153:
837:
845:
17:
419:
98:
136:
to administer to the spiritual necessities of my converts, and so I have interested myself in the manufacture of this beautiful porcelain, which is so highly prized, and is sent to all parts of the world. Nothing but my curiosity could ever have prompted me to such researches, but it appears to me
121:. D'Entrecolles used direct observation at the kilns, as well as the technical knowledge of some of his converts, and also directly consulted Chinese technical sources, thought to be the 1682 printing of the
128:
D'Entrecolles sent back to Father Orry, S.J., Procator of the Jesuit missions in China and the Indies, a detailed, very comprehensive and well-structured letter to communicate his findings:
259:
279:
The letters were sent to Father Louis-François Orry, treasurer in Paris of the Jesuit missions to China and India, who soon had them published in the Jesuit missions' annual report
836:
137:
that a minute description of all that concerns this kind of work might, somehow, be useful in Europe." Introduction of "The
Letters of Père d'Entrecolles".
266:
1094:
996:
981:
535:
844:
1435:
1406:
117:
before him in 1708) had already discovered the secret of hard-paste porcelain manufacture, which led to the establishment of the
1006:
152:
54:. His observations were published in a long letter in 1712, and carefully studied in several European countries, even though
1441:
1298:
714:
647:
632:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1226:
1459:
1166:
674:
1370:
427:
114:
1148:
192:
1453:
1402:
1118:
815:
89:
D'Entrecolles was then
Superior of the French Residence in Beijing from 1722 to 1732. He died in Beijing in 1741.
1184:
1172:
869:
1232:
222:
1142:
809:
398:, the famous English porcelain manufacturer, is known to have copied extracts of d'Entrecolles' work in his
1417:
1262:
943:
252:
1292:
287:
in 1735, with
English editions appearing in 1736 or 1738. The letters were later again published by Abbé
1375:
110:
1280:
1100:
186:
1465:
1082:
874:
709:
352:
514:
16:
667:
97:
1220:
1190:
966:
779:
371:
284:
216:
102:
1429:
591:
559:
533:
493:
1160:
1106:
1088:
1040:
573:
476:
432:
288:
168:
79:
1268:
300:
1504:
1499:
1447:
1411:
1365:
1334:
1324:
1319:
773:
403:
348:
59:
20:
1112:
8:
1286:
1076:
1064:
228:
180:
174:
50:
with the help of
Chinese Catholic converts between 1712 and 1722, during the rule of the
1477:
1471:
1130:
1124:
660:
307:
198:
422:
1712 letter of d'Entrecolles about the
Chinese manufacture of Porcelain, 1819 edition.
1385:
1344:
1202:
1154:
1046:
643:
628:
341:
210:
118:
55:
86:, he then became Superior General of the French Jesuits in China from 1706 to 1719.
1256:
1214:
1196:
1070:
1052:
1028:
1001:
821:
803:
704:
356:
204:
144:
75:
418:
1423:
1244:
1136:
1034:
896:
791:
579:
539:
395:
306:
In
England, his work encouraged the creation of various porcelain works, such as
162:
388:
1339:
1208:
901:
785:
332:, and manufactured artificial flowers and synthetic pearls, and practised oral
295:. D'Entrecolles also sent material specimens to Europe, which were analysed by
51:
1493:
1250:
1011:
737:
719:
362:
D'Entrecolles was also a translator of
Chinese scientific works into French.
1349:
767:
1058:
347:
As a result of d'Entrecolles' work, which has sometimes been described as
66:("Father d'Entrecolles"), and he is still very often referred to as this.
960:
916:
911:
797:
333:
1329:
891:
281:
Lettres édifiantes et curieuses de Chine par des missionnaires jésuites
133:
109:
Independently of d'Entrecolles, but unknown to him, in 1710 the German
47:
495:
Needles, herbs, gods, and ghosts: China, healing, and the West to 1848
296:
761:
755:
683:
329:
43:
355:
soon shrank considerably, especially by the end of the reign of the
340:. In 1734 d'Entrecolles also discussed how the Chinese manufactured
1178:
906:
749:
402:. D'Entrecolles' work was also reproduced, without attribution, in
337:
1274:
1238:
743:
383:
314:
83:
35:
101:
Section of the letter from d'Entrecolles, 1712, re-published by
78:
in 1682. He arrived in China in 1698 to become a member of the
39:
328:
D'Entrecolles also wrote letters about how the
Chinese raised
652:
42:
priest, who learned the
Chinese technique of manufacturing
31:
561:
Chinese glazes: their origins, chemistry, and recreation
23:
dish, which was studied by
Francois Xavier d'Entrecolles
640:
The pilgrim art. Cultures of porcelain in world history
516:
A history of pottery and porcelain: mediæval and modern
370:
Following the publication by Father Orry, and later by
62:
in Germany by then. The letter's author was given as
1491:
840:Ming plate 15th century Jingdezhen kilns Jiangxi
303:once equivalent materials were found in Europe.
