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348:(a) The maturation of a follicle is shown in a clockwise direction proceeding from the primordial follicles. FSH stimulates the growth of a tertiary follicle, and LH stimulates the production of estrogen by granulosa and theca cells. Once the follicle is mature, it ruptures and releases the oocyte. Cells remaining in the follicle then develop into the corpus luteum. (b) In this electron micrograph of a secondary follicle, the oocyte, theca cells (thecae folliculi), and developing antrum are clearly visible. Electron microscopy images
31:
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of, the matching strand (termed “homologous recombinational repair”). Titus et al. (2013) found that, as humans (and mice) age, expression of four key DNA repair genes necessary for homologous recombinational repair declines in oocytes. They hypothesized that DNA double-strand break repair is vital for the maintenance of oocyte reserve, and that a decline in efficiency of repair with age plays a key role in the depletion of the ovarian reserve (ovarian aging).
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509:, the basic structure of the mature follicle has formed and no novel cells are detectable. Granulosa and theca cells continue to undergo mitotis concomitant with an increase in antrum volume. Tertiary follicles can attain a tremendous size that is hampered only by the availability of FSH, which it is now dependent on.
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Recently, two publications have challenged the idea that a finite number of follicles are set around the time of birth. Renewal of ovarian follicles from germline stem cells (originating from bone marrow and peripheral blood) was reported in the postnatal mouse ovary. Studies attempting to replicate
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Note: Many sources misrepresent the pace of follicle growth, some even suggesting that it takes only fourteen days for a primordial follicle to become preovulatory. Actually, the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle means the time between selection of a tertiary follicle and its subsequent growth
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As women (and mice) age, double-strand breaks accumulate in their primordial follicle reserve. These follicles contain primary oocytes that are arrested in prophase of the first cell division of meiosis. Double-strand breaks are accurately repaired during meiosis by searching for, and building off
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The curve describes the percentage of ovarian reserve remaining at ages from birth to 55 years, based on the ADC model. 100% is taken to be the maximum ovarian reserve, occurring at 18–22 weeks post-conception. The percentages apply to all women whose ovarian reserve declines in line with our model
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The pattern of this emergence of a cohort of five to seven antral follicles is debated. There are theories of continuous recruitment of antral follicles, theories of a single recruitment episode at the end of the luteal phase, and more recently there has been evidence for a recruitment model marked
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The endocrine system coincides with the menstrual cycle and goes through thirteen cycles (and thus thirteen LH spikes) during the course of normal folliculogenesis. However, coordinated enzyme signalling and the time-specific expression of hormonal receptors ensures that follicle growth does not
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The late-term secondary follicle is marked histologically and structurally by a fully grown oocyte surrounded by a zona pellucida, approximately nine layers of granulosa cells, a basal lamina, a theca interna, a capillary net, and a theca externa. The development of the antrum also starts taking
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Following ovulation, LH stimulates the formation of the corpus luteum. Estrogen has since dropped to negative stimulatory levels after ovulation and therefore serves to maintain the concentration of FSH and LH. Inhibin, which is also secreted by the corpus luteum, contributes to FSH inhibition.
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At low concentration, estrogen inhibits gonadotropins, but high concentration of estrogen stimulates them. In addition, as more estrogen is secreted, more LH receptors are made by the theca cells, inciting theca cells to create more androgen that will become estrogen downstream. This positive
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GnRH stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland that will later have a stimulatory effect on follicle growth (not immediately, however, because only antral follicles are dependent on FSH and LH). When theca cells form in the tertiary follicle the amount of estrogen
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A rise in pituitary FSH caused by the disintegration of the corpus luteum at the conclusion of a menstrual cycle precipitates the recruitment of five to seven class 5 follicles to participate in the next cycle. These follicles enter the end of the prior menstrual cycle and transition into the
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Folliculogenesis is continuous, meaning that at any time the ovary contains follicles in many stages of development. The majority of follicles die and never complete development. A few develop fully to produce a secondary oocyte which is released by rupture of the follicle in a process called
345:
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The supply of follicles decreases slightly before birth, and to 500,000 by puberty for the average case (populations at puberty range from 25,000 to 1.5 million). By virtue of the "inefficient" nature of folliculogenesis (discussed later), only 400–500 of these follicles will ever reach the
153:
Follicle ‘selection’ is the process by which a single ‘dominant’ follicle is chosen from the recruited cohort or wave for preferential growth. It has generally been documented to occur once in the early- to mid- follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, leading to ovulation.
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The estradiol increases and triggers and ovulatory peak of LH (and FSH). This peak (through AMPc) activates the pro-inflammatory genes, which cause the break of the follicle wall and the oocyte gets out. The ruptured follicle will undergo a dramatic transformation into the
771:(i.e. late and early menopause are associated with high and low peak NGF populations, respectively). We estimate that for 95% of women by the age of 30 years only 12% of their maximum pre-birth NGF population is present and by the age of 40 years only 3% remains.
