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the braking power will be boosted as the situation requires, up to a full brake application. Should the driver fail to react, the Pre-Safe Brake triggers autonomous vehicle braking. Pedestrian detection is active up to about 72 km/h (45 mph), and can reduce collisions with pedestrians autonomously from an initial speed of up to 50 km/h (31 mph). A radar sensor in the rear bumper monitors the traffic behind the vehicle. If the risk of an impact from the rear is detected, the rear hazard warning lights are activated to alert the driver of the vehicle behind (not on vehicles with USA/Canada coding). Anticipatory occupant protection measures, such as the reversible belt tensioners, are deployed. If the vehicle is stopped and the driver indicates a wish to remain stationary – by depressing the brake pedal, activating the hold function, or moving the selector lever to "P" – the system increases the brake pressure to keep the vehicle firmly braked during a possible rear-end collision. Pre-Safe
Impulse works an early phase of the crash, before the resulting deceleration starts to increase, the front occupants are pulled away from the direction of impact and deeper into their seats by their seat belts. By the time the accident enters the phase when loads peak, the extra distance they are retracted by can be used while dissipating energy in a controlled fashion. Pre-acceleration and force limitation allow the occupants to be temporarily isolated from the effects of the crash, significantly reducing the risk and severity of injuries in a frontal collision.
430:. "Pre sense plus" works in four phases. The system first provides warning of an impending accident, activating hazard warning lights, closing windows and sunroof, and pre-tensioning front seat belts. The warning is followed by light braking to get the driver's attention. The third phase initiates autonomous partial braking at a rate of 3 m/s (9.8 ft/s). The fourth phase increases braking to 5 m/s (16.4 ft/s) followed by automatic full braking power, roughly half a second before projected impact. "Pre sense rear", is designed to reduce the consequences of rear-end collisions. The sunroof and windows are closed and seat belts are prepared for impact. The seats are moved forward to protect the car's occupants. 2015 introduced the "avoidance assistant" system that intervenes in the steering to help the driver avoid an obstacle. If an accident occurs, the "turning assistant" monitors opposing traffic when turning left at low speeds. In critical situations, it stops the car. "Multi collision brake assist" uses controlled braking maneuvers during the accident to aid the driver. Both systems were introduced on the
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ahead, helping detect an imminent collision. It provides a two-stage warning to alert the driver, and if the driver takes no action, the system automatically engages the brakes to mitigate the collision speed and impact. A predictive forward collision warning system warns the driver of risks that may be obscured from the driver's view. It senses the relative velocity and distance of a vehicle directly ahead, as well as a vehicle traveling in front of the preceding one. The forward emergency braking system judges that deceleration is required, it alerts the driver using both a screen display and sound, then generates a force that pushes the accelerator pedal up and applies partial braking to assist the driver in slowing the vehicle down. When the system judges that there is the possibility of a collision, it will automatically apply harder braking to help avoid one.
529:, with the tagline, "Safety for Everyone". The system uses two types of sensors: a millimeter-wave radar in the front grille and a monocular camera on the windshield. These sensors detect pedestrians and other objects with improved accuracy. Enhanced data processing capabilities allow the system to recognize surroundings, driver intentions, and vehicle conditions, enabling collaborative control over braking and steering. The system now includes six new functions, such as the Pedestrian Collision Mitigation Steering System, and assists in vehicle speed, following distance, and lane keeping. Honda continues to evolve its driver-assistive technologies globally to enhance safety and comfort.
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detects pedestrians and issues a visual alert on the dashboard immediately in front of the driver if the system determines that there is a risk of collision. If the likelihood of a collision increases, the system issues an audio and visual alarm to encourage the driver to take evasive action, and the increased pre-collision braking force and automatic braking functions are activated. If the system determines that a collision cannot be avoided by braking alone and there is sufficient room for avoidance, steer assist is activated to steer the vehicle away from the pedestrian.
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include the E-Pretensioner's tugging on the shoulder portion of the seat belt two to three times as an additional tactile warning to the driver to take action. The third stage, in which the CMBS predicts that a collision is unavoidable, includes full seat belt slack take-up by the E-Pretensioner for more effective seat belt protection and automatic application of the brakes to lessen the severity of the predicted crash. The E-Pretensioner would also work to reduce seat belt slack whenever the brakes are applied, and the brake assist system is activated.
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703:(19 mph), the vehicle will reduce its speed automatically. It also allows the vehicle to engage braking assist, if there is a risk of a frontal collision and the driver suddenly applies the brakes. The speed difference to allow an automatic stop was raised to 50 km/h (31 mph) in 2013 with improved cameras. The adaptive cruise control was also upgraded in 2010 to allow automatic emergency braking in traffic, fully stopping the EyeSight vehicle when the car in front has come to a complete stop.
411:. Automobile manufactures may describe the systems installed on their vehicles using different names to differentiate their marketing efforts. A particular automaker may have systems and sensors sourced from a variety of suppliers. Therefore, even a single car brand may offer various levels of technology sophistication and the: frequency of false alerts can be different from model to model and trim level to trim level, depending on the types of camera and/or laser-based systems installed.
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to approaching vehicles at intersections; Lane Change
Collision Mitigation, which helps avoid collisions during lane changes; and Collision Mitigation Braking, which provides braking assistance at turns. It also features Adaptive Cruise Control with Cornering Speed Assist, adjusting speed during cornering for smoother navigation. The application of Honda SENSING 360 will begin in 2022, starting from China, with the first vehicle equipped with Honda SENSING 360 being the
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pressure and apply – with maximum deceleration power – if necessary. In the case of a crash, the system can bring the vehicle to a standstill. Later iterations of the system on cars equipped with an
Automatic Cruise Control system are improved by combining radar and camera detection during fog, rain, and other situations where normal camera operations may be compromised.
629:(BAS) sensors to detect emergency braking, the system can tighten the seat belts, adjust seat positions, including rear seats (if installed), raise folded rear headrests (if installed), and close the sunroof if it detects a possible collision (including rollover). A later version of the Pre-Safe system was supplemented by an additional function that can close any open windows if necessary.
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markers) and throttle management (to prevent sudden unintended acceleration in forward and reverse) systems in 2013 with the improved cameras. EyeSight has been very popular, equipped on approximately 90% of all Legacy and
Outbacks sold in Japan at the beginning of 2012, and the engineers responsible for its development won a prize from the Japanese government that year.
690:(NHTSA). As of September 2019, Nissan considered the issue strictly as a "performance update" by issuing technical service bulletins—at least three since January 2019—that pertain to reprogramming the radar control unit, according to the agency. At least 553,860 cars are potentially affected from the 2017 and 2018 model years.
838:. The system is designed to determine if the driver is late in decelerating at an approaching stop sign, will then sound an alert, and can also pre-charge the brakes to provide braking force if deemed necessary. This system works in certain Japanese cities and requires Japan-specific road markings that are detected by a camera.
518:, using a radar-based system to monitor the situation ahead and provide brake assistance if the driver reacts with insufficient force on the brake pedal after a warning in the instrument cluster and a tightening of the seat belts. The Honda system was the first production system to provide automatic braking.
