduce the power of the 979: 822:William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham 761:and tried (but failed) to secure 678:Trinity House Volunteer Artillery 601:William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham 8711:Prime ministers of Great Britain 8666:Lords Warden of the Cinque Ports 7069: 7068: 6374:Parliament of the United Kingdom 6310:Member of Parliament for Appleby 5852:Vol. 83 (1998), pp. 249–264 5202:. University of Delaware Press. 4973: 4943: 4924: 4886: 4851: 4811: 4794: 4697: 4630: 4605: 4550: 4512: 4433: 4396: 4109:"consistent series" supplied in 2981:Strangio, Hart & Walter 2013 2929: 2920: 2437:Arms of William Pitt the Younger 2428: 2291:, won a crushing victory in the 2138: 1442:in North America, but after the 1204: 1113: 1099: 1080:Premierships of Pitt the Younger 1064: 820:William Pitt, the second son of 626: 8038:Leaders of the House of Commons 6272:Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 6241:Leader of the House of Commons 6187:1 January 1801 – 14 March 1801 6080:Prime Minister of Great Britain 5961:1791 Caricature of William Pitt 5484: 5135:George III: America's Last King 4807:. Vol. XXIX. p. 1293. 4294: 4281: 4268: 4156: 4103:Gross Domestic Product deflator 3905: 3889: 3850: 3812: 3768: 3727: 3707: 3672: 3649: 3628: 3609: 3591: 3539: 3438: 3409: 3312: 3258: 3245: 3232: 3207: 3182: 3157: 3123: 3097: 3084: 3072: 2907: 2898: 2889: 2880: 2842:William Pitt Avenue, Deal, Kent 2239: 2215:, with Pitt's prominent allies 1998:, consisting of Great Britain, 1662:tried three of them for treason 1618:Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 1616:, George III appointed Pitt as 165:Prime Minister of Great Britain 8631:British MPs who died in office 6210:10 May 1804 – 23 January 1806 6147:Leader of the House of Commons 5690:William Pitt and the Great War 5118:. Cambridge University Press. 4519:Marjie Bloy (4 January 2006). 3622:Project Gutenberg of Australia 3616:George Burnett Barton (1889). 3219:Britannica Online Encyclopedia 3042: 2961: 2726:Chatham County, North Carolina 2134:Second Premiership (1804–1806) 2059: 2021: 1628:, the second Earl of Chatham. 1608:and the predominantly English 1538:Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792 1462:on 7 February 1788 at Sydney. 1239: 338:Leader of the House of Commons 13: 1: 5620:, a short scholarly biography 4820:Journal of the House of Lords 4287:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 4274:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 4162:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 4113:"What Was the U.K. GDP Then?" 3856:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 3733:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 3681:The English Historical Review 3664:. No. 63. Archived from 3545:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 3318:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 3251:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 3238:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 3188:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 3163:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 3107:. Spartacus-Educational.com. 3090:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 2942: 2839:, in British Columbia, Canada 2657:, a club for students at the 2318: 2213:Lord President of the Council 1994:, which collapsed in 1798. A 1979:Incitement to Mutiny Act 1797 1649:The House of Commons, 1793–94 1496:by nearly £2 million a year. 1254:ridiculed him for his youth: 1213:Coat of arms of HM Government 1056:First Premiership (1783–1801) 945:that had given him his seat. 804: 58: 27:British statesman (1759–1806) 8721:18th-century English lawyers 8636:Burials at Westminster Abbey 7117:Chancellors of the Exchequer 6224:Chancellor of the Exchequer 6117:Chancellor of the Exchequer 5831:(U. of Illinois Press, 1979) 5741:Years of Endurance 1793–1802 5461:Kings, Rulers, and Statesmen 5252:. New York: Clarendon Press. 4880:UK public library membership 3823:. 34 =issue=4 (4): 250–261. 3656:Foster, R. E. (March 2009). 3474:UK public library membership 2997:Wise, Hansen & Egan 2005 2873: 2728:was named after his father, 2369:, in a balanced composition. 1444:American War of Independence 962:American War of Independence 919:University of Cambridge seat 847: 7: 8080:Vacant (caretaker ministry) 6290:Parliament of Great Britain 6055:Chancellor of the Exchequer 6027:Biographies of William Pitt 5878:Loades, David Michael, ed. 5745:Years of Victory, 1802–1812 5610:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 5519:"William Pitt, the Younger" 5443:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 5401:. Oxford University Press. 5157:. Oxford University Press. 4637:Fitzwilliam Museum (1978). 3419:Vol. 54 Issue 129, pp 62–78 3054:A Cambridge Alumni Database 2423:Ministry of All the Talents 2325:chancellor of the exchequer 2225:First Lord of the Admiralty 2187:, former Foreign Secretary 2175:which consisted of largely 1917:Chief Secretary for Ireland 1674:Seditious Meetings Act 1795 1465: 998:Chancellor of the Exchequer 862:Pembroke College, Cambridge 720:Chancellor of the Exchequer 617:Pembroke College, Cambridge 217:Chancellor of the Exchequer 10: 8752: 8681:People from Hayes, Bromley 6033:(public domain audiobooks) 6020:Men of Kent and Kentishmen 5808:American Historical Review 5752:Journal of British Studies 5670:Pitt the Younger 1759–1806 5439:Watson, J. Steven (1960). 