49:
4302:
1123:
2021:
1045:"Modern Judeo-Italian in the Light of Italian Dialectology and Jewish Interlinguistics through Three Case Studies: Judeo-Mantuan, Judeo-Venetian, and Judeo-Livornese"
182:
4274:
1166:
1111:
4343:
2385:
1582:
1089:
445:'pipe (for smoking)' has three phonetic forms: in spoken as a single word or following a consonant, if preceded by a vowel as in
2836:
1828:
2768:
1315:
2571:
2566:
2510:
2398:
2351:
Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.
17:
2671:
2561:
1367:
2786:
888:
1137:
3625:
3685:
1104:
913:
141:
4377:
4336:
2973:
2578:
2378:
1681:
1257:
868:
3773:
3674:
3644:
3581:
3259:
4362:
3708:
3111:
485:
461:
457:
438:
419:
415:
403:
396:
389:
381:
377:
373:
4149:
3587:
2556:
2485:
1097:
963:
491:'dinner' has three phonetic forms, , and . In both cases, the weakest variant appears between vowels (
4329:
3870:
3442:
2877:
2435:
2371:
1884:
1473:
1119:
4372:
3457:
3369:
2978:
2819:
2534:
2463:
2445:
2428:
2423:
2413:
1697:
1206:
1062:
136:
116:
4162:
4066:
2939:
2887:
2666:
2614:
1963:
1954:
1359:
348:
3530:
3121:
3075:
2956:
2929:
2868:
2805:
2751:
2458:
2418:
2123:
2108:
1894:
1802:
1659:
1536:
1339:
1019:"On Florentine Lingo: How Those Who "Invented Italian" Became the Ones Italians Can't Understand"
283:
131:
106:
48:
3126:
4248:
3464:
2882:
2828:
2480:
2249:
2166:
2081:
1889:
1599:
319:
315:
4280:
4225:
4031:
4026:
3679:
3657:
3548:
3476:
3299:
2961:
2724:
2312:
2161:
1665:
1508:
1305:
4317:
3944:
2912:
1631:
4230:
4004:
3620:
3593:
3519:
3379:
3178:
3106:
3058:
3052:
3015:
2998:
2156:
2133:
1904:
1764:
1718:
1459:
368:(literally 'Tuscan throat'), a consonant-weakening rule widespread in Tuscany in which the
4014:
3427:
2495:
2058:
2050:
1571:
1158:
1142:
464:
are also typical of
Florentine but by no means confined to it or even to Tuscan. The word
8:
3715:
3607:
3575:
3569:
3190:
3150:
3116:
2944:
2708:
2103:
2064:
1808:
1454:
1287:
1262:
775:
The
Florentine dialect has several unique phrases as compared the other Tuscan dialects.
331:
It became a second prestige language alongside Latin and was used as such for centuries.
3978:
3411:
3086:
3020:
2238:
1785:
1563:
991:
294:, when it was established in 1861. It is the most widely spoken of the Tuscan dialects.
