316:. In these shutters, although each part of the film is exposed for the rated exposure time, the film is exposed by a slit which moves across the film in a time (the "X-sync speed") of the order of 1/100"; although the exposure of each part of the film may be 1/2000", the last part of the film is exposed later by the X-sync time than the first part, and a brief flash will illuminate only a strip of film. FP bulbs burned close to full brightness for the full X-sync time, giving time for the moving slit to expose the whole frame with the light of the flash.
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356:). Instead of delivering one burst of light, the units deliver several smaller bursts over a time interval as short as 1/125 of a second. This allows light to be delivered to the entire area of the film or image sensor even though the shutter is never fully open at any moment, similar to FP sync.
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generally had one or more of S (slow) sync, M (medium) sync, F (fast) sync, or FP/FPX (flat peak) sync, designed for use with corresponding bulb types. These sync modes close the contacts a few milliseconds before the shutter is open, to give the flashbulb time to reach peak brightness before
364:
Many digital SLRs include an option to fire the flash just before the closing of the shutter, so that moving objects will show a streak where they came from and a sharp image where they were at the end of the exposure—useful for moving objects to convey a sense of speed. This mode is called
217:. In another creative use, the photographer of a moving subject may deliberately combine a slow shutter speed with flash exposure in order to record motion blur of the ambient-lit regions of the image superimposed on the flash-lit regions.
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equipment produces a very short flash. X sync is a mode designed for use with electronic flash. In this mode, the timing of the contacts coincides exactly with the full opening of the shutter, since xenon flashes respond almost instantly.
186:, the mechanism is usually a programmable electronic timing circuit, which may, in some cameras, take input from a mechanical shutter contact. The flash is connected electrically to the camera either by a cable with a standardized coaxial
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fire several times as the slit moves across the film. Electronic shutters used in some digital cameras do not have this limitation and may allow a very high X-sync speed.
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exposing the film. Class M bulbs reach their peak illumination 20 milliseconds after ignition, and class F lamps reach their peak at approximately 5 milliseconds.
127:
An example of improper synch. Either the flash is firing too late or the shutter speed is too fast (shutter moving vertically). Note the different exposure levels.
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Some modern xenon flash units have the ability to produce a longer-duration flash to permit flash synchronization at shorter shutter speeds, therefore called
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flashbulb is shown here. Like all "M" bulbs, its peak output was defined as occurring 20 milliseconds after applying electrical current. The
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within the shutter mechanism, which closes the circuit at the appropriate moment in the shutter opening process. In electronic
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offered V, X, and M flash synchronization, whereby V (German: "Vorlauf") was used in conjunction with self-timer.
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Faster shutter speeds are often better when there is significant ambient illumination, and flash is used to
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190:(for Prontor/Compur) 3.5 mm (1/8") connector (as defined in ISO 519), or via contacts in an
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FP sync was used with FP (flat-peak) flash bulbs designed specifically for use with
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had a peak luminous flux of 1.8 million lumens. Its rated luminous energy,
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offered FP, M, and ME bulb synchronizations, in addition to the X sync.
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The New Nikon
Compendium: Cameras, Lenses & Accessories Since 1917
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Stafford, Simon; Hillebrand, Rudi; Hauschild, Hans-Joachim (2004).
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Due to their construction, focal plane shutters, as used on most
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Photography -- Hand-held cameras -- Flash-connector dimensions
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445:. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization.
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flash is fired at the instant the shutter is fully open.
411:
Manual of
Photography: Photographic and Digital Imaging
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Special electronic flash units for focal-plane shutters
526:"How to Use Second Curtain Sync on Your Canon EOS 6D"
458:
The
Complete Idiot's Guide to Photography Like a Pro
254:
of a second before the point of peak luminous flux).
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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16:Synchronizing the firing of a photographic flash
229:The photometric output of the GE Synchro-Press
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178:) shutters synchronization is supported by an
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2149:Conservation and restoration of photographs
561:"Front and Rear Curtain Sync on your Flash"
1876:Comparison of digital and film photography
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2101:Photographs considered the most important
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111:Learn how and when to remove this message
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143:is the synchronizing the firing of a
408:Axford, Norman; et al. (2000).