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2012: Higher speed APCS on the Lexus LS enables deceleration from up to 37 mph (60 km/h), compared to the previous of 25 mph (40 km/h). The higher-speed APCS uses the same technologies as the current APCs. This system increases the braking force up to twice that applied by average
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Subaru's system, branded "EyeSight", was announced in May 2008 using stereo camera technology to detect pedestrians and bicyclists. As initially announced, EyeSight enabled pre-collision braking control and adaptive cruise control at all speeds. It was rolled out in Japan to selected models in 2010;
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2021: Honda introduced the Honda SENSING 360 system, enhancing the original with omnidirectional sensing. This system helps eliminate blind spots and reduce collisions by using five millimeter-wave radar units and a front camera. Key features include Front Cross
Traffic Warning, which alerts drivers
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received the radar- and camera-based crash imminent braking (radar technology detects a possible crash threat and alerts the driver. If the driver does not appear to react quickly enough or doesn't react at all, this feature intervenes to apply the brakes to avoid the crash. Forward collision alert,
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Beginning on the 2012 Ford Focus, Active City Stop was offered on the range-topping
Titanium model, under the optional Sports Executive Pack. The system used windscreen-mounted cameras, radars, and lidars to monitor the road ahead. The system doesn't provide a warning, rather, it can prevent a crash
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2013: Pre-collision system with pedestrian-avoidance steer assist and steering bypass assist can help prevent collisions in cases where automatic braking alone is not sufficient, such as when the vehicle is traveling too fast or a pedestrian suddenly steps into the vehicle's path. An onboard sensor
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systems. Brake assist with preview function anticipates the need to apply emergency braking and pre-pressurize the brake system to help improve brake response. Intelligent brake assist (IBA) with forwarding emergency braking (FEB) (on QX80) uses radar to monitor the approaching speed of the vehicle
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as plus with cross-traffic assist. Pre-Safe with pedestrian detection and City Brake function is a combination of stereo camera and radar sensors to detect pedestrians in front of the vehicle. Visual and acoustic warnings are triggered when a hazard is spotted. If the driver then reacts by braking,
2227:"Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Harmonized Technical United Nations Regulations for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these United Nations Regulations"
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on the steering column. This system monitors the driver's face to determine where the driver is looking. If the driver's head turns away from the road and a frontal obstacle is detected, the system will alert the driver using a buzzer, and if necessary, pre-charge the brakes and tighten the safety
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designed to prevent or reduce the severity of a collision. In its basic form, a forward collision warning system monitors a vehicle's speed, the speed of the vehicle in front of it, and the distance between the vehicles, so that it can provide a warning to the driver if the vehicles get too close,
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that visually resembles brake lamps. If the driver does not react, the system pre-charges the brakes and increases the brake assist sensitivity to maximize driver braking performance. Later versions would automatically apply the brakes to minimize pedestrian impacts. In some models of Volvos, the
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firmness, steering gear ratios, and torque to aid the driver's evasive steering measures. The lane departure warning system will make automatic steering adjustments to help ensure that the vehicle maintains its lane in case the driver fails to react. Driver
Monitoring System was introduced on the
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Once an impending collision is detected, these systems provide a warning to the driver. When the collision becomes imminent, they can take action autonomously without any driver input (by braking or steering or both). Collision avoidance by braking is appropriate at low vehicle speeds (e.g. below
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introduced an advanced pre-collision system (APCS), added a twin-lens stereo camera located on the windshield, and a more sensitive radar to detect smaller "soft" objects such as animals and pedestrians. A near-infrared projector located in the headlights allows the system to work at night. With
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The pre-collision braking control was upgraded in 2010 to allow the vehicle to stop automatically if the speed difference between the EyeSight-equipped vehicle and the object in front is less than 30 km/h (19 mph) and the driver takes no action to slow down or stop. Above 30 km/h
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The system also incorporated an "E-Pretensioner", which worked in conjunction with the CMBS system with electric motors on the seat belts. When activated, the CMBS has three warning stages. The first warning stage includes audible and visual warnings to brake. If ignored, the second stage would
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A key feature of Honda SENSING Elite is the hands-off function, which assists in steering the vehicle when the driver has their hands off the wheel, supported by adaptive in-lane driving. This aids in maintaining lane position at a pre-set speed and keeping a proper following distance from the
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In 2013, "Driving
Assistant Plus" was introduced on most models combining the front-facing camera, lane-departure warning, and in some cases front radar sensors to detect vehicles ahead. Should the driver not react to the warning of a potential collision, the system would gradually prime brake
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2018: Toyota released its updated Toyota Safety Sense 2.0 (TSS 2.0) to include Lane
Tracing Assist, Road Sign Assist, and Low Light Pedestrian Detection with Daytime Bicyclist Detection which improves the Pre-Collision System. The first Japanese car model to receive (TSS 2.0) is the executive
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In 2013, color was added to the cameras, allowing the system to recognize brake lights and red stoplights ahead. Subaru also added active lane-keeping (keeping the vehicle in the middle of the lane, and applying steering force to keep the vehicle in the lane when unintentionally crossing lane
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2023: Honda SENSING 360+ builds on existing Honda SENSING 360 by adding a driver monitoring camera and high-definition maps. This updated system aims to reduce accidents caused by driver health issues or errors. It features
Advanced Lane Driving with hands-off capability, Active Lane Change
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added a front-side millimeter-wave radar to detect potential side collisions primarily at intersections or when another vehicle crosses the center line. The latest version tilts the rear seat upward, placing the passenger in a more ideal crash position if it detects a front or rear impact.
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introduced pedestrian recognition as a part of the system. It uses a sensor fusion between a camera and the radar sensor. There is an "emergency assist" in case of a non-reacting driver, the car takes control of the brakes and the steering until a complete stop. This is also found in the
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The cost of optional AEB will depend, in part, on whether certain other safety systems are installed. The electronic and sensor systems that underpin adaptive cruise control and forward-collision warning systems, for example, are well-suited, if not prerequisites, to an AEB system.
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lane departure warning, side blind zone alert (using radar sensors on both sides of the vehicle, the system "looks" for other vehicles in the blind zone areas of the Impala and indicates their presence with LED-lit symbols in the outside mirrors. Rear cross-traffic alert features.
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Various vendors provide AEB components to automakers. The global automotive AEB system market consists of a few established companies that are manufacturers or suppliers of specialized AEB components or systems. For example, the main vendors for radar systems include
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Regulation 131 requires a system that can automatically detect a potential forward collision and activate the vehicle braking system to decelerate a vehicle to avoid or mitigate a collision. UN ECE regulation 152 says deceleration can be 5 meters per second squared.
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In 2018, Euro NCAP provided assessments for AEB city (since 2014), AEB interurban (since 2014), AEB pedestrian (since 2018), and AEB cyclist (since 2018). Since 2018, ANCAP has also provided assessments for AEB city, AEB interurban, AEB pedestrian, and cyclist.
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A collision avoidance system by steering is a new concept. It is considered by some research projects. Collision avoidance system by steering has some limitations: over-dependence on lane markings, sensor limitations, and interaction between driver and system.
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2017: Lexus introduced the updated Lexus Safety System+ 2.0 on the fifth-generation LS. In the US 2017 model year, Toyota sold more vehicles equipped with collision warnings than any other single brand with a total of 1.4 million sold or 56% of their fleet.
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2022: Honda updated the SENSING 360 system with new features including Advanced Lane Driving and Lane Change Assist with hands-off capability, a Driver Emergency Support System, and Exit Warning. These additions enhance existing features like
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from occurring at speeds between 3.6 and 30 km/h (2.2 and 18.6 mph). This speed was later raised to 50 km/h (31 mph) and was available on all models, the Trend, Sport, Titanium, ST, and RS (Limited Edition only).