606:
604:
602:
38:; Chinese name: 殷弘绪, Yin Hongxu) was a French
668:
480:by Rose Kerr, Nigel Wood, Joseph Needham p.37
260:
599:
593:Following the steps of Matteo Ricci to China
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
460:
92:
675:
661:
408:Universal Dictionary of Trade and Commerce
267:
253:
510:
508:
506:
504:
457:
445:
489:
487:
417:
378:(1735), d'Entrecolles' account was used
283:(1702–76). They were again published by
96:
15:
46:through his investigations in China at
1492:
1007:Chinese porcelain in European painting
501:
317:to take new responsibilities in 1723.
299:, and led to the establishment of the
715:Chinese influences on Islamic pottery
656:
484:
132:"From time to time I have stayed in
575:China's last Empire: The Great Qing
376:Description de l'Empire de la Chine
69:
13:
1371:Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus
843:
835:
642:, University of California Press,
625:Orientalism in Early Modern France
530:Porcelain, Its Art and Manufacture
428:Orientalism in early modern France
313:D'Entrecolles left Jingdezhen for
115:Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus
14:
1531:
816:Famille jaune, noire, rose, verte
1430:Kuskovo State Museum of Ceramics
848:Meissen hard porcelain vase 1735
151:
585:
567:
553:
544:
532:, B.T. Batsford, London, 1906
522:
323:
1:
1436:Sèvres – Cité de la céramique
1381:François Xavier d'Entrecolles
682:
617:
241:François Xavier d'Entrecolles
119:Meissen Porcelain Manufactory
82:. Initially proselytizing in
28:François Xavier d'Entrecolles
1418:Dresden Porcelain Collection
353:Chinese exports of porcelain
320:He died in Beijing in 1741.
293:General Description of China
7:
1520:French expatriates in China
1515:18th-century French Jesuits
1510:17th-century French Jesuits
623:Baghdiantz McAbe, Ina 2008
413:
10:
1536:
1460:Victoria and Albert Museum
74:D'Entrecolles entered the
1466:Museum of Royal Worcester
1442:Musée des Arts Décoratifs
1407:Percival David Foundation
1401:British Museum (London):
1394:
1358:
1312:
1021:
989:
980:
953:
936:
929:
884:
875:Japanese export porcelain
862:
855:
833:
730:
697:
690:
635:, Berg Publishing, Oxford
365:
1376:Johann Friedrich Böttger
710:Chinese export porcelain
438:
111:Johann Friedrich Böttger
93:Manufacture of porcelain
518:by Joseph Marryat p.190
849:
841:
423:
406:'s widely influential
372:Jean-Baptiste du Halde
285:Jean-Baptiste Du Halde
139:
106:
103:Jean-Baptiste du Halde
24:
847:
839:
638:Finley, Robert, 2010
595:by Xiping Zhang p.164
497:Linda L. Barnes p.101
433:Jesuit China missions
421:
289:Jean-Baptiste Grosier
130:
100:
80:Jesuit China missions
19:
1412:The David Collection
1335:Overglaze decoration
1325:Hard-paste porcelain
1320:Soft-paste porcelain
563:Nigel Wood p.240-241
404:Malachy Postlethwayt
382:with attribution in
349:Industrial espionage
60:hard-paste porcelain
21:Jingdezhen porcelain
1269:Bing & Grøndahl
1233:Dihl & Guérhard
1131:Villeroy & Boch
123:Fu-liang Hsien Chih
58:was already making
1478:Ludwigsburg Palace
1472:Walters Art Museum
870:Japanese porcelain
850:
842:
740:(16th century BCE)
538:2010-06-21 at the
478:Ceramic technology
424:
308:Plymouth porcelain
301:Sèvres Manufactory
107:
64:Père d'Entrecolles
25:
1487:
1486:
1386:Dmitry Vinogradov
1308:
1307:
1281:Wagner & Apel
997:List of companies
976:
975:
925:
924:
831:
830:
788:(14th century on)
782:(14th century on)
776:(11th century on)
705:Chinese porcelain
648:978-0-520-24468-9
633:978-1-84520-374-0
528:William Burton's
277:
276:
223:Dihl and Guérhard
56:Meissen porcelain
1527:
1095:Saint Petersburg
1002:French porcelain
987:
986:
944:Korean porcelain
934:
933:
860:
859:
695:
694:
677:
670:
663:
654:
653:
611:
608:
597:
589:
583:
571:
565:
557:
551:
548:
542:
526:
520:
512:
499:
491:
482:
474:
455:
449:
400:Commonplace Book
357:Qianlong Emperor
269:
262:
255:
155:
145:French porcelain
141:
140:
76:Society of Jesus
70:Religious career
1535:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1424:Gardiner Museum