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49:adding citations to reliable sources
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1638:Timeline of photography technology
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205:subjects that are backlit without
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36:needs additional citations for
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304:Cameras designed for use with
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1688:Painted photography backdrops
1620:Golden triangle (composition)
900:35 mm equivalent focal length
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265:) is the simplest mode; the
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1398:Intentional camera movement
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300:S, M, ME, F, FP, and V sync
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2091:Most expensive photographs
1443:Multi-exposure HDR capture
482:Confused about flash bulbs
279:single-lens reflex cameras
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565:UnderstandPhotography.com
388:Through-the-lens metering
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2025:Digital image processing
455:Stensvold, Mike (2002).
147:with the opening of the
2133:Photography periodicals
1693:Photography and the law
60:"Flash synchronization"
2045:Gelatin silver process
1069:Science of photography
1054:Photographic processes
1032:Perspective distortion
559:Farren, Peggy (2019).
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2232:Photographic lighting
1498:Schlieren photography
1042:Photographic printing
965:Exposure compensation
536:John Wiley & Sons
441:(November 25, 1992).
344:High-speed sync (HSS)
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137:flash synchronization
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1287:Straight photography
925:Chromatic aberration
338:Braun Paxette Reflex
314:focal-plane shutters
45:improve this article
2159:photographic plates
1834:Digital photography
1017:Hyperfocal distance
930:Circle of confusion
151:admitting light to
1653:Autochrome Lumière
1648:Analog photography
1473:Pigeon photography
1267:Social documentary
746:discontinued films
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180:electrical contact
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145:photographic flash
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2227:Flash photography
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2005:Collodion process
1941:Chromogenic print
1928:Color photography
1438:Multiple exposure
1413:Lo-fi photography
945:Color temperature
367:rear-curtain sync
360:Rear-curtain sync
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213:by using a small
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174:with mechanical (
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2010:Cross processing
1968:CMYK color model
1953:Color management
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1901:Three-CCD camera
1545:Miniature faking
1503:Sabattier effect
1120:Astrophotography
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461:. Alpha Books.
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414:. Focal Press.
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1418:Long-exposure
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1115:Architectural
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1074:Shutter speed
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1027:Metering mode
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940:Color balance
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905:Angle of view
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852:Manufacturers
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507:1-57990-592-7
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468:0-02-864387-9
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62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
2171:Polaroid art
2060:K-14 process
2055:Instant film
2050:Gum printing
2000:C-41 process
1985:Photographic
1886:Image sensor
1881:Film scanner
1535:Sun printing
1468:Print toning
1260:space selfie
1230:Pictorialism
1160:Ethnographic
1140:Conservation
1078:
1012:Guide number
1007:Focal length
568:. Retrieved
564:
539:. Retrieved
529:
496:
489:
477:
457:
450:
442:
439:ISO 519:1992
435:ISO 519:1974
430:
410:
403:
383:Guide number
370:
366:
363:
353:
349:
347:
334:leaf shutter
325:
318:
311:
303:
276:
262:
258:
257:
238:
235:No. 11
231:No. 11
200:
191:
169:
157:image sensor
140:
136:
130:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
2176:Stereoscopy
2035:E-6 process
2030:Dye coupler
1958:color space
1871:Digiscoping
1864:camera back
1779:Philippines
1708:Visual arts
1698:Glass plate
1683:Heliography
1582:Composition
1557:Ultraviolet
1513:Stereoscopy
1508:Slow motion
1493:Scanography
1408:Kite aerial
1353:Contre-jour
1245:Post-mortem
1235:Pornography
1215:Neues Sehen
1150:Documentary
1084:Zone System
1059:Reciprocity
985:Film format
915:Backscatter
893:Terminology
763:beauty dish
667:rangefinder
632:light-field
613:Photography
531:Dummies.com
484:Graflex.org
306:flash bulbs
207:motion blur
198:) bracket.
