303:), consists of the rectangle formed by the goal-line, two lines starting on the goal-line 6 yards (5.49 metres) from the goalposts and extending 6 yards (5.49 metres) into the pitch from the goal-line, and the line joining these, i.e. they are a rectangle 6 yards (5.49 metres) by 20 yards (18.29 metres). Goal kicks and any free kick by the defending team may be taken from anywhere in this area. FIFA's laws of the game stipulates that: "All free kicks are taken from the place where the offence occurred, except: indirect free kicks to the attacking team for an offence inside the opponents' goal area are taken from the nearest point on the goal area line which runs parallel to the goal line, and free kicks to the defending team in their goal area may be taken from anywhere in that area."
433:, due to the amount of snow during the winter months. The strain put on grass pitches by the cold climate and subsequent snow clearing has necessitated the installation of artificial turf in the stadia of many top-tier clubs in Norway, Sweden and Finland. The latest artificial surfaces use rubber crumbs, as opposed to the previous system of sand infill. Some leagues and football associations have specifically prohibited artificial surfaces due to injury concerns and require teams' home stadia to have grass pitches. All artificial turf has to be green and also meet the requirements specified in the FIFA Quality Concept for Football Turf.
1348:
37:
414:
207:). A goal may, however, be ruled illegal (and void by the referee) if the player who scored or a member of their team commits an offence under any of the laws between the time the ball was previously out of play and the goal being scored. It is also deemed void if a player on the opposing team commits an offence before the ball has passed the line, as in the case of fouls being committed, a penalty awarded but the ball continued on a path that caused it to cross the goal line.
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318:) is similarly formed by the goal-line and lines extending from it, but its lines start 18 yards (16.46 metres) from the goalposts and extend 18 yards (16.46 metres) into the field. i.e. this is a rectangle 44 yards (40.23 metres) by 18 yards (16.46 metres). This area has a number of functions, the most prominent being to denote where the
196:. This has up to a 99% shape recovery rate with very heavy impacts (such as that of a high speed player hitting the post), and deform significantly enough so as to reduce the impact on the player. This significantly improves player safety, while sacrificing very little in terms of function of the goal post.
96:
units, with imperial equivalents given only in brackets. Because the actual values have, in general, not changed since the early twentieth century, they tend to be round numbers in imperial units (for example the width of the goal, unchanged since 1863, is 8 yards (7.32 metres)). Use of the imperial
428:
may sometimes be used especially in locations where maintenance of grass may be difficult due to inclement weather. This may include areas where it is very wet, causing the grass to deteriorate rapidly; where it is very dry, causing the grass to die; and where the turf is under heavy use. Artificial
168:
are placed at the centre of each goal-line. These consist of two upright posts placed equidistant from the corner flagposts, joined at the top by a horizontal crossbar. The inner edges of the posts are regulated to be 8 yards (7.32 metres) (wide) apart, and the lower edge of the crossbar is elevated
83:
results in a penalty. Therefore, a ball has to completely cross the touchline to be out of play, and a ball has to fully cross the goal line (between the goal posts) in order for a goal to be scored; if any part of the ball is still on or above the line, a goal is not scored and the ball is still in
183:
Recent developments in material science, however, have shown that there are a variety of materials that can be used to coat goalposts to reduce impact on players, hence improving safety. The majority of these materials come from various mixtures of polymers with desirable properties. An example of
179:
have to be white and made of wood, metal or other approved material. Rules regarding the shape of goalposts and crossbars are somewhat more lenient, but they have to conform to a shape that does not pose a threat to players. Despite this, injuries due to goalpost collisions are still quite common,
121:
The pitch is rectangular in shape. The shorter sides are called goal lines and the longer sides are called the touchlines. The two goal lines are between 50 and 100 yards (46 and 91 metres) wide and have to be of the same length. The two touchlines are between 100 and 130 yards (91 and 119 metres)
398:
denote the area (within 1 yard (0.91 metres) of the corner) in which the ball has to be placed for corner kicks; opposition players have to be 10 yards (9.14 metres) away during a corner, and there may be optional lines off-pitch 10 yards (9.14 metres) away from the corner arc on the goal- and
125:
For international matches the field dimensions are more tightly constrained; the goal lines are between 70 and 80 yards (64 and 75 metres) wide and the touchlines are between 110 and 120 yards (100 and 110 metres) long. The majority of top-level professional football pitches, including those
352:) is marked from the outside edge of the penalty area, 10 yards (9.14 metres) from the penalty mark; this, along with the penalty area, marks an exclusion zone for all players other than the penalty kicker and defending goalkeeper during a penalty kick.
230:. Carew described how goals were made: "they pitch two bushes in the ground, some eight or ten foote asunder; and directly against them, ten or twelue score off, other twayne in like distance, which they terme their Goales". The first reference to
87:
The field descriptions that apply to adult matches are described below. Because of the role of the
British football associations in the history of the game, the dimensions of the field of play were originally formulated and expressed in
169:
to 8 feet (2.44 metres) above the pitch. As a result, the area that players shoot at is 192 square feet (17.84 square metres). Nets are usually placed behind the goal, though are not required by the Laws.
