238:
31:
308:. The monument's façade hosted also two bronze hands set on spears. These were supposed to warn the wheat merchants against cheating using false measures: cheaters had their right hand cut off, as happened in the 5th century to two sailors accused of having swindled the Emperor while selling him cereals. The monument's location was not accidental: the square was not far from two
190:
coast of north central
Anatolia), either because someone from that city who had come to Constantinople for business was killed here, or because it was a place of execution for delinquents, and the Paphlagonians had a reputation for being criminals. According to the
197:, the square hosted two statues, respectively of a Paphlagonian and of a slave of him, both always covered with litter and excrement. Indeed the neighbourhood had a very bad reputation, and witnessed several executions. Here
286:, pr. "Modion"). This landmark, built in front of the house of a certain Krateros, had a central plan with columns bearing a vault topped by a pyramid. The building hosted a silver exemplar of the
147:
263:. Moreover, groups of turtles and birds, and 16 statues of drakes adorned the place. The square was delimited by a marble fence whose small columns were adorned with the
351:
lay under the monument's vault. Over the years the original meaning of the bronze hands was forgotten and the place was actually used to punish criminals, often through
521:
142:
and heading to the western part of the city. Because of that, the
Amastrianum should have lain in the valley of the Lycus creek, between the seventh and the third
154:. According to another source, the square lay in a plain zone on the southern slope of the fourth hill of Constantinople, more or less where the modern roads
897:
267:. The strange ornaments, together with its usage as execution place, spread among the populace the belief that the Amastrianum was inhabited by devils.
514:
507:
293:
288:
243:
763:
34:
Map of
Byzantine Constantinople. The Amastrianum is located near the middle section of the sea walls, northeast of the
17:
251:
The forum is supposed to have had a rectangular plan. It was adorned with several pagan statues: among them, one of
916:
119:
621:
599:
271:
139:
68:
671:
274:(a Byzantine Guide of the city written in the 8th or 9th century), in the square lay also the edifice named
100:). Used also as place for public mutilations and executions, it disappeared completely after the end of the
738:
732:
728:
499:
222:
768:
661:
237:
178:, but from the context it is clear that it was a public square. Its name derived from the city of
865:
143:
59:
229:. During the Byzantine age, the Amastrianum was also the centre of the horse trade in the city.
697:
332:
875:
789:
742:
590:
218:
127:
880:
813:
757:
651:
565:
301:
210:
202:
8:
819:
799:
794:
712:
646:
575:
347:(r. 364–375), who introduced this standard to Constantinople. A statue of him carrying a
214:
247:
measure (4th century AD). The silver exemplar exposed at the
Amastrianum looked like it.
885:
845:
835:
784:
151:
870:
855:
804:
560:
193:
860:
850:
681:
656:
625:
305:
101:
213:(r. 867–886) burned the slaves responsible of having killed their master. In 932,
707:
676:
635:
580:
476:
752:
747:
531:
279:
93:
83:
51:
30:
910:
809:
640:
595:
570:
488:
344:
206:
175:
131:
114:
88:
840:
529:
702:
313:
198:
183:
135:
35:
605:
550:
495:(in French) (2 ed.). Paris: Institut français d'etudes byzantines.
352:
336:
187:
39:
666:
585:
264:
260:
226:
97:
126:
913–959), the square was located along the southern branch of the
309:
297:
162:
cross each other. Administratively, it was included in the ninth
630:
554:
256:
179:
358:
The square's proposed locations have not yet been excavated.
312:
complexes related to the public grain supply from Egypt, the
300:
trade. The exemplar on display was supposed to represent the
123:
73:
331:, 'warehouses of Theodosius', both placed near the
252:
112:
The precise location of the square is unknown: in the work
174:
No
Byzantine source defines directly the Amastrianum as a
138:, both stations of imperial processions coming from the
146:, at midway between the modern neighbourhoods of
908:
201:(r. 842–867) let burn the exhumed body of the
515:
326:
325:, 'Alexandrian warehouses' and the
320:
130:(the main street of the city), between the
898:Churches and Monasteries of Constantinople
530:Public spaces and structures of Byzantine
522:
508:
221:, who assumed the identity of the usurper
475:
236:
217:(r. 920–944) let burn at the stake here
82:by modern authors, was a public square (
29:
483:. Istanbul: Çituri Biraderler Basımevi.