4220:
3949:
3805:
3763:
3729:
3723:
3613:
3556:
3513:
3496:
3234:
3227:
3063:
2851:
2792:
2636:
2515:
2453:
2090:
1899:
1849:
1446:
1437:
1423:
1186:
1127:
430:
426:
307:
3998:
2490:
216:
4367:
4309:
4177:
4156:
4076:
4036:
3895:
3823:
3817:
3741:
3633:
3543:
3484:
3396:
3354:
3155:
3101:
2907:
2892:
2863:
2846:
2756:
2719:
2688:
2676:
2595:
2583:
2500:
2475:
2469:
2394:
2363:
2243:
2233:
2225:
2151:
2041:
1971:
1940:
1927:
1918:
1863:
1857:
1842:
1688:
1626:
1608:
1514:
1490:
1413:
1386:
1372:
1344:
1295:
1272:
1162:
1150:
1146:
738:
369:
362:
Perhaps the difference most noticed by
Italians and foreigners alike is known as the
287:
262:
224:
126:
4019:
2988:
2966:
1711:
1672:
1522:
4130:
4120:
4105:
4093:
4009:
3958:
3922:
3900:
3887:
3881:
3810:
3799:
3703:
3668:
3652:
3501:
3489:
3422:
3386:
3374:
3342:
3267:
3239:
3212:
3042:
3037:
3025:
3005:
2993:
2934:
2841:
2798:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2693:
2624:
2608:
2505:
1982:
1836:
1778:
1757:
1741:
1734:
1725:
1651:
1500:
1482:
1392:
1326:
1320:
1310:
1223:
1215:
1190:
1178:
964:"Destination Florence | Il sito ufficiale per organizzare il tuo viaggio a Firenze"
340:
291:
111:
3905:
3855:
322:
wrote in literary Tuscan/Florentine, perhaps the best-known example being Dante's
4214:
4200:
4081:
3983:
3973:
3917:
3768:
3756:
3696:
3691:
3506:
3435:
3417:
3391:
3364:
3294:
3251:
3163:
3144:
3096:
2983:
2949:
2902:
2897:
2619:
2551:
2523:
2317:
2298:
2268:
2216:
2197:
2113:
1989:
1815:
1704:
1621:
1616:
1576:
1545:
1182:
468:
is pronounced with following a pause or a consonant, following a vowel and if
303:
98:
3217:
1018:
4313:
4265:
4172:
4167:
4088:
3968:
3930:
3662:
3222:
3168:
3138:
3030:
2714:
2642:
2588:
2304:
2180:
2143:
2128:
1976:
1935:
1771:
1277:
1267:
1233:
1174:
364:
258:
146:
3311:
4356:
4207:
4110:
4098:
3830:
3538:
3195:
3133:
2629:
2273:
2202:
2189:
2118:
1996:
1553:
1170:
1154:
942:
Vohabolario del vernaholo fiorentino e del dialetto toscano di ieri e di oggi
324:
62:
3989:
3849:
3289:
3244:
2323:
2098:
2026:
1300:
4051:
4044:
3781:
3347:
2331:
1194:
276:
A received pedagogical variant derived from it historically, once called
3316:
3359:
3329:
3321:
3277:
3272:
2922:
2681:
1641:
1378:
889:"Some Italians Don't Even Use Italian? A Spotlight on Italian Dialects"
665:
4125:
3963:
3305:
2600:
1418:
385:
344:
311:
209:
197:
56:
4301:
3751:
1044:
867:
A dialect of
Florentine known as Judeo-Florentine was spoken by the
282:(literally, 'the amended Florentine pronunciation'), was officially
3910:
3746:
3562:
3010:
2858:
1748:
270:
88:
4115:
914:"The Origin of the Italian Language and the Florentine Vernacular"
3734:
3599:
3337:
2761:
2746:
2278:
1794:
1349:
1334:
742:
356:
339:
Florentine, and Tuscan more generally, can be distinguished from
84:
3936:
3282:
3205:
3185:
2917:
1636:
352:
671:
far more than
Italian does, with many surnames also ending in
3200:
3173:
1122:
266:
121:
74:
402:'hole' is realized as . Preceded by a pause or a consonant,
2393:
65:. Collodi included several Florentinisms in his book.
3085:
2016:
1075:
Giacomelli, Gabriella. 1975. Dialettologia toscana.
334:
1086:. (Profilo dei dialetti italiani, 9). Pisa: Pacini.
343:by differences in numerous features at all levels:
4354:
2049:
395:'the house', for example, is pronounced , and
4337:
2379:
1962:
1105:
277:
252:
246:
54:
38:
2188:
4275:languages with more than 5 million speakers
4344:
4330:
3858:(mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance)
2386:
2372:
1112:
1098:
1049:Jewish Languages in Historical Perspective
1042:
47:
1063:"A Brief History of the Italian Language"
1060:
1445:
456:Parallel alternations of the affricates
449:'the pipe' and (also transcribed ) in
429:occurs when the preceding word triggers
1926:
992:"The Florentine Dialect and Vernacular"
732:
14:
4355:
484:. Similarly, the initial consonant of
2367:
1093:
4296:
1043:Colasuonno, Maria Maddalena (2018).
1013:
1011:
985:
983:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
937:
935:
933:
27:Dialect of Tuscan spoken in Florence
989:
414:). Similar alternations obtain for
24:
4279:Languages between parentheses are
1288:Intermediate Southern (Neapolitan)
25:
4389:
4159:(unknown further classification)
1008:
980:
947:
930:
770:
737:Florentine often abbreviates its
384:are pronounced between vowels as
335:Differences from Standard Italian
273:and its immediate surroundings.
