479:
22:
412:, who had promised to redeem the pawned ducal demesnes with funds he gained as Swedish military commander and by his marriage to a Swedish princess. However, Magnus did not redeem pawns but further alienated ducal possessions, which ignited a conflict between Magnus and his father and brothers
726:
454:
to
Adolphus' Holstein-Gottorp in 1575. Francis II again helped his father to inhibit Magnus' second military attempt to overthrow his father in 1578. Francis I then made Francis II his vicegerent actually governing the duchy.
1304:
1362:
331:
301:
393:
Heavily indebted and with no further need for good relations with the prince-bishopric
Francis I looted Ratzeburg Cathedral in 1552. In 1558 he conquered the prince-episcopal
466:, but unconcerted with his other sons Magnus and Maurice - Francis I made his third son Francis II, whom he considered the ablest, his sole successor, violating the rules of
814:
435:. The following year Magnus hired troops in order to take Saxe-Lauenburg with violence. Francis II, an experienced military commander in imperial service, and Duke
1483:
1899:
1729:, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft fĂŒr Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, NeumĂŒnster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373â389, here p. 380.
1709:, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft fĂŒr Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, NeumĂŒnster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373â389, here p. 380.
1689:, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft fĂŒr Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, NeumĂŒnster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373â389, here p. 381.
1669:, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft fĂŒr Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, NeumĂŒnster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373â389, here p. 379.
1649:, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft fĂŒr Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, NeumĂŒnster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373â389, here p. 379.
1336:
1158:
846:
996:
39:
86:
58:
970:
1058:
65:
1824:
1790:
470:. This severed the anyway difficult relations with the estates of the duchy, which fought the ducal practice of growing indebtedness.
72:
1184:
1278:
524:
1242:
339:
54:
478:
1734:
1714:
1694:
1674:
1654:
405:
farmers to swear him loyalty and pay him dues, and started overfelling in the monasterial woods, selling the timber abroad.
246:
938:
585:
912:
545:
694:
1090:
598:
269:
105:
1889:
872:
788:
291:
149:
568:
1402:
668:
436:
366:
With his thriftiness
Francis I deeply plunged Saxe-Lauenburg into debts, to this end he pawned most of the ducal
79:
1519:
1032:
752:
451:
43:
572:
463:
375:
1849:
1837:
550:
413:
355:
257:
194:
1817:
1807:
1799:
530:
409:
379:
351:
253:
184:
159:
1783:
1428:
327:
166:
131:
1894:
1854:
1545:
578:
432:
417:
265:
198:
505:
556:
459:
261:
32:
1216:
387:
564:
450:), helped Francis I to defeat Magnus. In return Saxe-Lauenburg had to cede the bailiwick of
1884:
1879:
421:
8:
458:
In 1581 - shortly before he died and after consultations with his son Prince-Archbishop
440:
1730:
1710:
1690:
1670:
1650:
610:
493:
482:
371:
240:
233:
1751:
1577:
614:
593:
520:
497:
427:
In 1573 Francis I deposed Magnus and reascended to the throne while Magnus fled to
281:
1727:
Die FĂŒrsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von
Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
1707:
Die FĂŒrsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von
Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
1687:
Die FĂŒrsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von
Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
1667:
Die FĂŒrsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von
Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
1647:
Die FĂŒrsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von
Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
606:
443:
347:
560:
1873:
581:(*1551 – 1612*), married in 1581 Katharina von Spörck, divorced in 1582
467:
383:
408:
In 1571 â highly indebted â Francis I resigned in favour of his eldest son
394:
541:
335:
311:
516:
370:
to his creditors. In 1550 Francis I wielded his influence to make the
1768:
627:
Katharina
Rautenstein (*1565 – 1587*), â in 1579 Johann Grotjan
534:
501:
323:
223:
21:
398:
602:
490:
367:
276:
589:
428:
402:
1725:
Cordula
Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in:
1705:
Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in:
1685:
Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in:
1665:
Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in:
1645:
Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in:
354:
in 1571. Two years later he reascended and was succeeded by
584:
Sidonia Catharina (*?– 1594*), married in 1567 (1)
424:, further escalating due to Magnus' violent temperament.