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data, and sensors to monitor the vehicle’s surroundings and driver condition. It can control acceleration, braking, and steering for smooth driving and includes features like hands-off lane change assist and Traffic Jam Pilot for
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Lexus LS. The rear-end pre-collision system includes a rearward-facing millimeter-wave radar mounted in the rear bumper. The system adjusts the active head restraints by moving them upward and forward to reduce the risk of
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laser sensor that monitors the front of the roadway, and if a potential collision is detected, the safety belts will retract to reduce excess slack. Volvo now includes this safety device as an option in FH series trucks.
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The emergency steering function, known as ESF, is an automated steering function that detects a potential collision and automatically activates the steering system for a limited duration to avoid or mitigate a collision.
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for detecting whether the driver's eyes are properly open. It monitors the driver's eyes to detect the driver's level of wakefulness. This system is designed to work even if the driver is wearing sunglasses at night.
450:. "Active Protection" detects imminent accidents by pretensioning safety belts, closes windows and moonroof, brings the backrest of the front passenger seat to an upright position, and activates post-crash braking. A
122:) in the EU, agreements between carmakers and safety officials to make crash avoidance systems eventually standard, such as in the United States, to research projects including some manufacturer specific devices.
939:(automatic post-collision braking system) to automatically brake the car after an accident to avoid a second collision. City emergency braking automatically activates brakes at low speeds in urban situations.
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As of 2021, EyeSight is standard on the Ascent, Forester, Legacy, and Outback. It is also standard on all CVT-equipped Crosstrek, Impreza, and WRX. It became standard on the automatic-equipped BRZ as of 2022.
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Many vehicles have AEB fitted as standard. The AEB is not available for every car. When AEB is available as an option, its cost can be in the ÂŁ180 (AEB city only) – ÂŁ1300 (regular AEB) range.
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vehicle ahead. The system also includes active lane change assist with hands-off function, which executes lane changes when the driver activates the turn signal and adjusts the vehicle’s speed accordingly.
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in Australia in 2011; and in North America in 2012 for the 2013 model year Legacy and Outback models. An alarm is used to warn the driver of a potential collision hazard in the pre-collision system.
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was their first to offer partial autonomous braking (40%, or up to 0.4g deceleration) if the driver does not react to the BAS Plus warnings and the system detects a severe danger of an accident.
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2663:"Honda Introduces "Honda SENSING" Advanced Driver-Assistive System - the All-new Legend will be the first Honda SENSING-equipped vehicle to be sold in Japan - | Honda Global Corporate Website"
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50 km/h (31 mph)), while collision avoidance by steering may be more appropriate at higher vehicle speeds if lanes are clear. Cars with collision avoidance may also be equipped with
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As part of the InControl suite of services, Jaguar Land Rover provides several driver assistance technologies, amongst which are autonomous emergency braking, intelligent emergency braking,
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features automatic braking if the driver turns in front of an oncoming car. This is a common scenario at busy city crossings as well as on highways, where the speed limits are higher.
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3179:"Subaru's Unique Driving Assist System "EyeSight" Received the Commendation for Science and Technology 2012 from the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"
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March 2020: Volvo recalled 121,000 cars over auto emergency braking failure. The system may not detect an object and so may not work as intended, increasing the risk of a crash.
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introduced a "Proactive Occupant Protection" that will close the windows and retract the safety belts to remove excess slack if the potential for a forward crash is detected.
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in China in 2024 and expand globally. It includes a Driver Emergency Support System that helps stop the vehicle if the driver becomes unresponsive and connects to the
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Nissan has been under investigation for collision avoidance systems on late-model Rogue models that allegedly brake the vehicles for no reason, according to the US
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sensors can detect fixed dangers such as approaching stop signs through a location database. Pedestrian detection can also be a feature of these types of systems.
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2009: Mercedes introduced the first Pre-Safe Brake with full (100%) autonomous braking with maximum braking force approximately 0.6 seconds before impact, on the
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2016: Toyota announced it would make Toyota Safety Sense (TSS) and Lexus Safety System+ standard on nearly all Japan, Europe, and US models by the end of 2017.
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The activated system shall be able to bring the vehicle to a complete stop behind a stationary vehicle, a stationary road user, or a blocked lane of travel to
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1983:"Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to the Advanced Emergency Braking Systems (AEBS) - Addendum: 130 - Regulation: 131"
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system that uses a forward-facing millimeter-wave radar. When the system determines that a frontal collision is unavoidable, it preemptively tightens the
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ERSEC Project (FP7 247955): Enhanced Road Safety by integrating Egnos-Galileo data with on-board Control system for car collision avoidance applications
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Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles about automated lane-keeping systems, Guidance on traffic disturbance critical scenarios for ALKS
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In countries, such as the UK, one-quarter of new vehicles might have some kind of AEB system; but only 1% of previously sold cars might have AEB.
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2012:"Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to the Advanced Emergency Braking System (AEBS) for M1 and N1 vehicles"
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The activated system shall detect the distance to the next vehicle in front as defined in paragraph 7.1.1. and shall adapt the vehicle speed to
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2003: Honda introduced autonomous braking (Collision Mitigation Brake System CMBS, originally CMS) front collision avoidance system on the
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2020: Honda announced the flagship variation of Honda SENSING called, Honda SENSING Elite. The system was first introduced in the new
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Japan has required AEB since 2020 and ALKS since 2021. The European Union requires AEB since 2022 but did not define a date for ALKS.
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2198:"Addendum 78: UN Regulation No. 79 - Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to steering equipment"
2742:"Honda to Introduce "Honda SENSING 360+" Omnidirectional Safety and Driver-assistive System | Honda Global Corporate Website"
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AEB differs from forward collision warning: FCW alerts the driver with a warning but does not by itself brake the vehicle.
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SUVs in 2012. It uses a camera to provide a warning when there is a vehicle ahead or there is a lane departure. The 2014
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2688:"Honda Legend Hybrid EX with Honda Sensing Elite - hands-off Level 3 automated driving, RM416k in Japan - paultan.org"
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radar PCS added a single digital camera to improve the accuracy of collision forecast and warning and control levels.
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2270:"Strengthened UN regulation on emergency braking for trucks and coaches will further increase safety on the road"
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2006: Mercedes-Benz's "Brake Assist BAS Plus" was their first forward warning collision system introduced on the
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2314:"Top 6 Vendors in the Global Automotive Advanced Emergency Braking System Market from 2016 to 2020: Technavio"
2011:
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The activated system shall avoid a collision with an unobstructed crossing pedestrian in front of the vehicle.
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Time-to-collision could be a way to choose which avoidance method (braking or steering) is most appropriate.
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3548:"Lexus and Toyota Will Make Automated Braking Standard on Nearly Every Model and Trim Level by End of 2017"
2960:"Autonomous Emergency Braking System with Potential Field Risk Assessment for Frontal Collision Mitigation"
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can brake the car to a stop in case of an emergency and tension the seat belts as a precautionary measure.
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3086:"FHI to Introduce the "New EyeSight" Subaru's Unique Driving Assist System with Advanced Safety Functions"
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The activated system shall not cause any collisions that are reasonably foreseeable and preventable. If a
50:(AEB) test. The vehicle has AEB Pedestrian, AEB Cyclist, AEB City, and AEB Interurban as standard in 2018.
