2147:
1740:
2161:
1589:
184:
452:
254:
1938:
1992:
1006:, such as verb and noun phrases, a high tone tends to persist until the final syllable, which, if it has a phonemic low tone, becomes falling (high–low). Low tones disappear between high tones, but their effect remains as a
1580:
Tones are fully marked in reference books, but not always marked in other writing. The tone marking is phonemic, and the actual pronunciation may be different according to the syllable's environment.
1946:
1672:
There is an effort to create a machine translator for Fon (to and from French), by
Bonaventure Dossou (from Benin) and Chris Emezue (from Nigeria). Their project is called FFR. It uses phrases from
1996:
1664:, but in the second decade of the twenty-first century, the government is experimenting with teaching some subjects in Benin schools in the country's local languages, among them Fon.
1869:
999:: high and low. High is realized as rising (low–high) after a voiced consonant. Basic disyllabic words have all four possibilities: high–high, high–low, low–high, and low–low.
1637:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
1647:
1788:"The Gbe Language Continuum of West Africa: A Synchronic Typological Approach to Prioritizing In-depth Sociolinguistic Research on Literature Extensibility"
1627:
Acɛ, susu kpo sisi ɖokpo ɔ kpo wɛ gbɛtɔ bi ɖo ɖò gbɛwiwa tɔn hwenu; ye ɖo linkpɔn bɔ ayi yetɔn mɛ kpe lo bɔ ye ɖo na do alɔ yeɖee ɖi nɔvinɔvi ɖɔhun.
2228:
1654:
1787:
937:. is in free variation with and so Fong can be argued to have no phonemic nasal consonants, a pattern rather common in West Africa.
1610:
that was invented by Togbédji Adigbè. It has 24 consonants and 9 vowels, as it is intended to transcribe all the languages of Benin.
883:
431:, Maxi and Weme (Ouémé) in the Fon dialect cluster, although other clusterings are suggested. Standard Fon is the primary target of
2184:
1993:"Langues nationales dans le système scolaire : La phase expérimentale continue, une initiative à améliorer - Matin Libre"
1619:
2221:
905:
877:
276:
789:
1834:
2615:
2579:
761:
1967:
1369:
810:
796:
573:
266:
2214:
2120:
596:
768:
1939:"Système éducatif béninois : les langues nationales seront enseignées à l'école à la rentrée prochaine"
1010:. Rising tones (low–high) simplify to high after high (without triggering downstep) and to low before high.
210:
1908:
824:
817:
580:
364:
89:
1701:
1697:
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953:
946:
942:
938:
922:
914:
2812:
1677:
603:
538:
420:
384:
419:
The standardized Fon language is part of the Fon cluster of languages inside the
Eastern Gbe languages.
896:
747:
737:
631:
2237:
840:
831:
99:
83:
2191:
Manuel dahoméen : grammaire, chrestomathie, dictionnaire français-dahoméen et dahoméen-français
1739:
2245:
716:
545:
1798:
1696:
This is a matter of perspective; it could also be argued that and are denasalized allophones of
1762:
775:
754:
703:
2807:
2647:
2369:
1673:
847:
680:
1082:
710:
697:
1056:
but phonetically rising because of the voiced consonant, is generally mid-tone in Ouidah.
890:
782:
8:
2817:
2672:
2518:
2189:
2692:
2569:
2404:
2075:
1661:
1573:
1542:
996:
918:
380:
1968:"Reportage Afrique - Bénin : l'apprentissage à l'école dans la langue maternelle"
243:
2712:
2422:
2196:
2126:
2116:
2110:
1872:
Gbékoun sur tout le territoire national Bilan de la première phase de sensibilisation
1830:
1003:
670:
665:
432:
2326:
1607:
1597:
272:
164:
2682:
2652:
2639:
2513:
2478:
2457:
2374:
2346:
2200:
2166:
2085:
2067:
660:
2316:
2090:
1069:
The Fon alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet, with the addition of the letters
2620:
2559:
2533:
2523:
2498:
2452:
2437:
2427:
2354:
2175:
A Facebook application to use and learn the Fon language, developed by Jolome.com
2017:
1893:"Alphabet " Gbékoun ": Un outil d'éveil de la conscience des peuples africains".