4300:
2019:
1138:Historical linguistic minorities
1121:
406:is produced as (as in the word
388:, , respectively. The sequence
279:la pronuncia fiorentina emendata
1051:: 123 – via Academia.edu.
4283:of the language on their left.
4153:(Western Romance-based pidgin)
2345:
1077:Archivio glottologico italiano
1036:
906:
881:
13:
1:
874:
435:raddoppiamento fonosintattico
297:
4316:. You can help Knowledge by
869:Jewish community of Florence
822:smettila, se no tu ne buschi
7:
4150:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
968:www.destinationflorence.com
918:www.destinationflorence.com
862:
826:stop it, or I will get you
437:) so the initial consonant
10:
4394:
4295:
3852:(mixed Portuguese–Spanish)
2878:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
2672:Central−Southern Calabrian
1885:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
1368:Central-Southern Calabrian
1082:Giannelli, Luciano. 2000.
302:Important writers such as
4257:
4241:
4192:
4141:
4065:
3869:
3842:
3791:
3643:
3529:
3475:
3456:
3407:
3074:
2827:
2818:
2779:
2659:
2544:
2533:
2444:
2406:
2291:
2261:
2224:
2215:
2179:
2142:
2089:
2080:
2040:
2036:
2014:
1953:
1917:
1875:
1827:
1698:Comasco-Lecchese dialects
1650:
1607:
1598:
1562:
1544:
1535:
1499:
1481:
1472:
1436:
1404:
1358:
1286:
1250:
1232:
1214:
1205:
1201:
1134:
223:
207:
195:
190:
176:
95:
80:
70:
46:
39:
37:
32:
3160:North American dialects
2667:Extreme Southern Italian
659:
2579:Central−Northern Latian
1258:Central-Northern Latian
944:, Romano Editore, 2009.
410:alone or in the phrase
4378:Romance language stubs
2883:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
1890:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
1682:Bustocco and Legnanese
996:The Italian Enthusiast
320:Francesco Guicciardini
278:
253:
247:
55:
3370:Poitevin–Saintongeais
2313:Italian Sign Language
2262:Other German dialects
1405:Other Italo-Dalmatian
846:you have a big mouth
3179:St. Marys Bay French
2703:Neapolitan–Calabrese
1765:Southwestern Lombard
812:icchè tu sei grullo?
733:Article and pronouns
664:Florentine uses the
254:vernacolo fiorentino
4363:Dialects of Italian
4308:This article about
3531:Galician–Portuguese
2557:Central Marchigiano
2065:Vaccarizzo Albanian
779:
749:
678:
511:
425:Strengthening to a
316:Niccolò Machiavelli
248:dialetto fiorentino
40:dialetto fiorentino
18:Florentine language
3945:Catalan Ribagorçan
3792:Pyrenean–Mozarabic
3064:Judaeo-Piedmontese
2974:Bustocco–Legnanese
2769:Northern Calabrian
1900:Judaeo-Piedmontese
1876:Other Gallo-Italic
1128:Languages of Italy
990:Barbuto, Anthony.