5321:. New York: Random House. 5191:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 5002: 4752:Journal of British Studies 4613:"William Pitt the Younger" 4442:Journal of British Studies 3056:. University of Cambridge. 2866:was named for his father, 2595:The Madness of King George 2576:portrays Pitt in the 1942 2250:War of the Third Coalition 2171:Nevertheless, Pitt formed 2142: 2014:(14 June 1800) and at the 1985: 1904:Society of United Irishmen 1858: 1812:Secretary of State for War 1635: 1598:Constitutional Act of 1791 1420:and by increasing that of 1398:British East India Company 1357: 1103: 943:pocket and rotten boroughs 840:. According to biographer 813: 8044: 7991: 7587: 7391: 7123: 7063: 6595: 6470: 6425: 6399: 6385: 6379: 6372: 6349: 6337: 6323: 6307: 6295: 6288: 6278: 6269: 6261: 6256: 6246: 6239: 6229: 6222: 6212: 6205: 6199: 6189: 6180: 6155: 6144: 6132: 6122: 6115: 6109: 6077: 6069: 6061: 6052: 6044: 6039: 6012:Hutchinson, John (1892). 5858:Historiography and memory 5642:, Oxford University Press 5537:William Pitt, the Younger 5340:. London: Penguin Books. 5294:. London: Bell and Daldy. 5094:. Independent on Amazon. 4718:10.1017/S0018246X00020914 4592:The History of Parliament 3913:English Historical Review 3829:10.1080/10570317009373664 3693:10.1093/ehr/LXXVI.CCC.447 2817:Saint John, New Brunswick 2730:Pittsboro, North Carolina 2683:central business district 2622:of the television comedy 2493: 2203:, former prime ministers 2120:French Revolutionary Wars 1638:French Revolutionary Wars 1456:Colony of New South Wales 1396:, which re-organised the 1306:William Pitt in 1783, by 1200: 1180: 1168: 1158: 1148: 1138: 1125: 1121: 1112: 990:Vice-Treasurer of Ireland 809: 697: 687: 673: 665: 657: 649: 639: 634: 622: 610: 596: 586: 575: 554: 530: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 489: 477: 466: 454: 444: 432: 421: 409: 399: 387: 376: 364: 354: 343: 336: 332: 325: 321: 311: 301: 290: 280: 268: 257: 245: 233: 222: 215: 203: 191: 181: 170: 163: 153: 141: 133: 122: 110: 98: 88: 77: 70: 66: 46: 34: 8731:Members of Trinity House 8586:William Pitt the Younger 6544:Chatham (Pitt the Elder) 6005:William Pitt the Younger 5947:(1938), primary sources 5585:30 November 2018 at the 5576:William Pitt the Younger 5420:Pitt the younger: a life 5416:Turner, Michael (2003). 5262:William Pitt the Younger 5219:William Pitt the Younger 5151:Canny, Nicholas (1998). 3858:see p 169 and Appendix A 2904:about £319 million today 2639:, Pitt was portrayed by 2553:Portrait of William Pitt 2504:George Street, Edinburgh 2373: 2248:in 1801 and in 1803 the 1971:naval mutiny at the Nore 1785:in the Caribbean in 1794 1773: 1622:Knighthood of the Garter 1526:Nootka Sound Controversy 1042:institutional corruption 8716:MPs for rotten boroughs 6788:Disraeli (Beaconsfield) 5992:Encyclopædia Britannica 5889:(4 vol 1992); 4:1640–46 5705:Stanhope, Philip Henry 5602:Jarrett, Derek (1974). 5529:Charles Scribner's Sons 5364:Short, D., ed. (1785). 5359:. Edison: Castle Books. 5299:Irvine, Robert (2005). 5290:Halcombe, J. J (1859). 5227:Fletcher, Walter Morley 4894:"Amazing Grace (movie)" 3715:Economic History Review 2935:about £55 billion today 2895:about £23 billion today 2886:about £40 billion today 2659:University of Cambridge 2331:about 450,000 in 1813. 2311:(October 1805) and the 1938:thwarted by bad weather 1897:Irish Rebellion of 1798 1866:United Irishmen Society 1579:George, Prince of Wales 1284:motion of no confidence 1031:Losing the war and the 904:in the summer of 1780. 781:of our reeling globe". 682:Cinque Ports Volunteers 327:Parliamentary offices 5901:The Historical Journal 5885:Moncure, James A. ed. 5873:The Historical Journal 5836:The Historical Journal 5787:The Historical Journal 5672:. Cassell Publishers. 5668:Reilly, Robin (1978). 5633:10.1093/ref:odnb/11501 5384:Stanhope, Philip Henry 5336:Knight, Roger (2014). 5317:Kennedy, Paul (1987). 5308:James, C.L.R. (1938). 5248:Geggus, David (1982). 5196:Ennis, Daniel (2002). 4871:10.1093/ref:odnb/22337 4706:The Historical Journal 3897:Politics and the Press 3458:10.1093/ref:odnb/95200 2926:about £5 billion today 2648:Places named after him 2561: 2506: 2491: 2438: 2370: 2367:William Pitt the Elder 2164: 2073: 2055:Opposition (1801–1804) 1899: 1875:sought an Act of Union 1852:John William Fortescue 1816: 1786: 1720: 1656: 1483: 1389: 1310: 1272: 1226:'s bill to reform the 728:William Pitt the Elder 8696:Younger sons of earls 8626:British MPs 1796–1800 8621:British MPs 1790–1796 8616:British MPs 1784–1790 8611:British MPs 1780–1784 7133:Eustace of Fauconberg 6282:The Earl of Liverpool 5986:"Pitt, William" 5355:Perry, James (2005). 5279:Halévy, Élie (1924). 5064:Ehrman, John (1996). 5043:Ehrman, John (1983). 5022:Ehrman, John (1969). 5016:. Constable & Co. 3809:, p. xx, Vol. 2. 