Franciscans - Knowledge

618: 1531: 1116: 1738: 1646: 736: 1071: 1719:, together with the seal of the Order, was given to this united grouping. This grouping, since it adhered more closely to the rule of the founder, was allowed to claim a certain superiority over the Conventuals. The Observant general (elected now for six years, not for life) inherited the title of "Minister-General of the Whole Order of St. Francis" and was granted the right to confirm the choice of a head for the Conventuals, who was known as "Master-General of the Friars Minor Conventual"—although this privilege never became practically operative. 2188:, prior to 1978 also known as the Third Order Secular of Saint Francis, is an order founded by Francis in 1212 for brothers and sisters who do not live in a religious community. Members of the order continue to live secular lives, however they do gather regularly for fraternal activities. In the United States alone there are 17,000 professed members of the order. Members of the Order live according to a Rule composed by St Francis in 1221. The Rule was slightly modified through the centuries and was replaced at the turn of the 20th century by 1478:'without property' does not require that those living thus should have nothing in common." In 1328, Michael of Cesena was summoned to Avignon to explain the Order's intransigence in refusing the pope's orders and its complicity with Louis of Bavaria. Michael was imprisoned in Avignon, together with Francesco d'Ascoli, Bonagratia, and William of Ockham. In January of that year Louis of Bavaria entered Rome and had himself crowned emperor. Three months later he declared John XXII deposed and installed the Spiritual Franciscan 6793: 1286:, in his place. The Benedictine section of the Celestines was separated from the Franciscan section, and the latter was formally suppressed by Pope Boniface VIII in 1302. The leader of the Observantists, Olivi, who spent his last years in the Franciscan house at Tarnius and died there in 1298, had pronounced against the extremer "Spiritual" attitude, and given an exposition of the theory of poverty which was approved by the more moderate Observantists, and for a long time constituted their principle. 377: 1584: 2772: 1378:, which granted the friars the mere use of it. The bull declared that renunciation of ownership of all things "both individually but also in common, for God's sake, is meritorious and holy; Christ, also, showing the way of perfection, taught it by word and confirmed it by example, and the first founders of the church militant, as they had drawn it from the fountainhead itself, distributed it through the channels of their teaching and life to those wishing to live perfectly." 1849: 2319:, are an active community, based in the United States, with houses in Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany, and Brazil. These Franciscans strive to live an integrated life through prayer, community, and ministry to the poor, neglected and disadvantaged youth, the powerless, people in need, and the elderly. The Brothers of the Poor live by their vows of poverty (living a simple lifestyle), consecrated chastity (loving all, possessing no one, striving sincerely, for 1916: 9617: 6034: 813:, were the two vicars-general to whom Francis had entrusted the direction of the order during his absence. They carried through at a chapter which they held certain stricter regulations in regard to fasting and the reception of alms, which departed from the spirit of the original rule. It did not take Francis long, on his return, to suppress this insubordinate tendency but he was less successful in regard to another of an opposite nature which soon came up. 5875: 2357:, is a private confraternity of the Catholic Church whose members strive to model their lives according to the Rule and Statutes of the Primitive Rule of the Third Order of St. Francis, which was written for lay people in 1221 by Francis of Assisi. Right now there are several hundred members within the United States and a few hundred more throughout the world. The order was originally started in 1996 by members of the Archdiocese of St. Paul in Minnesota. 48: 2029: 2724: 2323:, a celibate way of loving and being loved), and obedience (to God, to the community, to the church, and to self). The Brothers of the Poor also serve persons with AIDS and people who ask for help, regardless of their religion or their social/economic background. They are teachers, childcare workers, social workers, counselors, pastoral ministers, retreat ministers, religious educators, and school administrators, along with other tasks. 9606: 7534: 6560: 6049: 1345: 423:(Friars Minor, literally 'Order of Lesser Brothers') stems from Francis of Assisi's rejection of luxury and wealth. Francis was the son of a rich cloth merchant, but gave up his wealth to pursue his faith more fully. He had cut all ties that remained with his family, and pursued a life living in solidarity with his fellow brothers in Christ. In other words, he abandoned his life among the wealthy and aristocratic classes (or 6144: 214: 2209: 2009:, Matteo da Bascio), an Observant friar, who felt himself called to an even stricter observance of Franciscan austerity. With the support of the Papal Court, the new branch received early recognition and grew fast, first in Italy and after 1574 all over Europe and throughout the world. The Capuchins eventually became a separate order in 1619. The name Capuchins refers to the particular shape of the long hood or 2578:. The Rule of Saint Francis calls for members to practice simple living and detachment from material possessions in emulation of Jesus' life and earthly ministry. The simple lifestyle helps members of the order, in whichever branch, to experience solidarity with the poor and to work for social justice. Franciscan spirituality also strongly emphasizes working to preserve the church, and remain loyal to it. 400: 2343: 2146: 3627: 3530: 2587: 663:, always cheerful and full of songs, yet making a deep impression on their hearers by their earnest exhortations. Their life was extremely ascetic, though such practices were apparently not prescribed by the first rule which Francis gave them (probably as early as 1209) which seems to have been nothing more than a collection of Scriptural passages emphasizing the duty of poverty. 2251:, and they strive to "rebuild the Church" in areas of high school and college education, parish ministry, church renewal, social justice, campus ministry, hospital chaplaincies, foreign missions, and other ministries in places where the church is needed. The association of Franciscans (Grey Friars) with education becomes a stock fictional reference in (for example) the works of 1623:, died December 11, 1515), it gained great prominence during the 15th century. By the end of the Middle Ages, the Observantists, with 1,400 houses, comprised nearly half of the entire Order. Their influence brought about attempts at reform even among the Conventuals, including the quasi-Observantist brothers living under the rule of the Conventual ministers (Martinianists or 1633:); the Neutri, a group of reformers originating about 1463 in Italy, who tried to take a middle ground between the Conventuals and Observantists, but refused to obey the heads of either, until they were compelled by the pope to affiliate with the regular Observantists, or with those of the Common Life; the Caperolani, a congregation founded about 1470 in North Italy by 1421:, he removed the ban on discussion of Nicholas III's bull and commissioned experts to examine the idea of poverty based on belief that Christ and the apostles owned nothing. The experts disagreed among themselves, but the majority condemned the idea on the grounds that it would condemn the church's right to have possessions. The Franciscan chapter held in 1012:. For this Elias had him scourged, and this outrage on St Francis's dearest disciple consolidated the opposition to Elias. Leo was the leader in the early stages of the struggle in the order for the maintenance of St Francis's ideas on strict poverty. At the chapter held in May 1227, Elias was rejected in spite of his prominence, and 1141:, the influence of the Order was notably increased, especially by the provisions of the latter pope in regard to the academic activity of the brothers. He not only sanctioned the theological institutes in Franciscan houses, but did all he could to support the friars in the Mendicant Controversy, when the secular Masters of the 1972:) consists of 290 houses worldwide with a total of almost 5000 friars. They have experienced growth in this century throughout the world. They are located in Italy, the United States, Canada, Australia, and throughout Latin America, and Africa. They are the largest in number in Poland because of the work and inspiration of 1637:, but dissolved again on the death of its founder in 1481; the Amadeists, founded by the noble Portuguese Amadeo, who entered the Franciscan order at Assisi in 1452, gathered around him a number of adherents to his fairly strict principles (numbering finally twenty-six houses), and died in the odor of sanctity in 1482. 1336:, ventured to dispute the pope's right so to deal with the provisions of his predecessor. Sixty-four of them were summoned to Avignon and the most obstinate delivered over to the Inquisition, four of them being burned (1318). Shortly before this all the separate houses of the Observantists had been suppressed. 2837:, who, though they were not friars, were spiritual sons of Francis in the wider sense; it is also seen in the plastic masterpieces of the latter, as well as the architectural conceptions of both himself and his school. The Italian Gothic style, whose earliest important monument is the great convent church at 1438:

of 8 December 1322, John XXII, declaring it ridiculous to pretend that every scrap of food given to the friars and eaten by them belonged to the pope, refused to accept ownership over the goods of the Franciscans in the future and granted them exemption from the rule that absolutely forbade ownership

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The extreme poverty required of members was relaxed in the final revision of the Rule in 1223. The degree of observance required of members remained a major source of conflict within the order, resulting in numerous secessions. The Order of Friars Minor, previously known as the "Observant" branch, is

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Elias governed the Order from the center, imposing his authority on the provinces (as had Francis). A reaction to this centralized government was led from the provinces of England and Germany. At the general chapter of 1239, held in Rome under the personal presidency of Gregory IX, Elias was deposed