778:
748:
677:
510:
431:syntactic doubling
427:geminate consonant
312:Giovanni Boccaccio
308:Francesco Petrarch
257:) is a variety of
239:Florentine dialect
53:The title page of
4325:
4324:
4310:Romance languages
4290:
4289:
4266:extinct languages
4188:
4187:
3865:
3864:
3824:Navarro-Aragonese
3709:Peruvian Ribereño
3634:Judaeo-Portuguese
3549:Galician–Asturian
3452:
3451:
3443:Old Gallo-Romance
3397:Wisconsin Walloon
2814:
2813:
2787:Dalmatian Romance
2395:Romance languages
2361:
2360:
2340:
2339:
2287:
2286:
2244:Southern Bavarian
2211:
2210:
2175:
2174:
2167:Triestine Serbian
2076:
2075:
2051:Arbëresh language
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
1949:
1948:
1913:
1912:
1666:Brianzöö dialects
1594:
1593:
1531:
1530:
1468:
1467:
1432:
1431:
893:The Glossika Blog
860:
859:
768:
767:
730:
729:
657:
656:
370:voiceless plosive
288:national language
235:
234:
16:(Redirected from
4385:
4373:City colloquials
4346:
4339:
4332:
4304:
4297:
3811:Judaeo-Aragonese
3800:Andalusi Romance
3653:Amazonic Spanish
3490:Western Asturian
3473:
3472:
3412:Franco-Provençal
3083:
3082:
2979:Comasco–Lecchese
2837:Emilian–Romagnol
2825:
2824:
2625:Regional Italian
2615:Italo-Australian
2542:
2541:
2464:Megleno-Romanian
2388:
2381:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2352:
2349:
2326:
2307:
2252:
2222:
2221:
2186:
2185:
2087:
2086:
2067:
2047:
2046:
2038:
2037:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2022:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1960:
1959:
1924:
1923:
1866:
1852:
1845:
1829:Emilian–Romagnol
1818:
1811:
1797:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1691:
1684:
1675:
1668:
1605:
1604:
1585:
1564:Franco-Provençal
1542:
1541:
1517:
1479:
1478:
1474:Occitano-Romance
1443:
1442:
1395:
1381:
1360:Extreme Southern
1329:
1224:Regional Italian
1212:
1211:
1203:
1202:
1159:Franco-Provençal
1126:
1125:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1091:
1090:
1079:60, pp. 179-191.
1072:
1070:
1069:
1053:
1052:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1015:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
987:
978:
977:
975:
974:
960:
945:
939:
928:
927:
925:
924:
910:
904:
903:
901:
900:
885:
842:sei un boccalone
816:are you stupid?
780:
777:
750:
747:
679:
676:
512:
509:
487:
463:
459:
440:
421:
417:
405:
398:
391:
383:
379:
375:
341:Standard Italian
292:Kingdom of Italy
281:
263:Romance language
256:
250:
231:
219:
200:
183:Judeo-Florentine
101:
60:
51:
42:
30:
29:
21:
4393:
4392:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4293:
4291:
4286:
4253:
4237:
4215:Pannonian Latin
4201:African Romance
4184:
4137:
4068:
4061:
3999:Judeo-Provençal
3872:
3861:
3838:
3787:
3697:Chilean Chilote
3639:
3525:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3448:
3436:Moselle Romance
3403:
3252:Missouri French
3213:Franco-Ontarian
3088:
3077:
3070:
2810:
2775:
2752:Southern Latian
2655:
2620:Maltese Italian
2552:Central Italian
2536:
2529:
2524:Common Romanian
2440:
2424:Italo-Dalmatian
2402:
2392:
2362:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2322:
2303:
2283:
2269:Austrian German
2257:
2248:
2207:
2198:Calabrian Greek
2171:
2138:
2124:Natisone Valley
2109:Inner Carniolan
2072:
2063:
2032:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2004:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1945:
1909:
1877:
1871:
1862:
1848:
1841:
1823:
1814:
1807:
1803:Eastern Lombard
1793:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1687:
1680:
1671:
1664:
1660:Western Lombard
1646:
1590:
1581:
1558:
1527:
1513:
1495:
1464:
1428:
1406:
1400:
1391:
1377:
1354:
1340:Southern Latian
1325:
1306:Castelmezzanese
1282:
1246:
1228:
1197:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1067:
1065:
1061:Cory Crawford.
1057:
1056:
1041:
1037:
1028:
1026:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1000:
998:
988:
981:
972:
970:
962:
961:
948:
940:
931:
922:
920:
912:
911:
907:
898:
896:
887:
886:
882:
877:
865:
773:
735:
666:diminutive case
662:
636:voi vù c'avete
453:'three pipes'.