2853:Auckland, New Zealand 2550: 2501: 2465: 2436: 2412:Palace of Westminster 2356: 2217:the Viscount Melville 2152: 2143:Further information: 2067: 2037:Catholic emancipation 2016:Battle of Hohenlinden 1924:" versus Protestant " 1909:Protestant Ascendancy 1895: 1871:Protestant Ascendancy 1781: 1710: 1645: 1473: 1379: 1358:Further information: 1305: 1256: 1104:Further information: 1050:Second British Empire 1037:fiscal-military state 860:. He was admitted to 763:Catholic emancipation 658:Years of service 605:Lady Hester Grenville 317:Lord John Cavendish 6265:The Earl of Guilford 6073:The Duke of Portland 6015:"William Pitt" 5303:. London: Routledge. 5221:. London: Routledge. 5217:Evans, Eric (2002). 5142:Briggs, Asa (1959). 4981:"The Pittsburgh 'H'" 4955:Pittwater.nsw.gov.au 3668:on 14 December 2013. 3039:, p. 4, Vol. 1. 2747:was founded in 1786. 2655:University Pitt Club 2637:Yorkshire Television 2609:Benedict Cumberbatch 2519:Slave Trade Act 1807 2489:throughout his life. 2313:Battle of Austerlitz 2156:Uncorking Old Sherry 2145:Second Pitt ministry 2109:Lady Hester Stanhope 2101:Royal Military Canal 1973:in June 1797 led by 1948:in 1797 to call out 1887:pork barrel politics 1703:Ideological struggle 1568:The king's condition 1524:in 1788. During the 1408:, who was appointed 1366:parliamentary reform 913:Member of Parliament 710:from 1783 until the 456:Member of Parliament 416:Cambridge University 411:Member of Parliament 198:The Duke of Portland 37:The Right Honourable 6345:Lord John Townshend 6112:Lord John Cavendish 6064:Lord John Cavendish 6048:Lord John Cavendish 6007:, February 27, 2005 5922:(2015) pp. 197–206. 5868:(March 2009) No. 63 5732:Blanning, T. C. W. 5595:(Oxford UP, 1931). 5292:The Speaker at Home 5264:. HarperPerennial. 5137:. pp. 264–287. 4900:on 27 November 2018 4687:The Daily Telegraph 4485:, pp. 205–228. 4418:, pp. 128–129. 4369:, pp. 529–533. 4105:figures follow the 4068:, pp. 370–372. 3781:(1911) pp. 589-607. 3605:on 2 December 2013. 2958:, pp. 148–149. 2762:Pittsburgh, Ontario 2613:William Wilberforce 2565:Film and television 2543:Cultural references 2528:William Wilberforce 2293:Battle of Trafalgar 2173:a second government 2041:his coronation oath 1960:In April 1797, the 1843:Quiberon expedition 1824:William Wilberforce 1803:British West Indies 1713:Gainsborough Dupont 1386:Sultanate of Mysore 1360:First Pitt ministry 1153:First Pitt ministry 1106:First Pitt ministry 1010:Fox–North coalition 890:William Wilberforce 783:William Wilberforce 439:Lord John Townshend 307:Lord John Cavendish 275:Lord John Cavendish 8292:Campbell-Bannerman 7998:Lord Chief Justice 6851:Campbell-Bannerman 6327:John Leveson-Gower 6216:The Lord Grenville 6162:Acts of Union 1800 6089:Acts of Union 1800 6040:Political offices 5771:Gaunt, Richard A. 5684:Rose, J. Holland. 5578:(1999) 110 pages; 5312:. London: Penguin. 4951:"Pittwater's past" 3775:Holland Rose, John 3465:Frances Anne Crewe 2847:Southport, England 2582:The Young Mr. Pitt 2562: 2507: 2483:Duke of Buckingham 2481:'s favourite, the 2470:The Morning Herald 2439: 2398:of his stomach or 2371: 2165: 2128:Napoleon Bonaparte 2074: 2028:Acts of Union 1800 1930:Loyal Orange Order 1900: 1791:Haitian Revolution 1787: 1721: 1717:Burrell Collection 1657: 1602:province of Quebec 1484: 1425:Charles Cornwallis 1390: 1311: 1228:East India Company 759:Acts of Union 1800 712:Acts of Union 1800 496:John Leveson-Gower 117:The Lord Grenville 8651:British duellists 8571: 8570: 8565: 8564: 8004: 8003: 7083: 7082: 6413: 6412: 6400:Succeeded by 6390:1801–1806 6356:1784–1800 6324:Succeeded by 6314:1781–1784 6279:Succeeded by 6250:Charles James Fox 6247:Succeeded by 6230:Succeeded by 6213:Succeeded by 6190:Succeeded by 6140:Charles James Fox 6123:Succeeded by 6062:Succeeded by 5974:10 Downing Street 5882:(2003) 2: 1044–45 5726:Scholarly studies 5638:Jupp, P. (1985), 5557:978-0-582-05279-6 5506:978-0-582-05279-6 5431:978-1-85285-377-8 5271:978-0-00-714720-5 5240:978-1-107-60006-5 5209:978-0-87413-755-2 5164:978-0-19-924676-2 4878:(Subscription or 4525:The Victorian Web 4265:, pp. 66–67. 4208:, pp. 68–69. 4181:, pp. 67–68. 4141:, pp. 75–76. 3969:, pp. 63–64. 3895:Arthur Aspinall, 3472:(Subscription or 3309:, pp. 62–65. 3081:HistoryHome.co.uk 2790:Cornwall, Ontario 2784:Kingston, Ontario 2717:National Park in 2592:in the 1994 film 2421:, who headed the 2408:Westminster Abbey 2396:peptic ulceration 2363:Guildhall, London 2336:ships of the line 2266:Napoleonic France 2235:Second government 2207:and Addington as 2201:Foreign Secretary 2045:Church of England 2012:Battle of Marengo 1967:George III pardon 1883:Dublin parliament 1810:, who was Pitt's 1783:European colonies 1632:French Revolution 1562:French Revolution 1440:Thirteen Colonies 1298:Electoral victory 1220: 1219: 1175:10 Downing Street 1097: 1096: 1092: 1046:French Revolution 1033:Thirteen Colonies 958:Charles James Fox 902:called to the bar 882:Bishop of Lincoln 739:French Revolution 714:, and then first 701: 700: 580:Westminster Abbey 501: 500: 371:Charles James Fox 16:(Redirected from 8743: 8691:UK MPs 1802–1806 8686:UK MPs 1801–1802 8147:Pitt the Younger 8137:Pitt the Younger 8031: 8024: 8017: 8008: 8007: 7393:of Great Britain 7110: 7103: 7096: 7087: 7086: 