1403:Asia Department
1390:
1354:
1304:
1245:Hutschenreuther
1017:
1014:
972:
949:
946:
921:
880:
877:
851:
827:
726:
723:
686:
681:
620:
615:
614:
609:
600:
590:
586:
580:William T. Rowe
572:
568:
558:
554:
549:
545:
540:Wayback Machine
527:
523:
513:
502:
492:
485:
475:
458:
450:
446:
441:
416:
396:Josiah Wedgwood
368:
326:
273:
95:
72:
12:
11:
5:
1533:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1454:Topkapı Palace
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1340:China painting
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1004:
999:
993:
991:
984:
978:
977:
974:
973:
971:
970:
969:(14th century)
964:
963:(10th century)
957:
955:
951:
950:
948:
947:
940:
938:
931:
927:
926:
923:
922:
920:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
888:
886:
882:
881:
879:
878:
872:
866:
864:
857:
853:
852:
834:
832:
829:
828:
826:
825:
824:(18th century)
819:
818:(17th century)
813:
812:(17th century)
807:
806:(17th century)
801:
800:(16th century)
795:
794:(16th century)
789:
786:Blanc de Chine
783:
780:Blue and white
777:
771:
770:(12th century)
765:
764:(10th century)
759:
753:
747:
741:
734:
732:
728:
727:
725:
724:
717:
712:
707:
701:
699:
692:
688:
687:
680:
679:
672:
665:
657:
651:
650:
636:
619:
616:
613:
612:
598:
584:
566:
552:
543:
521:
500:
483:
456:
443:
442:
440:
437:
436:
435:
430:
415:
412:
367:
364:
325:
322:
275:
274:
272:
271:
264:
257:
249:
246:
245:
244:
243:
235:
234:
233:
232:
226:
220:
214:
213:(1771–present)
208:
207:(1768–present)
202:
196:
195:(1756–present)
190:
184:
178:
172:
166:
157:
156:
148:
147:
113:(and possibly
94:
91:
71:
68:
52:Kangxi Emperor
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1532:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1480:(Ludwigsburg)
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1448:Palace Museum
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1013:
1012:Armorial ware
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
992:
988:
985:
983:
979:
968:
965:
962:
959:
958:
956:
952:
945:
942:
941:
939:
935:
932:
928:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
889:
887:
883:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
865:
861:
858:
854:
846:
838:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
758:(6th century)
757:
754:
752:(2nd century)
751:
748:
746:(1st century)
745:
742:
739:
738:Proto-celadon
736:
735:
733:
729:
721:
720:Fonthill Vase
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
700:
696:
693:
689:
685:
678:
673:
671:
666:
664:
659:
658:
655:
649:
645:
641:
637:
634:
630:
626:
622:
621:
607:
605:
603:
596:
594:
588:
581:
577:
576:
570:
564:
562:
556:
547:
541:
537:
534:
531:
525:
519:
517:
511:
509:
507:
505:
498:
496:
490:
488:
481:
479:
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
454:
451:McCabe, p.220
448:
444:
434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
420:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
391:
390:
385:
381:
377:
373:
363:
360:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
321:
318:
316:
311:
309:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
270:
265:
263:
258:
256:
251:
250:
248:
247:
242:
239:
238:
237:
236:
230:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
159:
158:
154:
150:
149:
146:
143:
142:
138:
135:
134:Ching-tê-chên
129:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
104:
99:
90:
87:
85:
81:
77:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
18:
1414:(Copenhagen)
1380:
1350:Factory mark
1313:Technologies
1221:Clignancourt
639:
624:
610:Finlay, p.18
592:
587:
574:
569:
560:
555:
550:Finley, p.18
546:
529:
524:
515:
494:
477:
452:
447:
407:
399:
394:
389:Encyclopédie
387:
379:
375:
369:
361:
346:
327:
319:
312:
305:
292:
280:
278:
240:
217:Clignancourt
131:
127:
122:
108:
88:
73:
63:
27:
26:
1505:1741 deaths
1500:1664 births
1474:(Baltimore)
1468:(Worcester)
1395:Collections
1161:Ludwigsburg
1143:Frankenthal
1119:Nymphenburg
1113:Fürstenberg
1089:Capodimonte
1041:Saint-Cloud
410:(1757–74).