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The oocyte is technically still a secondary oocyte, suspended in the metaphase II of meiosis. It will develop into an ootid, and rapidly thereafter into an ovum (via completion of meiosis II) only upon fertilization. The oocyte will now travel down one of the
137:
During follicular development, primordial follicles undergo a series of critical changes in character, both histologically and hormonally. First they change into primary follicles and later into secondary follicles. The follicles then transition to
384:
The process by which primordial cells 'wake up' is known as initial recruitment. Research has shown that initial recruitment is mediated by the counterbalance of various stimulatory and inhibitory hormones and locally produced growth factors.
381:, only 1,000 follicles remain. It seems likely that early menopause occurs for women with low populations at birth, and late menopause occurs for women with high populations at birth, but there is as yet no clinical evidence for this.
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The early tertiary follicle is arbitrarily divided into five classes. Class 1 follicles are 0.2 mm in diameter, class 2 about 0.4 mm, class 3 about 0.9 mm, class 4 about 2 mm, and class 5 about 5 mm.
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Class 6 follicles are about 10 mm in diameter, class 7 about 16 mm, and class 8 about 20 mm. It is common for non-dominant follicles to grow beyond class 5, but rarely is there more than one class 8 follicle.
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forms around the oocyte, separating it from the surrounding granulosa cells.The zona pellucida, which remains with the oocyte after ovulation, contains enzymes that catalyze with sperm to allow penetration.
134:, clutches of follicles begin folliculogenesis, entering a growth pattern that ends in ovulation (the process where the oocyte leaves the follicle) or in atresia (death of the follicle's granulosa cells).
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determined that by the time women are 30 years old, only 10% of their non-growing follicles (NGFs) remain. At birth, women have all their follicles for folliculogenesis, and they steadily decline until
158:
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will not be able to develop further; they will show retardation of their growth rate and become atretic. Eventually, only one follicle will be viable. This remaining follicle, called the
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These two steps, while not part of folliculogenesis, are included for completeness. They are discussed in their entirety by their respective articles, and placed into perspective by the
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pathways that are vital for communication between the follicle and oocyte are formed. Both the oocyte and the follicle grow dramatically, increasing to almost 0.1 mm in diameter.
361:(foetal female ovary) contains its peak number of follicles (about 4 to 5 million in the average case, but individual peak populations range from 6 to 7 million). These
416:(FSH) at this time, but they are gonadotropin-independent until the antral stage. Research has shown, however, that the presence of FSH accelerates follicle growth
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of all constituent cells and the oocyte. Although it is not known what causes atresia, the presence of high concentrations of FSH has been shown to prevent it.
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are incapable of responding to the hormonal cues that previously recruited some follicles to mature. This depletion in follicle supply signals the beginning of
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Johnson J, Bagley J, Skaznik-Wikiel M, Lee H, Adams G, Niikura Y, Tschudy K, Tilly J, Cortes M, Forkert R, Spitzer T, Iacomini J, Scadden D, Tilly J (2005).
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Under action of an oocyte-secreted morphogenic gradient, the granulosa cells of the tertiary follicle undergo differentiation into four distinct subtypes:
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support. From the whole pool of follicles a woman is born with, only 0.1% of them will rise ovulation, whereas 99.9% will break down (in a process called
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or
Graafian follicles. Definitions differ in where this shift occurs in the staging given above, with some stating that it occurs when entering the
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de
Ziegler D (2007), "Roles of FSH and LH during the follicular phase: insight into the natural cycle IVF", RBM Online volume 15 No. 5, page 508
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142:. At this stage in development, they become dependent on hormones, particularly FSH which causes a substantial increase in their growth rate.
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448:. An intricate network of capillary vessels forms between these two thecal layers and begins to circulate blood to and from the follicle.
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373:. Because primordial follicles can be dormant for up to 50 years in humans, the length of the ovarian cycle does not include this time.
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these results are underway, but a study of populations in 325 human ovaries found no supporting evidence for follicular replenishment.
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Johnson J, Canning J, Kaneko T, Pru J, Tilly J (2004). "Germline stem cells and follicular renewal in the postnatal mammalian ovary".
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by 2 - 3 waves of follicle recruitment and development during the menstrual cycle (only one of which is actually an ovulatory wave).
528:, which connects the membrana and corona radiata granulosa cells together. Each type of cell behaves differently in response to FSH.