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as protector of the Order by the pope. Francis resigned the day-to-day running of the Order into the hands of others but retained the power to shape the Order's legislation, writing a Rule in 1221 which he revised and had approved in 1223. After about 1221, the day-to-day running of the Order was in

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was teaching) continued to develop. Contributions toward the promotion of the Order's work, and especially the building of the Basilica in Assisi, came in abundantly. Funds could only be accepted on behalf of the friars for determined, imminent, real necessities that could not be provided for from

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originated a movement for the increase of the worldly consideration of the Order and the adaptation of its system to the plans of the hierarchy which conflicted with the original notions of the founder and helped to bring about the successive changes in the rule already described. Francis was not

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In addition, there are associations of Franciscan inspiration not connected with a mainstream Christian tradition and describing themselves as ecumenical or dispersed. The Companions of Francis Apostolic Religious Institute (CFARI), with its roots in independent Catholicism and Anglicanism, is a

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and finally Innocent himself, was their utter loyalty to the Catholic Church and the clergy. Innocent III was not only the pope reigning during the life of Francis of Assisi, but he was also responsible for helping to construct the church Francis was being called to rebuild. Innocent III and the

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on 10 November 1324 in which he declared that it cannot be inferred from the words of the 1279 bull that Christ and the apostles had nothing, adding: "Indeed, it can be inferred rather that the Gospel life lived by Christ and the Apostles did not exclude some possessions in common, since living

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in 1334. The congregation was suppressed by the Franciscan general chapter in 1354; reestablished in 1368 by Paolo de' Trinci of Foligno; confirmed by Gregory XI in 1373, and spread rapidly from Central Italy to France, Spain, Hungary, and elsewhere. Most of the Observantist houses joined this

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in May 1322 declared on the contrary: "To say or assert that Christ, in showing the way of perfection, and the Apostles, in following that way and setting an example to others who wished to lead the perfect life, possessed nothing either severally or in common, either by right of ownership and

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regarded its provisions for the dependence of the friars upon the pope and the division between brothers occupied in manual labor and those employed on spiritual missions as a corruption of the fundamental principles of the Order. They were not won over by the conciliatory attitude of the next

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In 1232 Elias succeeded him, and under him the Order significantly developed its ministries and presence in the towns. Many new houses were founded, especially in Italy, and in many of them special attention was paid to education. The somewhat earlier settlements of Franciscan teachers at the

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started in 1970, and became an institute with Pontifical Right in 1998. In that same year, the Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate also became an institute with Pontifical Right. There are also Third Order Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate, an offshoot of the Franciscan Tertiaries of the

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As a separate congregation, this originated through the union of a number of houses which followed Olivi after 1308. It was limited to southwestern France and, its members being accused of the heresy of the Beghards, was suppressed by the Inquisition during the controversies under John XXII.

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The modern organization of the Friars Minor comprises three separate families or groups, each considered a religious order in its own right under its own minister General and particular type of governance. They all live according to a body of regulations known as the Rule of Saint Francis.

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of Gregory IX declared that the Testament of St. Francis was not legally binding and offered an interpretation of poverty that would allow the Order to continue to develop. Gregory IX authorized agents of the Order to have custody of such funds where they could not be spent

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Francis had to suffer from the dissensions just alluded to and the transformation they effected in the original constitution of the brotherhood making it a regular order under strict supervision from Rome. Exasperated by the demands of running a growing and fractious Order, Francis asked

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Fourth Lateran Council helped maintain the church in Europe. Innocent probably saw in them a possible answer to his desire for an orthodox preaching force to counter heresy. Many legends have clustered around the decisive audience of Francis with the pope. The realistic account in

1627:), such as the male Colletans, later led by Boniface de Ceva in his reform attempts principally in France and Germany; the reformed congregation founded in 1426 by the Spaniard Philip de Berbegal and distinguished by the special importance they attached to the little hood ( 1179:. To protect the Order from its enemies, John was forced to step down and recommended Bonaventure as his successor. Bonaventure saw the need to unify the Order around a common ideology and both wrote a new life of the founder and collected the Order's legislation into the 1764:, as Inquisitors. The Franciscans had been involved in anti-heretical activities from the beginning simply by preaching and acting as living examples of the Gospel life. As official Inquisitors, they were authorized to use torture to extract confessions, as approved by 1197:

was approved as the only biography of Francis and all previous biographies were ordered to be destroyed. Bonaventure ruled (1257–74) in a moderate spirit, which is represented also by various works produced by the order in his time – especially by the

1008:, a strong polemic against the laxer party. Having protested against the collection of money for the erection of the basilica of San Francesco, it was Leo who broke in pieces the marble box which Elias had set up for offertories for the completion of the basilica at 2282:

After the formal recognition of the members of religious tertiary communities, the following centuries saw a steady growth of such communities across Europe. Initially, the women's communities took a monastic form of life, either voluntarily or under pressure from

1249:(1279), which pronounced the principle of complete poverty to be meritorious and holy, but interpreted it in the way of a somewhat sophistical distinction between possession and usufruct. The bull was received respectfully by Bonagratia and the next two generals, 2444:) and serves all Franciscans and the global community by bringing grassroots Franciscans to the United Nations forums in New York City and Geneva. It brings the spiritual and ethical values of the Franciscans to the United Nations and international organisations. 1103:

supported them in this. In a bull of November 14, 1245, this pope even sanctioned an extension of the system of financial agents, and allowed the funds to be used not simply for those things that were necessary for the friars but also for those that were useful.

995:. In order to build the basilica, Elias proceeded to collect money in various ways to meet the expenses of the building. Elias thus also alienated the zealots in the order, who felt this was not in keeping with the founder's views upon the question of poverty. 1950:(Alcantarines), Recollects, and Riformati into one order under general constitutions. While the Capuchins and Conventuals wanted the reunited Observants to be referred to as The Order of Friars Minor of the Leonine Union, they were instead called simply the 690:, according to which the pope originally sent the shabby saint off to keep swine, and only recognized his real worth by his ready obedience, has, in spite of its improbability, a certain historical interest, since it shows the natural antipathy of the older 1445:

which declared "erroneous and heretical" the doctrine that Christ and his apostles had no possessions whatever. John XXII's actions thus demolished the fictitious structure that gave the appearance of absolute poverty to the life of the Franciscan friars.

1696:, had once more declared the impossibility of reunion. The less strict principles of the Conventuals, permitting the possession of real estate and the enjoyment of fixed revenues, were recognized as tolerable, while the Observants, in contrast to this 1241:(1274–75) to force the mendicant orders to tolerate the possession of property, threatened both pope and council with the renunciation of allegiance. Attempts were made, however, to satisfy the reasonable demands of the Spiritual party, as in the bull 1107:

The Observantist party took a strong stand in opposition to this ruling and agitated so successfully against the lax General that in 1247, at a chapter held in Lyon, France—where Innocent IV was then residing—he was replaced by the strict Observantist

1954:. Despite the tensions caused by this forced union the Order grew from 1897 to reach a peak of 26,000 members in the 1960s before declining after the 1970s. The Order is headed by a Minister General, who since July 2021 is Father Massimo Fusarelli. 2828:

In the field of Christian art during the later Middle Ages, the Franciscan movement exercised considerable influence, especially in Italy. The influence of Franciscan ideals shows in several great painters of the 13th and 14th centuries, especially

2015:; originally a popular nickname, it has become a part of the official name of the order. The order now exists in 106 countries all over the world, with around 10,500 brothers living in more than 1700 communities known as fraternities or friaries. 3938: 2533:

dispersed, egalitarian and ecumenical order of Franciscans based in Pasadena, California, with vowed members in California, Arizona and New Mexico. CFARI members live among the populations they serve and are self supporting in their ministry.

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in English-speaking countries, consists of only one branch of religious sisters. The order is called the Order of St. Clare (OSC), but prior to 1263 they were called "The Poor Ladies", "The Poor Enclosed Nuns", and "The Order of San Damiano".

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The work of the Franciscans in New Spain began in 1523, when three Flemish friars—Juan de Ayora, Pedro de Tecto, and Pedro de Gante—reached the central highlands. Their impact as missionaries was limited at first, since two of them died on

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drew up statutes which were to serve as a basis for reunion, and they were actually accepted by a general chapter at Assisi in 1430; but the majority of the Conventual houses refused to agree to them, and they remained without effect. At

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won several notable victories in spite of the favor shown to their opponents by the papal administration, until finally the reconciliation of the two points of view was seen to be impossible and the order was actually split into halves.