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and ANCAP are involved in taking into account the Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) in their respective
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Matsubayashi, Kiyoka; Yamada, Yukinori; Iyoda, Motomi; Koike, Shin; Kawasaki, Tomoya; Tokuda, Masanori.
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Recommendation, Predictive Curve Departure Warning, and an Exit Warning. The system will debut with the
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3223:"Safety matters: advanced crash avoidance technology finds its way into production vehicles in Japan"
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1807:"Algorithmic Decision-Making in AVs: Understanding Ethical and Technical Concerns for Smart Cities"
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Grover, C.; Knight, I.; Okoro, F.; Simmons, I.; Couper, G.; Massie, P.; Smith, B. (April 2008).
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Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles concerning automated lane-keeping systems
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Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles concerning automated lane-keeping systems
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Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles concerning automated lane-keeping systems
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Collision avoidance systems range from widespread systems mandatory in some countries, such as
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is a maneuver performed by the system in case of an event in which the vehicle is at imminent
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3675:"To the Point: The New Touareg. Volkswagen SUV is one of the safest automobiles of all times"
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potentially helping to avoid a crash. Various technologies and sensors that are used include
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Improvement of Trajectory Tracking Performance in Autonomous Collision Avoidance by Steering
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3118:"FHI to Introduce the "EyeSight" to North America - The Second Overseas Launch of Subarufs
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Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles about automated lane-keeping systems
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Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles about automated lane-keeping systems
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Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles about automated lane-keeping systems
971:. This system is powered by a radar/camera sensor fusion and provides a warning through a
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adaptive variable suspension (AVS) and electric power steering, the system can change the
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Autonomous: the system acts independently of the driver to avoid or mitigate the accident.
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2717:"Honda unveils next-generation technologies of Honda SENSING 360 and Honda SENSING Elite"
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3053:"Nissan Rogue under investigation after claims emergency brakes turned on for no reason"
1608:: All Models except Toyota 4Runner 2020 and up to get it and Yaris 2019 and up to get it
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2042:"A new method for computing optimum obstacle avoidance steering manoeuvres of vehicles"
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1875:"Toyota Develops Automatic Brake System Assisted by GPS Technology for Safety Driving"
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to give the driver maximum stopping power when the driver depresses the brake pedal.
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includes advice to take a break from driving. An "Active Driving Assistant" combines
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2169:"Improved Impact of Collision Avoidance by Steering Technology on Real Life Safety"
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The emergency steering function for UNECE countries is described by regulation 79.
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The activated system shall avoid a collision with a cutting in the vehicle (...)
3822:"Automated Emergency Brake Systems: Technical requirements, costs, and benefits"
2640:
343:
This document clarifies the derivation process to define conditions under which
4502:
4497:
4087:
3450:
3395:
3324:
1759:
1724:
1578:
1565:
1557:
1486:
1301:
1184:
807:
758:
490:
408:
404:
3700:
2903:
2057:
4526:
4195:
4145:
3597:"NHTSA, IIHS document increase in emergency braking systems in 2017 vehicles"
1769:
1639:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1561:
1541:
1498:
1444:
1297:
1293:
1277:
1211:
1146:
1082:
739:
Toyota's system, branded "Toyota Safety Sense" or "Lexus Safety Sense", is a
728:
625:
sensors to measure steering angle, vehicle yaw, and lateral acceleration and
511:
3650:"What is Lexus Safety System+ 3.0? 9 New Technologies to Help Keep You Safe"
2793:"Detection Technologies used in Jaguar Land Rover Driver Assistance Systems"
2141:
Hayashi, Ryuzo; Chatporntanadul, Puwadech; Nagai, Masao (4 September 2013).
1957:"Automakers, Safety Officials Make Crash Avoidance Systems Standard by 2022"
1687:
Since 2016, Euro NCAP has taken into account pedestrians in the AEB rating.
525:
2013: Honda introduced new driver-assistance system called Honda SENSING in
4405:
4316:
4229:
1764:
1734:
1651:
1508:
1490:
1337:
1269:
1235:
1207:
1159:
1155:
1133:
1117:
1013:
866:
748:
658:
626:
578:
558:
533:
526:
431:
3205:"75 Years of Toyota | Technical Development | Electronics Parts"
3028:"Owners Accuse Nissan Rogue of Braking for No Reason; NHTSA Investigating"
605:. The systems variously use both microwave and optical detection methods.
326:
The activated system shall avoid a collision with a leading vehicle (...)
315:. This shall be ensured up to the maximum operational speed of the system.
4258:
3853:"Breaking the Bank: Precrash systems are available now for a hefty price"
1584:
1524:
1518:
1494:
1402:
1398:
1333:
1329:
1305:
1273:
1260:
1243:
1239:
1215:
1203:
967:
2006: Volvo's "Collision Warning with Auto Brake" was introduced in 2007
582:
494:
475:
43:
764:
2003 August: added an automatic partial pre-crash braking system to the
1833:
1806:
1660:
1569:
1469:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1289:
1281:
1256:
1223:
1137:
1004:
794:
177:
Braking: the system tries to avoid the accident by applying the brakes.
30:
This article is about collision avoidance in cars. For other uses, see
3352:"Development of Rear Pre-Crash Safety System For Rear-End Collisions"
1673:
1285:
1231:
1219:
1199:
1164:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1063:
1059:
968:
744:
228:
of the vehicle with another road user or an obstacle which cannot be
916:
426:
and monocular camera sensors and was introduced in 2010 on the 2011
369:
AEB and ALKS are each defined by one or several UN-ECE regulations.
4268:
4253:
2929:"Mercedes-Benz TecDay Special Feature: PRE-SAFE And PRE-SAFE Brake"
1823:
1647:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1325:
1151:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1071:
872:
2021: Lexus introduced the updated Lexus Safety System+ 3.0 in the
671:
400:
174:
Emergency: the system will intervene only in a critical situation.
3578:"Nearly Every Toyota to Have Automatic Emergency Braking by 2017"
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1514:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
3731:"Volvo recalls 121,000 cars over auto emergency braking failure"
4461:
3921:
Ford: Safer Driving Through Vehicle collision avoidance systems
2086:"Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) Frequently Asked Questions"
1677:
1643:
1605:
1574:
1537:
1482:
1427:
1423:
1419:
981:
149:
3898:
2992:"Extended PRE-SAFE protection: Prevention is better than cure"
4400:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4201:
2370:"Forward-Collision Warning Systems Are Not All Created Equal"
1415:
1356:
1265:
1189:
1142:
1055:
992:
740:
679:
675:
515:
423:
396:
392:
100:
96:
92:
54:
3911:
DSRC/Wave Vehicle Communication and Traffic Simulator eTEXAS
2964:
2017 IEEE Conference on Systems, Process and Control (ICSPC)
2768:"Driver Assistance Technology in Jaguar Land Rover Vehicles"
4451:
4177:
2457:"The new Audi Q7 – Sportiness, efficiency, premium comfort"
2289:"ADAS: Top 40 advanced driver assistance systems companies"
2140:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1087:
771:
2003 September: PCS made available in North America on the
125:
3388:"Toyota Enhances Pre-crash Safety System with Eye Monitor"
422:"Pre sense" autonomous emergency braking system uses twin
2866:
Breuer, Joerg J.; Faulhaber, Andreas; Gleissner, Stefan.
2542:"Chevrolet News - United States – Impala"
1113:
976:
automatic braking system can be manually turned off. The
827:
443:
372:
Requirements related to AEB are regulations 131 and 152.