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to eventually be discharged through menstruation in the case that it is unfertilized or if it is not successfully implanted in the
1689:"Developmental exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors: Consequences within the ovary and on female reproductive function"
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At this point, the majority of the group of follicles that started growth have died. This process of follicle death is known as
369:(support cells) that are segregated from the oocyte's environment by the basal lamina. They are quiescent, showing little to no
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1191:"Growth rates of ovarian follicles during natural menstrual cycles, oral contraception cycles, and ovarian stimulation cycles"
696:. Five hormones participate in an intricate process of positive and negative feedback to regulate folliculogenesis. They are:
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397:, the granulosa cells of the primordial follicles change from a flat to a cuboidal structure, marking the beginning of the
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is about 1.5 mm per day (±0.1 mm), both in natural cycles and for any dominant follicle developing while taking
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The growing follicle passes through the following distinct stages that are defined by certain structural characteristics:
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Titus, S; Li, F; Stobezki, R; Akula, K; Unsal, E; Jeong, K; Dickler, M; Robson, M; Moy, F; Goswami, S; Oktay, K (2013).
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In a larger perspective, the whole folliculogenesis, from primordial to preovulatory follicle, belongs to the stage of
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Stroma-like theca cells are recruited by oocyte-secreted signals. They surround the follicle's outermost layer, the
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of the next one. The selected follicles, called antral follicles, compete with each other for growth-inducing FSH.
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337:. During the late preovulatory stage, the oocyte continues meiosis and becomes a secondary oocyte, arrested in
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Vandenhurk, R.; Bevers, M.; Beckers, J. (1997). "In-vivo and in-vitro development of preantral follicles".
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413:
1654:"Formation of mammalian oocytes and their growth, differentiation and maturation within ovarian follicles"
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1894:
1341:"Oocyte generation in adult mammalian ovaries by putative germ cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood"
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Progesterone, secreted by the corpus luteum, inhibits the follicular growth and maintains the pregnancy.
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By the end of the follicular (or proliferative) phase of the thirteenth day of the menstrual cycle, the
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1441:"Impairment of BRCA1-related DNA double-strand break repair leads to ovarian aging in mice and humans"
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Until the preovulatory stage, the follicle contains a primary oocyte that is arrested in prophase of
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Gougeon A (1986). "Dynamics of follicular growth in the human: a model from preliminary results".
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Definitions differ as to which stage this shift occurs in, with some designating follicles in the
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increases sharply (theca-derived androgen is aromatized into estrogen by the granulosa cells).
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As with most things related to the reproductive system, folliculogenesis is controlled by the
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Fortune, JE; Yang, MY; Muruvi, W (2010). Lucy, MC; Pate, JL; Smith, MF; Spencer, TE (eds.).
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Although the process is similar in many animals, this article will deal exclusively with
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feedback loop causes LH to spike sharply, and it is this spike that causes ovulation.
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Diagram of folliculogenesis, starting from pre-antral (late secondary), courtesy NCBI
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641:. In natural cycles, ovulation may occur in follicles that are at least 14 mm.
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into a preovulatory follicle. The actual time for development of a follicle varies.
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leads to a greater recruitment of follicles, growing at about 1.6 mm per day.
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In response to the rise of FSH, the antral follicles begin to secrete estrogen and
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1523:"The earliest stages of follicular development: follicle formation and activation"
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1590:"Regulation of ovarian follicular development in primates: facts and hypotheses"
637:, and excrete the oocyte with a complement of cumulus cells in a process called
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1154:"Ovarian antral folliculogenesis during the human menstrual cycle: A review"
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918:"Ovarian antral folliculogenesis during the human menstrual cycle: a review"
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Late tertiary and preovulatory (the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle)
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Section of the ovary. (#5 through #9 represent stages of folliculogenesis)
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Caglar G, Asimakopoulos B, Nikolettos N, Diedrich K, Al-Hasani S (2005).
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The formation of a fluid-filled cavity adjacent to the oocyte called the
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Folliculogenesis
Graphic Depicting Hormones Involved at anshlabs.com
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71:. Folliculogenesis describes the progression of a number of small
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Baerwald, Angela R.; Walker, Randy A.; Pierson, Roger A. (2009).
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Baerwald, Angela R.; Adams, Gregg P.; Pierson, Roger A. (2012).
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article. It is recommended that these three topics be reviewed.
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that still lacks an antrum. An antral follicle is also called a
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layer of the preovulatory follicle will develop an opening, or
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Theca interna cells express receptors for luteinizing hormone (
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Building growth in estrogen concentration, all other follicles
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Primordial follicles are about 0.03–0.05 mm in diameter.
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stage, and others stating that it occurs when entering the
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The ovary - folliculogenesis and oogenesis at nlm.nih.gov
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At 18–22 weeks post-conception, the cortex of the female
1272:"Human Ovarian Reserve from Conception to the Menopause"
1037:"Human Ovarian Reserve from Conception to the Menopause"
768:
Percentage of ovarian reserve related to increasing age.
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1000:
665:, a steroidiogenic cluster of cells that maintains the
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Morphology and
Physiology of the Ovary at endotext.org
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Wallace, W. Hamish B.; Thomas W. Kelsey (2010-01-27).
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contain immature oocytes surrounded by flat, squamous
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ruptures and discharges the oocyte (that has become a
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543:, which are aromatized by granulosa cells to produce
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915:
126:. These follicles each contain a similarly immature
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754:become disregulated during these premature spikes.
