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Folk religion

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324:"residualistic, derogatory". He argued that using such terminology implies that there is "a pure element" to religion "which is in some way transformed, even contaminated, by its exposure to human communities". As a corrective, he suggested that scholars use "vernacular religion" as an alternative. Defining this term, Primiano stated that "vernacular religion" is, "by definition, religion as it is lived: as human beings encounter, understand, interpret, and practice it. Since religion inherently involves interpretation, it is impossible for the religion of an individual not to be vernacular". 337: 279: 175: 240:", thereby defining folk religion as "the deposit in culture of folk religiosity, the full range of folk attitudes to religion". His fifth and final definition represented a "practical working definition" that combined elements from these various other definitions. Thus, he summarized folk religion as "the totality of all those views and practices of religion that exist among the people apart from and alongside the strictly theological and liturgical forms of the official religion". 765: 8583: 505: 1080: 8593: 363:". This article was designed to be read by young Lutheran preachers leaving the seminary, to equip them for the popular variants of Lutheranism that they would encounter among their congregations and which would differ from the official, doctrinal Lutheranism that they had been accustomed to. Although developing within a religious environment, the term came to be adopted by German academics in the field of 1094: 796: 1066: 38: 320:, used the term as a synonym for ethnic religion (which is alternately known as national religion or tribal religion), meaning a religion closely tied to a particular ethnic or national group and is thus contrasted with a "universal religion" which cuts across ethnic and national boundaries. Among the scholars to have adopted this use of terminology are E. Wilbur Bock. 323:
The folklorist Leonard Norman Primiano argued that the use of the term folk religion, as well as related terms like "popular religion" and "unofficial religion", by scholars, does an extreme disservice to the forms of religiosity that scholars are examining, because – in his opinion – such terms are
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and were regarded by the Spanish as "myths" and "superstitions" in an effort to de-legitimize legitimate precolonial beliefs by forcefully replacing those native beliefs with colonial Catholic Christian myths and superstitions. Today, some of these precolonial beliefs are still held by Filipinos,
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Kapaló was critical of this approach, deeming it mistaken and arguing that switching from "folk religion" to "vernacular religion" results in the scholar "picking up a different selection of things from the world". He cautioned that both terms carried an "ideological and semantic load" and warned
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framework which understood folk religion as representing the survivals of older forms of religion; in this, it would constitute "the survivals, in an official religious context, of beliefs and behaviour inherited from earlier stages of the culture's development". This definition would view folk
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provided a definition of Jewish folk religion as consisting of ideas and practices that, whilst not meeting with the approval of religious leaders, enjoyed wide popularity such that they must be included in what he termed the field of religion. This included unorthodox beliefs about demons and
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This picture was taken at a Malaysian Chinese home. This altar is dedicated to the three Pure Land sages, Avalokitesvara, and Sathya Sai Baba. On the left of the altar is a glass filled with rice. Joss sticks are stuck into it after the ancestors are invited to partake in the offering of food
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and institutionalised religion; he contrasted this with the situation in Europe, where historians of religion had devoted much time to studying folk religiosity. He also lamented that many U.S.-based folklorists also neglected the subject of religion because it did not fit within the standard
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religion in Catholic Europe as the survivals of pre-Christian religion and the folk religion in Protestant Europe as the survivals of Medieval Catholicism. The second definition identified by Yoder was the view that folk religion represented the mixture of an official religion with forms of
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contrasted and examined the relationship between "folk religion" and "official religion" in a peasant community. Yoder later noted that although the earliest known usage of the term "folk religion" in the English language was unknown, it probably developed as a translation of the German
2985: 263:. Folk religion is defined as the beliefs, practices, rituals and symbols originating from sources other than the religion's leadership. Folk religion in many instances is tolerated by the religion's leadership, although they may consider it an error. A similar concept is 597:. Chinese folk religion is sometimes seen as a constituent part of Chinese traditional religion, but more often, the two are regarded as synonymous. With around 454 million adherents, or about 6.6% of the world population, Chinese folk religion is one of the 232:. The fourth definition provided by Yoder stated that folk religion represented the "folk interpretation and expression of religion". Noting that this definition would not encompass beliefs that were largely unconnected from organised religion, such as in 491:. Although the subject of folk religion fell within the remit of scholars operating in both folkloristics and religious studies, by 1974 Yoder noted that U.S.-based academics in the latter continued to largely ignore it, instead focusing on the study of 227:
Yoder's third definition was that often employed within folkloristics, which held that folk religion was "the interaction of belief, ritual, custom, and mythology in traditional societies", representing that which was often pejoratively characterised as
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into six major kinds and numerous minor kinds, in order to understand the expression of emotions among the Hindus. According to McDaniel, one of the major kinds is Folk Hinduism, based on local ethnic traditions and tribal cults of local
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scriptures, while Hinduism was associated with superstitious folk tradition. The folk tradition refers to the aspects of the Hindu tradition that exist in tension with the Sanskritic tradition based on textual authority. According to
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Yoder described "folk religion" as existing "in a complex society in relation to and in tension with the organized religion(s) of that society. Its relatively unorganized character differentiates it from organized religion".
532:, exorcism of demonic forces, and a belief in the rational order of nature, balance in the universe and reality that can be influenced by human beings and their rulers, as well as spirits and gods. Worship is devoted to a 200:
characterized "folk religion" as either "religion which occurs in small, local communities which does not adhere to the norms of large systems" or "the appropriation of religious beliefs and practices at a popular level."
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has been acknowledged as one of the first to utilize anthropology to study Jewish folk religion. In particular he has drawn attention to the important role of the female divine element, which he sees in the goddess
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defined "folk religion" as "the relatively un-reflected aspect of ordinary practices and beliefs that are oriented towards, or productive of, something beyond the immediate here-and-now: everyday transcendence".
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Nepstad, Sharon Erickson (1996). "Popular Religion, Protest, and Revolt: The Emergence of Political Insurgency in the Nicaraguan and Salvadoran Churches of the 1960s–80s". In Smith, Christian (ed.).
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Almocera, Ruel A., (2005) Popular Filipino Spiritual Beliefs with a proposed Theological Response. in Doing Theology in the Philippines. Suk, John., Ed. Mandaluyong: OMF Literature Inc. Pp 78–98
865:(torture of the grave) a belief that the dead are tortured in their grave for three days after burial by demons until they remember their names. This idea began with early eschatological 593:, since over the centuries institutional Taoism has been attempting to assimilate or administer local religions. More accurately, Taoism emerged from and overlaps with folk religion and 1010:(1976), folk Hinduism is relevant in the urban context, but it is neglected in ethnographic studies due to its negative connotations with folk (rural masses, illiterate). According to 1828: 1944: 297:
Yoder noted that one problem with the use of the term folk religion was that it did not fit into the work of those scholars who used the term "religion" in reference solely to
351:, a German term which was used in reference to "the religious dimension of folk-culture, or the folk-cultural dimension of religion". This term was first employed by a German 3470: 2550: 907:, magicians claimed to use unorthodox magical rituals to help people in everyday life. He points to the example of a relatively professionalised type of magician being the 903:, i.e. it is used to assist in protecting the individual from sickness, and misfortune. He emphasizes that while Rabbinical Judaism dealt with orthodox Jewish ritual, and 3510: 829:
Christianity as impacted by superstition as practiced by certain geographical Christian groups, and Christianity defined "in cultural terms without reference to the
1965: 1014:(1994), popular Hinduism is not degenerate textual Hinduism in light of ethnographic evidence, although the category of folk Hinduism remains tenuous. According to 3055: 1848: 949:– are ones that strengthen Jewish family and community integration. Liebman described the rituals and beliefs of contemporary Jewish folk religion in his works, 216:; this was employed to explain the place of folk religion in the syncretic belief systems of the Americas, where Christianity had blended with the religions of 722:
that incorporate native folk beliefs and practices. Folk Islam has been described as the Islam of the "urban poor, country people, and tribes", in contrast to
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Folk Christianity is defined differently by various scholars. Christianity as most people live it – a term used to "overcome the division of beliefs into
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in the 18th century. These ba'alei shem promised to use their knowledge of the names of god, and the angels, along with exorcism, chiromancy, and
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Nash, June (1996). "Religious Rituals of Resistance and Class Consciousness in Bolivian Tin-Mining Communities". In Smith, Christian (ed.).
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A second problem with the use of the term folk religion that Yoder highlighted was that some scholars, particularly those operating in the
2627: 1287: 380: 2589: 2516: 120:, and similar mixtures of formal religions with folk cultures. In China, folk Protestantism had its origins with the Taiping Rebellion. 7430: 7357: 4528: 3629: 1725: 9105: 7230: 3607: 1928: 7681: 2824: 100:
The term "folk religion" is generally held to encompass two related but separate subjects. The first is the religious dimension of
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teachings about hierarchies of deities, to form the popular religious system which has lasted in many ways until the present day.
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Writer Stephen Sharot has stated that Jewish popular religion in common with other forms of folk religion, has a focus on the
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The term folk religion came to be increasingly rejected in the 1990s and 2000s by scholars seeking more precise terminology.
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Varul, Matthias Zick (2015). "Consumerism as Folk Religion: Transcendence, Probation and Dissatisfaction with Capitalism".
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between two cultures with different stages of formal expression, such as the melange of African folk beliefs and
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is their social ties to one another, illustrated by the finding that religious practices that would prevent
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argued that there were five separate ways of defining folk religion. The first was a perspective rooted in a
1780: 978:. Folk Hinduism involves worship of deities which are not found in Hindu scriptures. It involves worship of 9627: 8462: 8264: 5472: 4180: 2994:
Soviet and Post-Soviet Identities. Ed. by Mark Bassin and Catriona Kelly. Cambridge, 2012, pp. 321–340
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Religion and the Decline of Magic. Studies in popular beliefs in sixteenth and seventeenth century England
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Primiano, Leonard Norman (1995). "Vernacular Religion and the Search for Method in Religious Folklife".
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Todos Santos in Rural Tlaxcala: A Syncretic, Expressive, and Symbolic Analysis of the Cult of the Dead.
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studying the syncretistic cultures of the Caribbean and Latin America. The pioneer in this field was
383:, all of whom had focused on religiosity within German peasant communities. Over the coming decades, 146:
of the faiths involved, to describe the desire of people who otherwise infrequently attend religious
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Ritual Kinship: Ideological and Structural Integration of the Compadrazgo System in Rural Tlaxcala.