7076: 7072: 7071: 7056: 7049: 7042: 7035: 7028: 7021: 7014: 7007: 7000: 6993: 6986: 6979: 6972: 6965: 6958: 6951: 6944: 6937: 6930: 6923: 6916: 6909: 6902: 6895: 6888: 6881: 6874: 6867: 6860: 6853: 6846: 6839: 6832: 6825: 6818: 6811: 6804: 6797: 6790: 6783: 6776: 6769: 6762: 6755: 6748: 6741: 6734: 6727: 6720: 6713: 6706: 6699: 6692: 6685: 6678: 6671: 6664: 6657: 6650: 6643: 6636: 6629: 6622: 6620:Pitt the Younger 6615: 6608: 6606:Pitt the Younger 6588: 6586:Pitt the Younger 6581: 6574: 6567: 6560: 6553: 6546: 6539: 6532: 6525: 6518: 6511: 6504: 6497: 6490: 6483: 6481:Walpole (Orford) 6452: 6445: 6438: 6429: 6428: 6416: 6415: 6407:Lord Henry Petty 6380:Preceded by 6338:Preceded by 6296:Preceded by 6262:Preceded by 6257:Honorary titles 6233:Lord Henry Petty 6200:Preceded by 6133:Preceded by 6110:Preceded by 6070:Preceded by 6045:Preceded by 6037: 6036: 6023: 6017: 5996: 5988: 5970:Pitt the Younger 5894:Quarterly Review 5739:Bryant, Arthur. 5712: 5681: 5653:Mori, Jennifer. 5643: 5619: 5609: 5606:Pitt the Younger 5591:Furber, Holden. 5561: 5532: 5510: 5475: 5454: 5435: 5423: 5412: 5391: 5379: 5360: 5351: 5332: 5313: 5304: 5295: 5286: 5275: 5253: 5244: 5222: 5213: 5192: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5147: 5138: 5129: 5105: 5081: 5077:978-0-09475540-6 5060: 5056:978-0-09464930-9 5039: 5035:978-0-09455720-8 5017: 5014:The Younger Pitt 4996: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4985:Visit Pittsburgh 4977: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4947: 4941: 4940: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4875: 4873: 4855: 4849: 4843: 4837: 4831: 4825: 4824: 4815: 4809: 4808: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4747: 4738: 4737: 4701: 4695: 4694: 4684: 4676: 4665: 4659: 4653: 4652: 4634: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4516: 4510: 4504: 4498: 4492: 4486: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4437: 4431: 4425: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4400: 4394: 4388: 4382: 4376: 4370: 4364: 4358: 4357: 4350: 4337: 4331: 4325: 4319: 4313: 4307: 4301: 4298: 4292: 4285: 4279: 4272: 4266: 4260: 4254: 4248: 4242: 4236: 4230: 4224: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4182: 4176: 4167: 4160: 4154: 4148: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4099: 4093: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4057: 4051: 4045: 4039: 4033: 4027: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3919: 3915:(February 2003) 3909: 3903: 3893: 3887: 3881: 3872: 3866: 3860: 3854: 3848: 3842: 3833: 3832: 3816: 3810: 3804: 3798: 3788: 3782: 3772: 3766: 3756: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3731: 3725: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3687:(300): 447–465. 3676: 3670: 3669: 3653: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3632: 3626: 3625: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3595: 3589: 3583: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3477: 3469: 3460: 3442: 3436: 3426: 3420: 3413: 3407: 3401: 3395: 3389: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3341: 3335: 3329: 3323: 3316: 3310: 3304: 3298: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3276:on 7 August 2008 3272:. 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Chamberlain 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8307:A. Chamberlain 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8086:Pitt the Elder 8083: 8076: 8074:Pitt the Elder 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8045: 8042: 8041: 8034: 8033: 8026: 8019: 8011: 8002: 8001: 7992: 7989: 7988: 7986: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7823:N. Chamberlain 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7803:N. Chamberlain 7800: 7795: 7790: 7788:A. Chamberlain 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7763:A. 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John Murray. 5380: 5361: 5352: 5346: 5333: 5327: 5314: 5310:Black Jacobins 5305: 5296: 5287: 5276: 5270: 5258:Hague, William 5254: 5245: 5239: 5223: 5214: 5208: 5193: 5185:Duffy, Michael 5181: 5163: 5148: 5139: 5130: 5124: 5106: 5101:979-8333204790 5100: 5084: 5083: 5082: 5076: 5061: 5055: 5040: 5034: 5004: 5001: 4998: 4997: 4972: 4942: 4923: 4911: 4885: 4850: 4848:, p. 590. 4838: 4836:, p. 589. 4826: 4810: 4793: 4764:10.1086/385799 4739: 4712:(3): 623–640. 4696: 4666: 4664:, p. 581. 4654: 4647: 4629: 4604: 4579: 4549: 4547:, p. 578. 4537: 4511: 4499: 4487: 4475: 4454:10.1086/385799 4432: 4430:, p. 143. 4420: 4408: 4395: 4393:, p. 369. 4383: 4381:, p. 565. 4371: 4359: 4338: 4336:, p. 526. 4326: 4324:, p. 484. 4314: 4312:, p. 479. 4302: 4293: 4280: 4267: 4255: 4243: 4231: 4210: 4198: 4183: 4168: 4155: 4143: 4131: 4118:MeasuringWorth 4107:MeasuringWorth 4094: 4082: 4070: 4058: 4056:, p. 162. 4046: 4044:, p. 197. 4034: 4019: 4007: 3995: 3993:, p. 109. 3983: 3971: 3959: 3947: 3935: 3920: 3904: 3888: 3873: 3861: 3849: 3847:, p. 309. 3834: 3821:Western Speech 3811: 3799: 3783: 3767: 3751: 3739: 3726: 3706: 3671: 3662:History Review 3648: 3636: 3627: 3608: 3590: 3588:, p. 182. 3575: 3573:, p. 193. 3563: 3561:, p. 191. 3551: 3538: 3536:, p. 170. 