669:of the uterus by the secretion of large amounts of
288:, no further cytodifferentiation, no novel progress
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401:. The oocyte genome is activated and genes become
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440:, and undergo cytodifferentiation to become the
1106:"The primordial to primary follicle transition"
609:The growth of the dominant follicle during the
551:. Consequently, estrogen levels begin to rise.
2984:Extended cycle combined hormonal contraceptive
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1579:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (
1104:Fortune J, Cushman R, Wahl C, Kito S (2000).
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16:Process of maturation of primordial follicles
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974:Human physiology : from cells to system
261:The follicle is now 0.2 mm in diameter
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314:In addition, follicles that have formed an
144:The late tertiary or pre-ovulatory follicle
122:of the human female contain many immature,
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1760:Folliculogenesis and Ovulation at gfmer.ch
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423:A glycoprotein polymer capsule called the
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976:. Australia; United States: Brooks/Cole.
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970:, section "formation of the antrum" in:
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343:
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29:
1488:"Recombinant LH in ovarian stimulation"
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412:Primary follicles develop receptors to
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1021:
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3671:Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis
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2820:
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1637:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136365
565:, and it is characterized by radical
2535:Infra-corporeal residual spongy part
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1687:Uzumcu, Mehmet; Zachow, Rob (2007).
1671:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.08.005
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258:, multiple layers of granulosa cells
110:The primary role of the follicle is
3666:Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis
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687:
619:controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
455:
13:
516:, surrounding the zona pellucida;
452:place in secondary follicle stage
47:6 - Deterioration of corpus luteum
14:
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1765:Reproductive Physiology at ufp.pt
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1035:Wallace, WHB; Kelsey, TW (2010).
777:10.1371/journal.pone.0008772.g005
539:by the theca cells, most notably
500:
493:, and others designating them as
1208:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.11.054
891:
879:
800:Depletion of the ovarian reserve
615:combined oral contraceptive pill
535:). LH induces the production of
520:, interior to the basal lamina;
220:, small, only one layer of flat
3131:Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
2531:Trabeculae of corpora cavernosa
1652:van den Hurk R, Zhao J (2005).
1432:
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625:Ovulation and the corpus luteum
244:Almost 0.1 mm in diameter
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123:
83:that occurs in part during the
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1713:10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.10.006
1246:(2 ed.). Academic Press.
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898:transitional primary follicle.
701:gonadotropin-releasing hormone
470:designates the follicle as an
140:tertiary, or antral, follicles
1:
3814:Human female endocrine system
1505:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)61123-6
1123:10.1016/S0303-7207(99)00240-3
1015:10.1016/S0093-691X(96)00341-X
903:
524:, adjacent to the antrum and
474:, in contrast to a so-called
352:
3809:Animal developmental biology
3152:Menstrual hygiene management
3103:Premenstrual water retention
3077:Polymenorrhea (epimenorrhea)
3042:Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)
1539:10.7313/upo9781907284991.018
1457:10.1126/scitranslmed.3004925
1307:10.1371/journal.pone.0008772
1244:Encyclopedia of Reproduction
1072:10.1371/journal.pone.0008772
972:Sherwood, Lauralee. (2010).
787:In 2010, researchers at the
717:follicle-stimulating hormone
431:
414:follicle stimulating hormone
150:), ending folliculogenesis.
63:, a densely packed shell of
7:
1242:Michael K. Skinner (2018).
866:Oocyte maturation inhibitor
821:ovarian follicle activation
808:
395:ovarian follicle activation
105:
10:
3830:
3656:Reproductive endocrinology
1801:Female reproductive system
1358:10.1016/j.cell.2005.06.031
459:
388:
191:
67:that contains an immature
34:Order of changes in ovary.
3745:
3724:Human reproductive system
3722:
3689:
3654:
3631:
3543:
3441:
3357:
3319:
3202:
3144:
3116:
3085:
3047:Metropathia haemorrhagica
2997:
2974:
2957:Billings Ovulation Method
2939:
2913:
2906:
2885:
2854:
2773:
2707:
2689:External urethral orifice
2680:Vestibular gland openings
2654:
2485:
2467:Posterior labial arteries
2393:
2375:
2326:
2305:
2280:
2242:
2197:
2132:
2123:
2084:
2054:
2011:
1966:
1918:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1807:
922:Human Reproduction Update
59:is the maturation of the
3262:Sustainable menstruation
3242:Menstruation celebration
2598:Superficial dorsal veins
2588:Internal pudendal artery
3204:In culture and religion
2758:Uterine venous plexuses
2613:Internal pudendal veins
2438:Posterior labial nerves
1693:Reproductive Toxicology
1541:(inactive 2024-03-31).