2092:(the first order), and before the Third Order of Saint Francis. As of 2011 there were over 20,000 Poor Clare nuns in over 75 countries throughout the world. They follow several different observances and are organized into federations. 1385:

banned disputing about its contents, the decades that followed saw increasingly bitter disputes about the form of poverty to be observed by Franciscans, with the Spirituals (so called because associated with the Age of the Spirit that

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was determined to suppress what he considered to be the excesses of the Spirituals, who contended eagerly for the view that Christ and his apostles had possessed absolutely nothing, either separately or jointly, and who were citing

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Luke Wadding Papers: correspondence relating to Fr Luke Wadding OFM and the Irish Friars Minor at St. Isidore's College, Rome, on ecclesiastical and political matters; and concerning his interests as historian of the Franciscan

1137:, was now forced to give up all hope of recovering his power in the Order. He died in 1253, after succeeding by recantation in obtaining the removal of his censures. Under John of Parma, who enjoyed the favor of Innocent IV and 3987: 2246:

into a single Order with its own Minister General. Today it is an international community of friars who desire to emphasize the works of mercy and on-going conversion. The community is also known as the Franciscan Friars,

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This movement continued in North America as various congregations arose from one coast to another, in answer to the needs of the large emigrant communities that were flooding the cities of the United States and Canada.

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was General Minister. The Franciscans were involved in the torture and trials of Jews, Muslims, and other heretics throughout the Middle Ages and wrote their own manuals to guide Inquisitors, such as the 14th century

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declared his intention to build a splendid church to house the body of Francis and the task fell to Elias, who at once began to lay plans for the erection of a great basilica at Assisi, to enshrine the remains of the

6741: 2334:. Today this group is present in 17 countries: Italy, Croatia, Spain, France, Germany, Austria, US, India, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Brazil, Paraguay, Mexico, Peru, Sweden, Bangladesh, and the Philippines. 804:

The controversy about how to follow the Gospel life of poverty, which extends through the first three centuries of Franciscan history, began in the lifetime of the founder. The ascetic brothers Matthew of

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alone in opposition to this lax and secularizing tendency. On the contrary, the party which clung to his original views and after his death took his "Testament" for their guide, known as Observantists or

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Elias was a lay friar, and encouraged other laymen to enter the order. This brought opposition from many ordained friars and ministers provincial, who also opposed increased centralization of the Order.

4042: 720:, an able friar who was elected as leader of the friars a few years after Francis's death (1232) but who aroused much opposition because of his autocratic leadership style. He planned and built the 5547:

Schmucki, Oktavian (2000). "Die Regel des Johannes von Matha und die Regel des Franziskus von Assisi. Ähnlichkeiten und Eigenheiten. Neue Beziehungen zum Islam". In Cipollone, Giulio (ed.).

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on 28 May reelected Michael of Cesena, who two days before had escaped with his companions from Avignon. But in August Louis the Bavarian and his pope had to flee Rome before an attack by

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in the 14th century, provided the initial spark for Gabriele Allegra's 40 year undertaking, when at the age of 21 he happened to attend the 6th centenary celebration for Monte Corvino.

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during the 19th century was the re-establishment of religious orders, including some of Franciscan inspiration. The principal Anglican communities in the Franciscan tradition are the

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Projects for a union between the two main branches of the Order were put forth not only by the Council of Constance but by several popes, without any positive result. By direction of

1607:(1415). It was allowed to have a special vicar-general of its own and legislate for its members without reference to the conventual part of the Order. Through the work of such men as 2671: 299:

approved by the Pope did not allow ownership of property, requiring members of the order to beg for food while preaching. The austerity was meant to emulate the life and ministry of

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congregation by degrees, so that it became known simply as the "brothers of the regular Observance." It acquired the favor of the popes by its energetic opposition to the heretical

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with the Catholic Church, but involves several unique emphases. Franciscan theologians view creation, the natural world, as good and joyous, and avoid dwelling on the "stain of

1684:, who bestowed a vast number of privileges on both of the original mendicant orders, but by this very fact lost the favor of the Observants and failed in his plans for reunion. 2291:. As Europe entered the upheavals of the modern age, new communities arose which were able to focus more exclusively on social service, especially during the immediate post- 651:, who contributed all that he had to the work, and by other companions, who are said to have reached the number of eleven within a year. The brothers lived in the deserted 2618:

in the 20th century, who confirmed the existence of the wounds, but none of whom could produce a medical explanation for the fact that his bleeding wounds would never get

7178: 6968: 1180: 675: 2231:(+1309) was foremost among those who achieved great depths in their lives of prayer and service of the poor, while living in community with other women of the Order. 7885: 6373: 2574:

viewed as a special act of humility, as Francis was struck by God's great charity in sacrificing his son for our salvation; they also exhibit great devotion to the

1788:, were also subject to interrogation and prosecution by the Inquisition at various stages in the 13th and 14th centuries. Notable cases from the Spirituals include 9300: 7390: 6595: 556:, OFS, originally known as the Brothers and Sisters of Penance or Third Order of Penance, try to live the ideals of the movement in their daily lives outside of 7915: 5823: 3041: 2440:, uniting the voices of Franciscan brothers and sisters from around the world. It operates under the sponsorship of the Conference of the Franciscan Family ( 735: 3547: 1538:

Out of all these dissensions in the 14th century sprang a number of separate congregations, or almost sects, to say nothing of the heretical parties of the

9220: 7324: 1890: 1274:) was scarcely more successful. Only a part of the Spirituals joined the new order, and the secession scarcely lasted beyond the reign of the hermit-pope. 1153:'s envoys, who were obliged to threaten the university authorities with excommunication, that the degree of doctor of theology was finally conceded to the 640:

made such an impression on him that he decided to devote himself wholly to a life of apostolic poverty. Clad in a rough garment, barefoot, and, after the

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open to male and female members. They adhere to the teachings and spiritual disciplines of the founder and of his main associates and followers, such as

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life. After founding the Friars Minor and seeing a need, Francis created a way of life to which married men and women, as well as the single and the

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succeeded in reducing some of the smaller branches, but left the division of the two great parties untouched. This division was finally legalized by

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The Friars Minor in China (1294–1955): Especially the Years 1925–55, Based on the Research of Friars Bernward Willeke and Domenico Gandolfi, OFM

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some medical authorities who examined Padre Pio's wounds were inclined to believe that the stigmata were connected with nervous or cataleptic

9498: 9285: 8288: 7625: 6904: 6892: 6267: 4720:. Biblioteca humanística e teológica (in Portuguese). Vol. 11. Porto: Universidade Católica Portugesa, Fundação Eng António de Almeida. 2312: 5681: 8168: 5045: 4428: 2985: 327:" (1520). The Order of Friars Minor, in its current form, is the result of an amalgamation of several smaller orders completed in 1897 by 8837: 8580: 8118: 7411: 7312: 6928: 6588: 6086: 3062: 2738: 2614:, a Capuchin, who also reported visions of Jesus and Mary. Pio's stigmata persisted for over fifty years and he was examined by numerous 2423: 2554:." Francis expressed great affection towards animals and inanimate natural objects as fellow inhabitants of God's creation, in his work 9493: 8522: 8425: 7016: 617: 1029:

begging. When in 1230, the General Chapter could not agree on a common interpretation of the 1223 Rule it sent a delegation including

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In the external successes of the brothers, as they were reported at the yearly general chapters, there was much to encourage Francis.

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Francis of Assisi, founder of the Order of Friars Minor; oldest known portrait in existence of Francis, dating back to his retreat to

9458: 9320: 8238: 7458: 7416: 6723: 5640: 3332: 7833: 7508: 7485: 7473: 6500: 6243: 5864: 3746:"Origins of papal infallibility, 1150–1350: a study on the concepts of infallibility, sovereignty and tradition in the Middle Ages" 3662: 2969: 2454: 1522:. In 1330, Antipope Nicholas V submitted, followed later by the ex-general Michael, and finally, just before his death, by Ockham. 780:

led a small group of friars to England. The branch of the Order arriving in England became known as the "greyfriars". Beginning at

273: 3815: 3590: 3574: 1796:. Notable examples of Observants include the four burned during the suppression of the Observant houses in 1318 mentioned above. 1415:

in support of their view. In 1317, John XXII formally condemned the group of them known as the Fraticelli. On 26 March 1322, with

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for his order, and had others who wished to join him do the same. Those who joined him became the original Order of Friars Minor.