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Kononenko, Natalie "Vernacular religion on the prairies: negotiating a place for the unquiet dead,"
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ethnic groups up to the present day. The devotion includes the veneration of forces of nature and
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to bring harm to enemies, and success in areas of social life such as marriage, and childbirth.
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belief based on locality. These religions have their own priests, who worship regional deities.
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Revolt against the Dead: The Modernization of a Mayan Community in the Highlands of Guatemala.
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The African Religions of Brazil: Toward a Sociology of the Interpenetration of Civilizations.
2573: 2500: 2313: 2290: 2120: 701:. Some of these beliefs stem from pre-Christian religions that were especially influenced by 602: 513: 468: 423: 317: 123: 5261: 5209: 2893:, Social Anthropology (2004), 12: 367–371 Cambridge University* Johnson, Paul Christopher. 9596: 9528: 9513: 9421: 9251: 9134: 8886: 8856: 8851: 8689: 8684: 8677: 8550: 8540: 8525: 8432: 8359: 8329: 8304: 8269: 8229: 8224: 8199: 8069: 7991: 7941: 7921: 7911: 7799: 7746: 7721: 7571: 7566: 7546: 7511: 7496: 7440: 7210: 7143: 7111: 6991: 6926: 6792: 6670: 6523: 6403: 6302: 6214: 6182: 6177: 6025: 5757: 5126: 5010: 4594: 4354: 3965: 3909: 3860: 3845: 3698: 3432: 1718: 1165: 1153: 1114: 819: 739: 735: 448: 5325: 4207: 8: 9560: 9456: 9451: 9338: 9256: 8881: 8672: 8555: 8530: 8510: 8487: 8414: 8364: 8344: 8259: 8249: 8204: 8164: 8119: 8114: 8104: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8074: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8016: 7926: 7901: 7779: 7769: 7731: 7701: 7686: 7671: 7661: 7651: 7616: 7611: 7561: 7506: 7481: 7425: 7282: 7265: 7153: 7148: 7138: 7006: 6807: 6720: 6665: 6641: 6528: 6413: 6371: 6166: 6015: 5643: 5435: 5310: 5089: 4876: 4761: 4689: 4579: 4500: 4327: 3980: 3804: 3650: 3138: 2796: 2237:
Islam In an Era of Nation-States: Politics and Religious Renewal in Muslim Southeast Asia
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Sacred Trees of Khodzhi Baror: Phytolatry and the Cult of Female Deity in Central Asia
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to the many Jewish folk customs linked to mourning and in particular to the belief in
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Problematizing Received Categories: Revisiting ‘Folk Hinduism’ and ‘Sanskritization’
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Indigenous Philippine folk religions are the distinct native religions of various
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Expressions of religion distinct from the official doctrines of organized religion
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For religions sometimes described as "folk religions" or "ethnic religions", see
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Religion, Heritage and the Sustainable City: Hinduism and urbanisation in Jaipur
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Bock, E. Wilbur (1966). "Symbols in Conflict: Official versus Folk Religion".
1001:. Brahmanism was referred to as an intellectual, classical tradition based on 520:
traditions which have historically comprised the predominant belief system in
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Ideology and Power in the Middle East: Studies in Honor of George Lenczowski
1162: – Non-mainstream philosophical movements which function like religions 941:– have been abandoned, whilst the practices that are followed – such as the 911:
of Poland, who beginning in the 16th century thrived with the popularity of
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or similar religious society, and who have not made a formal profession of
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Lightning from the East: Heterodoxy and Christianity in Contemporary China
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Later studies have emphasized the significance of the destruction of the
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Despite being heavily suppressed during the last two centuries, from the
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Trans. by Helen Sebba. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978.
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Inside the Drama-House: Rama Stories and Shadow Puppets in South India
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Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989; second edition, 2002.
504: 301:. He highlighted the example of the prominent sociologist of religion 9540: 9406: 9311: 8908: 8781: 8638: 7240: 7036: 6951: 6941: 6812: 6767: 6752: 6685: 6533: 6000: 5922: 5882: 5872: 5835: 5810: 5790: 5685: 5551: 5405: 5395: 5157: 5077: 5072: 4983: 4793: 4778: 4743: 4726: 4708: 4621: 4401: 4317: 4296: 4291: 4268: 4263: 4222: 4217: 4154: 4091: 4014: 3985: 3936: 3877: 3830: 3422: 3379: 3333: 3300: 3255: 3220: 3008:, Australian Religion Studies Review Vol. 18 No. 2 (Nov 2005):211–234 2895:
Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé.
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The Hold Life Has: Coca and Cultural Identity in an Andean Community.
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Kapaló, James A. (2013). "Folk Religion in Discourse and Practice".
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Disruptive Religion: The Force of Faith in Social Movement Activism
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Disruptive Religion: The Force of Faith in Social Movement Activism
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Lubin, Timothy; Davis, Donald R. Jr.; Krishnan, Jayanth K. (2010).
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scholars to pay attention to the associations that each word had.
9246: 9176: 7317: 6916: 6881: 6802: 6715: 6656: 6560: 6263: 6117: 5867: 5820: 5705: 5581: 5400: 4825: 4788: 4599: 4149: 4115: 3958: 3659: 3205: 3155: 2983:‘Popular Orthodoxy’ and identity in Soviet and post-Soviet Russia 2396:, by Victor D. Sanua, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 1983, pg 27 2372:, Edited by Adele Berlin, Oxford University Press, 2011, pg 344, 2028: 1930:
Miraculous response: doing popular religion in contemporary China
1019: 971: 938: 934: 904: 877: 866: 811: 690: 653: 509:
specially prepared for them on the Hungry Ghost festival prayers.
416: 347:
In Europe the study of "folk religion" emerged from the study of
163: 147: 3455: 2408:, by Victor D. Sanua, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 1983, pg 2 1693: 845:
In one of the first major academic works on the subject, titled
693:. Generally, these indigenous folk religions are referred to as 8731: 7225: 7104: 7089: 6908: 6797: 6782: 6740: 6518: 6396: 5670: 5425: 5415: 5027: 4988: 4830: 4438: 4408: 4132: 3280: 3215: 3210: 3145: 2432:, By Stephen Sharot, Wayne State University Press, 2011, pg 152 2360:, Joshua Trachtenberg, 1939, Forgotten Books, Preface, pg xxvii 2336:
Neighboring faiths: a Christian introduction to world religions
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that are distinct from the official doctrines and practices of
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986:(household deity) and local deities. It is a folk religion, 566:
regarding some of these gods are collected into the body of
422:
In the Americas, the study of folk religion developed among
361:
Religiöse Volkskunde, eine Aufgabe der praktischen Theologie
8652: 6846: 6735: 4646: 3585: 3270: 3195: 1219: – Type of healer in many traditional medicine systems 1123: – Spirit unofficially recognized by a group of people 997:
During the 19th century, scholars had divided Hinduism and
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Religious Orthodoxy and Popular Faith in European Society.
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Comparative Perspectives on Judaisms and Jewish Identities
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Comparative Perspectives on Judaisms and Jewish Identities
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Persistence of ‘Folk Hinduism’ in Malaysia and Singapore
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Major World Religions: From Their Origins To The Present
1989: 1243:"Chapter 1: Phenomenology, Fieldwork, and Folk Religion" 616:, it is currently experiencing a modern revival in both 516:
is one of the labels used to describe the collection of
359:, in a 1901 article that he published which was titled " 3020:
Occasions of Faith: An Anthropology of Irish Catholics.
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Jewish Magic and Superstition: A Study in Folk Religion
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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
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Jewish Magic and Superstition: A Study in Folk Religion
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Jewish Magic and Superstition: A Study in Folk Religion
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Fields of Offerings: Studies in Honor of Raphael Patai
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Fields of Offerings: Studies in Honor of Raphael Patai
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Fields of Offerings: Studies in Honor of Raphael Patai
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Perceptions of religious imagery in natural phenomena
925:
has written that the essence of the folk religion of
367:. During the 1920s and 1930s, theoretical studies of 1581: 1552: 1390: 1061: 1046:(2015), the folk village Hinduism is surviving from 589:
Chinese folk religion is sometimes categorized with
2884:
Apparitions in Late Medieval and Renaissance Spain.