675:
567:
456:
408:
400:
75:
929:'shop'. Several of the voiced occlusives occur only before oral vowels, and the
379:
by approximately 2.28 million speakers. Like the other Gbe languages, Fon is an
2786:
2776:
2771:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
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2554:
2538:
2528:
2508:
2488:
2417:
2336:
2321:
2301:
2286:
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2253:
1909:"BTV - La Béninoise TV - La Béninoise des Télés | La proximité par les langues"
1878:
590:
153:
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2152:
1074:
861:
854:
360:
104:
2130:
1676:
sermons as well as other biblical phrases as the research corpus to train a
403:
is the official language, and Fon and other indigenous languages, including
2781:
2483:
2412:
2384:
2311:
2306:
2291:
1555:
1549:
1409:
933:
nasal stops occur only before nasal vowels, which indicates that and are
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227:
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638:
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2072:
Proceedings of the Fourth
Widening Natural Language Processing Workshop
1732:
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690:
625:
524:
510:
490:
356:
307:
56:
2180:
The first blog totally in Fongbe. An access to a Fongbe forum is given
1588:
941:
is nasalized (to ) before nasal vowels, and may assimilate to before
2174:
1070:
934:
804:
730:
236:
220:
202:
2160:
2080:
1824:
1395:
1320:
1046:, a rising or falling tone is realized as a mid tone. For example,
1007:
476:
347:
284:
2074:. Seattle, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics: 83–87.
2066:
Emezue, Chris
Chinenye; Dossou, Femi Pancrace Bonaventure (2020).
460:
372:
325:
280:
41:
2042:
1916:
253:
2112:
Dictionnaire fon-français : avec une esquisse grammaticale
1078:
1043:
424:
2179:
1603:
1561:
1362:
464:
396:
368:
189:
37:
1514:
451:
376:
45:
1451:
1437:
1376:
1348:
1334:
283:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
436:
435:
efforts in Benin, although separate efforts exists for
2108:
2018:"AI in Africa: Teaching a bot to read my mum's texts"
1528:
1521:
1507:
1500:
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1479:
1472:
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1355:
1341:
1327:
1313:
1306:
2142:
2109:
Höftmann, Hildegard; Ahohounkpanzon, Michel (2003).
2185:Journal of West African Languages: Articles on Fon
2068:"FFR v1.1: Fon-French Neural Machine Translation"
2799:
960:as the second consonant. After (post)alveolars,
1825:Claire Lefebvre; Anne-Marie Brousseau (2002).
1667:
2222:
1820:
1818:
2065:
1653:Television programs in Fon are shown on the
390:
2229:
2215:
1815:
455:"Welcome" (Kwabɔ) in Fon at a pharmacy at
252:
2236:
2089:
2079:
1795:Language Documentation & Conservation
1625:
1047:
979:
973:
966:
337:
1867:
1587:
952:The only consonant clusters in Fon have
450:
411:, are classified as national languages.
1897:(in French). June 21, 2021. p. 13.
1660:French used to be the only language of
1646:Radio programs in Fon are broadcast on
1570:marks the rising and falling tone: côfù
1038:"The fishmonger, she bought two crabs."
921:and loanwords but is often replaced by
277:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
2800:
1035:fish-sell-agent s/he PERF buy crab two
443:, and other languages of the country.
2210:
1829:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 15–29.
1785:
1752:Höftmann & Ahohounkpanzon, p. 179
1723:
1721:
1620:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1564:marks falling and rising tone: bǔ, bǐ
346:
1858:Höftmann & Ahohounkpanzon, p. 20
1849:Höftmann & Ahohounkpanzon, p. 19
1558:marks the falling tone: ɖò, akpàkpà
13:
1718:
1606:also use a distinct script called
1052:'we, you', phonemically high-tone
367:family. It is primarily spoken in
14:
2829:
2138:
1583:
1064:
904:
895:
889:
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2159:
2145:
1936:
1738:
1059:
1030:/xʷèví-sà-tɔ́ é kò xɔ̀ àsɔ̃́ wè/
182:
2102:
2059:
2035:
2010:
1985:
1960:
1930:
1901:
1886:
1537:
479:and five nasal vowel phonemes.
2115:. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
1870:"Vulgarisation de l'alphabet:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1779:
1755:
1746:
1690:
1613:
1:
1711:
1552:marks the rising tone: xó, dó
949:is sometimes also nasalized.
647:
258:Gbe languages. Fon is purple.
1027:Hwevísatɔ́, é ko hɔ asón we.
964:is optionally realized as :
446:
68:2.3 million (2019–2021)
7:
2091:10.18653/v1/2020.winlp-1.21
1995:(in French). Archived from
1945:(in French). Archived from
1915:(in French). Archived from
1767:Translators without Borders
1678:Natural Language Processing
1668:Machine translation efforts
1576:marks the neutral tone: kān
421:Hounkpati B Christophe Capo
414:
10:
2834:
1595:
653:Consonant phonemes of Fon
2764:
2711:
2638:
2598:
2547:
2471:
2445:
2436:
2403:
2345:
2267:
2244:
1797:: 182–215. Archived from
1763:"Language data for Benin"
903:
901:
888:
875:
873:
836:
725:
723:
721:
708:
695:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
636:
629:
585:
494:
489:
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475:Fon has seven oral vowel
470:
391:Cultural and legal status
321:
313:
303:
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251:
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218:
200:
195:
177:Official language in
175:
170:
150:
126:
72:
62:
52:
33:
26:
21:
1868:Teddy G. (May 5, 2021).