387:
divides the pitch in two. The half which a team defends is commonly referred to as being their half. Players have to be located within their own half at a kick-off and may not be penalised as being
133:
is often taken to mean only that part of the line between the goalposts, in fact it refers to the complete line at either end of the pitch, from one corner flag to the other. In contrast the term
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391:
in their own half. The intersections between the half-way line and the touchline can be indicated with flags like those marking the corners – the laws consider this as an optional feature.
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when the ball fully crosses the goal line between the goal-posts and beneath the crossbar, even if a defending player last touched the ball before it crossed the goal line (see
485:
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long and have to be of the same length. All lines on the ground are equally wide, not to exceed 12 centimetres (5 inches). The corners of the pitch are marked by corner flags.
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Standard pitch measurements, with permitted ranges for length and width. The preferred size for many professional teams' stadiums is 115 by 74 yards (105 by 68 metres).
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141:) is often used to refer to that portion of the goal line outside the goalposts. This term is commonly used in football commentaries and match descriptions.
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belonging to teams in the
English Premier League, measure 112 to 115 yards (102.4 to 105.2 metres) long and 70 to 75 yards (64.0 to 68.6 metres) wide.
1049:"Constraints on visual exploration of youth football players during 11v11 match-play: The influence of playing role, pitch position and phase of play"
790:
1004:
Pantelić, Saša; Rađa, Ante; Erceg, Marko; Milanović, Zoran; Trajković, Nebojša; Stojanović, Emilija; Krustrup, Peter; Randers, Morten B. (2019).
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This article is about the playing field for the game of association football ("soccer"). For playing fields for other football codes, see
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refers to "when the Ball to throw, And drive it to the Gole, in squadrons forth they goe". Solid crossbars were first introduced by the
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Football can also be played on a dirt or gravel field. In most parts of the world dirt is used only for casual recreational play.
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68:, although amateur and recreational teams often play on dirt fields. Artificial surfaces are allowed only to be green in colour.
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341:) is 12 yards (10.97 metres) in front of the very centre of the goal: this is the point from where penalty kicks are taken.
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Football goals were first described in
England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. In 1584 and 1602 respectively,
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may handle the ball and where a foul by a defender, usually punished by a direct free kick, becomes punishable by a
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is the curved line adjoining the "top" of the penalty area (here, the red-shirted referee is standing near the arc).
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1006:"Relative pitch area plays an important role in movement pattern and intensity in recreational male football"
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all players other than the two goalkeepers and the current kicker are required to remain within this circle.
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The football goal size for a junior match goal is approximately half the size of an adult sized match goal.
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368:. Similar to the penalty arc, this indicates the minimum distance that opposing players have to keep at
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in 1891, and they were a necessary help for discussions about whether or not a goal had been scored.
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McGuckian, Thomas B.; Cole, Michael H.; Chalkley, Daniel; Jordet, Geir; Pepping, Gert-Jan (2020).
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443:(similar to ice hockey) by being filled with water which is allowed to freeze.
284:(here, the yellow-shirted goalkeeper is the only player in the goal area). The
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is still on the field of play, and a foul committed over the line bounding the
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is the large marked rectangular area. The smaller rectangle within it is the
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form part of the area which they define. For example, a ball on or above the
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326:. Both the goal and penalty areas were formed as semicircles until 1902.
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Two rectangular boxes are marked out on the pitch in front of each goal.
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853:. The International Football Association Board. 1 July 2021. p. 113
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242:(performed circa 1600; published 1659). Similarly in a poem in 1613,
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George
Cumming, Manager Project Future Referees (9 December 2009).
204:
172:
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Udeze gets to the left byline and his looping cross is cleared...
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180:
and not much research goes into this aspect of player safety.
60:, "The Field of Play". The pitch is typically made of natural
440:
52:
in the United States) is the playing surface for the game of
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1003:
56:. Its dimensions and markings are defined by Law 1 of the
61:
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213:
851:"Laws of the Game 2021/22: Law 13: Free Kicks (PDF)"
791:"Blue plaque for man who invented football goal net"
92:. Since 1999, the Laws of the Game have preferred
429:turf pitches are also increasingly common in the
184:this would be a mixture made of 63% by weight of
1398:
424:Grass is the normal surface of play, although
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364:is marked at 10 yards (9.14 metres) from the
536:"Law 9 - The Ball in and out of Play | IFAB"
1059:(6). Taylor & Francis Online: 658–668.
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399:touch-lines to help gauge these distances.
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829:. Dorling Kindersley Ltd. p. 13.