2208:
Why Gods Persist: A Scientific Approach to Religion
1649: 1516: 1456: 1427: 1415: 387:established an Institut für religiöse Volkskund in 267:, the study of religion as practiced by believers. 3001:, Current Sociology, Vol. 54, No. 1, 98–111 (2006) 2609: 1996:Sojourn Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 1826:Compatriots across the strait honor their ancestry 1631: 1619: 1596: 1564: 1540: 1378: 1366: 1342: 1313: 869:and was then further developed by the kabbalists. 1301: 9609: 2707:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 2440: 2438: 2314:The Church of England in industrialising society 1652:Religions of China: The World as a Living System 1180: – Indigenous religion of the Meitei people 689:, where most follow belief systems in line with 193:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 1263: 2086:Ernest Gellner and Contemporary Social Thought 1802:"Over 10,000 Chinese Worship Huangdi in Henan" 391:while a similar department was established in 138:are examples of folk religion associated with 8623: 3601: 3471: 3107: 3093: 2870:Death and Deification: Folk Cults in Hinduism 2435: 1201: – Religion of the Turko-Mongolic steppe 1018:(1998), the folk religion is the religion of 624:. Various forms have received support by the 496:genre-based system for cataloguing folklore. 2977:Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988. 2970:Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984. 2886:Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981. 2858:Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990. 2678:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 2370:The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion 2177:Masud, Muhammad Khalid; et al. (2009). 2150:Islam in the Middle East: A Living Tradition 2007: 1990:Tan, Beng Sin (Piya Tan) (October 1, 2004), 1694:"Chinese Folk Religion Adherents by Country" 806:, sell Christian religious goods along with 626:Government of the People's Republic of China 2925:Canadian Slavonic Papers 60, no. 1-2 (2018) 2616:. Cambridge University Press. p. 209. 2449:. Oxford University Press. pp. 52–53. 2447:The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Emotion 2179:Islam and Modernity: Key Issues and Debates 1192: – Italian-American neopagan tradition 1111: – Curse brought by a malevolent glare 142:. The term is also used, especially by the 69:comprises various forms and expressions of 8630: 8616: 3608: 3594: 3478: 3464: 3100: 3086: 2505:. Princeton University Press. p. 24. 2112: 1654:. New York: Harper & Row. p. 51. 974:and is the oldest, non-literate system of 2933:. New York: Routledge. pp. 105–124. 2571: 2113:Chelkowski, Peter J; et al. (1988). 2080: 574:), these practices had been blended with 259:, folk religion is often contrasted with 247:Alternately, the sociologist of religion 6165: 2952:. New York: Routledge. pp. 87–104. 2736: 2498: 2444: 1510: 1498: 1486: 1474: 1236: 1234: 955:American Jewry: Identity and Affiliation 794: 503: 499: 335: 277: 173: 36: 7462: 2928: 2705:Bowker, John (2003) . "Folk religion". 2051: 1156: – Religion before written records 1145: – Expressions of folk Catholicism 718:used to collectively describe forms of 669:Chinese folk religion in Southeast Asia 599:major religious traditions in the world 14: 9610: 3025: 2897:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. 2797:"Toward a Definition of Folk Religion" 2726:Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics 2723: 2704: 2235:Hefner, Robert W; et al. (1997). 2234: 2147: 1534: 1522: 1421: 1307: 1240: 1207: – Cultural or religious practice 742:are often integrated into Folk Islam. 8611: 7461: 6614: 6164: 3627: 3589: 3459: 3081: 3030:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2794: 2765: 2647: 2536: 2205: 2176: 1637: 1625: 1613: 1590: 1575: 1558: 1546: 1450: 1438: 1396: 1384: 1372: 1360: 1348: 1336: 1324: 1231: 933:– such as a strict interpretation of 558:of phenomena, of human behaviour, or 371:had been produced by the folklorists 3559:Indigenous Philippine folk religions 3053:Folk Christianity in the Philippines 2947: 2675: 2263: 2022: 1926: 1868: 1462: 1269: 1249:. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 3–4. 759: 745: 681:Indigenous Philippine folk religions 675:Indigenous Philippine folk religions 274:Problems with the term folk religion 2902:Svjashennye derevja Khodzhi Barora… 2553:from the original on 11 August 2022 1412:. Jewish Publication Society. 1975. 1042:speaking upper caste. According to 945:, social rites of passage, and the 582:(one's own doing) and rebirth, and 331: 24: 7431:Religions and spiritual traditions 3630:Religious groups and denominations 2879:New York: Gordon and Breach, 1979. 2840: 1750:"The Upsurge of Religion in China" 340:A Filipino Catholic home altar in 25: 9639: 3485: 3046: 2613:Hinduism and Law: An Introduction 2348:, p. 37. Last accessed July 2009. 2303:, p. 11. Last accessed July 2009. 1968:. Blog.voc.com.cn. Archived from 726:or "high" Islam (Gellner, 1992). 8591: 8582: 8581: 8395:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7537:Democratic Republic of the Congo 2537:Korom, Frank (27 January 2011). 2324:, p. 45. Last accessed July 2009 2268:. MD Publications. p. 281. 1092: 1078: 1064: 965:June McDaniel (2007) classifies 960: 763: 687:ethnic groups in the Philippines 89:customs under the umbrella of a 6997:Evolutionary origin of religion 2872:, History of Religions (1985). 2827:from the original on 2022-04-29 2641: 2630:from the original on 2023-01-31 2603: 2592:from the original on 2023-01-31 2565: 2530: 2519:from the original on 2021-11-12 2492: 2481:from the original on 2019-09-14 2463: 2423: 2411: 2399: 2387: 2375: 2363: 2351: 2327: 2312:Snape, Michael Francis (2003). 2306: 2282: 2257: 2228: 2199: 2170: 2141: 2106: 2074: 2045: 2016: 1983: 1958: 1947:from the original on 2023-05-10 1920: 1909:from the original on 2019-04-28 1862: 1851:from the original on 2011-09-30 1837: 1819: 1808:from the original on 2012-10-10 1794: 1773: 1742: 1731:from the original on 2011-11-16 1711: 1700:from the original on 2011-08-13 1686: 1668: 1643: 1402: 1290:from the original on 2023-03-01 1149:Pre-Christian Alpine traditions 1026:speaking lower caste while the 854:angels, and magical practices. 840: 534:hierarchy of gods and immortals 112:that led to the development of 7353:Separation of church and state 6006:Polytheistic reconstructionism 3412:Motif-Index of Folk-Literature 2547:10.1093/obo/9780195399318-0041 1927:Chau, Adam Yuet (2008-07-21). 1245:. In Sutcliffe, Steven (ed.). 636:(officially about 160 million 550: 541: 13: 1: 8637: 4962:Traditional Sabahan religions 3537:Northeast China folk religion 1933:. Stanford University Press. 1224: 730:concepts, which are found in 709: 706:especially in the provinces. 473:Anthropology of Folk Religion 451:, appearing in the titles of 169: 3615: 2900:Gorshunova, Olga V. (2008). 2891:Hinduism. None, one or many? 2648:Meyer, Eric D. (June 2018). 1804:. China.org.cn. 2006-04-01. 1650:Overmyer, Daniel L. (1986). 804:Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts 432:Tepoztlán: A Mexican Village 7: 7206:National religiosity levels 6431:Nauruan Indigenous religion 5986:Hellenism (modern religion) 2882:Christian, William A., Jr. 2768:Studies in Christian Ethics 2709:. Oxford University Press. 2539:"Popular and Folk Hinduism" 2384:, by Victor D. Sanua, pg 28 2031:Publications. p. 242. 2025:Spirituality and Psychiatry 1410:The Ambivalent American Jew 1247:Religion: empirical studies 1057: 951:The Ambivalent American Jew 10: 9644: 8999:Countries by ethnic groups 8994:Contemporary ethnic groups 6615: 3406:Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index 3401:Morphology (folkloristics) 2668: 2572:Narayanan, Yamini (2014). 2502:Hinduism: Past and Present 2333:Corduan, Winfried (1998). 2291:Popular religion in Russia 2241:University of Hawaii Press 2183:Edinburgh University Press 2090:Cambridge University Press 1696:. Charts bin. 2009-09-16. 1186: – Religious practice 749: 678: 489:University of Pennsylvania 409:Bayerisches Nationalmuseum 29: 9589: 9465: 9337: 9145: 8979: 8780: 8645: 8577: 8496: 8413: 8285: 8030: 7755: 7472: 7468: 7457: 7366: 7291: 7062: 6970: 6907: 6625: 6621: 6610: 6173: 6160: 6085: 5908: 5890:Transcendental Meditation 5783: 5770: 5735: 5483: 5460: 5449: 5376: 5339: 5041: 4937: 4919: 4863: 4854: 4771: 4699: 4550: 4541: 4499: 4471: 4429: 4362: 4353: 4344: 4310: 4277: 4249: 4240: 4190: 4057: 3744: 3658: 3649: 3640: 3636: 3623: 3567: 3524: 3493: 3388: 3352: 3299: 3229: 3174: 3116: 2578:. Routledge. p. 14. 289:(right), two examples of 9623:Anthropology of religion 7522:Central African Republic 4509:Vietnamese folk religion 3900:Charismatic Christianity 3544:Vietnamese folk religion 2780:10.1177/0953946814565984 1887:10.1177/0097700404274038 1869:Chau, Adam Yuet (2005). 1847:. Wwrn.org. 2001-09-14. 603:Chinese popular religion 424:cultural anthropologists 313:" over "folk religion". 9111:Torres Strait Islanders 8956:Ethnopsychopharmacology 8700:In-group and out-groups 7416:New religious movements 7049:Theories about religion 7002:Evolutionary psychology 6031:Modern Finnish paganism 3976:Independent Catholicism 2499:Michaels, Axel (2004). 2052:Ridgeon, Lloyd (2003). 1678:Encyclopædia Britannica 1241:Bowman, Marion (2004). 570:. By the 11th century ( 93:; but outside official 9352:Cultural appropriation 8065:Bosnia and Herzegovina 6046:Erzyan native religion 5895:Unitarian Universalism 5274:Native American Church 4020:Oneness Pentecostalism 3026:Thomas, Keith (1971). 2980:Panchenko, Aleksandr. 2475:sociology.iresearchnet 2206:Hinde, Robert (2009). 2084:; et al. (2007). 1205:Veneration of the dead 815: 510: 457:Folk Religion in Japan 344: 294: 187: 46: 9377:Ethnic interest group 9217:Ethnicity in censuses 9167:Cultural assimilation 8668:Ethnolinguistic group 8385:Saint Kitts and Nevis 7682:São Tomé and Príncipe 7542:Republic of the Congo 5743:Aboriginal Australian 4372:Chinese folk religion 3532:Chinese folk religion 3011:Stuart H. Blackburn, 2868:Blackburn, Stuart H. 2288:Rock, Stella (2007). 2121:Duke University Press 1783:. Npr.org. 2010-07-23 1050:Indo-Aryan times and 798: 514:Chinese folk religion 507: 500:Chinese folk religion 339: 318:sociology of religion 281: 209:cultural evolutionary 177: 150:, do not belong to a 124:Chinese folk religion 40: 9597:Minzu (anthropology) 9566:Separatist movements 9422:Ethnographic village 9252:Legendary progenitor 8887:Transidioethnography 8690:Hyphenated ethnicity 8685:Ethnographic realism 8678:Ethnoreligious group 8007:United Arab Emirates 6793:Religious experience 6167:Historical religions 5127:Four Mothers Society 4529:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương 3861:Schwenkfelder Church 3018:Taylor, Lawrence J. 2340:InterVarsity Press, 2266:Islam in Modern Asia 2023:Cook, Chris (2009). 