1683:
1680:(NLP) neural net model.
1085:gb, hw, kp, ny, and xw.
363:group within the larger
1974:(in French). 2013-12-26
1626:
1592:Table of Gbékoun script
1545:are marked as follows:
1048:
1014:
990:
980:
974:
967:
355:is the language of the
338:
1786:Kluge, Angela (2007).
1657:satellite TV channel.
1641:
1593:
483:Vowel phonemes of Fon
467:
265:This article contains
2238:Volta–Niger languages
1913:www.labeninoisetv.net
1591:
995:Fon has two phonemic
925:in the latter, as in
454:
359:. It belongs to the
1943:La Nouvelle Tribune
1827:A Grammar of Fongbe
1704:before oral vowels.
1674:Jehovah's Witnesses
1090:
654:
484:
247: Fon language
2813:Languages of Benin
1662:education in Benin
1594:
1088:
1004:phonological words
919:linguistic mimesis
652:
482:
468:
387:basic word order.
381:isolating language
348:[fɔ̃̀ɡ͡bē]
2795:
2794:
2634:
2633:
2197:Maurice Delafosse
2043:"Project website"
1736:(26th ed., 2023)
1568:Circumflex accent
1535:
1534:
912:
911:
645:
644:
527:
520:
513:
506:
433:language planning
331:
330:
291:
290:
273:rendering support
269:phonetic symbols.
2825:
2443:
2442:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2208:
2207:
2201:Internet Archive
2169:
2167:Languages portal
2164:
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2134:
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2047:ffrtranslate.com
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351:) also known as
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917:occurs only in
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457:Cotonou Airport
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393:
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271:Without proper
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171:Official status
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76:Language family
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64:Native speakers
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2139:External links
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1598:Gbékoun script
1596:Main article:
1585:
1584:Gbékoun script
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365:Atlantic–Congo
329:
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275:, you may see
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90:Atlantic–Congo
82:
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15:
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2153:Africa portal
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1060:Orthographies
1057:
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1019:
1018:/xʷèví-sà-tɔ́
1016:
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2599:Southwestern
2548:Northwestern
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2103:Bibliography
2071:
2061:
2050:. Retrieved
2046:
2037:
2026:. Retrieved
2024:. 2020-04-29
2021:
2012:
2001:. Retrieved
1997:the original
1987:
1976:. Retrieved
1971:
1962:
1951:. Retrieved
1947:the original
1942:
1932:
1921:. Retrieved
1917:the original
1912:
1903:
1894:
1888:
1882:(in French).
1877:
1871:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1826:
1806:. Retrieved
1799:the original
1794:
1781:
1770:. Retrieved
1766:
1757:
1748:
1731:
1692:
1671:
1659:
1655:La Beninoise
1652:
1645:
1632:
1617:
1602:Speakers in
1601:
1579:
1556:Grave accent
1550:Acute accent
1541:
1538:Tone marking
1302:Sound (IPA)
1068:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1001:
994:
978:'to catch',
965:
951:
926:
913:
474:
418:
394:
352:
333:
332:
264:
235:
109:
27:
16:Gbe language
2203:(in French)
1879:Matin libre
1633:Translation
1614:Sample text
1015:Hwevísatɔ́,
987:'to want'.
972:'to wash',
870:Approximant
279:instead of
100:Volta–Niger
95:Volta-Congo
84:Niger–Congo
2818:Fon people
2802:Categories
2673:Gupa-Abawa
2519:Ivbiosakon
2246:Ayere-Ahan
2122:3896454633
2081:2003.12111
2052:2022-10-12
2028:2022-10-12
2003:2018-07-03
1978:2018-07-03
1953:2018-07-03
1923:2018-07-03
1808:2018-07-05
1772:2022-10-12
1733:Ethnologue
1712:References
1650:channels.