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486:"Evolution of football field markings"
113:The goal line at the Stretford End of
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16:Area for playing association football
766:. Project Gutenberg. Archived from
709:"Laws of the Game : 2013/2014"
500:
372:; the ball itself is placed on the
192:, crosslinked with 5% by weight of
13:
1214:Determining the Outcome of a Match
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878:. FIFA. p. 42. Archived from
511:"Law 1 - The Field of Play | IFAB"
455:(for each sport called "football")
214:History of football goals and nets
14:
1433:
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910:. FIFA. p. 6. Archived from
801:from the original on 6 April 2010
764:"EBook of The Survey of Cornwall"
682:. FIFA. p. 9. Archived from
610:. FIFA. p. 8. Archived from
575:. FIFA. p. 7. Archived from
355:
250:. Football nets were invented by
240:The Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green
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40:Association football pitch (1898)
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151:Scoring in association football
21:Football field (disambiguation)
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194:ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
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1339:Football Association of Wales
1324:Scottish Football Association
1202:The Start and Restart of Play
1065:10.1080/02640414.2020.1723375
469:
1412:Sports rules and regulations
1407:Laws of association football
1022:10.5114/biolsport.2019.81113
905:"Laws of the Game 2011/2012"
873:"Laws of the Game 2011/2012"
789:Herbert, Ian (7 July 2000).
677:"Laws of the Game 2011/2012"
649:"Result: Nigeria 0-3 Brazil"
605:"Laws of the Game 2011/2012"
570:"Laws of the Game 2011/2012"
490:Asian Football Confederation
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1208:The Ball In and Out of Play
1101:Association football fields
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1354:Irish Football Association
1053:Journal of Sports Sciences
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1196:The Duration of the Match
1190:The Other Match Officials
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636:football pitch size guide
420:turf located in Indonesia
71:All line markings on the
1309:The Football Association
1277:Football and rugby union
144:
418:Sido Makmur SP II Field
402:
226:referred to "goals" in
1178:The Players' Equipment
969:"FIFA Quality Concept"
942:. FIFA. Archived from
714:. FIFA. Archived from
421:
289:
262:Penalty and goal areas
160:
118:
41:
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1417:Sports venues by type
1172:The Number of Players
825:Hornby, Hugh (2000).
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266:Further information:
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112:
39:
31:
1422:Grass field surfaces
1231:Fouls and Misconduct
1142:association football
1103:at Wikimedia Commons
770:on 29 September 2007
741:"Football Goal Size"
117:in Manchester (1992)
54:association football
1282:Football and futsal
981:on 23 November 2009
949:on 23 November 2009
496:on 23 October 2013.
190:polyethylene glycol
188:, 32% by weight of
186:methyl methacrylate
422:
335:"the penalty spot"
299:(colloquially the
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129:Although the term
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34:
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1160:The Field of Play
1099:Media related to
743:. Quickplay Sport
378:penalty shootouts
312:"the 18-yard box"
48:(also known as a
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58:Laws of the Game
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1249:The Throw-In
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976:the original
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324:penalty kick
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308:penalty area
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278:penalty area
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268:Penalty area
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115:Old Trafford
86:
81:penalty area
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50:soccer field
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1270:Comparisons
1184:The Referee
985:14 February
953:11 February
545:12 February
409:Sports turf
374:centre mark
366:centre mark
346:penalty arc
286:penalty arc
256:John Brodie
220:John Norden
1401:Categories
1140:(rules of
836:8778267633
797:. London.
655:9 February
520:3 February
470:References
407:See also:
339:"the spot"
320:goalkeeper
149:See also:
1081:211014769
921:12 August
774:3 October
693:12 August
621:12 August
586:12 August
376:. During
316:"the box"
297:goal area
282:goal area
254:engineer
252:Liverpool
177:crossbars
173:Goalposts
131:goal line
77:touchline
1259:Law 17:
1253:Law 16:
1247:Law 15:
1241:Law 14:
1235:Law 13:
1229:Law 12:
1223:Law 11:
1212:Law 10:
1166:The Ball
1073:32009533
1040:31223188
889:20 March
827:Football
805:25 April
799:Archived
447:See also
370:kick-off
337:or just
314:or just
238:'s play
236:John Day
205:own goal
1374:Related
1225:Offside
1218:scoring
1206:Law 9:
1200:Law 8:
1194:Law 7:
1188:Law 6:
1182:Law 5:
1176:Law 4:
1170:Law 3:
1164:Law 2:
1158:Law 1:
1031:6561223
857:21 June
747:5 March
396:corners
389:offside
350:"the D"
139:by-line
1351:
1336:
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1079:
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234:is in
135:byline
94:metric
84:play.
1151:Terms
1077:S2CID
979:(PDF)
972:(PDF)
947:(PDF)
940:(PDF)
915:(PDF)
908:(PDF)
883:(PDF)
876:(PDF)
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687:(PDF)
680:(PDF)
615:(PDF)
608:(PDF)
580:(PDF)
573:(PDF)
441:bandy
165:Goals
145:Goals
73:pitch
1365:FIFA
1292:IFAB
1069:PMID
1036:PMID
987:2012
955:2012
923:2011
891:2019
859:2023
831:ISBN
807:2010
776:2007
749:2018
727:2018
695:2011
657:2024
623:2011
588:2011
547:2024
522:2023
403:Turf
383:The
360:The
344:The
329:The
306:The
295:The
276:The
222:and
175:and
137:(or
62:turf
1061:doi
1026:PMC
1018:doi
64:or
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