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Some 300,000 Jews, up to a quarter of the Spanish population, had to convert to Catholicism or flee Spain, or were killed in the

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The Franciscan order boasts a number of distinguished members. From its first century can be cited the three great scholastics

1680:, 1446) aimed at the same result, but again nothing was accomplished. Equally unsuccessful were the attempts of the Franciscan 796:, the intellectual capital. From these three bases the Franciscans swiftly expanded to embrace the principal towns of England. 468:. Francis thus referred to his followers as "Fraticelli", meaning "Little Brothers". Franciscan brothers are informally called 1099:(1244–47), consolidated this greater democracy in the Order but also led the Order towards a greater clericalization. The new 9437: 9385: 8017: 7051: 6880: 6195: 5744: 5494: 5430: 5401: 5371: 5343: 5315: 5294: 5268: 5240: 5212: 5147: 5120: 5093: 5066: 4999: 4971: 4943: 4915: 4887: 4859: 4831: 4803: 4775: 4340: 4018: 3967: 3732: 2838: 2327: 2223:

Within a century of the death of Francis, members of the Third Order began to live in common, in an attempt to follow a more

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sided with the Spirituals and accused the pope of heresy. In reply to the argument of his opponents that Nicholas III's bull

721: 6283: 5415:– Shows how Franciscans shifted away from an early emphasis on poverty and humility and instead emphasized educational roles 4499: 9375: 9111: 7629: 7564: 7241: 7081: 7028: 6735: 6251: 5617: 4677: 6315: 3097: 9415: 9245: 8153: 7900: 7194: 6275: 5906: 5830: 4515: 2401: 4067: 3617: 3520: 2196:

in 1978, and the Third Order was renamed the Secular Franciscan Order. It is an international organization with its own

1715:

All of the groups that followed the Franciscan Rule literally were united to the Observants, and the right to elect the

1530: 1298:(1305–14) this party succeeded in exercising some influence on papal decisions. In 1309 Clement had a commission sit at 9074: 8571: 8180: 7905: 7468: 6862: 5458: 5184: 5027: 4725: 3889: 3782: 3422: 2130: 2109:) follows the observance of Pope Urban. Other branches established since that time, who operate under their own unique 1873:'s expedition to Central America in 1524, but Fray Pedro de Gante initiated the evangelization process and studied the 1843: 5652: 4311: 3305: 1439:

of anything even in common, thus forcing them to accept ownership. And, on 12 November 1323, he issued the short bull

1432:

or by personal right, we corporately and unanimously declare to be not heretical, but true and catholic." By the bull

1332:, and required the formal submission of the Spirituals. Some of them, encouraged by the strongly Observantist general 9661: 9057: 8659: 8306: 8140: 7591: 7496: 7479: 7172: 6851: 6341: 6334: 5022:. Classics of Western spirituality. Translated by Regis J. Armstrong and Ignatius C. Brady. New York: Paulist Press. 1270:, an old friend of the order, to end the strife by uniting the Observantist party with his own order of hermits (see 1112:(1247–57) and the Order refused to implement any provisions of Innocent IV that were laxer than those of Gregory IX. 5549:

La Liberazione dei 'Captivi' tra Cristianità e Islam: Oltre la Crociata e il Gihad: Tolleranza e Servizio Umanitario

4537: 1737: 872:

was established, with Brother Elias as Minister. By 1229 the friars had a small house near the fifth station of the

9571: 9119: 8872: 8817: 8682: 8417: 8413: 8158: 7943: 7890: 7380: 7359: 7273: 7040: 6934: 6922: 6898: 6687: 6299: 5911: 5896: 2642:

the wounds were examined by Luigi Romanelli, chief physician of the City Hospital of Barletta, for about one year;

2518: 2416: 2390: 1964: 1134: 698:

and Francis was ordained as a deacon, allowing him to proclaim Gospel passages and preach in churches during Mass.

507: 320: 189: 4390: 2610:

himself was one of the first reported cases of stigmata, and perhaps the most famous stigmatic of modern times is

932:(1342) declared the Franciscans as the official custodians of the Holy Places in the name of the Catholic Church. 604:, with two crossed arms: Christ's right hand with the nail wound and Francis' left hand with the stigmata wound." 9580: 8922: 8897: 8862: 8857: 8822: 8702: 8301: 8185: 7775: 7738: 7621: 7601: 7557: 7216: 7145: 7063: 6945: 6868: 6717: 6633: 6079: 5847: 3551: 1835: 1115: 593:

Franciscan Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (OFM Cap.): 1,542 communities; 10,355 members (including 6,796 priests)

590:

Franciscan Order of Friars Minor Conventual (OFM Conv.): 572 communities; 3,981 members (including 2,777 priests)

5664: 1494:. Only a small part of the Franciscan Order joined the opponents of John XXII, and at a general chapter held in 9646: 9518: 9230: 8917: 8887: 8867: 8807: 8597: 8313: 7851: 7843: 7755: 7616: 7596: 7139: 7116: 6856: 6792: 5901: 2949: 2526: 1997: 1827: 1823: 1645: 557: 496: 324: 194: 1546:, some of which developed within the Order on both hermit and cenobitic principles and may here be mentioned: 8892: 8882: 8208: 8079: 7977: 7674: 7231: 6217: 5853: 5818: 5518:

Halevi, Masha (2012). "Between Faith and Science: Franciscan Archaeology in the Service of the Holy Places".

5287:

In the Name of St. Francis: A History of the Friars Minor and Franciscanism until the Early Sixteenth Century

4164: 2700:

produced the first complete translation of the Catholic Bible in Chinese in 1968 after a 40-year effort. The

2685: 2678: 2522: 2433: 1732: 1716: 1088: 6399: 2940:

During the "spiritual conquest" of New Spain, 1523–1572, the arrival of the first group of Franciscans, the

2841:(built 1228–53), was cultivated as a rule principally by members of the order or men under their influence. 9473: 9444: 9427: 9335: 8947: 8912: 8902: 8480: 8461: 8323: 8074: 7987: 7347: 7318: 7302: 7210: 7199: 7099: 6980: 6545: 6131: 5941: 2882: 2701: 2157: 1693: 1462: 666:

In spite of some similarities between this principle and some of the fundamental ideas of the followers of

543: 257: 173: 1306:, the leader, after Olivi's death, of the stricter party, who was a member of the commission, induced the 9483: 8233: 8101: 7970: 7453: 7341: 7307: 7256: 2910: 2252: 2216: 1620: 1168: 27: 5551:. Collectanea Archivi Vaticani. Vol. 46. Vatican City: Archivio Segreto Vaticano. pp. 219–244. 4286: 4242: 1554:

The Clareni or Clarenini was an association of hermits established on the river Clareno in the march of

316: 9400: 9198: 8852: 8504: 8470: 8429: 7251: 7226: 7156: 7110: 7057: 7022: 6992: 6939: 6434: 6072: 4471: 4450: 3051: 936: 835: 749: 5486:

Peace and good in America: a history of Holy Name Province Order of Friars Minor, 1850s to the present

2326:

The Regular Tertiaries, officially the Third Order Regular of St. Francis of Penance, who operate the

9590: 9536: 9207: 9157: 8847: 8802: 7910: 7490: 7401: 7151: 6986: 6833: 6538: 6365: 5859: 5737: 5700: 4655: 4562: 4110: 2941: 2708: 2603: 2429: 2268: 2061: 1882: 1266:(1289–96), and of the Franciscan Pope Nicholas IV (1288–92). The attempt made by the next pope, 361: 9620: 9556: 9478: 9449: 9069: 9064: 8942: 8842: 8827: 8812: 8654: 8475: 8365: 8283: 8107: 8084: 8035: 7708: 7385: 7267: 7262: 7184: 7034: 6963: 6764: 6527: 6458: 6442: 6126: 6115: 5953: 5936: 5811: 5696: 5596: 4260: 3046: 2844:

The early spiritual poetry of Italy was partially inspired by Francis himself, who was followed by

2624: 2472: 2468: 2386: 2382: 2370:

founded the "Poor Hermits of Saint Francis of Assisi", later known as the "Hermits of the Order of

2243: 2184: 1404:

of 20 November 1312 failed to effect a compromise between the two factions. Clement V's successor,

552: 455: 233: 168: 6356: 4746: 2961: 1257:(1287–89); but the Spiritual party under the leadership of the Bonaventuran pupil and apocalyptic 9541: 9173: 9134: 9101: 8547: 8527: 8395: 8273: 8223: 8002: 7803: 7743: 7246: 6998: 6729: 6639: 6522: 5686: 4133: 3141: 2981: 2934: 2371: 1045: 1044:

immediately. Elias pursued with great severity the principal leaders of the opposition, and even

691: 5088:. Francis of Assisi: Early Documents. Vol. 2 (Illustrated ed.). New City Press. 2000. 4432: 3452: 3359: 3241: 596:

Third Order Regular of Saint Francis (TOR): 147 communities; 813 members (including 581 priests)

9610: 9551: 9546: 9180: 8986: 8907: 8832: 8712: 8390: 8278: 8218: 7895: 7783: 7353: 7104: 6916: 3262:

Schwaller, John F. (2014). "Francis of Assisi: The Life by Augustine Thompson, O.P. (review)".