1166:Religious syncretism 1154:Prehistoric religion 1115:Ethnoreligious group 802:such as this one in 449:comparative religion 369:religiöse Volkskunde 349:religiöse Volkskunde 63:traditional religion 9628:Religious practices 9457:Multinational state 9452:Model minority myth 9339:Multiethnic society 9257:Linguistic homeland 8673:Ethnonational group 8400:Trinidad and Tobago 8295:Antigua and Barbuda 7463:Religion by country 6519:Cult of Magna Mater 4999:Philippine Dayawism 4580:Nimbarka Sampradaya 4328:Chinese Manichaeism 4000:Jehovah's Witnesses 3805:Proto-Protestantism 2875:Brintnal, Douglas. 2854:Badone, Ellen, ed. 2795:Yoder, Don (1974). 2148:Makris, JP (2006). 1038:is the religion of 859:Temple in Jerusalem 851:Joshua Trachtenberg 640:are worshippers of 614:Cultural Revolution 465:Greek Folk Religion 441:Joshua Trachtenberg 218:indigenous American 178:Shrine of Bixia at 67:vernacular religion 9437:Middleman minority 9397:Ethnic pornography 9392:Ethnic nationalism 9297:Pantribal sodality 9242:Imagined community 8767:Symbolic ethnicity 8695:Indigenous peoples 8663:Ethnographic group 8335:Dominican Republic 7381:Abrahamic prophets 6470:Proto-Indo-Iranian 4972:Aliran Kepercayaan 4175:Non-denominational 4097:Modernist Salafism 3783:Oriental Orthodoxy 3266:Luminous gemstones 3161:Personal narrative 3070:2013-11-03 at the 3065:"Myths over Miami" 3058:2011-06-10 at the 2988:2023-04-18 at the 2921:2021-04-20 at the 2889:Gellner, David N. 2847:Allen, Catherine. 1831:2010-07-20 at the 1133:Magic and religion 931:social integration 913:practical Kabbalah 816: 775:. You can help by 595:Chinese philosophy 511: 481:Indiana University 430:, whose 1930 book 345: 299:organized religion 295: 249:Matthias Zic Varul 188: 75:organized religion 47: 9605: 9604: 9519:Ethnic stereotype 9432:Indigenous rights 9417:Ethnographic film 9402:Ethnic theme park 9362:Dominant minority 9357:Diaspora politics 9347:Consociationalism 9282:National language 9172:Cultural identity 9162:Cross-race effect 9106:Aboriginal groups 8605: 8604: 8573: 8572: 8569: 8568: 7557:Equatorial Guinea 7453: 7452: 7449: 7448: 6987:Cognitive science 6606: 6605: 6539:Mysteries of Isis 6313:Frankish paganism 6156: 6155: 6152: 6151: 6148: 6147: 5900:White Brotherhood 5766: 5765: 5731: 5730: 5132:Keetoowah Society 5033:Sundanese Wiwitan 4850: 4849: 4846: 4845: 4575:Brahma Sampradaya 4537: 4536: 4340: 4339: 4336: 4335: 4318:Assianism/Uatsdin 4236: 4235: 4005:British Israelism 3991:Nontrinitarianism 3954:Plymouth Brethren 3949:Nondenominational 3883:Congregationalism 3771:Eastern Orthodoxy 3719:Reconstructionist 3583: 3582: 3554:Yao folk religion 3549:Tai folk religion 3453: 3452: 3037:978-0-297-00220-8 2959:978-0-415-91405-5 2940:978-0-415-91405-5 2456:978-0-19-517021-4 2316:. Boydell Press, 2275:978-81-7533-094-8 2264:Khan, IK (2006). 2250:978-0-8248-1957-6 2221:978-0-415-49761-9 2192:978-0-7486-3793-5 2163:978-1-4051-1603-9 2134:978-0-8223-0781-5 2099:978-0-521-70941-5 2082:Malešević, Siniša 2067:978-0-415-29796-7 2038:978-1-904671-71-8 1966:"苍南金乡玄坛庙成华夏第八财神庙" 1537:, pp. 15–16. 1501:, pp. 41–42. 1453:, pp. 10–11. 1363:, pp. 13–14. 1339:, pp. 12–13. 1283:978-90-04-29725-8 1270:Dunn, E. (2015). 1256:978-0-7546-4158-2 1100:Philosophy portal 982:(village deity), 793: 792: 746:Folk Christianity 714:Folk Islam is an 610:Taiping Rebellion 568:Chinese mythology 401:Heinrich Schauert 110:Roman Catholicism 81:, it consists of 51:religious studies 16:(Redirected from 9635: 9489:Ethnic cleansing 9484:Ethnic bioweapon 9367:Ethnic democracy 8981:Groups by region 8931:Ethnomethodology 8914:Ethnomathematics 8904:Ethnolinguistics 8800:Ethnoarchaeology 8632: 8625: 8618: 8609: 8608: 8595: 8585: 8584: 8463:Papua New Guinea 8438:Marshall Islands 8265:Northern Ireland 7470: 7469: 7459: 7458: 7343:Secular theology 7338:Secular humanism 6623: 6622: 6612: 6611: 6487:Ancestral Pueblo 6162: 6161: 5781: 5780: 5458: 5457: 4861: 4860: 4617:Shaiva Siddhanta 4548: 4547: 4481:Korean shamanism 4360: 4359: 4351: 4350: 4247: 4246: 4160:Mahdawi movement 4030:Swedenborgianism 4010:Christadelphians 3656: 3655: 3647: 3646: 3638: 3637: 3625: 3624: 3610: 3603: 3596: 3587: 3586: 3568:General concepts 3525:Asian traditions 3506:Folk Catholicism 3480: 3473: 3466: 3457: 3456: 3396:Folklore studies 3111:genres and types 3102: 3095: 3088: 3079: 3078: 3041: 3004:Sinha, Vineeta. 2997:Sinha, Vineeta. 2963: 2944: 2911: 2861:Bastide, Roger. 2835: 2833: 2832: 2801:Western Folklore 2791: 2762: 2739:Western Folklore 2733: 2720: 2701: 2662: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2645: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2635: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2598: 2597: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2525: 2524: 2496: 2490: 2489: 2487: 2486: 2467: 2461: 2460: 2442: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2415: 2409: 2403: 2397: 2391: 2385: 2379: 2373: 2367: 2361: 2355: 2349: 2331: 2325: 2310: 2304: 2286: 2280: 2279: 2261: 2255: 2254: 2232: 2226: 2225: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2174: 2168: 2167: 2145: 2139: 2138: 2110: 2104: 2103: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2020: 2014: 2011: 2005: 2003: 1998:, archived from 1987: 1981: 1980: 1978: 1977: 1962: 1956: 1955: 1953: 1952: 1924: 1918: 1917: 1915: 1914: 1866: 1860: 1859: 1857: 1856: 1841: 1835: 1823: 1817: 1816: 1814: 1813: 1798: 1792: 1791: 1789: 1788: 1777: 1771: 1770: 1768: 1767: 1761: 1755:. 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9212:Ethnic religion 9155: 9151: 9141: 9048:Central America 8975: 8946:Ethnophilosophy 8941:Ethnomusicology 8919:Ethnostatistics 8877:Person-centered 8847:Autoethnography 8776: 8641: 8636: 8606: 8601: 8565: 8492: 8473:Solomon Islands 8409: 8281: 8185:North Macedonia 8026: 7751: 7464: 7445: 7406:Mass gatherings 7374: 7369: 7362: 7301: 7296: 7287: 7221:Religiocentrism 7201:National church 7069: 7066: 7058: 6973: 6966: 6903: 6825:Bodies of water 6617: 6602: 6387:Jamaican Maroon 6169: 6144: 6081: 5911: 5904: 5775: 5773: 5762: 5727: 5701:Trinidad Orisha 5486: 5479: 5452: 5445: 5372: 5335: 5321:Washat Dreamers 5044: 5037: 4933: 4915: 4842: 4816:Srilankan Vedda 4767: 4695: 4570:Sri Vaishnavism 4533: 4495: 4467: 4425: 4332: 4306: 4273: 4232: 4186: 4111:Twelver Shi'ism 4053: 3915:Neo-charismatic 3888:Presbyterianism 3740: 3632: 3619: 3614: 3584: 3579: 3575:Lower mythology 3563: 3520: 3489: 3484: 3454: 3449: 3384: 3348: 3324:Folk instrument 3295: 3276:Old wives' tale 3261:Legend tripping 3225: 3170: 3112: 3106: 3072:Wayback Machine 3060:Wayback Machine 3049: 3044: 3038: 2990:Wayback Machine 2960: 2941: 2923:Wayback Machine 2909: 2843: 2841:Further reading 2838: 2830: 2828: 2813:10.2307/1498248 2751:10.2307/1499910 2717: 2690:10.2307/1384846 2671: 2666: 2665: 2655: 2653: 2646: 2642: 2633: 2631: 2624: 2608: 2604: 2595: 2593: 2586: 2570: 2566: 2556: 2554: 2535: 2531: 2522: 2520: 2513: 2497: 2493: 2484: 2482: 2471:"Folk Hinduism" 2469: 2468: 2464: 2457: 2443: 2436: 2428: 2424: 2416: 2412: 2404: 2400: 2392: 2388: 2380: 2376: 2368: 2364: 2356: 2352: 2332: 2328: 2311: 2307: 2287: 2283: 2276: 2262: 2258: 2251: 2233: 2229: 2222: 2204: 2200: 2193: 2185:. p. 138. 2175: 2171: 2164: 2154:Wiley-Blackwell 2146: 2142: 2135: 2111: 2107: 2100: 2092:. p. 189. 2079: 2075: 2068: 2060:. p. 280. 2050: 2046: 2039: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2008: 1988: 1984: 1975: 1973: 1964: 1963: 1959: 1950: 1948: 1941: 1925: 1921: 1912: 1910: 1867: 1863: 1854: 1852: 1843: 1842: 1838: 1833:Wayback Machine 1824: 1820: 1811: 1809: 1800: 1799: 1795: 1786: 1784: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1765: 1763: 1759: 1752: 1748: 1747: 1743: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1721: 1717: 1716: 1712: 1703: 1701: 1692: 1691: 1687: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1662: 1648: 1644: 1636: 1632: 1624: 1620: 1612: 1597: 1593:, pp. 3–4. 1589: 1582: 1574: 1565: 1561:, pp. 2–3. 1557: 1553: 1545: 1541: 1533: 1529: 1521: 1517: 1509: 1505: 1497: 1493: 1485: 1481: 1473: 1469: 1461: 1457: 1449: 1445: 1437: 1428: 1420: 1416: 1407: 1403: 1395: 1391: 1383: 1379: 1371: 1367: 1359: 1355: 1347: 1343: 1335: 1331: 1323: 1314: 1306: 1302: 1293: 1291: 1284: 1268: 1264: 1257: 1239: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1193: 1172:Romani folklore 1098: 1093: 1091: 1086:Religion portal 1084: 1077: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1060: 963: 923:Charles Liebman 917:herbal medicine 863:hibbut ha-qever 843: 789: 783: 780: 773:needs expansion 758: 750:Main articles: 748: 712: 683: 677: 502: 471:'s reader, the 428:Robert Redfield 415:and the use of 385:Georg Schreiber 334: 276: 214:ethnic religion 172: 140:major religions 97:and practices. 35: 32:Ethnic religion 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9641: 9631: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9618:Folk religions 9603: 9602: 9600: 9599: 9593: 9591: 9587: 9586: 9584: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9556:Indigenization 9553: 9548: 9546:Ethnosymbolism 9543: 9538: 9533: 9532: 9531: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9509:Ethnic penalty 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9475: 9473: 9466: 9463: 9462: 9460: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9447:Model minority 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9427:Ethnopluralism 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9372:Ethnic enclave 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9343: 9341: 9335: 9334: 9332: 9331: 9326: 9325: 9324: 9319: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9158: 9156: 9146: 9143: 9142: 9140: 9139: 9138: 9137: 9132: 9122: 9115: 9114: 9113: 9108: 9096: 9095: 9094: 9089: 9087:Southeast Asia 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9057: 9056: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9010: 9003: 9002: 9001: 8996: 8985: 8983: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8973: 8968: 8966:Ethnosemiotics 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8938: 8936:Ethnomuseology 8933: 8928: 8923: 8922: 8921: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8895: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8828: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8802: 8797: 8795:Ethnic studies 8792: 8786: 8784: 8778: 8777: 8775: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8762:Supraethnicity 