108:
3819:
3349:
2868:"Real world Safety benefits of brake assistance systems"
2516:"New Camera-Based Collision Alert Debuts on GMC Terrain"
2145:. 7th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Automotive Control.
1014:
List of cars with available collision avoidance features
890:
Dynamic Radar Cruise Control with Curve Speed Management
547:
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism
458:, pedestrian protection, and city collision mitigation.
3893:
Intelligent Transportation Systems: Collision Avoidance
2819:"Mercedes-Benz launches first-ever car with "reflexes""
991:
system. All Volvo automobiles now come standard with a
747:, removing any slack, and pre-charges the brakes using
613:
2002: Mercedes' "Pre-Safe" system was exhibited at the
167:
According to Euro NCAP, AEB has three characteristics:
2149:. Vol. 46, no. 21. Tokyo. pp. 410–415.
2568:"Honda Announces a Full Model Change for the Inspire"
818:
2008: Improved driver monitoring system added on the
754:
2003 February: Toyota launched PCS in the redesigned
214:(ALKS) deals with avoiding some cases of collisions.
3244:"Toyota - Technical Development - Electronics Parts"
3238:
3236:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2865:
850:
drivers. It was not then available in U.S. markets.
815:
injuries if an imminent rear collision is detected.
138:
World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations
3418:"Toyota Launches Redesigned Crown Majesta in Japan"
2341:"Demand skyrockets for collision-avoidance sensors"
2046:
International Journal of Vehicle Autonomous Systems
224:describes a situation or an event which leads to a
3270:"Toyota Crown Majesta undergoes complete redesign"
2627:
2625:
2623:
882:Right/Left Turn Oncoming Vehicle Detection/Braking
3984:, self-driving vehicles and enabling technologies
3905:Acumine Collision Avoidance Safety System (ACASS)
3779:
3777:
3530:"oyota Develops New Pedestrian Safety Technology"
3449:(Press release). 26 February 2009. Archived from
3233:
2977:
2851:(Press release). 29 December 2014. Archived from
2463:(Press release). 12 December 2014. Archived from
1750:LIDAR#Object detection for transportation systems
200:
4524:
3394:(Press release). 22 January 2008. Archived from
2957:
2821:(Press release). 15 October 2002. Archived from
474:Collision warning and brake support on the 2009
4482:IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society
3701:"Volvo Trucks - Emergency braking at its best!"
3647:
2711:
2709:
2620:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
281:, the vehicle shall be brought to a standstill.
277:. When the vehicle is involved in a detectable
3774:
3554:(Press release). 21 March 2016. Archived from
3443:"Toyota Adds to Pre-crash Safety Technologies"
2633:"Honda Worldwide - World News - News Releases"
2401:(Press release). 27 April 2010. Archived from
2136:
2134:
723:2008 LS 600h forward PCS diagram, with radar (
688:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
188:
3966:
3785:"Creating a Global Market for Vehicle Safety"
2958:Umar Zakir Abdul, Hamid; et al. (2017).
2904:"Impact: Real Drivers. Life Changing Stories"
2574:(Press release). 18 June 2003. Archived from
2019:United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
1849:"What is a forward collision warning system?"
1668:
4472:VisLab Intercontinental Autonomous Challenge
3153:"FHI Reveals the Next Generation "EyeSight""
3147:
3145:
3143:
3112:
3110:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
2706:
2639:(Press release). 20 May 2003. Archived from
2192:
2190:
2071:
3927:"Nissan Safety Features & Technologies"
3876:Ratings of existing crash avoidance systems
2131:
1804:
493:' collision alert system was introduced in
381:
46:approaching a movable target performing an
3973:
3959:
3728:
2363:
2361:
2039:
1805:Lim, Hazel Si Min; Taeihagh, Araz (2019).
640:and adds a radar-based collision warning.
161:, using the same forward-looking sensors.
3140:
3107:
3071:
2998:(Press release). May 2013. Archived from
2187:
1905:"Volvo Collision Warning with Auto Brake"
1832:
1822:
1720:Advanced Automatic Collision Notification
273:without causing another one, it shall be
232:by a braking demand with lower than 5 m/s
58:Schematic of a collision avoidance system
3648:Falkenberg-Hull, Eileen (11 June 2021).
3594:
2338:
958:
915:
718:
585:emergency call center for added safety.
469:
126:Advanced emergency braking system (AEBS)
53:
38:
3724:
3722:
3621:
2367:
2358:
2286:
657:2013: Mercedes updated Pre-Safe on the
14:
4525:
3887:Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
3473:"Toyota Global Site - Technology File"
3026:Atiyeh, Clifford (12 September 2019).
3025:
3021:
3019:
3017:
2495:
2368:Naranjo, Michelle (25 February 2016).
1929:
1800:
1798:
3954:
3707:from the original on 21 December 2021
3595:Charniga, Kackie (21 December 2017).
2395:"Extensive safety in the new Audi A8"
878:Risk Avoidance Emergency Steer Assist
4391:Dedicated short-range communications
3756:"Der neue Nissan X-Ttrail Fahrzeuge"
3719:
2498:"Model Year 2014 Update Information"
1872:
1017:
834:linked brake assist function on the
588:
3946:Collision Avoidance System of TORSA
3792:Global New Car Assessment Programme
3624:"What is Lexus Safety System+ 3.0?"
3622:Wardlaw, Christian (14 June 2021).
3014:
2496:Russel, Matthew (16 October 2013).
2339:Sedgwick, David (13 October 2014).
1795:
980:also included the first pedestrian
375:Regulation 157 is related to ALKS.
24:
4078:Automated emergency braking system
3729:Szymkowski, Sean (18 March 2020).
3499:"Different driveway alert systems"
2320:(Press release). 21 September 2016
984:, when it was introduced in 2012.
963:Volvo City Safety multiple cameras
643:2006: the "Pre-Safe Brake" on the
25:
4544:
4100:Advanced driver-assistance system
4009:Intelligent transportation system
3845:
3527:
2548:(Press release). 15 December 2014
1792:Nissan Leaf 2018 Euro NCAP rating
1591:(starting with 2015 model year),
987:2013: Volvo introduced the first
573:and front cross traffic warning.
485:
132:Advanced emergency braking system
88:advanced driver-assistance system
4322:Safe speed automotive common law
2155:10.3182/20130904-4-JP-2042.00104
1932:"How Pre-Collision Systems Work"
1636:Porsche Cayenne (3rd Generation)
1021:
789:introduced in March 2006 on the
785:2006: Pre-collision system with
638:autonomous cruise control system
608:
559:eleventh-generation Honda Accord
76:forward collision warning system
4014:Context-aware pervasive systems
3813:
3748:
3693:
3677:(Press release). Archived from
3667:
3641:
3615:
3588:
3570:
3540:
3521:
3491:
3465:
3435:
3410:
3380:
3343:
3317:
3287:
3262:
3215:
3197:
3171:
3045:
2951:
2935:(Press release). Archived from
2921:
2896:
2859:
2837:
2811:
2785:
2760:
2734:
2680:
2655:
2604:(Press release). Archived from
2590:
2560:
2534:
2508:
2489:
2471:
2449:
2430:(Press release). Archived from
2417:
2387:
2332:
2306:
2280:
2262:
2219:
2161:
2106:
2033:
1873:Wong, S.Y. (13 February 2008).
1029:This transport-related list is
920:Laser sensor of a Volkswagen Up
107:) to detect an imminent crash.