1198:Minuscule
1094:Majuscule
1081:, and the
1002:In longer
935:allophones
931:homorganic
648:Consonants
357:Fon people
344:pronounced
57:Fon people
2693:Koro Zuba
2653:Bassa Nge
2570:Okpamheri
1895:La Nation
1618:From the
805:Fricative
731:Occlusive
568:Close-Mid
447:Phonology
427:, Kpase,
237:Glottolog
221:ISO 639-3
203:ISO 639-2
53:Ethnicity
2423:Itsekiri
2405:Yoruboid
2131:53005906
2022:BBC News
1083:digraphs
1008:downstep
591:Open-mid
477:phonemes
415:Dialects
353:Dahomean
314:Language
285:Help:IPA
244:fonn1241
127:Dialects
2713:Idomoid
2683:Kakanda
2616:SW Okpe
2580:NW Okpe
2514:Ikpeshi
2479:Afenmai
2458:Engenni
2375:Ikwerre
2199:at the
1608:Gbékoun
671:Palatal
666:Coronal
461:Cotonou
423:groups
383:with a
373:Nigeria
339:fɔ̀ngbè
326:Dahomey
322:Country
317:fɔ̀ngbè
281:Unicode
165:Gbékoun
42:Nigeria
28:fɔ̀ngbè
2765:Others
2640:Nupoid
2621:Urhobo
2560:Ehueun
2534:Sasaru
2524:Okpela
2499:Ghotuo
2453:Degema
2428:Yoruba
2355:Ekpeye
2347:Igboid
2193:, 1894
2129:
2119:
1833:
1574:Macron
1077:, and
1044:Ouidah
683:-velar
681:Labial
661:Labial
471:Vowels
425:Agbome
409:Yoruba
401:French
308:Fon-nu
304:People
296:Person
187:
141:Gbekon
135:Arohun
132:Agbome
2787:Ukaan
2777:Akoko
2772:Akpes
2741:Igede
2736:Idoma
2731:Etulo
2726:Alago
2721:Agatu
2678:Gwari
2663:Ebira
2626:Uvbie
2611:Isoko
2606:Eruwa
2585:Uhami
2575:Oloma
2565:Iyayu
2555:Akuku
2539:Uneme
2529:Ososo
2509:Ikhin
2489:Enwan
2446:Delta
2438:Edoid
2418:Igala
2337:Saxwe
2327:Pherá
2322:Tofin
2302:Gbesi
2287:Ayizo
2282:Alada
2254:Ayere
2076:arXiv
1802:(PDF)
1791:(PDF)
1684:Notes
1604:Benin
1562:Caron
1543:Tones
1054:/bĩ́/
997:tones
927:cɔ́fù
691:Nasal
676:Velar
533:Close
518:front
504:front
496:Nasal
465:Benin
397:Benin
369:Benin
190:Benin
161:Latin
144:Kpase
38:Benin
2756:Yala
2751:Akpa
2746:Yace
2703:Nupe
2698:Kupa
2688:Kami
2668:Gade
2658:Dibo
2590:Ukue
2504:Igwe
2494:Esan
2463:Epie
2395:Ogba
2390:Mgbo
2385:Izii
2380:Ikwo
2365:Igbo
2360:Ezaa
2332:Phla
2317:Tɔli
2259:Ahan
2127:OCLC
2117:ISBN
1831:ISBN
1700:and
1648:ORTB
991:Tone
968:klɔ́
626:Open
525:back
511:back
491:Oral
407:and
377:Togo
375:and
46:Togo
2782:Oko
2648:Asu
2484:Edo
2413:Ede
2370:Ika
2312:Gun
2307:Gen
2297:Fon
2292:Ewe
2277:Aja
2269:Gbe
2195:by
2086:doi
1972:RFI
1730:at
1728:Fon
1702:/n/
1698:/m/
1642:Use
1396:d͡ʑ
1321:t͡ɕ
1079:Ɔ/ɔ
1075:Ɛ/ɛ
1071:Ɖ/ɖ
1042:In
1023:two
981:jlò
975:wlí
962:/l/
958:/j/
956:or
954:/l/
947:/l/
943:/i/
939:/w/
923:/f/
915:/p/
459:in
441:Gen
437:Gun
429:Gun
405:Yom
395:In
385:SVO
361:Gbe
334:Fon
299:Fon
267:IPA
228:fon
211:fon
138:Gun
110:Fon
105:Gbe
22:Fon
2804::
2125:.
2084:.
2070:.
2045:.
2020:.
1970:.
1941:.
1911:.
1876:.
1817:^
1793:.
1765:.
1720:^
1515:xʷ
1410:kp
1383:ɣʷ
1370:ɡb
1297:z
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1258:ny
1246:kp
1234:hw
1228:gb
1193:Z
1187:XW
1154:NY
1142:KP
1130:HW
1124:GB
1073:,
1049:mǐ
945:.
894:~
881:~
862:ɣʷ
855:xʷ
797:ɡb
790:kp
769:dʒ
762:tʃ
714:~
701:~
693:"
618:ɔ̃
611:ɛ̃
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1160:Ɔ
1157:O
1151:N
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1133:I
1127:H
1121:G
1118:F
1115:Ɛ
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1109:Ɖ
1106:D
1103:C
1100:B
1097:A
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560:ũ
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546:u
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48:.
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