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8723: 8722: 8715:Minority group 8712: 8710:Metroethnicity 8707: 8705:Meta-ethnicity 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8681: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8655: 8649: 8647: 8643: 8642: 8635: 8634: 8627: 8620: 8612: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8599: 8589: 8578: 8575: 8574: 8571: 8570: 8567: 8566: 8564: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8502: 8500: 8494: 8493: 8491: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8419: 8417: 8411: 8410: 8408: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8291: 8289: 8283: 8282: 8280: 8279: 8278: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8255:United Kingdom 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8036: 8034: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7883: 7882: 7877: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7761: 7759: 7753: 7752: 7750: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7478: 7476: 7466: 7465: 7455: 7454: 7451: 7450: 7447: 7446: 7444: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7377: 7375: 7367: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7348:Secularization 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7328:Deconstruction 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7304: 7302: 7292: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7285: 7280: 7279: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7176:Fundamentalism 7173: 7172: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7130: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7109: 7108: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7083: 7078: 7072: 7070: 7063: 7060: 7059: 7057: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7040: 7039: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6978: 6976: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6913: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6901: 6900: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6843: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6817: 6816: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6749: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6654: 6652:Call to prayer 6649: 6644: 6639: 6637:Disaffiliation 6629: 6627: 6619: 6618: 6608: 6607: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6564: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6543: 6542: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6511: 6506: 6505: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6484: 6483: 6482: 6477: 6467: 6466: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6440: 6435: 6434: 6433: 6423: 6422: 6421: 6416: 6406: 6401: 6400: 6399: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6353: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6335:Greco-Buddhism 6332: 6322: 6321: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6295: 6290: 6289: 6288: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6267: 6266: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6245: 6244: 6239: 6229: 6224: 6223: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6186: 6185: 6174: 6171: 6170: 6158: 6157: 6154: 6153: 6150: 6149: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6142: 6141: 6140: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6089: 6087: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6079: 6078: 6077: 6065: 6060: 6059: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5977: 5976: 5966: 5965: 5964: 5959: 5949: 5948: 5947: 5942: 5932: 5927: 5926: 5925: 5916: 5914: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5886: 5885: 5880: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5849: 5848: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5787: 5785: 5778: 5768: 5767: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5739: 5737: 5733: 5732: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5725: 5724: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5696:Tambor de Mina 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5652: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5622: 5621: 5620: 5619: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5523: 5522: 5517: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5491: 5489: 5481: 5480: 5478: 5477: 5476: 5475: 5473:Guanche church 5464: 5462: 5455: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5382: 5380: 5378:Tibeto-Burmese 5374: 5373: 5371: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5349: 5347: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5307: 5306: 5301: 5291: 5286: 5284:Nuu-chah-nulth 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5265: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5228: 5227: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5206: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5193:Muscogee Creek 5190: 5185: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5135: 5134: 5129: 5119: 5118: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5060: 5055: 5049: 5047: 5039: 5038: 5036: 5035: 5030: 5028:Sumbese Marapu 5025: 5024: 5023: 5018: 5008: 5007: 5006: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4974: 4966: 4965: 4964: 4959: 4949: 4947:Batak Parmalim 4943: 4941: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4931: 4925: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4913: 4912: 4911: 4906: 4896: 4895: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4869: 4867: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4848: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4840: 4839: 4838: 4833: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4802: 4801: 4796: 4786: 4781: 4775: 4773: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4765: 4758: 4753: 4752: 4751: 4741: 4740: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4711: 4705: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4693: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4609: 4608: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4556: 4554: 4545: 4539: 4538: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4505: 4503: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4477: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4449: 4448: 4435: 4433: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4423: 4422: 4421: 4416: 4406: 4405: 4404: 4399: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4368: 4366: 4357: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4338: 4337: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4314: 4312: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4283: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4259:Ilm-e-Khshnoom 4255: 4253: 4244: 4238: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4194: 4192: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4184: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4146: 4145: 4135: 4130: 4129: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4103: 4102: 4101: 4100: 4099: 4094: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4063: 4061: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4051: 4044: 4043: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3996:Bible Students 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3966:Restorationism 3963: 3962: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3945: 3944: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3922:Evangelicalism 3919: 3918: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3897: 3896: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3864: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3833: 3823: 3822: 3821: 3816: 3802: 3801: 3800: 3795: 3785: 3780: 3779: 3778: 3768: 3767: 3766: 3761: 3750: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3738: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3695: 3694: 3693: 3692: 3682: 3681: 3680: 3664: 3662: 3653: 3644: 3634: 3633: 3621: 3620: 3613: 3612: 3605: 3598: 3590: 3581: 3580: 3578: 3577: 3571: 3569: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3540: 3539: 3528: 3526: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3501:Folk Orthodoxy 3497: 3495: 3491: 3490: 3483: 3482: 3475: 3468: 3460: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3447: 3442: 3441: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3420: 3415: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3392: 3390: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3346: 3341: 3339:Folk wrestling 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3305: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3252: 3251: 3241: 3235: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3192: 3191: 3184:Folk etymology 3180: 3178: 3176:Oral tradition 3172: 3171: 3169: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3142: 3141: 3131: 3126: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3113: 3105: 3104: 3097: 3090: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3062: 3048: 3047:External links 3045: 3043: 3042: 3036: 3023: 3016: 3009: 3002: 2995: 2978: 2973:Nutini, Hugo. 2971: 2966:Nutini, Hugo. 2964: 2958: 2945: 2939: 2926: 2913: 2898: 2887: 2880: 2873: 2866: 2859: 2852: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2836: 2792: 2774:(4): 447–460. 2763: 2734: 2721: 2715: 2702: 2684:(2): 204–212. 2672: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2663: 2640: 2623:978-1139493581 2622: 2602: 2585:978-1135012694 2584: 2564: 2529: 2511: 2491: 2462: 2455: 2434: 2422: 2410: 2398: 2386: 2374: 2362: 2350: 2326: 2305: 2281: 2274: 2256: 2249: 2243:. p. 20. 2227: 2220: 2214:. p. 99. 2198: 2191: 2169: 2162: 2156:. p. 49. 2140: 2133: 2105: 2098: 2073: 2066: 2044: 2037: 2015: 2006: 1982: 1957: 1939: 1919: 1881:(2): 236–278. 1861: 1836: 1818: 1793: 1772: 1741: 1710: 1685: 1667: 1660: 1642: 1630: 1618: 1595: 1580: 1563: 1551: 1539: 1527: 1515: 1503: 1491: 1479: 1467: 1465:, p. 204. 1455: 1443: 1426: 1414: 1401: 1399:, p. 449. 