337:
304:Dante Alighieri
300:
229:
215:
196:
172:
137:Italo-Dalmatian
117:Latino-Faliscan
102:
99:Language family
97:
66:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4391:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4349:
4348:
4341:
4334:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4305:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4277:
4268:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4154:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4073:
4071:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3966:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3939:
3934:
3931:Judaeo-Catalan
3927:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3898:
3890:
3877:
3875:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3853:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3820:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3803:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3686:Latin American
3682:
3677:
3665:
3663:Judaeo-Spanish
3660:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3590:
3585:
3578:
3566:
3559:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3481:
3479:
3470:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3314:
3309:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3158:
3153:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3080:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3056:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3013:
3008:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2932:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2833:
2831:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2806:Judaeo-Italian
2803:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2674:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2639:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2548:
2546:
2539:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2466:
2461:
2459:Istro-Romanian
2456:
2450:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2416:
2410:
2408:
2407:Major branches
2404:
2403:
2399:classification
2391:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2368:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2305:Italian Hebrew
2295:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2250:South Tyrolean
2241:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2144:Serbo-Croatian
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2055:
2053:
2044:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1964:Rhaeto-Romance
1957:
1955:Rhaeto-Romance
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1833:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1761:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1738:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1656:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1505:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1209:
1199:
1198:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1117:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1055:
1054:
1035:
1007:
979:
946:
929:
905:
879:
878:
876:
873:
864:
861:
858:
857:
854:
848:
847:
844:
838:
837:
834:
828:
827:
824:
818:
817:
814:
808:
807:
804:
798:
797:
794:
788:
787:
784:
772:
771:Unique phrases
769:
766:
765:
762:
758:
757:
754:
734:
731:
728:
727:
724:
722:pochine/pohine
719:
715:
714:
711:
705:
701:
700:
697:
694:
690:
689:
686:
683:
661:
658:
655:
654:
651:
648:
644:
643:
640:
637:
633:
632:
629:
626:
622:
621:
620:he/she/it has
618:
615:
611:
610:
607:
604:
600:
599:
596:
593:
589:
588:
585:
582:
578:
577:
574:
571:
567:
566:
563:
560:
556:
555:
552:
549:
545:
544:
541:
538:
534:
533:
530:
527:
523:
522:
519:
516:
497:quattro gelati
478:quattro gelati
470:raddoppiamento
365:gorgia toscana
336:
333:
299:
296:
265:spoken in the
233:
232:
227:
221:
220:
213:
205:
204:
201:
193:
192:
191:Language codes
188:
187:
186:
185:
178:
174:
173:
171:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
162:
161:
160:
159:
158:
157:
156:
155:
154:
105:
103:
96:
93:
92:
82:
78:
77:
72:
71:Native to
68:
67:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4390:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4347:
4342:
4340:
4335:
4333:
4328:
4327:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4306:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4282:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4250:
4249:Proto-Romance
4247:
4246:
4244:
4242:Reconstructed
4240:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4208:British Latin
4205:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4064:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4027:Vivaro-Alpine
4025:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3868:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3833:
3832:
3831:Old Navarrese
3828:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3681:
3680:Equatoguinean
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3461:
3455:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3134:Frainc-Comtou
3132:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3073:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2930:Judeo-Italian
2928:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2725:Castelmezzano
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2630:Swiss Italian
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2511:Transylvanian
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2470:Daco-Romanian
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2419:Italo-Western
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2348:
2344:
2333:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
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2190:Italiot Greek
2187:
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2178:
2168:
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2163:
2162:Slavomolisano
2160:
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1895:Judeo-Italian
1893:
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1567:
1565:
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1543:
1540:
1538:
1537:Gallo-Romance
1534:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1509:Vivaro-Alpine
1507:
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1231:
1225:
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1210:
1208:
1207:Italo-Romance
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
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1160:
1156:
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1023:Italy Segreta
1020:
1014:
1012:
997:
993:
986:
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965:
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943:
938:
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919:
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894:
890:
884:
880:
872:
870:
855:
853:
850:
849:
845:
843:
840:
839:
836:kitchen sink
835:
833:
830:
829:
825:
823:
820:
819:
815:
813:
810:
809:
805:
803:
800:
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781:
776:
763:
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759:
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746:
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723:
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710:
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702:
698:
695:
692:
691:
687:
684:
681:
680:
675:
674:
670:
667:
652:
649:
647:essi c'hanno
646:
645:
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638:
635:
634:
630:
627:
624:
623:
619:
616:
613:
612:
608:
605:
602:
601:
597:
594:
591:
590:
586:
583:
580:
579:
575:
572:
570:voi vù siete
569:
568:
564:
561:
559:noi s'è/semo
558:
557:
554:he/she/it is
553:
550:
547:
546:
542:
539:
536:
535:
531:
528:
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394:
387:
371:
367:
366:
360:
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354:
350:
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342:
332:
329:
327:
326:
325:Divine Comedy
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
295:
293:
289:
285:
280:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
255:
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206:
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199:
194:
189:
184:
181:
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179:
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153:
150:
149:
148:
145:
144:
143:
142:Italo-Romance
140:
139:
138:
135:
134:
133:
132:Italo-Western
130:
129:
128:
125:
124:
123:
120:
119:
118:
115:
114:
113:
110:
109:
108:
107:Indo-European
104:
100:
94:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
64:
63:Carlo Collodi
59:
58:
50:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
4318:expanding it
4307:
4292:
4270:
4261:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4148:
4050:
4043:
4005:Languedocien
3997:
3990:Judeo-Gascon
3988:
3929:
3880:
3850:Barranquenho
3829:
3822:
3798:
3780:
3722:
3684:
3667:
3658:Extremaduran
3632:
3606:
3592:
3580:
3568:
3561:
3518:
3477:Asturleonese
3441:
3434:
3392:West Walloon
3380:Saintongeais
3328:
3304:
3300:Anglo-Norman
3258:
3191:Newfoundland
3151:Jersey Legal
3143:
3051:
3016:Southwestern
2999:Vallassinese
2888:Gallo-Picene
2829:Gallo-Italic
2791:
2707:
2702:
2648:
2641:
2607:
2522:
2468:
2347:
2324:Sinte Romani
2134:Torre Valley
2082:South Slavic
2027:Italy portal
1719:Vallassinese
1600:Gallo-Italic
1241:
1136:
1083:
1076:
1066:. Retrieved
1048:
1038:
1027:. Retrieved
1025:. 2023-09-29
1022:
999:. Retrieved
995:
971:. Retrieved
967:
941:
921:. Retrieved
917:
908:
897:. Retrieved
895:. 2021-03-02
892:
883:
866:
851:
841:
831:
821:
811:
801:
791:
774:
736:
721:
708:
672:
668:
663:
628:noi abbiamo
625:noi ci s'ha
581:essi l'enno
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
481:
477:
473:
472:applies (,
469:
465:
455:
450:
446:
442:
434:
424:
411:
407:
399:
392:
363:
361:
338:
330:
323:
314:and, later,
301:
275:
242:
238:
236:
230:it-u-sd-itfi
208:
151:
4226:Campidanese
4052:Old Catalan
4045:Old Occitan
3782:Old Spanish
3716:Rioplatense
3520:Old Leonese
3348:Cotentinais
3312:Guernésiais
3235:Frenchville
3228:New England
3107:Bourbonnais
3059:Piedmontese
3053:Old Lombard
2945:Bergamasque
2869:Sammarinese
2332:Wenzhounese
2157:Montenegrin
2104:Gail Valley
1905:Piedmontese
1809:Bergamasque
1455:Campidanese
1296:Beneventano
1263:Marchigiano
1195:Wenzhounese
856:dad/father
783:Florentine
756:Florentine
685:Florentine
650:loro hanno
603:te tu c'ha
515:Florentine
495:'region',
61:(1883), by
4357:Categories
4273:indicates
4231:Logudorese
3764:Philippine
3730:Andalusian
3724:Peninsular
3614:Estremenho
3570:Portuguese
3497:Cantabrian
3330:Law French
3322:Sercquiais
3156:Meridional
3117:Champenois
3112:Burgundian
2923:Tabarchino
2913:Monégasque
2852:Parmigiano
2709:Neapolitan
2682:Manduriano
2649:Florentine
2516:Wallachian
2486:Bukovinian
1850:Parmigiano
1642:Tabarchino
1632:Monégasque
1460:Logudorese
1379:Manduriano
1242:Florentine
1068:2007-01-15
1029:2024-06-19
1001:2024-06-19
973:2024-06-19
923:2024-06-19
899:2024-06-19
875:References
653:they have
639:voi avete
614:egli c'ha
584:essi sono
573:voi siete
562:noi siamo
537:te tu sei
482:tre gelati
386:fricatives
349:morphology
298:Literature
284:prescribed
243:vernacular
152:Florentine
33:Florentine
4281:varieties
4264:indicate
4221:Sardinian
4178:Triestine
4126:Sursilvan
4037:Mentonasc
4015:Provençal
3964:Auvergnat
3950:Valencian
3906:Mallorcan
3896:Algherese
3871:Occitano-
3818:Navarrese
3806:Aragonese
3742:Castilian
3645:Castilian
3621:Uruguayan
3594:Brazilian
3557:Minderico
3551:/Eonavian
3514:Mirandese
3428:Valdôtain
3414:/Arpitan
3355:Orléanais
3306:Auregnais
3290:Mayennais
3240:Louisiana
3122:Ardennais
3102:Berrichon
2908:Intemelio
2864:Forlivese
2847:Bolognese
2793:Dalmatian
2757:Tarantino
2720:Benevento
2677:Salentino
2637:Sassarese
2601:Gallurese
2584:Romanesco
2537:Dalmatian
2501:Moldavian
2496:Maramureș
2454:Aromanian
2091:Slovenian
1941:Triestine
1878:languages
1864:Forlivese
1843:Bolognese
1689:Legnanese
1627:Intemelio
1572:Valdôtain
1515:Mentonasc
1491:Algherese
1447:Sardinian
1438:Sardinian
1424:Sassarese
1419:Gallurese
1407:languages
1373:Salentino
1345:Tarantino
1316:Cosentino
1273:Romanesco
1187:Sardinian
707:poverine/
669:-ino/-ine
642:you have
609:you have
587:they are
548:egli l'è
507:'kiss').
474:un gelato
372:phonemes
345:phonology
210:Glottolog
198:ISO 639-3
57:Pinocchio
4368:Florence
4157:Venetian
4131:Vallader
4121:Surmiran
4094:Cadorino
4077:Friulian
4010:Limousin
3979:Béarnese
3941:Western
3923:Northern
3911:Menorcan
3901:Balearic
3892:Eastern
3888:dialects
3747:Castrapo
3704:Peruvian
3675:dialects
3608:European
3576:dialects
