83:, and which would be necessary to support large agriculturally unproductive households remaining static in a single location. Kings and their entourages therefore constantly toured the subdivisions of their kingdoms, staying at networks of royal properties where they could expect to be supported by the territory's inhabitants. In the words of historian
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Customary food renders in
England declined through the twelfth and thirteenth centuries as currency became more readily available. Eel-rents, however, were collected in large numbers at least through the fourteenth century, and in smaller numbers throughout the later Middle Ages. The last active eel
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and were consumed within the donor's territory. If the King or members of his household did not visit, the donor was freed from his obligations for the year. Kings did not routinely travel through subjugated kingdoms, however, and tribute extracted from such areas often took the form of livestock
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of Welsh ale, 30 ambers of clear ale, 2 full-grown cows or 10 wethers, 10 geese, 20 hens, 10 cheeses, a full amber of butter, 5 salmon, 20 pounds in weight of fodder, and 100 eels." Grazing would also have been made available for visitors' mounts.
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that Kings extracted from other subjugated kingdoms. Food renders consisted of the varied range of foodstuffs that constituted a
375:
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322:
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280:
404:
271:
Charles-Edwards, Thomas (1989), "Early medieval kingships in the
British Isles", in Bassett, Steven (ed.),
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61:
87:: "it made much more sense to take a royal household to the food than the food to the royal household".
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lacked the sophisticated trade in essential foodstuffs that had supported the urban economies of
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54:, consisting of essential foodstuffs provided by territories such as
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to kings and other members of royal households at a territory's
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that could easily be transported to the dominant kingdom.
275:, Leicester: Leicester University Press, pp. 28–39,
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314:
The Wiley
Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England
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370:, Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, pp. 259–274,
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Kingship, Legislation and Power in Anglo-Saxon
England
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rents appear in records from the seventeenth century.
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358:"Ine 70.1 and Royal Provision in Anglo-Saxon Wessex"
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317:, London: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 186–187,
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106:list the food render expected of an estate of ten
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339:"English Eel Rents: 10th - 17th Centuries"
400:History of taxation in the United Kingdom
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134:
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110:as "10 vats of honey, 300 loaves, 12
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90:Food renders were distinct from the
273:The Origins of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms
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25:
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291:Everyday Life in Medieval England
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364:; Schneider, Brian W. (eds.),
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1:
337:Greenlee, John Wyatt (n.d.),
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102:The late 7th century laws of
7:
10:
421:
289:Dyer, Christopher (2001),
293:, London: A&C Black,
307:Faith, Rosamund (2013),
356:Lavelle, Ryan (2013),
85:Thomas Charles-Edwards
362:Owen-Crocker, Gale R.
208:Charles-Edwards 1989
196:Charles-Edwards 1989
184:Charles-Edwards 1989
169:Charles-Edwards 1989
405:Anglo-Saxon society
234:, pp. 186–187.
137:, pp. 261–262.
75:The early medieval
52:Anglo-Saxon England
343:Historia Cartarum
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46:(Old English:
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265:Bibliography
256:Greenlee n.d
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220:Lavelle 2013
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50:) levied in
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44:tax in kind
36:Old English
28:Food render
394:Categories
383:2014-06-22
330:2014-06-22
300:0826419828
282:0718513177
232:Faith 2013
152:Faith 2013
123:References
70:royal vill
244:Dyer 2001
32:food rent
18:Food rent
66:hundreds
57:regiones
348:17 June
309:"Feorm"
92:tribute
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112:ambers
40:foster
360:, in
108:hides
48:feorm
372:ISBN
350:2019
319:ISBN
295:ISBN
277:ISBN
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