4411:Radio-frequency identification
4135:Automated Lane Keeping Systems
3185:(Press release). 17 April 2012
3159:(Press release). 22 April 2010
3128:(Press release). 16 March 2012
3095:(Press release). 22 April 2010
2287:Francis, Sam (19 April 2019).
2114:"Autonomous Emergency Braking"
2004:
1975:
1949:
1930:Fuller, John (22 April 2009).
1923:
1897:
1866:
1841:
1786:
1001:auto brake at the intersection
446:introduced two systems on the
364:
345:automated lane-keeping systems
212:Automated Lane Keeping Systems
207:Automated Lane Keeping Systems
201:Automated lane keeping Systems
13:
1:
4327:Automated lane keeping system
4068:Lane departure warning system
3122:Unique Driving Assist System"
2485:(Press release). 25 May 2012.
1780:
1745:Lane departure warning system
924:2010: "Front Assist" on 2011
911:
4447:American Center for Mobility
4416:Automotive navigation system
4204:, formerly Google Car (2012)
4151:Automotive navigation system
4110:Intelligent speed adaptation
3999:History of self-driving cars
2293:Robotics and Automation News
2040:Kanarachos, Stratis (2009).
2021:. 4 February 2020. p. 8
1740:Electronic stability control
937:Multi-collision brake system
652:Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W212)
623:electronic stability control
571:collision mitigation braking
536:. This system uses 3D maps,
250:risk and has the purpose of
217:ALKS defines some concepts:
116:autonomous emergency braking
95:(all-weather) and sometimes
48:Autonomous Emergency Braking
7:
4533:Vehicle safety technologies
4105:Driver drowsiness detection
4004:Impact of self-driving cars
2845:"Innovation as a tradition"
1707:
563:sixth-generation Honda CR-V
452:driver drowsiness detection
189:Emergency steering function
146:automated emergency braking
84:collision mitigation system
10:
4549:
4345:Self-driving car liability
4249:Automated guideway transit
4083:Collision avoidance system
3916:Euro NCAP's fitment survey
3295:"(Really Playing it Safe)"
2692:Paul Tan's Automotive News
2254:: CS1 maint: url-status (
1682:New Car Assessment Program
1669:New car assessment program
886:Oncoming Vehicle Detection
254:or mitigating a collision.
204:
129:
64:collision avoidance system
29:
4490:
4477:Eureka Prometheus Project
4457:European Land-Robot Trial
4435:
4424:
4376:Artificial neural network
4351:
4339:
4332:Regulation (EU) 2019/2144
4302:
4239:
4170:
4163:
4123:
4056:
4047:
4024:Smart, connected products
3989:
2058:10.1504/IJVAS.2009.027968
1312:, all models (since 2019)
999:2015: "IntelliSafe" with
714:
693:
665:
543:Level 3 automated driving
103:) and cameras (employing
18:Forward collision warning
4396:Real-time Control System
4275:Freightliner Inspiration
4140:Vehicular ad hoc network
3503:drivewayalertsystems.net
2147:IFAC Proceedings Volumes
954:
869:in its 15th generation.
787:Driver Monitoring System
778:2004: In July 2004, the
756:Japanese domestic market
505:
382:Automobile manufacturers
244:Emergency Manoeuvre (EM)
148:in some jurisdictions).
4224:Yandex self-driving car
4126:the driving environment
4093:Adaptive cruise control
4059:the driving environment
3325:"Toyota: News Releases"
1730:Automotive night vision
1715:Adaptive cruise control
1694:
876:. The suite contains a
465:
417:
222:Imminent collision risk
159:adaptive cruise control
4381:Computer stereo vision
4329:(unece regulation 157)
4057:Human driver monitors
3933:. US. 16 December 2019
2479:"The new BMW 7 Series"
964:
944:Volkswagen Passat (B8)
921:
736:
636:, it incorporates the
595:lane departure warning
545:, approved by Japan's
534:Honda Legend Hybrid EX
478:
456:lane departure warning
437:
362:
340:
323:
304:
289:
262:
240:
59:
51:
27:Motorcar safety system
4467:DARPA Grand Challenge
4290:Mobility as a service
4240:Buses and commercial
3227:Automotive Industries
1909:The Volvo Owners Club
1449:Mercedes-Benz B Class
962:
919:
906:Intelligent High Beam
722:
473:
341:
324:
305:
290:
263:
241:
219:
57:
42:
4034:Ambient intelligence
4029:Ubiquitous computing
3715:– via YouTube.
2855:on 29 December 2014.
2405:on 21 September 2010
2399:Bosch Media Services
2095:. UK. Archived from
1035:adding missing items
898:Pre-Collision System
432:Second generation Q7
4508:Anthony Levandowski
4190:General Motors EN-V
3881:14 May 2019 at the
3829:European Commission
3801:on 11 November 2020
3509:on 18 February 2017
2643:on 29 December 2014
2608:on 30 December 2014
2236:. 14 September 2017
2207:. 14 September 2017
2175:. Stockholm, Sweden
1511:(1.5 Advance), 2017
1167:: Tenth generation
949:Volkswagen Golf Mk8
933:Volkswagen Golf Mk7
70:), also known as a
32:collision avoidance
4285:Self-driving truck
4280:Driverless tractor
4115:Blind spot monitor
4039:Internet of things
3453:on 27 October 2016
3305:on 27 October 2008
3274:theautochannel.com
3059:. 15 December 2019
2939:on 12 January 2015
2234:United Nations ECE
1992:. 27 February 2014
1879:mydigitallife.info
1834:10.3390/su11205791
1755:Blind spot monitor
1581:, PRECRS, JDM only
1033:; you can help by
965:
926:Volkswagen Touareg
922:
737:
674:brand offers both
599:blind spot monitor
479:
60:
52:
4520:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4386:Image recognition
4298:
4297:
4159:
4158:
4073:Automatic parking
3982:Self-driving cars
3552:Toyota Press Room
3528:Crowe, Phillipe.
3477:toyota-global.com
3248:toyota-global.com
3209:toyota-global.com
3002:on 3 January 2015
2933:emercedesbenz.com
2825:on 8 October 2007
2797:jaguarboerne.com/
2598:"Honda Worldwide"
2461:Audi Media Center
2425:"The new Audi A8"
2093:Thatcham Research
1656:Volkswagen Golf R
1503:Nissan Pathfinder
1051:
1050:
989:cyclist detection
603:blind spot assist
589:Jaguar Land Rover
527:2014 Honda Legend
105:image recognition
16:(Redirected from
4540:
4433:
4432:
4184:Spirit of Berlin
4168:
4167:
4124:System monitors
4054:
4053:
4019:Mobile computing
3975:
3968:
3961:
3952:
3951:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3863:on 4 August 2011
3859:. Archived from
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3826:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3800:
3794:. Archived from
3789:
3781:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3726:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3584:. 21 March 2016.
3574:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3505:. Archived from
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3422:worldcarfans.com
3414:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3367:
3361:. Archived from
3356:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3301:. Archived from
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3240:
3231:
3230:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3149:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3114:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3090:
3082:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3023:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2988:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2883:
2877:. Archived from
2872:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2713:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2629:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2504:(Press release).