3563:Portugis
3544:Galician
3485:Asturian
3423:Savoyard
3375:Poitevin
3343:Cauchois
3317:Jèrriais
3164:Canadian
3043:Varesino
3038:Ticinese
3026:Novarese
3021:Cremunés
3011:Ossolano
3006:Milanese
2994:Lecchese
2962:Brianzöö
2893:Ligurian
2859:Romagnol
2740:Arianese
2735:Irpinian
2730:Cilentan
2694:Pantesco
2689:Sicilian
2660:Southern
2596:Corsican
2572:Macerata
2567:Fabriano
2506:Oltenian
2476:dialects
2436:Southern
2234:Cimbrian
2226:Bavarian
2152:Croatian
2059:Arbëresh
2042:Albanian
1983:Cadorino
1972:Friulian
1928:Venetian
1919:Venetian
1858:Romagnol
1786:Cremunés
1779:Novarese
1758:Varesino
1749:Ossolano
1742:Ticinese
1735:Milanese
1726:Lecchese
1609:Ligurian
1414:Corsican
1393:Pantesco
1387:Sicilian
1327:Arianese
1321:Irpinian
1311:Cilentan
1268:Marinese
1167:Germanic
1163:Friulian
1151:Croatian
1143:Albanian
863:Dialects
806:plumber
802:trombaio
786:English
753:Italian
743:pronouns
739:articles
696:belline
688:English
682:Italian
631:we have
617:egli ha
592:io c'ho
576:you are
543:you are
529:io sono
521:English
518:Italian
486:/ˈtʃena/
451:tre pipe
418:→ , and
390:/lakasa/
271:Florence
269:city of
217:fior1235
177:Dialects
89:Florence
4262:Italics
4163:Chipilo
4106:Romansh
4069:Romance
4067:Rhaeto-
4032:Gardiol
3984:Landese
3974:Aranese
3959:Occitan
3918:Central
3882:Catalan
3873:Romance
3774:Creoles
3769:Saharan
3757:Murcian
3735:Llanito
3692:Chilean
3669:Spanish
3626:Creoles
3600:Mineiro
3582:African
3507:Riberan
3502:Leonese
3467:Iberian
3460:Romance
3387:Walloon
3360:Paydret
3338:Augeron
3278:Vosgien
3273:Gaumais
3268:Lorrain
3260:Creoles
3223:Muskrat
3169:Acadian
3097:Angevin
3087:Langues
3078:Romance
2984:Comasco
2957:Western
2950:Cremish
2940:Eastern
2935:Lombard
2903:Genoese
2898:Brigasc
2842:Emilian
2820:Western
2799:Istriot
2762:Vastese
2747:Molisan
2609:Italian
2545:Central
2491:Crișana
2446:Eastern
2429:Western
2414:Eastern
2279:Yiddish
2239:Mòcheno
2114:Istrian
1837:Emilian
1816:Cremish
1795:Spasell
1705:Comasco
1652:Lombard
1622:Genoese
1617:Brigasc
1583:Cellese
1501:Occitan
1483:Catalan
1350:Vastese
1335:Molisan
1251:Central
1216:Italian
1191:Slovene
1179:Occitan
1147:Catalan
1084:Toscana
796:damnit
792:maremma
761:il tuo
726:little
709:poerine
704:povere
699:lovely
606:tu hai
598:I have
565:we are
551:egli è
540:tu sei
526:io sòn
501:la cena
493:regione
447:la pipa
422:→ ,.
412:in casa
393:la casa
357:lexicon
290:of the
286:as the
267:Italian
127:Romance
85:Tuscany
4193:Others
4173:Talian
4168:Fiuman
4142:Others
4082:Fornes
4020:Niçard
3969:Gascon
3937:Patuet
3843:Others
3752:Castúo
3458:Ibero-
3418:Faetar
3365:Picard
3295:Norman
3283:Welche
3206:Magoua
3196:Quebec
3186:Brayon
3145:French
3127:Rémois
3076:Gallo-
3031:Pavese
2989:Laghée
2967:Canzés
2918:Royasc
2780:Others
2715:Barese
2643:Tuscan
2589:Sabino
2562:Ancona
2535:Italo-
2318:Romani
2299:Hebrew
2292:Others
2274:Walser
2217:German
2129:Resian
1990:Fornes
1936:Fiuman
1772:Pavese
1712:Laghée
1673:Canzés
1637:Royasc
1577:Faetar
1554:Aostan
1546:French
1523:Niçard
1301:Barese
1278:Sabino
1234:Tuscan
1183:Romani
1155:French
832:acquai
764:i’ tu
718:poche
693:belle
595:io ho
466:gelato
397:/buko/
353:syntax
259:Tuscan
147:Tuscan
112:Italic
81:Region
4312:is a
4116:Putèr
4111:Jauer
4099:Nones
4089:Ladin
3588:Asian
3245:Houma
3218:Métis
3201:Joual
3174:Chiac
3139:Gallo
3089:d'oïl
2481:Banat
2203:Griko
2181:Greek
2119:Karst
1997:Nones
1977:Ladin
1175:Ladin
1171:Greek
852:babbo
713:poor
673:-ini.
660:Cases
532:I am
505:bacio
122:Latin
75:Italy
4314:stub
4271:Bold
3856:Caló
3539:Fala
3465:West
2099:Brda
741:and
489:cena
462:/dʒ/
460:and
458:/tʃ/
443:pipa
408:casa
400:buco
355:and
318:and
261:, a
237:The
225:IETF
503:,
499:;
480:,
476:,
441:of
439:/p/
420:/p/
416:/t/
404:/k/
382:/p/
378:/t/
374:/k/
251:or
241:or
4359::
1193:,
1189:,
1185:,
1181:,
1177:,
1173:,
1169:,
1165:,
1161:,
1157:,
1153:,
1149:,
1145:,
1141::
1047:.
1021:.
1010:^
994:.
982:^
966:.
949:^
932:^
916:.
891:.
871:.
745:.
380:,
376:,
359:.
351:,
347:,
328:.
310:,
306:,
4345:e
4338:t
4331:v
4320:.
3469:)
3463:(
2401:)
2397:(
2387:e
2380:t
2373:v
1113:e
1106:t
1099:v
1071:.
1032:.
1004:.
976:.
926:.
902:.
433:(
245:(
203:–
91:)
87:(
20:)
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