1527:Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl
1195:Fertility and Sterility
789:University of Edinburgh
703:(GnRH) secreted by the
377:preovulatory stage. At
39:2 - Developing follicle
3746:Diseases and disorders
3555:Sexual differentiation
3032:Irregular menstruation
2989:Lactational amenorrhea
2952:Calendar-based methods
2921:Basal body temperature
2472:Posterior labial veins
2443:Anterior labial nerves
2272:Pubocervical ligaments
780:
349:
162:
80:preovulatory follicles
48:
3778:Premature ejaculation
3773:Hard flaccid syndrome
3443:Human sexual activity
3232:Menstrual suppression
3194:Menstrual Hygiene Day
3126:Premenstrual syndrome
2763:Vaginal venous plexus
2267:Uterosacral ligaments
1607:10.1210/edrv-17-2-121
935:10.1093/humupd/dmr039
765:
673:and minor amounts of
598:preovulatory follicle
460:Further information:
347:
192:Further information:
166:Phases of development
160:
33:
3768:Erectile dysfunction
2806:Uterotubal junctions
2428:Posterior commissure
2293:Urogenital diaphragm
2182:Supravaginal portion
2104:Vesicular appendages
2069:Suspensory ligaments
2013:Fallopian tubes
1492:Reprod Biomed Online
363:primordial follicles
124:primordial follicles
74:primordial follicles
3547:reproductive system
3535:Vaginal lubrication
3313:sexual reproduction
3167:Cloth menstrual pad
3136:Menstrual psychosis
3098:Menstrual synchrony
2947:Fertility awareness
2801:Vesicouterine pouch
2545:Commissure of bulbs
2510:Suspensory ligament
2423:Anterior commissure
2046:Intramural segments
1926:Germinal epithelium
1910:Perivitelline space
1705:2007RepTx..23..337U
1410:10.1038/nature02316
1402:2004Natur.428..145J
1298:2010PLoSO...5.8772W
1110:Mol Cell Endocrinol
1063:2010PLoSO...5.8772W
836:human fertilization
758:Number of follicles
723:luteinizing hormone
407:paracrine signaling
371:biological activity
118:). From birth, the
41:3 - Mature follicle
3545:Development of the
3456:Sexual intercourse
2796:Rectouterine pouch
2515:Fundiform ligament
2358:Support structures
2313:Bartholin's glands
2262:Cardinal ligaments
2074:Pampiniform plexus
1905:Membrana granulosa
1588:Gougeon A (1996).
861:Follicular atresia
851:reproductive cycle
781:
476:preantral follicle
350:
163:
116:follicular atresia
49:
3791:
3790:
3560:Sexual dimorphism
3525:Postpartum period
3275:
3274:
2970:
2969:
2855:Events and phases
2814:
2813:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2603:Deep dorsal veins
2583:Arteries of bulbs
2527:Corpora cavernosa
2477:Interlabial sulci
2418:Labiocrural folds
2371:
2370:
2306:Vestibular glands
2301:
2300:
2119:
2118:
2086:Wolffian vestiges
2064:Ovarian ligaments
2007:
2006:
1883:Follicular antrum
983:978-0-495-39184-5
873:Additional images
594:dominant follicle
507:tertiary follicle
480:Graafian follicle
312:
311:
90:Contrary to male
45:5 - Corpus luteum
25:folliculogenesis.
3821:
3530:Mechanics of sex
3339:Follicular phase
3309:Human physiology
3302:
3295:
3288:
3279:
3278:
3247:Menstruation hut
3227:Menstrual stigma
3187:Period underwear
3157:Feminine hygiene
3093:Folliculogenesis
3037:Menometrorrhagia
2911:
2910:
2867:Follicular phase
2841:
2834:
2827:
2818:
2817:
2718:Ovarian arteries
2644:Tunica albuginea
2433:Dartos muliebris
2391:
2390:
2382:
2381:
2130:
2129:
1941:Cumulus oophorus
1931:Tunica albuginea
1888:Follicular fluid
1832:
1831:
1823:
1822:
1814:
1813:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1734:
1724:
1683:
1673:
1648:
1619:
1609:
1584:
1578:
1570:
1560:
1517:
1507:
1479:
1478:
1468:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1396:(6979): 145–50.