450:
448:
446:
444:
390:
14:
909:
425:
423:
421:
402:
400:
388:
386:
384:
382:
380:
378:
376:
374:
372:
370:
503:
487:
441:
457:
432:
418:
409:
397:
367:
24:
896:For churches and monasteries, see
764:Imperial Library of Constantinople
25:
928:
232:
120:Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus
27:Public square in Constantinople
703:Harbour of Julian/Kontoskalion
622:Great Palace of Constantinople
600:Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs
296:and was used above all in the
294:largest Roman dry measure unit
272:Parastaseis syntomoi chronikai
13:
1:
672:Palace of the Porphyrogenitus
739:Hippodrome of Constantinople
733:University of Constantinople
729:Capitolium of Constantinople
343:had been erected by Emperor
74:
7:
769:Praetoria of Constantinople
107:
10:
933:
469:
169:
63:
894:
828:
777:
721:
690:
614:
538:
283:
493:Constantinople Byzantine
361:
207:Constantine V Kopronymos
866:Cistern of the Hebdomon
225:to lead a rebellion in
144:hills of Constantinople
917:Fora of Constantinople
698:Harbour of Eleutherios
481:The Tourists' Istanbul
327:
321:
259:and one of a sleeping
248:
87:
55:
43:
876:Cistern of Philoxenos
790:Column of Constantine
743:Obelisk of Theodosius
415:Mamboury (1953, p. 67
406:Mamboury (1953, p. 73
333:Harbour of Theodosius
304:for this unit in the
240:
219:Basil the Copper Hand
118:, written by Emperor
38:harbour and near the
33:
881:Cistern of Pulcheria
820:Column of Theodosius
814:Colossus of Barletta
758:Horses of Saint Mark
652:Palace of Blachernae
615:Palaces and mansions
566:Forum of Constantine
454:Janin (1964), p. 104
211:Basil the Macedonian
800:Column of Justinian
795:Column of the Goths
713:Prosphorion Harbour
647:Palace of Antiochos
576:Forum of Theodosius
463:Janin (1964), p. 55
438:Janin (1964), p. 95
429:Janin (1964), p. 68
394:Janin (1964), p. 69
215:Romanos I Lekapenos
182:(modern Amasra) in
160:Şehzadebaşı Caddesi
886:Theodosius Cistern
846:Baths of Zeuxippus
836:Aqueduct of Valens
785:Column of Arcadius
328:Horrea Theodosiana
322:Horrea Alexandrina
249:
223:Constantine Doukas
209:(r. 741–775), and
44:
904:
903:
871:Cistern of Mocius
856:Cistern of Aetius
805:Column of Marcian
662:Palace of Mangana
561:Forum of Arcadius
539:Roads and squares
319:. These were the
270:According to the
194:Patrologia Latina
186:(a region on the
92:) in the city of
80:Forum Amastrianum
72:
18:Forum Amastrianum
16:(Redirected from
924:
861:Cistern of Aspar
851:Basilica Cistern
778:Column monuments
722:Public buildings
682:Prison of Anemas
657:Palace of Lausus
626:Boukoleon Palace
524:
517:
510:
501:
500:
496:
484:
477:Mamboury, Ernest
464:
461:
455:
452:
439:
436:
430:
427:
416:
413:
407:
404:
395:
392:
330:
324:
306:Byzantine Empire
285:
102:Byzantine Empire
77:
67:
65:
21:
932:
931:
927:
926:
925:
923:
922:
921:
907:
906:
905:
900:
890:
824:
773:
717:
708:Neorion Harbour
686:
677:Placidia Palace
636:Chrysotriklinos
610:
581:Forum of the Ox
534:
528:
472:
467:
462:
458:
453:
442:
437:
433:
428:
419:
414:
410:
405:
398:
393:
368:
364:
235:
172:
156:Atatürk Caddesi
110:
78:), also called
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
930:
920:
919:
902:
901:
895:
892:
891:
889:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
832:
830:
826:
825:
823:
822:
817:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
781:
779:
775:
774:
772:
771:
766:
761:
755:
753:Walled Obelisk
750:
748:Serpent Column
745:
736:
725:
723:
719:
718:
716:
715:
710:
705:
700:
694:
692:
688:
687:
685:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
638:
633:
628:
618:
616:
612:
611:
609:
608:
603:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
548:
542:
540:
536:
535:
532:Constantinople
527:
526:
519:
512:
504:
498:
497:
489:Janin, Raymond
485:
471:
468:
466:
465:
456:
440:
431:
417:
408:
396:
365:
363:
360:
234:
231:
171:
168:
109:
106:
94:Constantinople
75:ta Amastrianoú
64:τά Αμαστριανοῦ
60:Medieval Greek
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
929:
918:
915:
914:
912:
899:
893:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
833:
831:
827:
821:
818:
815:
811:
810:Column of Leo
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
780:
776:
770:
767:
765:
762:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
740:
737:
734:
730:
727:
726:
724:
720:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
695:
693:
689:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
642:
641:Daphne Palace
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
623:
620:
619:
617:
613:
607:
604:
601:
597:
596:Philadelphion
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
556:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
541:
537:
533:
525:
520:
518:
513:
511:
506:
505:
502:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
473:
460:
451:
449:
447:
445:
435:
426:
424:
422:
412:
403:
401:
391:
389:
387:
385:
383:
381:
379:
377:
375:
373:
371:
366:
359:
356:
354:
350:
346:
345:Valentinian I
342:
338:
334:
329:
323:
318:
317:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:
281:
277:
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
246:
245:
239:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:
189:
185:
181:
177:
167:
166:of the city.
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
132:Philadelphion
129:
125:
121:
117:
116:
115:De Ceremoniis
105:
103:
99:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
76:
70:
61:
57:
53:
49:
41:
37:
32:
19:
829:Water supply
571:Forum of Leo
545:
492:
480:
459:
434:
411:
357:
348:
340:
315:
287:
275:
269:
250:
242:
233:Architecture
192:
173:
163:
159:
155:
140:Great Palace
113:
111:
79:
47:
45:
546:Amastrianum
199:Michael III
184:Paphlagonia
148:Şehzadebaşı
136:Forum Bovis
56:Amastriánum
48:Amastrianum
36:Eleutherion
841:Ballıgerme
606:Strategion
551:Augustaion
353:mutilation
203:iconoclast
42:monastery.
591:Mese Odos
337:Propontis
241:A bronze
188:Black Sea
128:Mese odós
96:(today's
69:romanized
40:Myrelaion
911:Category
691:Harbours
667:Magnaura
586:Hebdomon
491:(1964).
479:(1953).
302:standard
265:crescent
261:Heracles
227:Bithynia
205:emperor
180:Amastris
134:and the
108:Location
98:Istanbul
470:Sources
335:on the
298:cereals
170:History
152:Aksaray
124:reigned
71::
631:Chalke
555:Milion
349:modius
341:Modius
339:. The
310:horrea
292:, the
289:modius
284:Μόδιον
276:Modius
257:Helios
244:Modius
362:Notes
316:nnona
280:Greek
176:forum
164:Regio
89:forum
84:Latin
52:Latin
253:Zeus
158:and
150:and
46:The
355:.
255:as
913::
443:^
420:^
399:^
369:^
282::
104:.
86::
66:,
62::
58:,
54::
816:)
812:(
760:)
741:(
735:)
731:(
643:)
624:(
602:)
598:(
557:)
553:(
523:e
516:t
509:v
314:a
278:(
122:(
50:(
20:)
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