1389: 1377: 1365: 1353: 1341: 1329: 1312: 1300: 1282: 1262: 1255: 1229: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1220: 1214: 1208: 1202: 1196: 1187: 1181: 1175: 1169: 1163: 1160:Pseudoreligion 1157: 1151: 1146: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1124: 1118: 1112: 1105: 1104: 1103: 1089: 1075: 1059: 1056: 1028:Vedic Hinduism 1016:Michael Witzel 1008:M. N. Srinivas 962: 959: 947:High Holy Days 943:Passover Seder 901:thaumaturgical 842: 839: 808:folk medicines 791: 790: 770: 768: 756:Folk Orthodoxy 747: 744: 732:orthodox Islam 711: 708: 679:Main article: 676: 673: 638:Chinese people 634:Southern China 618:Mainland China 554:), who can be 501: 498: 477:John Messenger 469:Charles Leslie 461:Martin Nilsson 333: 330: 303:Émile Durkheim 275: 272: 265:lived religion 261:elite religion 171: 168: 79:popular belief 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9640: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9615: 9613: 9598: 9595: 9594: 9592: 9588: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9536:Ethnocentrism 9534: 9530: 9527: 9526: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9494:Ethnic hatred 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9464: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9344: 9342: 9340: 9336: 9330: 9327: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9314: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9287:National myth 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9232:Folk religion 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9207:Ethnic origin 9205: 9203: 9202:Ethnic option 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9127: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9120: 9116: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9103: 9102: 9101: 9097: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9077:Northern Asia 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9064: 9063: 9062: 9058: 9054: 9053:South America 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9038:United States 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9015: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9008: 9004: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8991: 8990: 8987: 8986: 8984: 8982: 8978: 8972: 8971:Ethnotaxonomy 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8926:Ethnomedicine 8924: 8920: 8917: 8916: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8862:Institutional 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8844: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8820:Ethnomycology 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8807: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8787: 8785: 8783: 8779: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8747:Polyethnicity 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8727:Monoethnicity 8725: 8721: 8718: 8717: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8660: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8650: 8648: 8644: 8640: 8633: 8628: 8626: 8621: 8619: 8614: 8613: 8610: 8598: 8594: 8590: 8588: 8580: 8579: 8576: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8503: 8501: 8499: 8498:South America 8495: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8420: 8418: 8416: 8412: 8406: 8405:United States 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8288: 8287:North America 8284: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8257: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8145:Liechtenstein 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8037: 8035: 8033: 8029: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7872: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7758: 7754: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7597:Guinea-Bissau 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7471: 7467: 7460: 7456: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7421:Organizations 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7365: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7284: 7281: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7258: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7246:Vegetarianism 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7191:Homosexuality 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7114: 7113: 7110: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7092: 7091: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7061: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7038: 7035: 7034: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7012:Neurotheology 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6979: 6977: 6975: 6969: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6914: 6912: 6910: 6906: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6884: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6822: 6821: 6818: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6800: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6733: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6706:Folk religion 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6634: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6613: 6609: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6548: 6547: 6544: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6529:Imperial cult 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6489: 6488: 6485: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6472: 6471: 6468: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6445: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6427: 6424: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6411: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6398: 6395: 6394: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6327: 6326: 6323: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6300: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6287: 6284: 6283: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6234: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6207: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6184: 6181: 6180: 6179: 6176: 6175: 6172: 6168: 6163: 6159: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6098:Discordianism 6096: 6094: 6093:Anthroposophy 6091: 6090: 6088: 6084: 6076: 6075: 6071: 6070: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6041:Mari religion 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6023: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5975: 5972: 5971: 5970: 5967: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5954: 5953: 5950: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5913: 5907: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5878:Neo-Theosophy 5876: 5875: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5847: 5844: 5843: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5816:New Acropolis 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5769: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5734: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5635: 5632: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5624: 5623: 5618: 5615: 5614: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5488: 5482: 5474: 5471: 5470: 5469: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5461:North African 5459: 5456: 5454: 5448: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5375: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5296: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5226: 5223: 5222: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5215:Kwakwakaʼwakw 5213: 5211: 5208: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5124: 5123: 5120: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5097: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5065: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5040: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5013: 5012: 5009: 5005: 5002: 5001: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4954: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4936: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4922: 4921:Austroasiatic 4918: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4901: 4900: 4897: 4893: 4892:Vattisen Yaly 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4878: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4853: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4828: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4811:Kirat Mundhum 4809: 4807: 4804: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4745: 4742: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4717: 4716: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4613: 4610: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4561: 4558: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4498: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4470: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4447: 4446: 4442: 4441: 4440: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4428: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4410: 4407: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4394: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4315: 4313: 4309: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4239: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4182: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4170:Milah Abraham 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4144: 4141: 4140: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4107: 4104: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4089: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4069: 4068: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4056: 4050: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3943: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3902: 3901: 3898: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3880: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3838: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3828: 3827: 3826:Protestantism 3824: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3811: 3808: 3807: 3806: 3803: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3790: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3777: 3774: 3773: 3772: 3769: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3756: 3755: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3691: 3688: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3669: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3611: 3606: 3604: 3599: 3597: 3592: 3591: 3588: 3576: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3533: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3523: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3487:Folk religion 3481: 3476: 3474: 3469: 3467: 3462: 3461: 3458: 3446: 3443: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3425: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3413: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3387: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3355: 3351: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3298: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3286:Silver bullet 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3247: 3246: 3245: 3244:Folk religion 3242: 3240: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3228: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3201:Nursery