3523: 3521:, p. 173. 3511: 3509:, p. 166. 3496: 3494:, p. 152. 3484: 3482:, p. 133) 3437: 3421: 3408: 3406:, p. 146. 3396: 3394:, p. 140. 3384: 3372: 3360: 3358:, p. 124. 3348: 3336: 3324: 3311: 3299: 3287: 3257: 3244: 3231: 3206: 3194: 3181: 3179:, p. 110. 3169: 3156: 3144: 3122: 3096: 3083: 3071: 3059: 3041: 3029: 3017: 3005: 2989: 2973: 2960: 2947: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2937: 2928: 2919: 2906: 2897: 2888: 2878: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2856: 2855: 2849: 2843: 2840: 2833: 2826: 2819: 2813: 2806: 2799: 2792: 2786: 2780: 2774: 2764: 2759: 2754:, a street on 2748: 2733: 2722: 2708: 2702: 2700:Norfolk Island 2696: 2690: 2676: 2673:Arthur Phillip 2662: 2649: 2646: 2645: 2644: 2635:, produced by 2629: 2616: 2601:The 2006 film 2599: 2586: 2566: 2563: 2544: 2541: 2540: 2539: 2495: 2492: 2430: 2427: 2375: 2372: 2345:double the GDP 2320: 2317: 2305: 2304: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2193:Home Secretary 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2026:Following the 2023: 2020: 2008:Ottoman Empire 1987: 1984: 1975:Richard Parker 1957: 1954: 1879:Irish Question 1860: 1857: 1799:British Empire 1775: 1772: 1742:Samuel Johnson 1704: 1701: 1636:Main article: 1633: 1630: 1594:British Canada 1590:British Empire 1569: 1566: 1534:Ottoman Empire 1509: 1506: 1467: 1464: 1460:Arthur Phillip 1394:India Act 1784 1373: 1370: 1355: 1352: 1299: 1296: 1292:City of London 1257: 1241: 1238: 1233:House of Lords 1218: 1217: 1211: 1203: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1189: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1178: 1177: 1172: 1166: 1165: 1160: 1156: 1155: 1150: 1146: 1145: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1123: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1072: 1070: 1063: 1057: 1054: 1028: 1025: 981: 980:Chancellorship 978: 931:pocket borough 914: 911: 909: 906: 849: 846: 811: 808: 806: 803: 799:Robert Walpole 787:Charles Petrie 768:The historian 699: 698: 695: 694: 689: 685: 684: 675: 671: 670: 667: 663: 662: 659: 655: 654: 651: 650:Branch/service 647: 646: 641: 637: 636: 632: 631: 624: 620: 619: 614: 608: 607: 598: 594: 593: 588: 584: 583: 577: 573: 572: 562:(aged 46) 556: 552: 551: 532: 528: 527: 523: 522: 519: 518: 515: 514: 511: 510: 507: 506: 503: 502: 499: 498: 493: 487: 486: 481: 475: 474: 464: 463: 452: 451: 448: 442: 441: 436: 430: 429: 419: 418: 407: 406: 403: 397: 396: 391: 385: 384: 374: 373: 368: 362: 361: 358: 352: 351: 341: 340: 334: 333: 330: 329: 326: 319: 318: 315: 309: 308: 305: 299: 298: 288: 287: 284: 278: 277: 272: 266: 265: 255: 254: 249: 243: 242: 237: 231: 230: 220: 219: 213: 212: 207: 201: 200: 195: 189: 188: 183: 179: 178: 168: 167: 161: 160: 157: 151: 150: 145: 139: 138: 135: 131: 130: 120: 119: 114: 108: 107: 102: 96: 95: 90: 86: 85: 75: 74: 68: 67: 64: 63: 52: 44: 43: 40: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8748: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 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6950: 6946: 6943: 6939: 6936: 6932: 6929: 6925: 6922: 6918: 6915: 6911: 6908: 6904: 6901: 6897: 6894: 6890: 6887: 6883: 6880: 6876: 6873: 6869: 6866: 6862: 6859: 6855: 6852: 6848: 6845: 6841: 6838: 6834: 6831: 6827: 6824: 6820: 6817: 6813: 6810: 6806: 6803: 6799: 6796: 6792: 6789: 6785: 6782: 6778: 6775: 6771: 6768: 6764: 6761: 6757: 6754: 6750: 6747: 6743: 6740: 6736: 6733: 6729: 6726: 6722: 6719: 6715: 6712: 6708: 6705: 6701: 6698: 6694: 6691: 6687: 6684: 6680: 6677: 6673: 6670: 6666: 6663: 6659: 6656: 6652: 6649: 6645: 6642: 6638: 6635: 6631: 6628: 6624: 6621: 6617: 6614: 6610: 6607: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6594: 6587: 6583: 6580: 6576: 6573: 6569: 6566: 6562: 6559: 6555: 6552: 6548: 6545: 6541: 6538: 6534: 6531: 6527: 6524: 6520: 6517: 6513: 6510: 6506: 6503: 6499: 6496: 6492: 6489: 6485: 6482: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6473: 6472:Great Britain 6469: 6464: 6460: 6453: 6448: 6446: 6441: 6439: 6434: 6433: 6430: 6424: 6417: 6408: 6404: 6397: 6396: 6388: 6378: 6375: 6371: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6362: 6354: 6353: 6346: 6342: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6321: 6320: 6312: 6311: 6304: 6300: 6294: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6274: 6273: 6266: 6260: 6255: 6251: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6208: 6198: 6194: 6185: 6184: 6177: 6172: 6168: 6167:Great Britain 6163: 6158: 6154: 6149: 6148: 6141: 6137: 6131: 6127: 6118: 6108: 6105: 6104: 6099: 6095: 6094:Great Britain 6090: 6086: 6082: 6081: 6074: 6068: 6057: 6056: 6049: 6043: 6038: 6032: 6028: 6025: 6021: 6016: 6010: 6008: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5993: 5987: 5982: 5978: 5975: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5965:James Gillray 5962: 5959: 5958: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5931: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5895: 5891: 5888: 5884: 5881: 5877: 5874: 5870: 5867: 5863: 5862: 5851: 5847: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5830: 5826: 5823: 5819: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5802: 5798: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5781: 5777: 5774: 5770: 5767: 5763: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5735: 5731: 5730: 5720: 5716: 5710: 5707:(1861–1862). 