624:
Franz Rautenstein (*? – after 26 December 1618*)
346:. Francis I succeeded his father in 1543 as duke of
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1159:William the Victorious, Duke of Brunswick-LĂŒneburg
620:Illegitimate children with Else Rautenstein were:
401:, looted and demolished the cloister, forced its
1871:
1900:Converts to Lutheranism from Roman Catholicism
640:Ancestors of Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
575:(Henry I, 1577â1585), married Anna von Broich
588:and in 1586 (2) Emmerich III Forgach, Upper
326:) was the eldest child and only son of Duke
559:(*1 November 1550 – 22 April 1585*,
350:, but resigned in favour of his major son
567:(1567â1585), as well as Prince-Bishop of
344:of Brunswick and Lunenburg (WolfenbĂŒttel)
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
540:Ursula (*1545 – 22 October 1620*,
519:, *11 March 1543 – 5 April 1586*,
489:On 8 February 1540 Francis I married in
477:
1279:Bodo VII, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode
525:Wolfgang, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
1872:
1499:
1382:
1378:
1366:
1258:
1185:William IV, Duke of Brunswick-LĂŒneburg
1138:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1012:
892:
888:
876:
768:
658:
654:
650:
1575:
1565:
1561:
1549:
1543:
1533:
1517:
1507:
1503:
1487:
1481:
1471:
1458:
1448:
1444:
1432:
1426:
1416:
1400:
1390:
1386:
1360:
1350:
1334:
1324:
1320:
1308:
1302:
1292:
1276:
1266:
1262:
1246:
1240:
1230:
1214:
1204:
1200:
1188:
1182:
1172:
1156:
1146:
1142:
1114:
1104:
1088:
1078:
1074:
1062:
1056:
1046:
1030:
1020:
1016:
1000:
994:
984:
968:
958:
954:
942:
936:
926:
910:
900:
896:
870:
860:
844:
834:
830:
818:
812:
802:
786:
776:
772:
756:
750:
740:
724:
714:
710:
698:
692:
682:
666:
662:
500:, *2 May 1515 – 18 July 1592*,
473:
1243:Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-LĂŒneburg
939:Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg
586:Wenceslaus III Adam, Duke of Cieszyn
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
1861:as Administrators of Saxe-Lauenburg
1363:Catherine of Brunswick-WolfenbĂŒttel
913:Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg
546:Henry, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg
508:. They had the following children:
332:Catherine of Brunswick-WolfenbĂŒttel
302:Catherine of Brunswick-WolfenbĂŒttel
55:"Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg"
13:
1747:Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
695:Bernard II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
14:
1911:
1305:Elisabeth of Stolberg-Wernigerode
1117:Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
873:Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
789:Bogislaw VIII, Duke of Pomerania
20:
1403:Wartislaw IX, Duke of Pomerania
1091:Catherine of Brunswick-LĂŒneburg
669:Eric IV, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
397:Monastery of Marienwohlde near
31:needs additional citations for
1798:resigned in favour of his son
1719:
1699:
1679:
1659:
1639:
1520:Bogislaw IX, Duke of Pomerania
1484:Catherine of Pomerania-Wolgast
1033:Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
753:John V, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
1:
533:(*1543 – 14 May 1603*,
376:Prince-Bishopric of Ratzeburg
322:(1510 – 19 March 1581,
1459:29. Sophie of Saxe-Lauenburg
727:Sophie of Brunswick-LĂŒneburg
512:Albert (*1542 – 1544*)
437:Adolphus of Holstein-Gottorp
334:(1488 – 29 July 1563,
7:
815:Adelheid of Pomerania-Stolp
631:
565:Prince-Archbishop of Bremen
431:, the homeland of his wife
320:Francis I of Saxe-Lauenburg
10:
1916:
1832:deposed Magnus II by force
1493:
1429:Eric II, Duke of Pomerania
1380:
1372:
1252:
1136:
1132:
1006:
890:
882:
762:
656:
652:
571:(Henry II, 1574â1585) and
328:Magnus I of Saxe-Lauenburg
1846:
1822:
1814:
1804:
1788:
1780:
1775:
1745:
1563:
1555:
1546:Sophia of Pomerania-Stolp
1527:
1505:
1501:
1465:
1446:
1438:
1410:
1388:
1384:
1344:
1322:
1314:
1286:
1264:
1260:
1224:
1202:
1194:
1166:
1144:
1140:
1098:
1076:
1068:
1040:
1018:
1014:
978:
956:
948:
920:
898:
894:
854:
832:
824:
796:
774:
770:
734:
712:
704:
676:
660:
378:elect his 7-year-old son
307:
297:
287:
275:
239:
229:
217:
209:
205:
190:
180:
172:
165:
155:
145:
137:
130:
125:
1632:
506:Henry IV, Duke of Saxony
1890:Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg
997:Dorothea of Brandenburg
361:
1829:1573/1574 – 1581
1825:Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
1791:Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
1217:Cecilia of Brandenburg
601:(*1554 – 1586*,
486:
167:Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
132:Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
120:Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
553:(*1547 – 1619*)
527:(*1531 – 1595*)
481:
433:Sophia Vasa of Sweden
971:Elisabeth of Bavaria
422:estates of the duchy
374:of the neighbouring
338:), daughter of Duke
40:improve this article
1843:(1578 – 1581)
1337:Anna of Schwarzburg
1059:Catherine of Saxony
544:), married in 1569
847:Sophia of Holstein
487:
474:Marriage and issue
464:Emperor Rudolph II
1868:
1867:
1864:
1847:Succeeded by
1833:
1805:Succeeded by
1802:
1795:1543 – 1571
1767:19 March 1581 in
1735:978-3-529-02606-5
1715:978-3-529-02606-5
1695:978-3-529-02606-5
1675:978-3-529-02606-5
1655:978-3-529-02606-5
1629:
1628:
1625:
1624:
615:Bremen Cathedrals
494:Sibylle of Saxony
483:Sibylle of Saxony
317:
316:
234:Sibylle of Saxony
176:1573 – 1581
141:1543 – 1571
116:
115:
108:
90:
1907:
1895:House of Ascania
1858:
1831:
1815:Preceded by
1797:
1781:Preceded by
1771:
1761:
1752:House of Ascania
1743:
1742:
1737:
1723:
1717:
1703:
1697:
1683:
1677:
1663:
1657:
1643:
1578:Maria of Masovia
646:
645:
637:
636:
594:Duchy of Teschen
563:), as Henry III
521:Herzberg am Harz
388:capitular canons
282:House of Ascania
250:
123:
122:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1870:
1869:
1857:
1853:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1820:
1810:
1796:
1794:
1786:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1740:
1724:
1720:
1704:
1700:
1684:
1680:
1664:
1660:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1630:
634:
504:), daughter of
476:
420:as well as the
386:, however, the
364:
268:
264:
260:
256:
244:
243:
222:
121:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
1913:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1866:
1865:
1848:
1845:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1803:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1776:Regnal titles
1773:
1772:
1749:
1746:
1739:
1738:
1718:
1698:
1678:
1658:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
993:
990:
989:
986:
985:
983:
980:
979:
977:
974:
973:
967:
964:
963:
960:
959:
957:
955:
953:
950:
949:
947:
944:
943:
941:
935:
932:
931:
928:
927:
925:
922:
921:
919:
916:
915:
909:
906:
905:
902:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
884:
883:
881:
878:
877:
875:
869:
866:
865:
862:
861:
859:
856:
855:
853:
850:
849:
843:
840:
839:
836:
835:
833:
831:
829:
826:
825:
823:
820:
819:
817:
811:
808:
807:
804:
803:
801:
798:
797:
795:
792:
791:
785:
782:
781:
778:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
764:
763:
761:
758:
757:
755:
749:
746:
745:
742:
741:
739:
736:
735:
733:
730:
729:
723:
720:
719:
716:
715:
713:
711:
709:
706:
705:
703:
700:
699:
697:
691:
688:
687:
684:
683:
681:
678:
677:
675:
672:
671:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
642:
641:
635:
633:
630:
629:
628:
625:
618:
617:
596:
582:
576:
554:
548:
538:
528:
513:
475:
472:
462:of Bremen and
444:Circle Colonel
363:
360:
348:Saxe-Lauenburg
315:
314:
309:
305:
304:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
284:
279:
273:
272:
251:
237:
236:
231:
227:
226:
219:
215:
214:
211:
207:
206:
203:
202:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
174:
170:
169:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