3213: 2977: 2856:. Through a tradition which held him to have been a member of the Franciscan Third Order, even 2765: 2476: 2296: 2212: 1667: 1662: 1612: 1491: 1391: 1254: 1238: 897: 781: 679: 648: 5691: 5142:. Francis of Assisi: Early Documents. Vol. 4 (Annotated ed.). New City Press. 2002. 5115:. Francis of Assisi: Early Documents. Vol. 3 (Annotated ed.). New City Press. 2001. 2862: 1692:, after a general chapter held in Rome in 1517, in connection with the reform-movement of the 9315: 9142: 8567: 8348: 8213: 8059: 7765: 7703: 7662: 7647: 7463: 7396: 7069: 6957: 6951: 6810: 6466: 6111: 5926: 5891: 5784: 4139: 3458: 3395: 3365: 3247: 2630: 2571: 2114: 2089: 1951: 1928: 1785: 1781: 1458: 1229:(1279–85), also followed a middle course. Severe measures were taken against certain extreme 1226: 682: 626: 485: 405: 336: 296: 245: 184: 2945: 1886: 1498:

in 1329 the majority of all the houses declared their submission to the Pope. With the bull

9641: 8719: 8688: 8585: 8466: 8380: 8260: 8163: 7880: 7875: 7798: 7748: 7679: 7657: 6910: 6699: 6174: 6038: 5921: 5806: 5730: 5644: 5176: 5166: 4026: 3861: 3720: 3689: 3389: 2973: 2647: 2480: 2288: 2215:(1819–1876) was a member of the Third Order of St. Francis who became the foundress of the 2122: 1604: 276:

orders or other groups have been established since late 1800s as well, particularly in the

269: 253: 5641:

Online guide to the Academy of American Franciscan History Microfilm Collection, 1526–1972

3975: 2874: 1793: 1745: 1048:, the founder's first disciple, was obliged to conceal himself for years in the forest of 8: 9508: 9410: 9203: 9187: 8707: 8617: 8068: 8012: 7960: 7861: 7823: 6752: 6604: 6450: 6391: 6158: 5958: 5289:. Translated by Robert J. Karris and Raphael Bonanno. Franciscan Institute Publications. 5044:

Francis of Assisi. Armstrong, Regis J.; Hellmann, J. A. Wayne; Short, William J. (eds.).

4135:

A Franciscan Inquisitor's Manual and its Compositional Context: 'Codex Casanatensis' 1730

3336: 2926: 2798: 2775: 2566: 2514: 2320: 2149: 1919: 1878: 1861: 1811: 1801: 1608: 1479: 1356:

A few years later a new controversy, this time theoretical, broke out on the question of

1279: 1142: 1096: 761: 578: 366: 332: 5061:. Francis of Assisi: Early Documents. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). New City Press. 1999. 3666: 3548:""Brother Elia of Cortona ", Basilica Papale e Sacro convent di San Francesco in Assisi" 1221:

The successor to Bonaventure, Jerome of Ascoli or Girolamo Masci (1274–79), (the future

587:

Order of Friars Minor (OFM): 1,915 communities; 12,476 members (including 8,512 priests)

583:

gave the following figures for the membership of the principal male Franciscan orders:.

303:. Franciscans traveled and preached in the streets, while staying in church properties. 9528: 9345: 8203: 8195: 7938: 7639: 7606: 7538: 7364: 6816: 6746: 6564: 6506: 6474: 6053: 5535: 5453:. Studies and texts. Vol. 33. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. 4224: 4216: 3819: 3594: 3571: 3279: 2930: 2886: 2878: 2806: 2745: 2503: 2499: 2488: 2464: 2166:

comprises people who desired to grow in holiness in their daily lives without entering

1870: 1303: 1275: 1092: 1025: 5715:, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Henrietta Leyser, Anthony Kenny & Alexander Murray ( 4583:

Handbook of Middle American Indians, Vol. 13: Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources, Pt. 2.

4516:"Bartleby.com: Great Books Online – Quotes, Poems, Novels, Classics and hundreds more" 2957: 1780:

As well as acting as prosecutors, many friars, particularly those associated with the

764:, a zealous advocate of the founder's strict principle of poverty, began in 1221 from 9488: 8724: 8049: 7929: 7696: 7652: 7236: 7161: 7122: 6874: 6482: 6407: 6095: 5765: 5539: 5490: 5464: 5454: 5426: 5397: 5390: 5367: 5339: 5311: 5290: 5264: 5236: 5208: 5180: 5143: 5116: 5089: 5062: 5023: 4995: 4967: 4939: 4911: 4883: 4855: 4827: 4799: 4771: 4767:

Spiritual Franciscans: From Protest to Persecution in the Century After Saint Francis

4742: 4721: 4228: 3885: 3778: 3728: 3708: 3418: 3283: 3056: 2802: 2761: 2659: 2607: 2547: 2346: 2272: 2228: 2097: 2081: 1988: 1789: 1559: 1454: 1450: 1367: 1357: 1333: 1307: 1246: 1205: 1150: 1138: 1070: 971: 909: 744: 725: 708: 671: 411: 381: 292: 241: 144: 87: 4474:. Saint Joseph Cupertino Fraternity, Secular Franciscan Order (OFS). 21 January 2014 4369: 2898: 2598:

Among Catholic religious, Franciscans have proportionally reported higher ratios of

2529:, and the Evangelische Kanaan Franziskus-Bruderschaft (Kanaan Franciscan Brothers). 52:

A cross, Christ's arm and Saint Francis's arm, a universal symbol of the Franciscans

9350: 9124: 9086: 9044: 8972: 8967: 8934: 8741: 8674: 8637: 8632: 8612: 8607: 8532: 8385: 8375: 8335: 7866: 7684: 7667: 7442: 7204: 7167:

Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary

6200: 6008: 5988: 5799: 5682:

Lewis E 253 Manuscript of an evangelist and prebendary of the minor orders at OPenn

5527: 4208: 3271: 3027: 2953: 2902: 2894: 2890: 2870: 2853: 2845: 2794: 2753: 2697: 2689: 2674: 2651: 2367: 2197: 1973: 1874: 1807: 1765: 1753: 1387: 1371: 1310:

to arrive at a decision in the main favoring his views, and the papal constitution

1267: 1263: 1250: 1222: 1176: 1146: 1100: 1030: 1013: 956: 913: 901: 814: 810: 777: 757: 717: 659:; but they spent much of their time traveling through the mountainous districts of 452: 387: 265: 230: 8590: 5204:

Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages

4344: 4015: 3964: 9585: 9468: 9325: 9290: 9096: 9091: 9016: 9011: 8952: 8877: 8627: 8557: 8089: 8030: 7580: 7436: 7004: 6705: 6018: 5978: 5874: 5789: 5668: 5656: 5621: 5600: 5531: 5484: 5448: 5420: 5392:

The Poor and the Perfect: the rise of learning in the Franciscan order, 1209–1310

5361: 5333: 5305: 5258: 5230: 5202: 5170: 5137: 5110: 5083: 5056: 5017: 4989: 4961: 4933: 4905: 4877: 4849: 4821: 4793: 4765: 4715: 4585: 4503: 4496: 4143: 4022: 3971: 3716: 3621: 3578: 3524: 3412: 3003: 2918: 2914: 2857: 2810: 2460: 2077: 2069: 2032: 1761: 1757: 1634: 1616: 1278:

annulled Celestine's bull of foundation with his other acts, deposed the general

1154: 1075: 1034: 987: 921: 868:. The Franciscan presence in the Holy Land started in 1217, when the province of 712: 630: 432: 348: 304: 261: 237: 156: 6742:

Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno

6573: 5613: 5425:. British Society of Franciscan Studies. Vol. 16. Oxford University Press. 4685: 3006:, writer, and blogger. Cole runs his own online blog and YouTube channel called 2654:, who agreed that the wounds existed but made no other comment; and pathologist 1091:

to the Ministers Provincial sitting in chapter. The next two Ministers General,

9503: 9432: 9280: 9215: 9001: 8991: 8977: 8962: 8642: 8537: 8421: 8400: 7934: 7813: 7788: 7760: 7691: 7526: 7179:

Congregation of the Franciscan Hospitaller Sisters of the Immaculate Conception

6627: 6512: 6179: 5998: 5993: 5983: 5931: 5841: 4598: 4588:(ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press, 1973, pp. 142–143, 186–239, 256–275. 3187: 3136: 3101: 2906: 2779: 2591: 2437: 2284: 2171: 2040: 1857: 1831: 1685: 1681: 1671: 1562:(1337). Like several other smaller congregations, it was obliged in 1568 under 1405: 1395: 1317: 1295: 1234: 1157: 1084: 889: 729: 568: 218: 4519: 3644: 3473: 3067: 2005:) are the youngest branch of Franciscans, founded in 1525 by Matteo Serafini ( 376: 9635: 9395: 9355: 9240: 9162: 9147: 8996: 8957: 8763: 8647: 8444: 8113: 7828: 7087: 6758: 6003: 5468: 4059: 3631: 3614: 3534: 3517: 2655: 2643: 2510: 2189: 2110: 1943: 1769: 1658: 1583: 1283: 1172: 1109: 1037:

for an authentic interpretation of this piece of papal legislation. The bull

845: 687: 458:

of men, some of whom trace their origin to Francis of Assisi. Their official

339:

with different emphases. Conventual Franciscans are sometimes referred to as

328: 7370:

Sisters of Charity of Saints Bartolomea Capitanio and Vincenza Gerosa (SCCG)

5712: 3451: 3358: 3240: 2948:, but more prominently for his corpus of writings on the earliest years was 2771: 768:, with twenty-five companions, to win for the Order the land watered by the 9370: 9305: 9235: 9225: 9152: 9052: 9021: 8797: 8746: 8514: 8456: 8353: 8124: 8041: 7997: 7992: 7982: 7793: 7720: 7093: 7010: 6821: 6781: 6657: 6651: 6532: 5649: 4319: 4181:

Nájera, Guillermo Antonio Nájera, and William B. Taylor. "Franciscans", in

3287: 2922: 2822: 2818: 2551: 2426:

started in 1987, and are now a Public Clerical Association of the Faithful.

2276: 2263: 2193: 2006: 1183:, so called because they were ratified by the Order at its chapter held at 1016:, Minister Provincial of Spain, was elected Minister General of the order. 1002:, a close companion of Francis during his last years and the author of the 873: 861: 740: 652: 637: 622: 300: 5674: 4090:

The Origin, Development, and Refinement of Medieval Religious Mendicancies

3275: 3122: 3098:"Do the Franciscans have a coat or arms like many other religious orders?" 1316:(1313) was on the whole conceived in the same sense. Clement's successor, 9566: 9422: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9250: 8552: 8487: 8343: 8268: 8246: 8094: 7856: 7818: 7522: 7329: 7075: 6681: 6675: 6121: 6013: 5916: 5627: 4533: 2849: 2757: 2749: 2727: 2639: 2495: 2484: 2102: 2085: 2052: 2036: 1848: 1728: 1563: 1504:

of 16 November 1329, John XXII replied to Michael of Cesena's attacks on

1449:

Influential members of the order protested, such as the minister general

1258: 1161: 1119: 999: 967: 667: 539: 525: 370: 308: 2238:

was formed in 1447 by a papal decree that united several communities of

2192:, himself a member of the Order. A new and current Rule was approved by 1915: 1877:

through his contacts with children of the Indian elite from the city of

826:, was at least equal in numbers and activity to the followers of Elias. 600:

The coat of arms that is a universal symbol of Franciscan "contains the

9260: 9255: 9079: 9006: 8622: 8542: 8173: 6886: 6845: 6827: 6669: 6663: 6426: 4394: 3388: 3031: 2996: 2992: 2331: 2073: 1810:

to root out heretics, leading further persecution and execution (e.g.,

1689: 1600: 1594:

This was founded in the hermitage of St. Bartholomew at Brugliano near

1543: 1271: 1230: 885: 785: 641: 163: 20: 4770:. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. 4220: 4196: 3291: 2471:(women, founded 1905) (CSF), the Poor Clares of Reparation (PCR), the 2295:

period which devastated much of Western Europe. An example of this is

2208: 840:

After an intense apostolic activity in Italy, in 1219 Francis went to

9365: 9360: 9330: 9026: 8789: 8773: 8758: 8602: 8492: 8370: 8360: 8228: 8007: 7502: 6775: 6517: 5794: 5661: 3777:. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press. 1996. pp. 117–118. 3440:(Citta del Vaticano: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2022, pp. 1386–1387. 2723: 2704:

is often considered the authoritative Chinese Bible among Catholics.

2693: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2575: 2378:. There are mendicant friars, contemplative nuns, and lay tertiaries. 2375: 2257: 2167: 2028: 1947: 1894: 1650: 1534:

A Christian missionary friar landing in southern India (14th century)

1164:(1257), who had previously been able to lecture only as licentiates. 1133:

Elias, who had been excommunicated and taken under the protection of

893: 601: 356: 7280:

Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Mother of God

6064: 5335:

A History of the Franciscan Order: From Its Origins to the Year 1517

4907:

The Fraternal Economy: A Pastoral Psychology of Franciscan Economics

2509:

There are further some small Franciscan communities within European

2105:

the day before Clare's death in 1253. The main branch of the Order (

1984: 546:, has many men and women members, separated into two main branches: 47: 9605: 9513: 9340: 8439: 7808: 7533: 6622: 6559: 6349: 6048: 4798:. History series. Vol. 10. Franciscan Institute Publications. 4212: 2670: 2635: 2599: 2419:

started in 1987, and the Franciscan Sisters of the Renewal in 1988.

2394: 2342: 2292: 1539: 1483: 1375: 1374:, by which all property given to the Franciscans was vested in the 1349: 1344: 1184: 857: 853: 765: 281: 277: 7549: 5310:. History series. Vol. 4. Franciscan Institute Publications. 5263:. History series. Vol. 5. Franciscan Institute Publications. 4882:. History series. Vol. 7. Franciscan Institute Publications. 4826:. History series. Vol. 8. Franciscan Institute Publications. 4748:

Chronicle of the Twenty-Four Generals of the Order of Friars Minor

4622: 3624:

Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 28 December 2019

3527:

Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 28 December 2019

9310: 8148: 8022: 7965: 6974: 6143: 4991:

The Birth of a Movement: A Study of the First Rule of St. Francis

4938:. Franciscan Pathways Series. Franciscan Institute Publications. 4751:. Translated by Noel Muscat. Malta: TAU Franciscan Communications 4290: 3630:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

3533:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

2965: 2830: 2712: 2337: 2224: 1595: 1588: 1487: 1422: 1339: 1299: 952: 881: 877: 821: 695: 670:, the brotherhood of Assisi succeeded in gaining the approval of 213: 3518:

Robinson, Paschal. "Elias of Cortona." The Catholic Encyclopedia

644:

precept, without staff or scrip, he began to preach repentance.

488:, also known as the Observants, are most commonly simply called 9463: 8768: 8753: 8697: 8664: 7422:

Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary

5835: 5450:

Friars in the Cathedral: The First Franciscan Bishops 1226–1261

3499: 3333:"The rule of the Franciscan Order from the Medieval Sourcebook" 2860:

may be included within this artistic tradition (cf. especially

2834: 2487:

known as the Third Order Society of St Francis (TSSF), and the

2239: 1555: 1055:

The conflict between the two parties lasted many years and the

1009: 849: 793: 789: 773: 660: 656: 399: 352: 331:. The latter two, the Capuchin and Conventual, remain distinct 5722: 3414:

Clare of Assisi and the Poor Sisters in the Thirteenth Century

3163: 3100:. Franciscan Friars: Province of Santa Barbara. Archived from 1852:

Franciscan friars look at the sea and city landscape from the

1320:(1316–34), favored the laxer or conventual party. By the bull 9561: 8729: 8693: 2999: 2646:, a private practitioner who examined them in 1920 and 1925; 2145: 1495: 1049: 1021: 869: 865: 841: 806: 769: 459: 244:, these orders include three independent orders for men (the 5692:

14 Regulae ordinis fratrum minorum Franciscani etc. at OPenn

5687:

Lewis E 258 Life of Holy Francis and his companions at OPenn

4264: 3137:"Franciscan | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica" 2696:

for the study of scripture. The Hong Kong branch founded by

860:, initiating a spirit of dialogue and understanding between 431:). Francis adopted the simple tunic worn by peasants as the 8734: 8453: 5968: 4415: 3615:

Robinson, Paschal. "Brother Leo." The Catholic Encyclopedia

2628:, his wounds healed once, but reappeared. According to the 2586: 1188: 288: 9652:

Christian religious orders established in the 13th century

5579: 2760:, and the well-known mystic authors and popular preachers 2374:", and then renamed the "Order of Minims" in 1506 by Pope 567:(TOR) live in religious communities under the traditional 5573: 5422:

Franciscan Philosophy at Oxford in the Thirteenth Century

4935:

The Franciscan Concept of Mission in the High Middle Ages

4558: 2065: 249: 5592: 4138:(PhD dissertation). Fordham University. pp. 1–372. 3012:

Let Go: Seven Stumbling Blocks to Christian Discipleship

2665: 1302:

for the purpose of reconciling the conflicting parties.