5706: 5702: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5666: 5663: 5659: 5656: 5652: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5636: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5617: 5613: 5608: 5607: 5600: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5588: 5584: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5538: 5535:Derry, J. W. 5534: 5530: 5526: 5525: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5489: 5473: 5471:9781402725920 5467: 5463: 5462: 5456: 5452: 5450:9780198217138 5446: 5442: 5437: 5433: 5427: 5422: 5421: 5414: 5410: 5408:9780199666423 5404: 5400: 5399: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5368: 5362: 5358: 5353: 5349: 5347:9780141038940 5343: 5339: 5334: 5330: 5328:9780394546742 5324: 5320: 5315: 5311: 5306: 5302: 5297: 5293: 5288: 5284: 5283: 5277: 5273: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5246: 5242: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5215: 5211: 5205: 5201: 5200: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5170: 5166: 5160: 5156: 5155: 5149: 5145: 5140: 5136: 5131: 5127: 5125:9780521466844 5121: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5110:Black, Jeremy 5107: 5103: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5079: 5073: 5070:. Constable. 5069: 5068: 5062: 5058: 5052: 5049:. Constable. 5048: 5047: 5041: 5037: 5031: 5028:. Constable. 5027: 5026: 5020: 5019: 5015: 5012:(1969–1996). 5011: 5007: 5006: 4986: 4982: 4976: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4946: 4938: 4934: 4927: 4920: 4919:Fletcher 2011 4915: 4899: 4895: 4889: 4881: 4872: 4867: 4863: 4862: 4854: 4847: 4842: 4835: 4830: 4822: 4821: 4814: 4806: 4805: 4797: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4758:(1): 94–103. 4757: 4753: 4746: 4744: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4700: 4692: 4688: 4683: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4663: 4658: 4650: 4648:9780521223119 4644: 4640: 4633: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4593: 4589: 4583: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4553: 4546: 4541: 4526: 4522: 4515: 4508: 4503: 4496: 4491: 4484: 4479: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4448:(1): 94–103. 4447: 4443: 4436: 4429: 4424: 4417: 4412: 4405: 4399: 4392: 4391:Stanhope 1862 4387: 4380: 4375: 4368: 4363: 4355: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4335: 4330: 4323: 4318: 4311: 4306: 4297: 4290: 4284: 4277: 4271: 4264: 4259: 4253:, p. 66. 4252: 4247: 4241:, p. 65. 4240: 4235: 4229:, p. 67. 4228: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4207: 4202: 4196:, p. 68. 4195: 4190: 4188: 4180: 4175: 4173: 4165: 4159: 4153:, p. 76. 4152: 4147: 4140: 4135: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4108: 4104: 4098: 4092:, p. 73. 4091: 4086: 4080:, p. 50. 4079: 4074: 4067: 4062: 4055: 4050: 4043: 4038: 4032:, p. 69. 4031: 4026: 4024: 4017:, p. 64. 4016: 4011: 4004: 3999: 3992: 3987: 3981:, p. 28. 3980: 3975: 3968: 3963: 3957:, p. 93. 3956: 3951: 3945:, p. 58. 3944: 3939: 3933:, p. 59. 3932: 3927: 3925: 3918: 3914: 3908: 3902: 3898: 3892: 3886:, p. 57. 3885: 3880: 3878: 3871:, p. 34. 3870: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3846: 3841: 3839: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3815: 3808: 3803: 3796: 3792: 3787: 3780: 3776: 3771: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3748: 3743: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3710: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3675: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3652: 3646:, p. 94. 3645: 3640: 3631: 3623: 3619: 3612: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3587: 3582: 3580: 3572: 3567: 3560: 3555: 3548: 3542: 3535: 3530: 3528: 3520: 3515: 3508: 3503: 3501: 3493: 3488: 3481: 3475: 3468: 3466: 3459: 3454: 3450: 3449: 3441: 3434: 3430: 3425: 3418: 3412: 3405: 3400: 3393: 3388: 3382:, p. 92. 3381: 3376: 3369: 3364: 3357: 3352: 3346:, p. 99. 3345: 3340: 3334:, p. 71. 3333: 3328: 3321: 3315: 3308: 3303: 3297:, p. 89. 3296: 3291: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3261: 3254: 3248: 3241: 3235: 3220: 3216: 3210: 3204:, p. 46. 3203: 3198: 3191: 3185: 3178: 3177:Halcombe 1859 3173: 3166: 3160: 3154:, p. 30. 3153: 3148: 3132: 3126: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3093: 3087: 3080: 3075: 3069:, p. 24. 3068: 3063: 3055: 3051: 3045: 3038: 3033: 3027:, p. 19. 3026: 3021: 3015:, p. 14. 