2493:
2487:
2486:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2437:on 3 August 2017
2436:
2429:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2374:Consumer Reports
2365:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2253:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2231:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2202:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2138:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2090:
2082:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2016:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1987:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1911:. 29 August 2007
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1881:. Archived from
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1826:
1802:
1793:
1790:
1612:Volkswagen Group
1046:
1043:
1025:
1024:
1018:
894:Road Sign Assist
734:
726:
615:Paris Motor Show
499:Chevrolet Impala
360:
338:
321:
302:
287:
260:
238:
72:pre-crash system
21:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4512:
4486:
4439:
4437:
4436:Organizations,
4428:
4427:Projects &
4426:
4425:Organizations,
4420:
4353:
4347:
4335:
4294:
4241:
4235:
4218:LUTZ Pathfinder
4155:
4127:
4125:
4119:
4060:
4058:
4043:
3991:
3985:
3979:
3936:
3934:
3925:
3889:, January 2017.
3883:Wayback Machine
3866:
3864:
3851:
3848:
3843:
3833:
3831:
3824:
3818:
3814:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3775:
3765:
3763:
3762:(Press release)
3754:
3753:
3749:
3739:
3737:
3727:
3720:
3710:
3708:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3684:
3682:
3681:on 20 July 2011
3673:
3672:
3668:
3658:
3656:
3646:
3642:
3632:
3630:
3620:
3616:
3606:
3604:
3601:Automotive news
3593:
3589:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3561:
3559:
3558:on 4 April 2016
3546:
3545:
3541:
3526:
3522:
3512:
3510:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3482:
3480:
3479:(Press release)
3471:
3470:
3466:
3456:
3454:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3426:
3424:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3401:
3399:
3398:on 4 March 2016
3386:
3385:
3381:
3371:
3369:
3368:on 4 March 2016
3365:
3354:
3348:
3344:
3334:
3332:
3331:(Press release)
3323:
3322:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3278:
3276:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3253:
3251:
3250:(Press release)
3242:
3241:
3234:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3186:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3162:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3141:
3131:
3129:
3116:
3115:
3108:
3098:
3096:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3034:
3024:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2990:
2989:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2910:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2887:
2885:
2884:on 4 March 2016
2881:
2875:DaimlerChrysler
2870:
2864:
2860:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2800:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2776:
2774:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2723:
2715:
2714:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2631:
2630:
2621:
2611:
2609:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2578:on 24 June 2003
2566:
2565:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2525:
2523:
2522:(Press release)
2514:
2513:
2509:
2494:
2490:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2467:on 19 May 2019.
2455:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2366:
2359:
2349:
2347:
2345:Automotive News
2337:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2285:
2281:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2247:
2246:
2239:
2237:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2139:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1963:. 17 March 2016
1955:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1885:on 6 March 2011
1871:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1803:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1774:trolley problem
1760:Intelligent Car
1710:
1697:
1671:
1666:
1248:Transit Connect
1047:
1041:
1038:
1022:
1016:
973:head up display
957:
914:
902:Lane Assistance
826:2008: PCS with
732:
724:
717:
696:
668:
611:
591:
508:
488:
468:
440:
420:
384:
367:
361:
358:
339:
336:
322:
319:
303:
300:
294:avoid collision
288:
285:
261:
258:
239:
236:
209:
203:
191:
134:
128:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4546:
4536:
4535:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4503:Alberto Broggi
4500:
4498:Harold Goddijn
4494:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4443:
4441:
4430:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4357:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4308:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4245:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4208:Tesla Model S
4205:
4199:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4174:
4172:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4137:
4131:
4129:
4128:(Levels 3,4,5)
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4088:Cruise control
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4064:
4062:
4061:(Levels 0,1,2)
4051:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3978:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3890:
3873:
3847:
3846:External links
3844:
3842:
3841:
3812:
3773:
3747:
3718:
3692:
3666:
3640:
3614:
3587:
3569:
3539:
3534:hybridcars.com
3520:
3490:
3464:
3434:
3409:
3379:
3342:
3316:
3299:Designnews.com
3286:
3261:
3232:
3214:
3196:
3170:
3139:
3106:
3070:
3044:
3032:Car and Driver
3013:
2976:
2950:
2920:
2895:
2858:
2836:
2810:
2799:. 13 July 2018
2784:
2759:
2733:
2705:
2694:. 4 March 2021
2679:
2654:
2619:
2589:
2559:
2533:
2507:
2488:
2470:
2448:
2416:
2386:
2357:
2331:
2305:
2279:
2261:
2218:
2205:United Nations
2186:
2160:
2130:
2105:
2102:on 1 May 2018.
2070:
2032:
2003:
1990:United Nations
1974:
1948:
1922:
1896:
1865:
1840:
1811:Sustainability
1794:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1725:Autonomous car
1722:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1696:
1693:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1658:
1609:
1603:
1582:
1572:
1535:
1522:
1512:
1506:
1487:Nissan X-Trail
1480:
1467:
1442:
1413:
1380:
1354:
1348:
1323:
1313:
1263:
1250:
1193:
1187:
1162:
1149:
1140:
1111:
1085:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1028:
1026:
1015:
1012:
956:
953:
913:
910:
808:shock absorber
716:
713:
695:
692:
667:
664:
610:
607:
590:
587:
507:
504:
491:General Motors
487:
486:General Motors
484:
467:
464:
439:
436:
419:
416:
383:
380:
366:
363:
356:
334:
317:
298:
283:
269:can be safely
256:
234:
205:Main article:
202:
199:
190:
187:
179:
178:
175:
172:
130:Main article:
127:
124:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4545:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4434:
4431:
4423:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
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4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4264:Navia shuttle
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4238:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4196:MadeInGermany
4194:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4146:Connected car
4144:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4122:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
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4098:
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4090:
4089:
4086:
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4040:
4037:
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4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3990:Overview and
3988:
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3964:
3962:
3957:
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3953:
3947:
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3932:
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3914:
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3877:
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3858:
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3850:
3849:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3797:
3793:
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3780:
3778:
3761:
3757:
3751:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3723:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3655:
3651:
3644:
3629:
3625:
3618:
3602:
3598:
3591:
3583:
3582:autoguide.com
3579:
3573:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3535:
3531:
3524:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3478:
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3444:
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3210:
3206:
3200:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3158:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3120:[sic]
3113:
3111:
3094:
3087:
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3054:
3048:
3033:
3029:
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3001:
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2722:
2718:
2712:
2710:
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2683:
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2664:
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2628:
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2607:
2603:
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2503:
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2492:
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2400:
2396:
2390:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2362:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2319:
2318:Business Wire
2315:
2309:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2257:
2251:
2235:
2228:
2222:
2206:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2135:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2020:
2013:
2007:
1991:
1984:
1978:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1937:
1936:HowStuffWorks
1933:
1926:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1854:
1850:
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1835:
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1825:
1820:
1816:
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1801:
1799:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1771:
1770:Moral Machine
1768:
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1659:
1657:
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1649:
1645:
1641:
1640:Porsche Macan
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1598:
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1534:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1520:
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1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1499:Nissan Altima
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1445:Mercedes-Benz
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
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1188:
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4354:technologies
4317:IEEE 802.11p
4230:Honda Legend
4209:
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2721:hondanews.eu
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2667:Honda Global
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1853:safercar.gov
1852:
1843:
1817:(20): 5791.