1385:
1379:
1378:
1360:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1319:
1309:
1291:
1267:
1258:
1257:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1210:
1186:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1125:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1084:
1074:
1056:
1032:
1019:
1018:
997:
988:
987:
965:
956:
955:
937:
913:
895:
883:
816:ovarian follicle
694:endocrine system
688:Hormone function
631:cumulus oophorus
611:follicular phase
575:follicular phase
526:cumulus oophorus
456:Antrum formation
399:primary follicle
320:antral follicles
198:
197:
148:secondary oocyte
61:ovarian follicle
57:folliculogenesis
37:1 - Menstruation
3829:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3741:
3718:
3685:
3658:and infertility
3657:
3650:
3627:
3546:
3539:
3437:
3367:Spermatogenesis
3353:
3321:Menstrual cycle
3315:
3306:
3276:
3271:
3237:Menstrual taboo
3222:Menstrual leave
3198:
3140:
3112:
3108:Sexual activity
3081:
3072:Polymenorrhagia
3057:Oligoamenorrhea
3017:Cryptomenorrhea
2993:
2966:
2962:Creighton Model
2935:
2902:
2881:
2850:
2848:Menstrual cycle
2845:
2815:
2810:
2791:Perineal sponge
2786:Urethral sponge
2769:
2738:Spiral arteries
2695:
2669:Vaginal orifice
2650:
2573:Dorsal arteries
2550:Pars intermedia
2481:
2367:
2322:
2297:
2276:
2257:Broad ligaments
2252:Round ligaments
2238:
2193:
2115:
2094:Gartner's ducts
2080:
2050:
2003:
1962:
1914:
1803:
1798:
1741:
1572:
1571:
1549:
1482:
1437:
1433:
1386:
1382:
1337:
1333:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1236:
1232:
1187:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1102:
1098:
1033:
1022:
998:
991:
984:
966:
959:
914:
910:
906:
899:
896:
887:
884:
875:
870:
856:spermatogenesis
841:menstrual cycle
826:granulosa cells
811:
802:
760:
690:
682:menstrual cycle
653:(if previously
647:fallopian tubes
627:
557:
503:
472:antral follicle
464:
462:Antral follicle
458:
434:
391:
367:granulosa cells
355:
241:granulosa cells
237:Mitotic cells,
196:
168:
108:
92:spermatogenesis
85:menstrual cycle
46:
44:
42:
40:
38:
36:
35:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3827:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3662:
3660:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3551:
3549:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3503:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3483:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3451:Sexual arousal
3447:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3372:spermatogonium
3363:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3305:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3282:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3257:Period poverty
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3122:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3089:
3087:
3086:Related events
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3067:Oligoovulation
3064:
3062:Oligomenorrhea
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2926:Cervical mucus
2923:
2917:
2915:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2821:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2733:Vaginal artery
2730:
2728:Arcuate artery
2725:
2723:Uterine artery
2720:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2628:Pudendal nerve
2625:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2608:Veins of bulbs
2605:
2600:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2532:
2529:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2491:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2448:Perineal nerve
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2413:Pudendal cleft
2405:
2399:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2332:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2318:Skene's glands
2315:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2203:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2136:
2134:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1900:Zona pellucida
1897:
1895:Corona radiata
1892:
1891:
1890:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1840:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1740:
1739:External links
1737:
1736:
1735:
1699:(3): 337–352.
1684:
1664:(6): 1717–51.
1658:Theriogenology
1649:
1620:
1585:
1547:
1518:
1481:
1480:
1445:Sci Transl Med
1431:
1380:
1331:
1259:
1252:
1230:
1201:(2): 440–449.
1178:
1169:
1145:
1116:(1–2): 53–60.
1096:
1020:
1003:Theriogenology
989:
982:
957:
907:
905:
902:
901:
900:
897:
890:
888:
885:
878:
874:
871:
869:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
812:
810:
807:
801:
798:
759:
756:
739:
738:
733:
728:
727:
726:
720:
707:
689:
686:
626:
623:
556:
553:
541:androstendione
514:corona radiata
502:
501:Early tertiary
499:
457:
454:
433:
430:
425:zona pellucida
405:. Rudimentary
390:
387:
354:
351:
310:
309:
307:
300:
294:
293:
289:
282:
276:
275:
271:
269:
267:Early tertiary
263:
262:
259:
252:
246:
245:
242:
235:
229:
228:
225:
215:
209:
208:
205:
202:
167:
164:
128:primary oocyte
107:
104:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3826:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3714:Breastfeeding
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3542:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3506:Fertilization
3504:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3359:Gametogenesis
3356:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3298:
3296:
3291:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3182:Menstrual pad
3180:
3178:
3177:Menstrual cup
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3162:Menstrual pad
3160:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3118:Mental health
3115:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3027:Hypomenorrhea
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2931:Mittelschmerz
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2842:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2828:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:Ovarian veins
2746:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2635:Clitoral hood
2633:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2623:Dorsal nerves
2621:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2578:Deep arteries
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1989:Ootidogenesis
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:Oocytogenesis
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1849:Hemorrhagicum
1847:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1600:(2): 121–55.
1599:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1548:9781907284991
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1498:(6): 774–85.
1497:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1351:(2): 303–15.