rhyme 3199: 3197: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3186: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3173: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3119: 3115: 3110: 3103: 3098: 3096: 3091: 3089: 3084: 3083: 3080: 3073: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3050: 3039: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3021: 3017: 3014: 3010: 3007: 3003: 3000: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2987: 2984: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2942: 2936: 2932: 2927: 2924: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2885: 2881: 2878: 2874: 2871: 2867: 2864: 2860: 2857: 2853: 2850: 2846: 2845: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2718: 2716:9780191727221 2712: 2708: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2674: 2673: 2651: 2644: 2629: 2625: 2619: 2615: 2614: 2606: 2591: 2587: 2581: 2577: 2576: 2568: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2533: 2518: 2514: 2508: 2504: 2503: 2495: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2466: 2458: 2452: 2448: 2441: 2439: 2431: 2426: 2419: 2414: 2407: 2402: 2395: 2390: 2383: 2378: 2371: 2366: 2359: 2354: 2347: 2346:0-8308-1524-4 2343: 2339: 2337: 2330: 2323: 2322:1-84383-014-0 2319: 2315: 2309: 2302: 2301:0-415-31771-1 2298: 2294: 2292: 2285: 2277: 2271: 2267: 2260: 2252: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2231: 2223: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2202: 2194: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2173: 2165: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2144: 2136: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2117: 2109: 2101: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2077: 2069: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2048: 2040: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2019: 2010: 2002:on 2012-11-05 2001: 1997: 1993: 1986: 1972:on 2011-07-07 1971: 1967: 1961: 1946: 1942: 1940:9780804767651 1936: 1932: 1931: 1923: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1865: 1850: 1846: 1840: 1834: 1830: 1827: 1822: 1807: 1803: 1797: 1782: 1776: 1762:on 2013-11-01 1758: 1751: 1745: 1727: 1720: 1714: 1699: 1695: 1689: 1680: 1679: 1671: 1663: 1661:9781478609896 1657: 1653: 1646: 1639: 1634: 1627: 1622: 1615: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1592: 1587: 1585: 1577: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1560: 1555: 1548: 1543: 1536: 1531: 1524: 1519: 1513:, p. 44. 1512: 1511:Primiano 1995 1507: 1500: 1499:Primiano 1995 1495: 1489:, p. 39. 1488: 1487:Primiano 1995 1483: 1477:, p. 38. 1476: 1475:Primiano 1995 1471: 1464: 1459: 1452: 1447: 1441:, p. 10. 1440: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1423: 1418: 1411: 1405: 1398: 1393: 1387:, p. 11. 1386: 1381: 1375:, p. 14. 1374: 1369: 1362: 1357: 1351:, p. 13. 1350: 1345: 1338: 1333: 1327:, p. 12. 1326: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1309: 1304: 1289: 1285: 1279: 1275: 1274: 1266: 1258: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1237: 1235: 1230: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1143:Popular piety 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1101: 1090: 1087: 1081: 1076: 1073: 1062: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1048:pre-rig vedic 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1022:speaking and 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1004: 1000: 995: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 968: 961:Folk Hinduism 958: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 927:American Jews 924: 920: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 893: 891: 887: 883: 879: 874: 873:Raphael Patai 870: 868: 864: 860: 855: 852: 848: 838: 836: 832: 827: 825: 821: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 787: 778: 774: 771:This section 769: 766: 762: 761: 757: 753: 743: 741: 737: 734:as well, and 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 716:umbrella term 707: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 682: 672: 670: 666: 661: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 606: 604: 600: 596: 592: 587: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 562:of lineages. 561: 557: 553: 547: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 506: 497: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 443:'s 1939 work 442: 438: 437:Volksreligion 433: 429: 425: 420: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 377:Werner Boette 374: 373:Josef Weigert 370: 366: 365:folkloristics 362: 358: 354: 350: 343: 338: 329: 325: 321: 319: 314: 312: 308: 304: 300: 292: 288: 287:San La Muerte 284: 280: 271: 268: 266: 262: 258: 253: 250: 245: 241: 239: 235: 231: 225: 224:communities. 223: 219: 215: 210: 206: 202: 199: 195: 194: 185: 181: 176: 167: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 98: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 59:folk religion 56: 55:folkloristics 52: 44: 39: 33: 19: 9571:Xenocentrism 9529:Ethnic riots 9514:Ethnic slurs 9504:Ethnic party 9467:Ideology and 9387:Ethnic media 9329:White ethnic 9322:Neotribalism 9277:Nation state 9231: 9222:Ethnofiction 9153:ethnogenesis 9124: 9117: 9098: 9067:Central Asia 9059: 9012: 9005: 8988: 8961:Ethnoscience 8951:Ethnopoetics 8899:Ethnohistory 8837:Ethnogeology 8825:Ethnozoology 8815:Ethnoecology 8805:Ethnobiology 8790:Anthropology 8742:Panethnicity 8658:Ethnic group 8002:Turkmenistan 7962:Saudi Arabia 7707:South Africa 7697:Sierra Leone 7502:Burkina Faso 7411:Names of God 7358:Unaffiliated 7313:Antireligion 7169:Universalism 7117:Assimilation 6982:Anthropology 6857:Supernatural 6852:Spirituality 6820:Sacred space 6808:Purification 6705: 6681:Denomination 6635: / 6443:Paleo-Balkan 6409:Mesopotamian 6249:Cook Islands 6220:Old Prussian 6133:UFO religion 6072: 6068:Zalmoxianism 5996:Neoshamanism 5853:Spiritualism 5736:Other ethnic 5625: 5451:Traditional 5411:Bongthingism 5299:Acoma Pueblo 5242:Mesoamerican 4939:Austronesian 4760: 4756:Neo-Buddhism 4688: 4684:Neo-Hinduism 4605:Swaminarayan 4443: 4392:Salvationist 4377:Confucianism 4228:Samaritanism 4198:Ali-Illahism 4179: 4046: 4040:Unitarianism 3981:Old Catholic 3788:Nestorianism 3746:Christianity 3733: 3699:Conservative 3494:Christianity 3486: 3418:Storytelling 3410: 3360:Cunning folk 3291:Weather lore 3243: 3166:Urban legend 3027: 3019: 3012: 3005: 2998: 2981: 2974: 2967: 2949: 2930: 2910:(in Russian) 2905: 2901: 2894: 2890: 2883: 2876: 2869: 2862: 2855: 2848: 2829:. 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Retrieved 1688: 1677: 1675:"Religion", 1670: 1651: 1645: 1640:, p. 9. 1633: 1628:, p. 6. 1621: 1616:, p. 5. 1578:, p. 3. 1554: 1549:, p. 2. 1542: 1530: 1525:, p. 9. 1518: 1506: 1494: 1482: 1470: 1458: 1446: 1424:, p. 4. 1417: 1409: 1404: 1392: 1380: 1368: 1356: 1344: 1332: 1303: 1292:. 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7251:Video games 7216:Populations 7127:Proselytism 7095:Monasticism 7086:Clericalism 7076:Agriculture 7067:and society 7032:Soteriology 6992:Comparative 6962:Transtheism 6947:Panentheism 6731:Monasticism 6524:Gallo-Roman 6426:Micronesian 6392:Manichaeism 6340:Hermeticism 6308:Continental 6303:Anglo-Saxon 6183:Paleolithic 6178:Prehistoric 6128:Scientology 5991:Italo-Roman 5846:Radha Soami 5826:New Thought 5666:Espiritismo 5607:Waaqeffanna 5547:Fon and Ewe 5485:Sub-Saharan 5368:Satsana Phi 5154:Ghost Dance 5095:Californian 5063:Anishinaabe 4989:Karo Pemena 4968:Indonesian 4642:Lingayatism 4590:Mahanubhava 4560:Vaishnavism 4491:Jeungsanism 4414:Folk Taoism 4397:Xiantiandao 4251:Zoroastrian 3910:Charismatic 3905:Pentecostal 3868:Anglicanism 3819:Waldensians 3754:Catholicism 3375:Folk healer 3231:Folk belief 3124:Animal tale 2807:(1): 1–15. 2656:26 November 2652:. p. 6 1535:Kapaló 2013 1523:Kapaló 2013 1422:Kapaló 2013 1308:Bowker 2003 1190:Stregoneria 980:Gramadevata 953:(1973) and 784:August 2024 652:worship in 605:or Taoism. 572:Song period 560:progenitors 526:Han Chinese 453:Ichiro Hori 397:Hanns Koren 311:folk belief 293:folk saints 285:(left) and 238:religiosity 198:John Bowker 134:, and folk 9612:Categories 9581:Xenophobia 9576:Xenophilia 9551:Indigenism 9479:Allophilia 9412:Ethnocracy 9302:Statistext 9237:Historical 9130:Indigenous 9082:South Asia 9018:Indigenous 8752:Population 8443:Micronesia 8320:Costa Rica 8215:San Marino 8175:Montenegro 8155:Luxembourg 8012:Uzbekistan 7987:Tajikistan 7892:Kyrgyzstan 7865:Kazakhstan 7815:East Timor 7785:Bangladesh 7775:Azerbaijan 7692:Seychelles 7657:Mozambique 7642:Mauritania 7627:Madagascar 7517:Cape Verde 7299:irreligion 7294:Secularism 7196:Minorities 7164:Toleration 7159:Syncretism 7144:Fanaticism 7134:Disability 7122:Missionary 7112:Conversion 7100:Ordination 7022:Psychology 7017:Philosophy 6957:Polytheism 6937:Monotheism 6932:Henotheism 6773:Orthopraxy 6763:Ordination 6726:Meditation 6721:Indigenous 6686:Entheogens 6671:Conversion 6497:Pueblo III 6414:Babylonian 6404:Melanesian 6330:Gnosticism 6215:Lithuanian 6108:Fourth Way 5962:Circassian 5940:Dievturība 5863:Tensegrity 5796:Falun Gong 5441:Sanamahism 5421:Donyi-Polo 5011:Polynesian 4957:Kaharingan 4882:Burkhanism 4821:Ravidassia 4799:Śvetāmbara 4585:Pushtimarg 4565:Krishnaism 4501:Vietnamese 4486:Cheondoism 4419:Yao Taoism 4355:East Asian 4121:Isma'ilism 4077:Maturidism 3856:Mennonites 3851:Hutterites 3836:Anabaptism 3729:Humanistic 3516:Folk saint 3445:Vernacular 3370:Folk devil 3329:Folk music 3319:Folk dance 3249:Folk saint 3239:Birthstone 3151:Tall tales 3134:Fairy tale 2831:2022-04-12 2732:(1): 3–18. 