133:photography
2221:Categories
2166:Lomography
1987:processing
1936:Print film
1852:comparison
1819:Uzbekistan
1769:Luxembourg
1729:Bangladesh
1678:Dufaycolor
1658:Box camera
1615:Simplicity
1572:Zoom burst
1567:Xerography
1562:Vignetting
1552:Time-lapse
1540:Tilt–shift
1433:Mordançage
1423:Luminogram
1388:Holography
1383:High-speed
1363:Fill flash
1348:Burst mode
1326:Techniques
1307:Vernacular
1302:Underwater
1297:Toy camera
1277:Still life
1205:Monochrome
1195:High-speed
1145:Cloudscape
1135:Conceptual
1037:Photograph
1022:Lens flare
1002:Film speed
884:Zone plate
830:wide-angle
815:long-focus
395:References
263:xenon sync
203:flash fill
141:flash sync
71:newspapers
2111:Norwegian
2075:Stop bath
2020:Developer
2015:Cyanotype
1643:Ambrotype
1605:Lead room
1528:Slit-scan
1463:Photogram
1458:Panoramic
1368:Fireworks
1200:Landscape
845:telephoto
793:reflector
788:monolight
783:lens hood
768:cucoloris
709:safelight
620:Equipment
176:clockwork
166:PC-socket
2195:Category
1891:CMOS APS
1789:Slovenia
1717:Regional
1663:Calotype
1600:Headroom
1478:Redscale
1393:Infrared
1343:Brenizer
1317:Wildlife
1240:Portrait
1185:Forensic
1175:Fine-art
1110:Aircraft
1100:Abstract
980:F-number
960:Exposure
935:Clipping
910:Aperture
778:hot shoe
704:enlarger
699:Darkroom
570:June 28,
541:June 28,
377:See also
215:aperture
196:hot shoe
101:May 2020
2206:Outline
2142:Related
1824:Vietnam
1809:Ukraine
1744:Denmark
1724:Albania
1703:Tintype
1630:History
1595:Framing
1488:Rollout
1453:Panning
1403:Kirlian
1312:Wedding
1190:Glamour
1170:Fashion
1155:Eclipse
1125:Banquet
1047:Albumen
857:Monopod
835:fisheye
803:softbox
657:pinhole
647:instant
637:digital
336:of the
321:Nikon F
172:cameras
149:shutter
85:scholar
2204:
2193:
2121:street
2116:Polish
1804:Turkey
1799:Taiwan
1784:Serbia
1774:Norway
1749:Greece
1734:Canada
1333:Afocal
1292:Street
1272:Sports
1255:Selfie
1210:Nature
1165:Erotic
1130:Candid
1105:Aerial
1093:Genres
995:medium
872:Tripod
840:swivel
753:Filter
731:holder
726:format
627:Camera
504:
465:
418:
259:X-sync
221:X sync
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
2126:women
2084:Lists
2040:Fixer
1918:Pixel
1847:D-SLR
1794:Sudan
1764:Korea
1759:Japan
1754:India
1739:China
1523:Strip
1448:Night
1428:Macro
1338:Bokeh
1282:Stock
1250:Ruins
990:large
820:prime
798:snoot
758:Flash
736:stock
677:still
662:press
652:phone
642:field
390:(TTL)
290:DSLRs
267:xenon
261:(for
92:JSTOR
78:books
2154:film
1859:MILC
1358:ETTR
1220:Nude
1180:Fire
1079:Sync
877:head
825:zoom
810:Lens
773:gobo
721:base
716:Film
692:view
572:2021
543:2021
502:ISBN
463:ISBN
416:ISBN
326:The
319:The
64:news
1896:CCD
687:toy
682:TLR
672:SLR
369:or
354:HSS
292:).
287:D40
248:800
170:In
139:or
131:In
47:by
2223::
563:.
551:^
534:.
528:.
516:^
437:,
373:.
251:th
188:PC
159:.
135:,
605:e
598:t
591:v
574:.
545:.
510:.
471:.
424:.
352:(
246:/
242:v
239:Q
194:(
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