128:
127:
119:
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1912:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1851:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1813:
1809:
1801:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1003:
998:
992:
991:
988:
987:
982:
981:
976:
975:
972:
966:
965:
962:
961:
952:
951:
946:
945:
940:
934:
933:
930:
929:
924:
923:
918:
917:
914:
908:
907:
904:
903:
886:
885:
880:
879:
874:
868:
867:
864:
863:
858:
857:
852:
851:
848:
842:
841:
838:
837:
828:
827:
822:
821:
816:
810:
809:
806:
805:
800:
799:
794:
793:
790:
784:
783:
780:
779:
766:
765:
760:
759:
754:
748:
747:
744:
743:
738:
737:
732:
731:
728:
722:
721:
718:
717:
708:
707:
702:
701:
696:
690:
689:
686:
685:
680:
679:
674:
673:
670:
664:
648:
647:
644:
643:
639:
638:
626:
623:
622:
621:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
580:
577:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
555:
552:
549:
547:
543:
539:
536:
532:
529:
526:
522:
518:
514:
511:
510:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
492:
484:
480:
471:
469:
468:primogeniture
465:
461:
456:
453:
449:
445:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
391:
389:
385:
384:prince-bishop
381:
377:
373:
369:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
343:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
313:
310:
306:
303:
300:
296:
293:
290:
286:
283:
280:
278:
274:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
252:
249:
248:
242:
238:
235:
232:
228:
225:
221:19 March 1581
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
193:
189:
186:
183:
179:
175:
171:
168:
164:
161:
158:
154:
151:
148:
144:
140:
136:
133:
129:
124:
118:
110:
107:
99:
96:December 2009
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: â
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1860:
1859:
1842:
1835:
1823:
1789:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1726:
1721:
1706:
1701:
1686:
1681:
1666:
1661:
1646:
1641:
1116:
619:
488:
457:
447:
426:
414:Francis (II)
407:
392:
365:
341:
319:
318:
245:
201:(joint rule)
117:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1885:1581 deaths
1880:1510 births
542:Schernebeck
448:Kreisobrist
441:Lower Saxon
395:Bridgettine
312:Lutheranism
181:Predecessor
146:Predecessor
1874:Categories
1850:Francis II
1838:Francis II
551:Francis II
515:Dorothea (
485:, ca. 1530
452:Steinhorst
382:as coming
356:Francis II
258:Francis II
195:Francis II
191:Successors
66:newspapers
1818:Magnus II
1808:Magnus II
1800:Magnus II
1769:Buxtehude
599:Frederick
573:Paderborn
569:OsnabrĂŒck
535:Ratzeburg
531:Magnus II
502:Buxtehude
410:Magnus II
390:refused.
358:in 1581.
352:Magnus II
342:the Elder
340:Henry IV
324:Buxtehude
270:Frederick
254:Magnus II
224:Buxtehude
185:Magnus II
160:Magnus II
156:Successor
126:Francis I
1784:Magnus I
632:Ancestry
517:LĂŒneburg
498:Freiberg
368:demesnes
308:Religion
292:Magnus I
150:Magnus I
1855:Maurice
611:Cologne
609:at the
603:Cologne
592:of the
579:Maurice
491:Dresden
439:, then
418:Maurice
372:chapter
336:Neuhaus
266:Maurice
247:more...
230:Consort
199:Maurice
80:scholar
1763:
1733:
1713:
1693:
1673:
1653:
590:Gespan
429:Sweden
403:vassal
380:Magnus
298:Mother
288:Father
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1840:(son)
1836:with
1765:Died:
1758:Born:
1633:Notes
607:canon
561:Vörde
557:Henry
523:), â
460:Henry
399:Mölln
277:House
262:Henry
241:Issue
173:Reign
138:Reign
87:JSTOR
73:books
1760:1510
1731:ISBN
1711:ISBN
1691:ISBN
1671:ISBN
1651:ISBN
1576:31.
1544:15.
1518:30.
1427:14.
1401:28.
1335:27.
1303:13.
1277:26.
1215:25.
1183:12.
1157:24.
1089:23.
1057:11.
1031:22.
969:21.
937:10.
911:20.
845:19.
787:18.
725:17.
667:16.
613:and
416:and
362:Life
330:and
218:Died
213:1510
210:Born
197:and
59:news
1852:and
1482:7.
1361:3.
1241:6.
1115:1.
995:5.
871:2.
813:9.
751:4.
693:8.
605:),
42:by
1876::
537:)
496:(
446:(
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