2634:2023-01-04 2596:2023-01-04 2523:2022-08-01 2512:0691089523 2485:2020-02-07 2295:Routledge 2123:. p.  1976:2011-11-20 1951:2011-11-20 1913:2017-08-31 1855:2011-11-20 1812:2011-11-20 1787:2011-11-20 1766:2011-11-20 1735:2011-11-20 1704:2011-11-20 1638:Yoder 1974 1626:Yoder 1974 1614:Yoder 1974 1591:Yoder 1974 1576:Yoder 1974 1559:Yoder 1974 1547:Yoder 1974 1451:Yoder 1974 1439:Yoder 1974 1397:Varul 2015 1385:Yoder 1974 1373:Yoder 1974 1361:Yoder 1974 1349:Yoder 1974 1337:Yoder 1974 1325:Yoder 1974 1294:2024-08-28 1225:References 1211:Witchcraft 1178:Sanamahism 1121:Folk saint 1036:Upanishads 999:Brahmanism 988:polytheist 984:Kuladevata 897:apotropaic 831:theologies 820:mainstream 740:syncretism 710:Folk Islam 628:, such as 524:and among 487:'s at the 413:pilgrimage 357:Paul Drews 355:preacher, 234:witchcraft 170:Definition 106:syncretism 45:in Tunisia 41:A hanging 18:Folk Islam 9541:Ethnocide 9407:Ethnoburb 9312:Tribalism 9100:Australia 9092:West Asia 9072:East Asia 9043:Caribbean 9028:Greenland 8909:Ethnology 8782:Ethnology 8720:Influence 8639:Ethnicity 8561:Venezuela 8506:Argentina 8423:Australia 8375:Nicaragua 8350:Guatemala 8150:Lithuania 7972:Sri Lanka 7967:Singapore 7947:Palestine 7835:Indonesia 7825:Hong Kong 7647:Mauritius 7368:Overviews 7323:Criticism 7276:Sectarian 7266:Terrorism 7241:Theocracy 7186:Happiness 7154:Pluralism 7139:Education 7065:Religion 7037:Salvation 7027:Sociology 6972:Religious 6952:Pantheism 6942:Nontheism 6835:Mountains 6813:Sacrifice 6768:Orthodoxy 6758:Mythology 6753:Mysticism 6642:Behaviour 6551:Canaanite 6534:Mithraism 6502:Pueblo IV 6492:Pueblo II 6397:Mazdakism 6372:Hungarian 6345:Mysteries 6254:Dravidian 6036:Hungarian 5952:Caucasian 5923:Godianism 5883:Agni Yoga 5873:Theosophy 5836:Rastafari 5811:Modekngei 5791:Brahmoism 5784:Syncretic 5776:movements 5774:religious 5686:Quimbanda 5634:Candomblé 5627:Diasporic 5406:Bathouism 5396:Benzhuism 5311:Tsimshian 5262:Purépecha 5183:Longhouse 5158:Sun Dance 5090:Blackfoot 5078:Wabunowin 5073:Midewiwin 4994:Malaysian 4984:Kapitayan 4794:Digambara 4779:Ayyavazhi 4744:Vajrayana 4709:Theravada 4622:Ganapatya 4595:Ramanandi 4524:Hoahaoism 4402:Yiguandao 4297:Yarsanism 4292:Shabakism 4279:Yazdânism 4269:Zurvanism 4264:Mazdaznan 4223:Rastafari 4218:Mandaeism 4092:Wahhabism 4072:Ash'arism 4035:Tolstoyan 4025:Spiritual 4015:Mormonism 3986:Judaizers 3959:Quakerism 3937:Methodist 3927:Irvingism 3878:Calvinism 3831:Adventism 3814:Moravians 3651:Abrahamic 3511:Mormonism 3428:Knowledge 3423:Tradition 3380:Folk hero 3334:Folk play 3314:Folk epic 3301:Folk arts 3271:Mythology 3256:Ghostlore 3221:Word game 3117:Narrative 2788:148255400 2212:Routledge 2058:Routledge 1903:144130739 1463:Bock 1966 1184:Shamanism 1054:culture. 1024:Dravidian 992:animistic 909:Baal Shem 882:Shekhinah 835:histories 824:heterodox 800:Botánicas 699:Bathalism 663:The term 660:worship. 648:worship, 578:ideas of 530:ancestors 485:Don Yoder 381:Max Rumpf 291:Argentine 257:sociology 205:Don Yoder 180:Mount Tai 87:religious 9561:Nativism 9227:Ethnonym 9192:Ethnarch 9148:Identity 9135:European 9013:Americas 8857:Critical 8852:Clinical 8646:Concepts 8587:Category 8551:Suriname 8541:Paraguay 8526:Colombia 8433:Kiribati 8360:Honduras 8330:Dominica 8305:Barbados 8270:Scotland 8230:Slovenia 8225:Slovakia 8200:Portugal 8070:Bulgaria 7992:Thailand 7942:Pakistan 7922:Mongolia 7917:Maldives 7912:Malaysia 7800:Cambodia 7747:Zimbabwe 7722:Tanzania 7572:Ethiopia 7567:Eswatini 7547:Djibouti 7512:Cameroon 7497:Botswana 7441:Timeline 7436:Scholars 7396:Founders 7256:Violence 7211:Politics 7081:Business 7044:Theology 6788:Prophecy 6778:Paganism 6666:Covenant 6633:Apostasy 6568:Scythian 6509:Rapa Nui 6463:Thracian 6458:Illyrian 6448:Albanian 6419:Sumerian 6362:Harappan 6298:Germanic 6293:Georgian 6286:Selk'nam 6271:Etruscan 6259:Egyptian 6237:Druidism 6200:Armenian 6123:Satanism 6103:Eckankar 6026:Estonian 6011:Romanian 6001:Ossetian 5981:Germanic 5930:Armenian 5919:African 5912:paganism 5841:Sant Mat 5831:Rajneesh 5806:Meivazhi 5801:Japanese 5758:Siberian 5691:Santería 5661:Convince 5527:Bushongo 5431:Kiratism 5358:Hmongism 5225:Wocekiye 5210:Jivaroan 5178:Iroquois 5173:Ho-Chunk 5122:Cherokee 5045:American 5016:Hawaiian 4929:Sarnaism 4899:Tungusic 4887:Tengrism 4877:Mongolic 4806:Sarnaism 4737:Nichiren 4714:Mahayana 4701:Buddhism 4679:Sant Mat 4669:Sauraism 4664:Smartism 4659:Shaktism 4652:Balinese 4637:Kaumaram 4632:Kapalika 4627:Kashmiri 4612:Shaivism 4552:Hinduism 4519:Caodaism 4463:Ryukyuan 4458:Tenrikyo 4453:Shugendō 4431:Japanese 4302:Yazidism 4287:Ishikism 4165:Quranism 4138:Khawarij 4087:Salafism 4082:Atharism 3971:Esoteric 3942:Holiness 3932:Lutheran 3893:Reformed 3873:Baptists 3846:Brethren 3810:Hussites 3798:Assyrian 3714:Haymanot 3668:Orthodox 3617:Religion 3433:Medicine 3389:See also 3365:Fakelore 3344:Foodways 3309:Folk art 3109:Folklore 3068:Archived 3056:Archived 2986:Archived 2919:Archived 2825:Archived 2628:Archived 2590:Archived 2557:21 April 2551:Archived 2517:Archived 2479:Archived 1945:Archived 1907:Archived 1895:20062608 1849:Archived 1829:Archived 1806:Archived 1726:Archived 1698:Archived 1288:Archived 1199:Tengrism 1109:Evil eye 1058:See also 1040:Sanskrit 1003:Sanskrit 967:Hinduism 937:and the 886:Matronit 724:orthodox 703:Hinduism 658:Cai Shen 576:Buddhist 493:theology 393:Salzburg 353:Lutheran 184:Shandong 164:baptised 132:Hinduism 118:Santería 95:doctrine 91:religion 71:religion 9590:Related 9247:Kinship 9187:Endonym 9177:Demonym 9125:Oceania 8882:Salvage 8556:Uruguay 8531:Ecuador 8511:Bolivia 8488:Vanuatu 8415:Oceania 8365:Jamaica 8345:Grenada 8300:Bahamas 8260:England 8250:Ukraine 8205:Romania 8165:Moldova 8125:Ireland 8120:Iceland 8115:Hungary 8105:Germany 8095:Finland 8090:Estonia 8085:Denmark 8080:Czechia 8075:Croatia 8060:Belgium 8055:Belarus 8050:Austria 8045:Andorra 8040:Albania 8017:Vietnam 7927:Myanmar 7902:Lebanon 7820:Georgia 7780:Bahrain 7770:Armenia 7732:Tunisia 7702:Somalia 7687:Senegal 7672:Nigeria 7662:Namibia 7652:Morocco 7617:Liberia 7612:Lesotho 7562:Eritrea 7532:Comoros 7507:Burundi 7482:Algeria 7426:Outline 7391:Deities 7318:Atheism 7231:Science 7149:Freedom 7007:History 6974:studies 6927:Dualism 6917:Animism 6882:Worship 6862:Symbols 6803:Liturgy 6716:Goddess 6676:Deities 6657:Laicism 6647:Beliefs 6626:Aspects 6598:Zapotec 6593:Vainakh 6561:Yahwism 6546:Semitic 6475:Iranian 6377:Hurrian 6367:Hittite 6357:Guanche 6350:Orphism 6281:Fuegian 6276:Finnish 6264:Atenism 6210:Latvian 6195:Arabian 6138:Raëlism 6118:Jediism 6113:Goddess 6086:De novo 5974:Druidry 5868:Thelema 5821:New Age 5706:Umbanda 5597:Tumbuka 5582:Odinala 5567:Lugbara 5487:African 5453:African 5401:Bimoism 5391:Burmese 5237:Mapuche 5203:Wyandot 5163:Guarani 5144:Choctaw 5139:Chilote 5058:Alaskan 5053:Abenaki 5004:Tagalog 4977:Kejawèn 4826:Sikhism 4789:Jainism 4749:Tibetan 4732:Amidism 4600:Warkari 4514:Đạo Mẫu 4364:Chinese 4346:Eastern 4323:Roshani 4242:Iranian 4150:Alevism 4143:Ibadism 4116:Zaydism 3793:Ancient 3764:Eastern 3724:Renewal 3709:Karaite 3690:Zionist 3678:Hasidic 3660:Judaism 3642:Western 3353:Society 3206:Proverb 3156:Parable 2821:1498248 2759:1499910 2698:1384846 2669:Sources 2029:RCPsych 1020:Prakrit 972:deities 939:Sabbath 905:Halakha 878:Asherah 867:aggadah 812:amulets 695:Anitism 691:animism 665:Shenism 654:Shaanxi 646:Huangdi 630:Mazuism 612:to the 564:Stories 556:deities 538:Chinese 417:shrines 222:African 148:worship 130:, folk 126:, folk 9119:Europe 9033:Mexico 9023:Canada 9007:Africa 8872:Online 8732:Nation 8597:Portal 8536:Guyana 8516:Brazil 8483:Tuvalu 8380:Panama 8370:Mexico 8315:Canada 8310:Belize 8240:Sweden 8220:Serbia 8210:Russia 8195:Poland 8190:Norway 8170:Monaco 8140:Latvia 8135:Kosovo 8110:Greece 8100:France 8032:Europe 7997:Turkey 7982:Taiwan 7887:Kuwait 7860:Jordan 7850:Israel 7810:Cyprus 7795:Brunei 7790:Bhutan 7742:Zambia 7737:Uganda 7677:Rwanda 7632:Malawi 7592:Guinea 7582:Gambia 7487:Angola 7474:Africa 7283:Wealth 7226:Schism 7181:Growth 7105:Priest 7090:Clergy 6909:Theism 6892:Nature 6887:Astral 6830:Groves 6798:Ritual 6783:Prayer 6741:Novice 6691:Ethnic 6616:Topics 6588:Urartu 6583:Tongan 6578:Somali 6573:Slavic 6453:Dacian 6232:Celtic 6227:Basque 6205:Baltic 6056:Udmurt 6021:Uralic 6016:Slavic 5969:Celtic 5957:Abkhaz 5945:Romuva 5935:Baltic 5910:Modern 5753:Papuan 5716:Voodoo 5671:Kumina 5612:Yoruba 5602:Urhobo 5572:Maasai 5557:Lotuko 5505:Baluba 5495:Akamba 5468:Berber 5426:Heraka 5416:Dongba 5294:Pueblo 5289:Pawnee 5279:Navajo 5269:Muisca 5232:Lenape 5220:Lakota 5198:Seneca 5188:Mohawk 5110:Ohlone 5085:Apache 5068:Ojibwe 5043:Native 4909:Manchu 4904:Evenki 4865:Altaic 4856:Ethnic 4831:Khalsa 4784:Kalash 4674:Śrauta 4543:Indian 4473:Korean 4439:Shinto 4409:Taoism 4382:Luoism 4208:Baháʼí 4203:Bábism 4155:Ahmadi 4133:Sufism 4126:Alawis 3776:Church 3704:Reform 3685:Modern 3673:Haredi 3281:Ritual 3216:Saying 3211:Riddle 3146:Legend 3034:  2956:  2937:  2819:  2786:  2757:  2713:  2696:  2620:  2582:  2509:  2453:  2344:  2320:  2299:  2272:  2247:  2218:  2189:  2160:  2131:  2096:  2064:  2035:  1937:  1901:  1893:  1681:, 2011 1658:  1280:  1253:  1127:Gavari 890:Lilith 888:, and 884:, the 880:, the 656:, and 622:Taiwan 591:Taoism 584:Taoist 548:: 546:pinyin 540:: 479:'s at 467:, and 389:Munich 379:, and 152:church 144:clergy 83:ethnic 9262:Mores 8989:World 8892:Video 8772:Tribe 8521:Chile 8478:Tonga 8468:Samoa 8458:Palau 8448:Nauru 8355:Haiti 8275:Wales 8235:Spain 8160:Malta 8130:Italy 8022:Yemen 7977:Syria 7957:Qatar 7932:Nepal 7907:Macau 7870:Korea 7855:Japan 7830:India 7805:China 7717:Sudan 7667:Niger 7622:Libya 7607:Kenya 7587:Ghana 7577:Gabon 7552:Egypt 7492:Benin 7401:Index 7372:lists 7236:State 7054:Women 6922:Deism 6897:Place 6877:Water 6872:Truth 6840:Trees 6696:Faith 6661:Laity 6556:Punic 6514:Roman 6480:Vedic 6438:Olmec 6325:Greek 6318:Norse 6242:Irish 6063:Wicca 5858:Subud 5748:Inuit 5721:Winti 5711:Vodou 5676:Obeah 5656:Comfa 5639:Bantu 5592:Serer 5577:Mbuti 5537:Dogon 5532:Dinka 5515:Kongo 5510:Bantu 5436:Qiang 5326:Yaqui 5257:Olmec 5247:Aztec 5168:Haida 5105:Miwok 5100:Kuksu 5021:Māori 4952:Dayak 4873:Turko 4836:Sects 4772:Other 4727:Thiền 4311:Other 4213:Druze 4191:Other 4067:Sunni 4059:Islam 3841:Amish 3759:Latin 3438:Story 3189:False 3129:Fable 2817:JSTOR 2784:S2CID 2755:JSTOR 2694:JSTOR 1899:S2CID 1891:JSTOR 1760:(PDF) 1753:(PDF) 1729:(PDF) 1722:(PDF) 1032:Vedas 899:, or 720:Islam 580:karma 522:China 307:magic 160:creed 156:faith 136:Islam 114:Vodun 65:, or 43:hamsa 9061:Asia 8757:Race 8653:Clan 8546:Peru 8428:Fiji 8325:Cuba 7937:Oman 7897:Laos 7845:Iraq 7840:Iran 7757:Asia 7727:Togo 7637:Mali 7527:Chad 7370:and 7297:and 6867:Text 6847:Soul 6736:Monk 6701:Fire 6382:Inca 6190:Ainu 6074:list 6051:Sámi 5681:Palo 5649:Ketu 5644:Jejé 5562:Lozi 5542:Efik 5520:Zulu 5500:Akan 5353:Ahom 5345:Miao 5343:and 5331:Zuni 5304:Hopi 5252:Maya 5149:Crow 5115:Pomo 4762:list 4719:Chan 4690:list 4647:Nath 4445:list 4181:list 4106:Shia 4048:list 3735:list 3196:Joke 3139:list 3032:ISBN 2954:ISBN 2935:ISBN 2711:ISBN 2658:2022 2618:ISBN 2580:ISBN 2559:2022 2507:ISBN 2451:ISBN 2342:ISBN 2318:ISBN 2297:ISBN 2270:ISBN 2245:ISBN 2216:ISBN 2187:ISBN 2158:ISBN 2129:ISBN 2094:ISBN 2062:ISBN 2033:ISBN 1935:ISBN 1656:ISBN 1278:ISBN 1251:ISBN 1034:and 990:and 833:and 826:", 822:and 810:and 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Index

Folk Islam
Ethnic religion

hamsa
religious studies
folkloristics
religion
organized religion
popular belief
ethnic
religious
religion
doctrine
folk culture
syncretism
Roman Catholicism
Vodun
Santería
Chinese folk religion
Christianity
Hinduism
Islam
major religions
clergy
worship
church
faith
creed
baptised

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