3014: 3009: 3002: 2998: 2993: 2986: 2982: 2977: 2970: 2964: 2957: 2952: 2948: 2932: 2923: 2916: 2910: 2901: 2892: 2883: 2879: 2871: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2854: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2834: 2831: 2827: 2824: 2820: 2818: 2815:Pitt Street, 2814: 2812:, Nova Scotia 2811: 2808:Pitt Street, 2807: 2804: 2801:Chemin Pitt, 2800: 2797: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2785: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2651: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2605: 2604:Amazing Grace 2600: 2597: 2596: 2591: 2590:Julian Wadham 2587: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2572: 2571: 2570: 2559: 2555: 2554: 2549: 2536: 2535: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2524: 2523:William Hague 2520: 2515: 2511: 2505: 2500: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2464: 2462: 2461:William Hague 2457: 2455: 2454:Lord Auckland 2451: 2446: 2444: 2435: 2429:Personal life 2426: 2424: 2420: 2415: 2413: 2409: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2355: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2340: 2337: 2332: 2328: 2326: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2309:Battle of Ulm 2302: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2232: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2197:Lord Harrowby 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2162: 2158: 2157: 2151: 2146: 2139:Reappointment 2131: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2112: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2093:Trinity House 2090: 2085: 2083: 2082:Walmer Castle 2079: 2071: 2066: 2052: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2029: 2019: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1983: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1856: 1853: 1847: 1844: 1839: 1837: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1820: 1819: 1818:ancien regime 1813: 1809: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1784: 1780: 1771: 1769: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1755: 1754:E.P. Thompson 1751: 1750:Eric J. Evans 1745: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1718: 1714: 1709: 1700: 1698: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1670:habeas corpus 1667: 1663: 1655: 1651: 1650: 1644: 1639: 1629: 1627: 1626:elder brother 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1575:heir apparent 1565: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1505: 1503: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1487:instituted a 1481: 1477: 1476:James Gillray 1472: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1433:Francis Light 1430: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1369: 1367: 1361: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1340: 1336: 1331: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1315: 1309: 1308:George Romney 1304: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1276: 1270: 1255: 1253: 1252: 1246: 1237: 1234: 1229: 1225: 1214: 1207: 1199: 1193: → 1192: 1187: 1184:← 1179: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1137: 1131: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1100:Rise to power 1091: 1090:(August 2024) 1086: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1062: 1061: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1034: 1024: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1001: 999: 995: 991: 987: 977: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 950:maiden speech 946: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 923:James Lowther 920: 905: 903: 899: 898:Lincoln's Inn 893: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 845: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 817: 802: 800: 795: 793: 792:ranked highly 788: 784: 780: 776: 771: 766: 764: 760: 754: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 731: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 708:Great Britain 705: 696: 693: 690: 686: 683: 679: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 645: 644:Great Britain 642: 638: 633: 629: 625: 621: 618: 615: 613: 609: 606: 602: 599: 595: 592: 589: 585: 581: 578: 576:Resting place 574: 570: 566: 557: 553: 549: 545: 533: 529: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 497: 494: 488: 485: 482: 476: 470: 465: 462: 457: 453: 449: 443: 440: 437: 431: 425: 420: 417: 412: 408: 404: 398: 395: 392: 386: 380: 375: 372: 369: 363: 359: 353: 347: 342: 339: 335: 331: 324: 320: 316: 310: 306: 300: 294: 289: 285: 279: 276: 273: 267: 261: 256: 253: 250: 244: 241: 238: 232: 226: 221: 218: 214: 211: 208: 202: 199: 196: 190: 187: 184: 180: 174: 169: 166: 162: 158: 152: 149: 146: 140: 136: 132: 126: 121: 118: 115: 109: 106: 103: 97: 94: 91: 87: 81: 76: 73: 69: 65: 56: 50: 45: 38: 33: 30: 19: 8573: 8347:W. Churchill 8262:R. Churchill 8146: 8136: 8078: 7993: 7868:Thorneycroft 7813:W. Churchill 7773:Lloyd George 7738:R. Churchill 7635: 7613: 7563:Ellenborough 7561: 7556: 7546: 7536: 7497:Bilson-Legge 7489: 7485:Bilson-Legge 7475:Bilson-Legge 7467: 7445: 6956:Douglas-Home 6865:Lloyd George 6619: 6605: 6585: 6530:G. Grenville 6393: 6386: 6366: 6359: 6350: 6331:Richard Penn 6317: 6308: 6270: 6240: 6223: 6206: 6181: 6174:to form the 6156: 6145: 6116: 6101:to form the 6087: 6078: 6053: 6019: 6004: 6000: 5990: 5944: 5934: 5919: 5915: 5900: 5893: 5886: 5879: 5872: 5865: 5849: 5835: 5828: 5821: 5807: 5800: 5786: 5779: 5772: 5765: 5751: 5744: 5743:(1942); and 5740: 5733: 5719:vol 2 online 5715:vol 1 online 5708: 5689: 5685: 5669: 5661: 5657:(1997) 305pp 5654: 5647: 5639: 5624: 5605: 5592: 5575: 5565: 5547: 5536: 5522: 5496: 5485:Biographical 5464:. Sterling. 