1814:
1810:
1788:
1765:GPS tracking
1735:Brake Assist
1702:
1698:
1689:
1686:
1672:
1663:: all models
1652:Skoda Citigo
1509:Perodua Myvi
1491:Nissan Rogue
1489:Tekna, 2015
1478:Pajero Sport
1353:: All Models
1192:: All models
1042:October 2021
1039:
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4312:Legislation
4259:ParkShuttle
3513:17 February
2996:daimler.com
2441:17 February
2379:21 February
2350:10 February
2324:10 February
2298:10 February
1967:21 February
1941:21 February
1858:21 February
1495:Nissan LEAF
1391:Continental
1363:from 2003,
1138:Mini Cooper
1102:from 2010,
1098:from 2011,
1094:from 2013,
741:radar-based
680:radar-based
676:laser-based
495:GMC Terrain
476:Lincoln MKS
409:Continental
365:Regulations
44:Nissan Leaf
4440:and events
4304:Regulation
4049:SAE Levels
3766:25 January
3711:25 January
3628:J.D. Power
3483:25 January
3427:25 January
3335:25 January
3006:25 January
2943:25 January
2913:25 January
2772:jaguar.com
2647:25 January
2612:25 January
2582:19 January
2526:25 January
2211:31 January
2179:3 November
2173:vinnova.se
1996:3 November
1824:1910.13122
1781:References
1470:Mitsubishi
1031:incomplete
1005:Volvo XC90
912:Volkswagen
832:navigation
801:2006: the
795:CCD camera
745:seat belts
735:) coverage
4438:projects
4352:Enabling
4340:Liability
4212:Autopilot
3760:nissan.ch
3654:News Week
3057:USA Today
2908:mbusa.com
2637:honda.com
2602:honda.com
2483:BMW Group
2274:unece.org
2118:Euro NCAP
1674:Euro NCAP
1550:Crosstrek
1548:(2022+),
1525:SsangYong
1474:Outlander
1453:CLA Class
1411:Navigator
1322:from 2016
1310:Ridgeline
1181:Silverado
1165:Chevrolet
1114:BMW Group
1110:from 2015
670:Nissan's
353:collision
313:collision
279:collision
267:collision
248:collision
226:collision
4527:Category
4269:NuTonomy
4254:CAVForth
4242:vehicles
4164:Vehicles
3937:10 April
3879:Archived
3867:17 March
3857:AutoWeek
3705:Archived
3562:31 March
3457:10 March
3402:10 March
3372:10 March
3309:10 March
2969:14 March
2888:10 March
2829:14 March
2752:1 August
2726:1 August
2698:1 August
2672:1 August
2552:10 March
2250:cite web
1961:cars.com
1915:11 April
1889:10 April
1708:See also
1648:SEAT Mii
1554:Forester
1501:(2019),
1497:(2019),
1407:Nautilus
1375:(2008),
1371:(2005),
1367:(2005),
1326:Infiniti
1302:Passport
1212:F-Series
1173:Traverse
1152:Cadillac
1134:7 Series
1130:5 Series
1126:4 Series
1122:3 Series
1118:2 Series
874:Lexus NX
813:whiplash
803:Lexus LS
793:using a
672:Infiniti
621:. Using
583:HELPNET®
549:(MLIT).
448:7 Series
442:In 2012
401:Mobileye
357:—
335:—
318:—
299:—
284:—
257:—
252:avoiding
235:—
140:defines
86:, is an
3992:context
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3901:, 2011.
3895:, 2004.
3659:15 July
3633:15 July
3279:4 April
3254:4 April
3229:. 2004.
2849:Daimler
2803:6 April
2777:6 April
2409:29 July
2063:29 July
2025:31 July
1632:Audi A8
1628:Audi A7
1624:Audi A6
1620:Audi A5
1616:Audi A4
1601:Model Y
1597:Model 3
1593:Model X
1589:Model S
1579:Kizashi
1566:Outback
1558:Impreza
1515:Peugeot
1493:(2019)
1465:M Class
1461:S-Class
1457:E-Class
1395:Corsair
1387:Aviator
1383:Lincoln
1320:Elantra
1316:Hyundai
1298:Odyssey
1294:Insight
1278:Clarity
1261:Terrain
1236:Mustang
1208:Everest
1177:Equinox
1158:, 2013
1154:: 2013
1147:Enclave
1083:Integra
904:and an
798:belts.
766:Celsior
759:Harrier
619:S-Class
512:Inspire
428:Audi A8
275:avoided
271:avoided
230:avoided
4491:People
4462:Navlab
4429:People
4232:(2021)
4226:(2017)
4220:(2015)
4214:(2015)
4198:(2011)
4192:(2010)
4186:(2007)
4180:(1994)
3931:Nissan
3834:8 June
3805:8 June
3740:6 June
3685:2 June
3607:8 June
3359:Toyota
3189:1 June
3183:Subaru
3163:1 June
3157:Subaru
3132:1 June
3126:Subaru
3099:1 June
3093:Subaru
3063:6 June
3037:6 June
2748:. 2023
2123:8 June
1678:C-NCAP
1644:VW Up!
1606:Toyota
1575:Suzuki
1562:Legacy
1542:Ascent
1538:Subaru
1533:Tivoli
1529:Rexton
1521:, 2014
1505:(2020)
1483:Nissan
1428:Mazda6
1424:Mazda3
1420:Mazda2
1379:(2014)
1270:Accord
1257:Acadia
1244:Taurus
1240:Ranger
1228:Fusion
1216:Fiesta
1204:Escape
1169:Impala
1003:. The
982:airbag
942:2014:
931:2012:
841:2009:
727:) and
715:Toyota
694:Subaru
666:Nissan
579:Accord
407:, and
393:Delphi
150:UN ECE
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4371:LIDAR
4366:Laser
4361:Radar
4202:Waymo
4142:(V2V)
3825:(PDF)
3799:(PDF)
3788:(PDF)
3366:(PDF)
3355:(PDF)
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2572:Honda
2435:(PDF)
2428:(PDF)
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2201:(PDF)
2100:(PDF)
2089:(PDF)
2015:(PDF)
1986:(PDF)
1819:arXiv
1661:Volvo
1585:Tesla
1416:Mazda
1357:Lexus
1306:Pilot
1274:Civic
1266:Honda
1224:Focus
1190:Dodge
1143:Buick
1056:Acura
993:lidar
955:Volvo
884:, an
867:Crown
843:Crown
836:Crown
820:Crown
516:Acura
506:Honda
424:radar
397:Denso
389:Bosch
349:avoid
309:avoid
101:LIDAR
97:laser
93:radar
4452:DAVI
4271:taxi
4210:with
4178:VaMP
4171:Cars
3939:2020
3869:2006
3836:2019
3807:2019
3768:2015
3742:2020
3735:CNET
3713:2015
3687:2010
3661:2021
3635:2021
3609:2019
3603:. US
3564:2016
3515:2017
3485:2015
3459:2016
3429:2015
3404:2016
3374:2016
3337:2015
3311:2016
3281:2015
3256:2015
3191:2017
3165:2017
3134:2017
3101:2017
3065:2020
3039:2020
3008:2015
2971:2018
2945:2015
2915:2015
2890:2016
2831:2013
2805:2021
2779:2021
2754:2024
2728:2024
2700:2024
2674:2024
2649:2015
2614:2015
2584:2015
2554:2016
2528:2015
2443:2010
2411:2015
2381:2020
2352:2020
2326:2020
2300:2020
2256:link
2242:2024
2213:2024
2181:2019
2125:2019
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2027:2020
1998:2019
1969:2020
1943:2020
1917:2020
1891:2020
1860:2020
1772:and
1695:Cost
1676:and
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1436:CX-5
1432:CX-3
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1200:Edge
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