1350:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1264:
1255:
1253:9780128151457
1249:
1245:
1239:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1183:
1173:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
996:
994:
985:
979:
975:
969:
964:
962:
953:
949:
945:
941:
936:
931:
927:
923:
919:
912:
908:
894:
889:
882:
877:
876:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
831:fertilization
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
813:
806:
797:
795:
790:
785:
778:
774:
769:
764:
755:
751:
747:
743:
737:
734:
732:
729:
724:
721:
718:
715:
714:
712:
711:gonadotropins
708:
706:
702:
699:
698:
697:
695:
685:
683:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
663:corpus luteum
658:
656:
652:
648:
642:
640:
636:
632:
622:
620:
617:. Performing
616:
612:
607:
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
590:FSH-receptors
587:
582:
578:
576:
570:
568:
564:
563:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
498:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
463:
453:
449:
447:
446:theca interna
443:
442:theca externa
439:
429:
426:
421:
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
386:
382:
380:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
346:
342:
340:
336:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
308:
305:
301:
299:
296:
295:
290:
287:
284:Fully formed
283:
281:
280:Late tertiary
278:
277:
272:
270:
268:
265:
264:
260:
257:
253:
251:
248:
247:
243:
240:
236:
234:
231:
230:
226:
223:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
206:
203:
200:
199:
195:
190:
188:
184:
183:ootidogenesis
179:
176:
174:
159:
155:
151:
149:
145:
141:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
103:
101:
97:
93:
88:
86:
82:
81:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:somatic cells
62:
58:
54:
43:4 - Ovulation
32:
26:
24:
19:
18:
3618:Paternal age
3614:Maternal age
3587:Tanner scale
3570:Virilization
3565:Feminization
3515:Implantation
3501:Insemination
3485:Ejaculation
3461:Masturbation
3377:spermatocyte
3349:Luteal phase
3334:Menstruation
3092:
3052:Metrorrhagia
3022:Dysmenorrhea
2877:Luteal phase
2862:Menstruation
2753:Uterine vein
2708:Blood supply
2455:Labia minora
2408:Labia majora
1958:Retia ovarii
1935:
1843:
1696:
1692:
1661:
1657:
1628:
1624:
1597:
1593:
1575:cite journal
1530:
1526:
1495:
1491:
1451:(172): 172.
1448:
1444:
1434:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1282:(1): e8772.
1279:
1275:
1243:
1233:
1198:
1194:
1172:
1161:. Retrieved
1158:ResearchGate
1157:
1148:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1047:(1): e8772.
1044:
1040:
1006:
1002:
999:Page 76 in:
973:
928:(1): 73–91.
925:
921:
911:
803:
786:
782:
767:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:progesterone
705:hypothalamus
691:
679:
671:progesterone
659:
643:
634:
628:
608:
603:
602:
597:
593:
583:
579:
571:
560:
558:
547:, primarily
530:
525:
521:
517:
513:
511:
506:
504:
494:
490:
486:
484:
479:
475:
465:
450:
438:basal lamina
435:
422:
417:
411:
398:
392:
383:
375:
362:
356:
339:metaphase II
332:
327:
323:
313:
298:Preovulatory
297:
279:
266:
254:Presence of
249:
232:
212:
180:
177:
169:
152:
136:
109:
89:
78:
72:
56:
50:
20:
3763:Dyspareunia
3758:Dysorgasmia
3704:Development
3012:Anovulation
2976:Suppression
2886:Life stages
2229:Parametrium
2222:Perimetrium
2212:Endometrium
2177:External os
2172:Internal os
2031:Infundibula
1631:(2): 81–7.
667:endometrium
403:transcribed
318:are called
256:theca cells
204:Description
77:into large
3804:Germ cells
3798:Categories
3783:Vaginismus
3753:Anorgasmia
3607:Adrenarche
3602:Spermarche
3582:Gonadarche
3267:Tampon tax
3007:Amenorrhea
2403:Mons pubis
2363:Epithelium
2234:Epithelium
2217:Myometrium
2111:Paroophora
1625:Hum Reprod
1594:Endocr Rev
1533:: 203–16.
1163:2019-01-23
904:References
655:fertilized
522:periantral
353:Primordial
213:Primordial
3709:Lactation
3699:Thelarche
3676:Andrology
3623:Menopause
3520:Pregnancy
3510:Fertility
3465:Erection
3421:Germ cell
3394:Oogenesis
3382:spermatid
3344:Ovulation
3212:Chhaupadi
2999:Disorders
2898:Menopause
2872:Ovulation
2714:Arteries
2656:Vestibule
2569:Arteries
2244:Ligaments
2099:Epoophora
2056:Ligaments
1968:Oogenesis
1836:Follicles
1289:1106.1382
1217:0015-0282
1054:1106.1382
1009:: 73–82.