5460: 5440: 5419: 5397: 5387: 5366: 5356: 5337: 5318: 5309: 5300: 5291: 5281: 5261: 5249: 5230: 5218: 5198: 5188: 5173:. Retrieved 5153: 5143: 5134: 5114: 5091: 5066: 5045: 5024: 5018:(3 volumes) 5013: 5010:Ehrman, John 4988:. Retrieved 4984: 4975: 4963:. Retrieved 4959:the original 4954: 4945: 4936: 4926: 4921:, p. 1. 4914: 4902:. Retrieved 4898:the original 4888: 4859: 4853: 4841: 4829: 4819: 4813: 4803: 4796: 4755: 4751: 4709: 4705: 4699: 4686: 4657: 4638: 4632: 4620:. Retrieved 4616: 4607: 4595:. Retrieved 4591: 4582: 4570:. Retrieved 4566:the original 4561: 4552: 4540: 4530:11 September 4528:. Retrieved 4524: 4514: 4502: 4490: 4478: 4445: 4441: 4435: 4423: 4416:Kennedy 1987 4411: 4403: 4398: 4386: 4374: 4362: 4329: 4317: 4305: 4296: 4291:232-7, 248-9 4288: 4283: 4275: 4270: 4258: 4246: 4234: 4201: 4163: 4158: 4146: 4134: 4122:. 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Longman. 5499:. Longman. 5301:Jane Austen 4507:Watson 1960 4497:, p. . 4495:Knight 2014 4483:Halévy 1924 4428:Briggs 1959 4005:, p. . 4003:Geggus 1982 3955:Irvine 2005 3807:Ehrman 1969 3761:, pp. 3759:Turner 2003 3749:, p. . 3644:Turner 2003 3480:Ehrman 1969 3115:27 February 3037:Ehrman 1969 2956:Briggs 1959 2767:Pitt Street 2745:George Town 2711:Pitt's Head 2679:Pitt Street 2384:biliousness 2078:Lord Warden 2060:Backbencher 2022:Resignation 1762:Jane Austen 1738:John Reeves 1690:impressment 1452:First Fleet 1435:, in 1786. 1406:Lord Sydney 1382:Tipu Sultan 1344:Tain Burghs 1335:Westminster 1251:The Rolliad 1240:Appointment 842:John Ehrman 816:Pitt family 541:28 May 1759 479:Preceded by 434:Preceded by 389:Preceded by 356:Preceded by 303:Preceded by 270:Preceded by 235:Preceded by 193:Preceded by 143:Preceded by 100:Preceded by 8580:Categories 8372:Crookshank 8367:Chuter Ede 8222:Palmerston 8212:Palmerston 7599:Vansittart 7579:Vansittart 7517:Dowdeswell 7502:Barrington 7333:Cottington 7203:Harvington 7178:Willoughby 7173:de la Leye 7163:G. Giffard 7158:W. Giffard 7125:of England 6753:Palmerston 6739:Palmerston 6690:Wellington 6669:Wellington 6565:Rockingham 6537:Rockingham 6509:Devonshire 6488:Wilmington 6276:1792–1806 6244:1804–1806 6227:1804–1806 6151:1783–1801 6136:Lord North 6120:1783–1801 6059:1782–1783 5764:Derry, J. 5698:vol 2 free 5678:B001OOYKNE 5616:B002AMOXYK 5568:, (2004); 5088:Alter, J-M 4990:26 January 4965:11 October 4904:11 October 4882:required.) 4846:Hague 2005 4834:Hague 2005 4689:. London. 4662:Hague 2005 4545:Hague 2005 4379:Hague 2005 4367:Hague 2005 4334:Hague 2005 4322:Hague 2005 4310:Hague 2005 4263:Evans 2002 4251:Evans 2002 4239:Evans 2002 4227:Evans 2002 4206:Evans 2002 4194:Evans 2002 4179:Evans 2002 4151:Perry 2005 4139:Perry 2005 4090:Perry 2005 4078:Evans 2002 4066:Duffy 1987 4054:Duffy 1987 4042:Duffy 1987 4030:Perry 2005 4015:Perry 2005 3991:James 1938 3979:Duffy 1987 3967:Perry 2005 3943:Evans 2002 3931:Evans 2002 3884:Evans 2002 3869:Ennis 2002 3845:Hague 2005 3793:, p. 3791:Black 1994 3747:Black 1994 3586:Hague 2005 3571:Hague 2005 3559:Hague 2005 3534:Hague 2005 3519:Hague 2005 3507:Hague 2005 3492:Hague 2005 3476:required.) 3431:, p. 3429:Short 1785 3404:Hague 2005 3392:Hague 2005 3380:Canny 1998 3368:Black 2006 3356:Hague 2005 3344:Hague 2005 3332:Hague 2005 3307:Hague 2005 3295:Hague 2005 3202:Hague 2005 3152:Hague 2005 3137:11 October 3067:Hague 2005 3025:Hague 2005 3013:Hague 2005 2999:, p. 2983:, p. 2943:References 2860:Pittsburgh 2837:Pitt River 2794:Rue Pitt, 2625:Blackadder 2502:Statue in 2475:Tom Steele 2359:J. G. Bubb 2297:Lord Mayor 2273:Napoleon I 2181:Lord Eldon 2006:, and the 1682:Royal Navy 1502:income tax 1323:George III 1280:Opposition 1143:George III 1021:Opposition 1006:George III 966:Lord North 886:Winchester 814:See also: 805:Early life 775:Lord Minto 770:Asa Briggs 735:George III 640:Allegiance 612:Alma mater 537:1759-05-28 394:Lord North 186:George III 137:George III 93:George III 8542:Rees-Mogg 8527:Lidington 8457:MacGregor 8332:MacDonald 8322:MacDonald 8277:Gladstone 8257:Gladstone 8247:Gladstone 8242:Northcote 8237:Gladstone 8227:Gladstone 8177:Huskisson 8142:Addington 8121:Townshend 8101:Grenville 8091:Grenville 7888:Callaghan 7863:Macmillan 7853:Gaitskell 7718:Gladstone 7713:Northcote 7708:Gladstone 7688:Gladstone 7673:Gladstone 7615:Tenterden 7552:Addington 7542:Cavendish 7532:Cavendish 7522:Townshend 7512:Grenville 7491:Mansfield 7480:Lyttelton 7338:Colepeper 7303:Fortescue 7293:Sackville 7213:Stratford 7208:Wodehouse 7143:Leicester 6984:Callaghan 6949:Macmillan 6935:Churchill 6921:Churchill 6900:MacDonald 6886:MacDonald 6837:Salisbury 6823:Gladstone 6816:Salisbury 6809:Gladstone 6802:Salisbury 6795:Gladstone 6781:Gladstone 6704:Melbourne 6683:Melbourne 6648:Liverpool 6613:Addington 6572:Shelburne 6516:Newcastle 6502:Newcastle 6157:New title 5229:(2011) . 4788:144666348 4772:0021-9371 4734:154447696 4572:31 August 4470:144666348 2915:porphyria 2874:Footnotes 2752:Hong Kong 2715:Snowdonia 2693:Pitt Town 2669:Australia 2665:Pittwater 2633:Number 10 2443:port wine 1922:Defenders 1793:to seize 1764:'s novel 1719:, Glasgow 1666:seditious 1596:. 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