392:(1751–72).
334:vaccination
324:Other works
231:(1783–1835)
225:(1781–1828)
219:(1775–1790)
177:(1730–1800)
171:(1693–1766)
169:Saint-Cloud
1494:Categories
1456:(Istanbul)
1330:Bone china
1215:Copenhagen
1209:Loosdrecht
1191:Wallendorf
774:Jingdezhen
618:References
48:Jingdezhen
34:– 1741 in
1450:(Beijing)
1426:(Toronto)
1420:(Dresden)
1293:Porsgrund
1287:Rosenthal
1227:Hollóháza
1137:Worcester
1077:Vincennes
1065:Chantilly
1059:Rörstrand
902:Nabeshima
684:Porcelain
330:silkworms
189:(1745–65)
183:(1740–56)
181:Vincennes
175:Chantilly
165:(1673–96)
44:porcelain
30:(1664 in
1462:(London)
1432:(Moscow)
1366:Chinamen
1299:Augarten
1179:Wedgwood
1125:Plymouth
990:General:
937:General:
907:Kakiemon
863:General:
698:General:
536:Archived
414:See also
380:verbatim
338:smallpox
336:against
201:(1766–?)
199:Etiolles
105:in 1735.
1444:(Paris)
1438:(Paris)
1345:Biscuit
1275:Zsolnay
1251:Doulton
1239:Mintons
1203:Limoges
1101:Mennecy
1083:Chelsea
1047:Meissen
768:Qingbai
744:Celadon
384:Diderot
374:in his
342:mercury
315:Beijing
297:Réaumur
291:in his
211:Limoges
187:Mennecy
84:Jiangxi
36:Beijing
1359:People
1301:(1923)
1295:(1885)
1289:(1879)
1283:(1877)
1277:(1853)
1271:(1853)
1265:(1826)
1263:Herend
1259:(1822)
1257:Lichte
1253:(1815)
1247:(1814)
1241:(1793)
1235:(1781)
1229:(1777)
1223:(1775)
1217:(1775)
1211:(1774)
1205:(1771)
1199:(1768)
1193:(1764)
1187:(1763)
1185:Berlin
1181:(1759)
1175:(1760)
1173:Retiro
1169:(1759)
1163:(1758)
1157:(1757)
1151:(1756)
1149:Sèvres
1145:(1755)
1139:(1751)
1133:(1748)
1127:(1748)
1121:(1747)
1115:(1747)
1109:(1747)
1103:(1745)
1097:(1744)
1091:(1743)
1085:(1743)
1079:(1740)
1073:(1735)
1071:Doccia
1067:(1730)
1061:(1726)
1055:(1718)
1053:Vienna
1049:(1710)
1043:(1693)
1037:(1673)
1031:(1575)
1029:Medici
1022:Types:
982:Europe
967:Joseon
961:Goryeo
954:Types:
917:Hirado
912:Kutani
885:Types:
822:Canton
810:Kangxi
804:Tianqi
798:Swatow
731:Types:
722:(1338)
646:
631:
582:, p.84
366:Legacy
193:Sèvres
40:Jesuit
1197:Revol
1167:Weesp
1155:Derby
1035:Rouen
930:Korea
897:Imari
892:Arita
856:Japan
792:Kraak
691:China
439:Notes
205:Revol
163:Rouen
762:Ding
756:Xing
644:ISBN
629:ISBN
229:Nast
32:Lyon
1107:Bow
750:Yue
386:'s
1496::
1405:/
627:,
601:^
578:,
503:^
486:^
459:^
453:ff
359:.
351:,
344:.
310:.
125:.
676:e
669:t
662:v
268:e
261:t
254:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
