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In 1981 some 33,000 km², or between 70 and 74 percent of the land, were forested, but in 1991 foreign estimates indicated a shrinking forest of only 60 to 64 percent of the land. Even more conservative estimates indicated that closer to 50 percent of Bhutan's territory still was forested in the
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The small population and the general absence of overdevelopment in Bhutan contributed to forest preservation. Because of the terrain, the more accessible forests had been overcut whereas remote forests remained largely in their natural state. A progressive government-sponsored forestry conservation
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In the face of increasing denuded hillsides, private logging was banned, and strict standards for public-sector logging operations were established in 1979. Farmers were warned against burning off forests to clear land for tsheri cultivation, and Forest Guards were trained in increasing numbers to
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began supporting Bhutan's forest management through organizing forest ranger training programs, supplying funds for forest boundary demarcation, building guard posts, and constructing a patrol road for what was later to be designated the Royal Manas
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aid to build a major dam on the Manas Chhu in 1986 that would have flooded this major conservation area on the southern Bhutan-India border. By 1989 Bhutan had developed nine other forest and wildlife preserves, also mostly along the southern border with India.
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help preserve the valuable resources. Surveying, demarcation, conservation, and management plans for harvesting forest products were part of the Fifth
Development Plan's focus on forestry preservation. Wildlife sanctuaries also were developed.
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statistics, in the decade between 1978 and 1987 Bhutan harvested an average of nearly 3.2 million cubic meters of roundwood and produced 5,000 cubic meters of sawn wood per year. Of this total, nearly 80 percent was for commercial use
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was established in 1952 as the
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for environmental conservation. Initially in the amount of US$ 20 million, the UNDP-administered fund was aimed at producing up to US$ 1 million per year for training in
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One of the immediate results of forestry sector regulation was a sharp decrease in revenues since the late 1970s. In 1991 the government, with assistance from
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terrain, gives it more rainfall than its neighbors to the west, a factor greatly facilitating forest growth. The forests contain numerous
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Valley in 1977. The school provided basic instruction in forestry and forest management and trained foresters and Forest Guards.
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also contributed to the degradation of the forestry resource.
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was produced through the nation's important forest industry.
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Pinus wallichiana forest, Paro, Punakha, Taktshang, Bhutan.
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species, ranging from tropical hardwoods to predominantly
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and economy and also affected downstream floodplains in
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318:(Andrea Matles Savada, editor).
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312:Worden, Robert L. "Forestry".
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1322:Close to nature forestry
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213:hydroelectric power
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325:(September 1991).
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2125:Tree planter
2105:Resin tapper
2085:Truck driver
2080:River driver
1829:Tree hugging
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1764:timber mafia
1754:High grading
1739:Ghost forest
1709:Clearcutting
1632:Silviculture
1608:Horticulture
1452:Fire ecology
1367:Urban forest
1342:Mycoforestry
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1298:Agroforestry
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1246:Forest areas
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1178:by continent
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936:
824:Timber mafia
787:Forest areas
674:Dependencies
604:Turkmenistan
569:Saudi Arabia
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103:Conservation
71:and natural
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2149:WikiProject
2073:smokejumper
2053:Firefighter
2016:Occupations
2000:Woodworking
1581:Forestation
1512:restoration
1467:informatics
1332:Ecoforestry
1138:South Korea
1087:New Zealand
733:Asia portal
634:States with
554:Philippines
494:South Korea
489:North Korea
384:Afghanistan
217:electricity
142:overgrazing
114:environment
2269:Categories
2095:Lumberjack
2090:Log scaler
1973:engineered
1924:non-timber
1897:sawmilling
1849:Industries
1816:svedjebruk
1527:transition
1507:protection
1497:old-growth
1482:governance
1437:Dendrology
1387:management
1253:Ministries
932:Bangladesh
799:Ministries
777:by country
614:Uzbekistan
589:Tajikistan
504:Kyrgyzstan
484:Kazakhstan
404:Bangladesh
394:Azerbaijan
281:References
250:trust fund
229:World Bank
177:paper pulp
122:Bangladesh
73:vegetation
59:in Bhutan.
2043:Ecologist
1956:Tree farm
1857:Coppicing
1799:chitemene
1699:Acid rain
1647:allometry
1569:SmartWood
1517:secondary
1502:pathology
1477:inventory
1415:driftwood
1281:Arbor Day
1143:Sri Lanka
1075:Australia
967:Sri Lanka
894:Argentina
700:Hong Kong
654:Palestine
579:Sri Lanka
574:Singapore
454:Indonesia
149:Kalikhola
99:forests.
89:evergreen
85:deciduous
77:Himalayas
2244:Category
2058:handcrew
2028:Arborist
2023:Forester
1983:mahogany
1929:palm oil
1919:charcoal
1904:Products
1839:Wildfire
1652:breeding
1613:GM trees
1462:dynamics
1274:Journals
1267:Colleges
1227:Forestry
1183:agencies
1172:Category
1080:Tasmania
1050:Scotland
962:Pakistan
942:Cambodia
887:Americas
854:Ethiopia
775:Forestry
723:Category
644:Abkhazia
594:Thailand
549:Pakistan
529:Mongolia
524:Maldives
519:Malaysia
419:Cambodia
264:See also
254:forestry
193:firewood
2254:Outline
2068:lookout
2063:hotshot
1944:tanbark
1914:biomass
1909:biochar
1887:plywood
1872:Logging
1776:wilding
1425:log jam
1382:Ecology
1133:Romania
1113:Denmark
1067:Oceania
1025:Romania
1010:Germany
1005:Finland
1000:Estonia
619:Vietnam
534:Myanmar
514:Lebanon
444:Georgia
399:Bahrain
389:Armenia
258:ecology
211:Before
185:plywood
181:veneers
157:Thimphu
69:forests
63:One of
31:updated
2100:Ranger
2048:Feller
2033:Bucker
1939:rubber
1882:lumber
1692:topics
1679:volume
1674:height
1620:i-Tree
1457:Forest
1410:coarse
1405:Debris
1304:dehesa
1148:Taiwan
1123:Mexico
1103:Canada
1040:Turkey
1035:Sweden
1020:Russia
1015:Poland
992:Europe
982:Turkey
977:Taiwan
937:Bhutan
909:Mexico
899:Canada
869:Uganda
836:Africa
664:Taiwan
599:Turkey
564:Russia
499:Kuwait
479:Jordan
469:Israel
429:Cyprus
414:Brunei
409:Bhutan
191:, and
140:, and
81:alpine
65:Bhutan
1934:rayon
1669:girth
1664:crown
1625:urban
1522:stand
1430:slash
1420:large
1291:Types
1239:Index
1118:Kenya
1108:Chile
1055:Wales
1030:Spain
972:Syria
957:Nepal
952:Japan
947:India
904:Chile
864:Sudan
859:Ghana
705:Macau
624:Yemen
584:Syria
559:Qatar
539:Nepal
474:Japan
449:India
439:Egypt
424:China
118:India
1993:teak
1978:fuel
1968:Wood
1788:REDD
1642:Tree
1559:PEFC
1544:ATFS
924:Asia
849:Chad
544:Oman
509:Laos
464:Iraq
459:Iran
256:and
246:UNDP
153:Taba
127:The
120:and
110:soil
97:pine
95:and
87:and
1564:SFI
1554:FSC
1549:CFS
1487:law
1472:IPM
1384:and
676:and
165:GDP
93:oak
2271::
289:^
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172:UN
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