944:1460-2369
846:ovulation
794:menopause
639:ovulation
567:apoptosis
549:estradiol
545:estrogens
537:androgens
495:preantral
489:stage as
487:secondary
432:Secondary
379:menopause
335:meiosis I
324:secondary
250:Secondary
222:granulosa
194:oogenesis
187:oogenesis
173:ovulation
100:menopause
3646:Vivipary
3616: /
3597:Menarche
3592:Pubarche
3474:Clitoral
3426:gonocyte
3399:oogonium
3329:Menarche
3217:In Islam
2907:Tracking
2893:Menarche
2563:Frenulum
2487:Clitoris
2460:Frenulum
2377:External
2351:Fornices
2036:Fimbriae
2026:Ampullae
1976:Oogonium
1859:Albicans
1809:Internal
1731:17140764
1680:15763114
1567:21755674
1514:15970010
1475:23408054
1418:15014492
1375:19006732
1367:16051153
1326:20111701
1276:PLOS ONE
1225:18249401
1132:10963874
1091:20111701
1041:PLOS ONE
968:Page 769
952:22068695
809:See also
731:estrogen
675:estrogen
518:membrana
418:in vitro
328:tertiary
239:cuboidal
106:Overview
3681:Hormone
3577:Puberty
3145:Hygiene
2940:Systems
2684:Urethra
2619:Nerves
2281:General
2157:Isthmus
2133:Regions
1953:Medulla
1876:Interna
1871:Externa
1827:Ovaries
1722:1950429
1701:Bibcode
1645:3558758
1616:8706629
1558:5316466
1466:5130338
1426:1124530
1398:Bibcode
1317:2811725
1294:Bibcode
1238:Page 34
1140:8746207
1082:2811725
1059:Bibcode
586:inhibin
562:atresia
505:In the
393:During
389:Primary
330:stage.
306:or dead
304:atretic
233:Primary
218:Dormant
132:puberty
120:ovaries
96:ovaries
53:biology
3737:Female
3691:Breast
3494:Female
3481:Orgasm
3469:Penile
3431:gamete
3404:oocyte
3252:Niddah
3172:Tampon
2781:G-spot
2744:Veins
2647:Septum
2640:Fascia
2594:Veins
2559:Corona
2328:Vagina
2288:Glands
2199:Layers
2162:Cervix
2150:Fundus
2145:Cavity
2125:Uterus
2021:Isthmi
1984:Oocyte
1946:Stroma
1936:Cortex
1866:Thecae
1854:Luteum
1844:Corpus
1818:Adnexa
1729:
1719:
1678:
1643:
1614:
1565:
1555:
1545:
1512:
1473:
1463:
1424:
1416:
1390:Nature
1373:
1365:
1324:
1314:
1250:
1223:
1215:
1138:
1130:
1089:
1079:
980:
950:
942:
651:uterus
635:stigma
491:antral
468:antrum
316:antrum
286:antrum
112:oocyte
69:oocyte
3409:ootid
3387:sperm
2914:Signs
2774:Other
2674:Hymen
2664:Fossa
2555:Glans
2539:Angle
2505:Bulbs
2500:Crura
2395:Labia
2386:Vulva
2346:Walls
2341:Rugae
2336:Canal
2189:Horns
2167:Canal
2041:Ostia
1994:Ootid
1919:Other
1422:S2CID
1371:S2CID
1284:arXiv
1136:S2CID
1049:arXiv
719:(FSH)
359:ovary
224:cells
207:Size
201:Stage
130:. At
23:human
3732:Male
3641:Ovum
3489:Male
3414:ovum
2522:Body
2495:Root
2207:Wall
2140:Body
1999:Ovum
1727:PMID
1676:PMID
1641:PMID
1612:PMID
1581:link
1563:PMID
1543:ISBN
1510:PMID
1471:PMID
1414:PMID
1363:PMID
1345:Cell
1322:PMID
1248:ISBN
1240:in:
1221:PMID
1213:ISSN
1128:PMID
1087:PMID
978:ISBN
948:PMID
940:ISSN
725:(LH)
709:two
444:and
3633:Egg
3311:of
1717:PMC
1709:doi
1666:doi
1633:doi
1602:doi
1553:PMC
1535:doi
1500:doi
1461:PMC
1453:doi
1406:doi
1394:428
1353:doi
1349:122
1312:PMC
1302:doi
1203:doi
1118:doi
1114:163
1077:PMC
1067:doi
1011:doi
930:doi
773:doi
657:).
185:of
51:In
3800::
3508:/
1725:.
1715:.
1707:.
1697:23
1695:.
1691:.
1674:.
1662:63
1660:.
1656:.
1639:.
1627:.
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1598:17
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1577:}}
1573:{{
1561:.
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1369:.
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1320:.
1310:.
1300:.
1292:.
1278:.
1274:.
1262:^
1219:.
1211:.
1199:91
1197:.
1193:.
1181:^
1156:.
1134:.
1126:.
1112:.
1108:.
1085:.
1075:.
1065:.
1057:.
1043:.
1039:.
1023:^
1007:47
1005:.
992:^
960:^
946:.
938:.
926:18
924:.
920:.
796:.
713::
677:.
600:.
533:LH
497:.
482:.
420:.
341:.
189:.
175:.
102:.
87:.
55:,
3301:e
3294:t
3287:v
2840:e
2833:t
2826:v
1793:e
1786:t
1779:v
1733:.
1711::
1703::
1682:.
1668::
1647:.
1635::
1629:1
1618:.
1604::
1583:)
1569:.
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