5232:

A Poor Man's Legacy: An Anthology of Franciscan Poverty

4368:. Franciscans International. 2013-04-10. Archived from 2302: 248:

being the largest contemporary male order), orders for

5567: 4879:

The Friars Minor in Ireland from their arrival to 1400

4876:

Cotter, Francis J. (1994). Roberta A. McKelvie (ed.).

3042:

List of ministers general of the Order of Friars Minor

2869:

Other famous members of the Franciscan family include

2711:

who had attempted a first translation of the Bible in

2494:

There is also an order of Sisters of St. Clare in the

3877: 1471:

was fixed and irrevocable, John XXII issued the bull

1370:

had confirmed the arrangement already established by

920:) bought the Cenacle and gave it to the Franciscans. 514:, official name: Friars Minor Conventual (OFM Conv.). 7325:

Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary

5235:. Franciscan Pathways Series. Franciscan Institute. 4823:

The Leonine Union of the Order of Friars Minor: 1897

2287:

superiors. The great figure of this development was

942: 799: 295:

in 1209 to form a new religious order. The original

287:

Francis began preaching around 1207 and traveled to

19:"Minorites" redirects here. Not to be confused with 16:

Group of religious orders within the Catholic Church

7047:

Missionaries of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary

6694:

Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary

5207:. Medieval World Series (4th ed.). Routledge. 4717:

O simbolismo da natureza em Santo António de Lisboa

4648:"Priestly Ordination of Casey Cole Set for June 22" 4341:"Tertius Ordo Regularis Sancti Francisci | History" 3037:

Association of Franciscan Colleges and Universities

2793:During the Middle Ages noteworthy members included 1957: 1922:(1420–1482), reformer of the Order of Friars Minor 1806:The Inquisition spread to the new world during the 1326:he modified several provisions of the constitution 647:He was soon joined by a prominent fellow townsman, 7286:Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary 5389: 2964:, who all created texts in indigenous language of 2389:, started in 1898 as a religious community in the 2174:, could belong and live according to the Gospel. 1722: 1390:had said would begin in 1260) pitched against the 732:, still today the spiritual centre of the Order. 503:, official name: Friars Minor Capuchin (OFM Cap.). 319:within the Catholic Church, the others being the " 26:"Grey Friars" redirects here. For other uses, see 7432:Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary 6603: 6374:Quatre petites prières de saint François d'Assise 5671:– extensive list of Franciscan internet resources 5260:The Franciscan Spirituals and the Capuchin Reform 5015: 4741: 4243:"Br. Massimo Fusarelli, new OFM Minister General" 3637: 2602:and have claimed proportionally higher ratios of 2536: 2409: 1979: 1578: 1566:to unite with the general body of Observantists. 1145:and the Bishops of France combined to attack the 443:The First Order or the Order of Friars Minor, or 9633: 7449:Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods 7336:Poor Clare Missionaries of the Blessed Sacrament 5947:Brothers and Sisters of Penance of Saint Francis 5489:(Illustrated ed.). Holy Name Province OFM. 4713: 4289:. Francescanitor.org. 2013-05-12. Archived from 4183:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures 3449: 3386: 3356: 2707:The early efforts of another Franciscan, namely 2088:in the year 1212, they were organized after the 728:is buried, a building which includes the friary 694:to the plebeian mendicant orders. The group was 571:. They grew out of the Secular Franciscan Order. 7297:Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus 5172:Saint Clare of Assisi: her life and legislation 3723:and another translation in Rosalind B. Brooke, 1175:was seen as favoring the condemned theology of 788:, the ecclesiastical capital, they moved on to 7190:Daughters of Mary of the Immaculate Conception 6236:Nativity with Saint Francis and Saint Lawrence 5396:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. 4791: 3474:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Rule of Saint Francis" 2436:(NGO) with General Consultative status at the 2355:Brothers and Sisters of Penance of St. Francis 2338:Brothers and Sisters of Penance of St. Francis 1936:) has 1,500 houses in about 100 provinces and 1881:. Later, in May 1524, with the arrival of the 1340:Renewed controversy on the question of poverty 888:. Later on, in 1309, they also settled in the 7565: 6589: 6080: 5738: 5628:Third Order Regular of St. Francis of Penance 5175:. London: J.M. Dent & Sons, Ltd. p. 5165: 5043: 3818:. Christusrex.org. 2001-12-30. Archived from 3687: 3417:. St. Bonaventure, NY: Franciscan Institute. 3070:(1604-1659) Spanish missionary in New Mexico. 2448: 2313:Brothers of the Poor of St. Francis of Assisi 2236:Third Order Regular of St. Francis of Penance 2010: 1991:(1487–1564), co-founder of the Capuchin Order 1900: 1733:Medieval Inquisition § Papal inquisition 1056: 819: 105:Via S. Maria Mediatrice 25, 00165 Rome, Italy 4197:"The Church of San Francisco in Mexico City" 3873: 3871: 3016:Called: What Happens After Saying Yes to God 2986:history of the Franciscans in central Mexico 2381:The Society of the Atonement, also known as 998:The earliest leader of the strict party was 7412:Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary 7313:Oblate Sisters of the Virgin Mary of Fatima 6929:Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word 4987: 3063:Supply of Franciscan missions in New Mexico 2739:Oxford University Museum of Natural History 2559: 2424:Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word 2177: 1937: 1893:, which became Franciscan headquarters for 1703: 1697: 1675: 1628: 1517: 1511: 1505: 1499: 1472: 1466: 1440: 1433: 1427: 1416: 1410: 1399: 1361: 1327: 1321: 1311: 1199: 1192: 1171:at this time issued a Joachimite tract and 1038: 1003: 829: 711:for help in 1219. He was assigned Cardinal 576: 463: 418: 403: 311:(Order of Saint Clare) of the Franciscans. 97:Mendicant Order of Pontifical Right for men 9494:International Alliance of Catholic Knights 7572: 7558: 7017:Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus 6596: 6582: 6087: 6073: 5745: 5731: 4792:Camps, Arnulf; McCloskey, Patrick (1995). 3810: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3513: 3511: 3431: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3306:"All Saints of the Seraphic Order (Feast)" 2152:, honored as the first Franciscan tertiary 1760:appointed the Franciscans, along with the 1619:(b. 1435? at Munster; was a member of the 1122:(1221–1274), painting by Claude François ( 335:within the Catholic Church, observing the 4903: 4534:"Padre Pio: Biography and Much More from" 3868: 3764: 3762: 3410: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3335:. Fordham.edu. 1999-09-22. Archived from 3261: 3232: 2658:who also observed the wounds but made no 1525: 1282:, and appointed a man of laxer tendency, 880:allowed the Franciscans to settle in the 674:. What seems to have impressed first the 115:12,476 members (8,512 priests) as of 2020 7486:Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls 7474:Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart 6893:Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux 6501:List of places named after Saint Francis 5865:Franciscan spirituality in Protestantism 5546: 5256: 5200: 4449:. Conventual Franciscans. Archived from 4318:. Franciscan Friars, TOR. Archived from 3816:"History of the Franciscan Movement (3)" 3608: 3490: 3214:"Saint Francis of Assisi, Italian Saint" 2770: 2722: 2669: 2585: 2546:Franciscan theology conforms to broader 2483:(men, founded in 2003). There is also a 2455:Franciscan spirituality in Protestantism 2341: 2207: 2144: 2027: 1983: 1914: 1910: 1847: 1736: 1644: 1582: 1569: 1529: 1486:. The Franciscan chapter that opened in 1343: 1114: 1069: 951: 734: 616: 398: 394: 375: 369:, although the term elsewhere refers to 307:, under Francis's guidance, founded the 212: 7427:Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary 5650:Franciscan authors, 13th – 18th century 5446: 5387: 5359: 5332:Moorman, John Richard Humpidge (1988). 5331: 5304:Moorman, John Richard Humpidge (1983). 5303: 4847: 4819: 4431:. Franciscans in Action. Archived from 4194: 4131: 4054: 4052: 3884:. Vol. 1. Routledge. p. 373. 3797: 3508: 3316: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 2737:), statue from the 19th century in the 2581: 1840:Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda 1649:Franciscan Church from 15th century in 1233:who, on the strength of the rumor that 701: 523:The Second Order, most commonly called 240:. Founded in 1209 by the Italian saint 9634: 7953: 7375:Sisters of Christian Doctrine of Nancy 7342:Religious of the Sacred Heart of Jesus 7292:Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart 7222:Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus 5517: 4988:Flood, David; Matura, Thaddée (1975). 4931: 4875: 4714:Aguiar de Castro, José Acácio (1997). 3759: 3373: 2519:Franciscan orders in Lutheran Churches 2203: 1942:, with about 16,000 members. In 1897, 1603:, and was expressly recognized by the 947: 427:) to live like the poor and peasants ( 7553: 6881:Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament 6577: 6196:Feast of Saints Francis and Catherine 6094: 6068: 5764:Organisations founded or inspired by 5726: 5634: 5482: 5418: 5366:. Franciscan Institute Publications. 5284: 5228: 5019:Francis and Clare: The Complete Works 4959: 4675: 4645: 4070:from the original on October 26, 2007 4060:"Catholic Encyclopedia – Inquisition" 3591:"Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land" 3540: 3350: 3092: 3090: 3088: 2666:Contributions to biblical scholarship 2328:Franciscan University of Steubenville 1817: 1187:, France, in 1260. In the chapter of 7417:Sisters of the Immaculate Conception 7407:Sisters of the Holy Family-Louisiana 7242:Little Sisters Disciples of the Lamb 7237:Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary 7029:Missionaries of St. Francis de Sales 6969:Marians of the Immaculate Conception 6852:Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius 6736:Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo 6292:Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata 6268:Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata 4763: 4049: 3854:"Exivi de Paradiso – Pope Clement V" 3462:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 3443: 3399:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 3369:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 3251:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 3238: 3108: 2506:), the Little Sisters of St. Clare. 2303:Third Order Regular in North America 2076:order to be established. Founded by 1777:for use by Inquisitors in Tuscany. 492:, official name: Friars Minor (OFM). 7579: 7195:Daughters of the Holy Heart of Mary 5907:Franciscan Friars of the Immaculate 5831:Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi 3727:. Cambridge University Press, 2006 3496:Chesterton (1924), pp. 107–108 3438:Annuario Pontificio per l'anno 2022 2402:Franciscan Friars of the Immaculate 2360: 809:and Gregory of Naples, a nephew of 13: 7469:The Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace 7094:Rogationists of the Heart of Jesus 6791: 6308:Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy 6260:Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy 5419:Sharp, Dorothea Elizabeth (1966). 5363:The History of Franciscan Theology 5047:Francis of Assisi: Early Documents 4472:"What is Franciscan Spirituality?" 3939:"John XXII, Ad conditorem canonum" 3085: 2984:are important contributors to the 2952:. Other important Franciscans are 2718: 2570:). Special emphasis is put on the 2131:Poor Clares of Perpetual Adoration 2072:. The Poor Clares were the second 2045:Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi 1897:for the next three hundred years. 1844:Mexican secularization act of 1833 1744:, Jean-Paul Laurens‘ depiction of 1702:, were held strictly to their own 722:Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi 636:A sermon Francis heard in 1209 on 14: 9678: 7497:Servants of the Blessed Sacrament 7173:Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa 6335:All Creatures of Our God and King 5678:A UCD Digital Library Collection. 5586: 5556: 4391:"The Little Sisters of St. Clare" 3665:. August 14, 1279. Archived from 3593:. Christusrex.org. Archived from 2991:A modern notable member includes 2679:the Studium Biblicum Franciscanum 2479:(women, enclosed) (OSC), and the 2018: 1752:In about 1236 during the time of 1748:’s examination by the Inquisition 943:Development after Francis's death 800:Dissensions during Francis's life 748:, Bartolome del Castro, c. 1500 ( 9616: 9615: 9604: 9572:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul 9120:Criticism of the Catholic Church 7532: 7381:Sisters of the Cross and Passion 7360:Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament 7041:Missionaries of the Sacred Heart 6923:Franciscan Friars of the Renewal 6688:Congregation of Our Lady of Sion 6558: 6142: 6047: 6033: 6032: 5912:Franciscan Friars of the Renewal 5897:Order of Friars Minor Conventual 5873: 5607: 5580:Order of Friars Minor Conventual 5561: 4185:, Oxford University Press, 2001. 3625: 3528: 3456:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 3393:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 3363:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 3245:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 3164:"Community of Francis and Clare" 3123:"Order of Friars Minor (O.F.M.)" 2684:The Franciscans established the 2417:Franciscan Friars of the Renewal 2140: 1965:Order of Friars Minor Conventual 1958:Order of Friars Minor Conventual 1905: 1891:Convento Grande de San Francisco 1191:three years later Bonaventure's 508:Order of Friars Minor Conventual 417:The name of the original order, 46: 7739:First seven ecumenical councils 7480:Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres 7217:Handmaids of the Heart of Jesus 7064:Oblates of St. Francis de Sales 6869:Congregatio Discipulorum Domini 6718:Institute of the Incarnate Word 5848:Franciscan missions to the Maya 5752: 4963:Origins of the Franciscan Order 4669: 4639: 4615: 4591: 4576: 4565:from the original on 2018-10-05 4551: 4540:from the original on 2013-05-12 4526: 4508: 4486: 4464: 4421: 4408: 4383: 4358: 4333: 4304: 4279: 4253: 4235: 4188: 4175: 4165:"The Auto-da-fé of Mexico City" 4157: 4132:Clement, Geoffrey Ward (2013). 4125: 4095: 4082: 4031: 4009: 4000: 3980: 3958: 3949: 3931: 3922: 3904: 3881:Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia 3846: 3833: 3738: 3702: 3681: 3655: 3583: 3565: 3466: 3403: 3030:(1626-?) Spanish missionary in 3010:and is the author of the books 2541: 2393:, and came into union with the 2311:The Third Order Regular of the 1836:Franciscan missions to the Maya 1723:Franciscans and the Inquisition 1587:Franciscan convent at Lopud in 1211: 518: 447:are commonly called simply the 207:Order of Observant Friars Minor 9667:Catholicism in the Middle Ages 8314:Separation of church and state 7140:Adorers of the Blood of Christ 7117:Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer 5902:Order of Friars Minor Capuchin 5574:Order of Friars Minor Capuchin 5285:Merlo, Grado Giovanni (2009). 4678:"Casey Cole Writes First Book" 4493:Britannica Online Encyclopedia 4039:"John XXII, Quia vir reprobus" 3878:Christopher Kleinhenz (2003). 3298: 3255: 3206: 3188:"Franciscans, Religious Order" 3180: 3168:Community of Francis and Clare 3156: 3129: 2950:Toribio de Benavente Motolinia 2537:Distinguishing characteristics 2527:Evangelical Sisterhood of Mary 2475:(men, founded 1934)(SSF), the 2410:Other Franciscan organizations 2023: 1998:Order of Friars Minor Capuchin 1980:Order of Friars Minor Capuchin 1828:Spanish missions in New Mexico 1824:Spanish missions in California 1640: 1579:Reform of Johannes de Vallibus 1289: 1149:. It was due to the action of 533: 497:Order of Friars Minor Capuchin 438: 1: 9657:1209 establishments in Europe 7232:Holy Spirit Adoration Sisters 6840:Brothers of Our Lady of Mercy 6605:Catholic religious institutes 6546:Pranchiyettan & the Saint 6218:Little Flowers of St. Francis 5854:Studium Biblicum Franciscanum 5697:Franciscan Society Collection 5447:Thomson, Williell R. (1975). 4195:Chauvet, Fidel de J. (1950). 3453:"St. Francis of Assisi" 3411:Alberzoni, Maria Pia (2004). 3360:"Order of Friars Minor" 3242:"Order of Friars Minor" 3074: 2783: 2731: 2686:Studium Biblicum Franciscanum 2523:Order of Lutheran Franciscans 2434:Non-governmental organization 2219:, founded to serve the needy. 1717:Minister General of the Order 1360:. In his 14 August 1279 bull 1123: 975: 960: 896:. In 1335 the king of Naples 792:, the political capital, and 612: 384:Comforted by a Musician Angel 7391:Sisters of the Good Shepherd 7348:Religious of the Virgin Mary 7319:Order of Our Lady of Charity 7303:Oblate Sisters of Providence 7200:Faithful Companions of Jesus 6981:Society of Mary (Marianists) 6796:Coat of arms of Vatican City 6132:Third Order of Saint Francis 5942:Third Order of Saint Francis 5532:10.1080/00263206.2012.653139 4932:Daniel, E. Randolph (1992). 4904:Couturier, David B. (2007). 3912:"John XXII, Quia nonnunquam" 3505:Galli (2002), pp. 74–80 2883:Giovanni da Pian del Carpini 2702:Studium Biblicum Translation 2330:, follow a rule approved by 2164:Third Order of Saint Francis 2158:Third Order of Saint Francis 2035:(1194–1253), founder of the 1864:at the time), Brazil c. 1816 1216: 1065: 625:and the Confirmation of the 544:Third Order of Saint Francis 315:one of the three Franciscan 258:Third Order of Saint Francis 174:Third Order of Saint Francis 7: 7454:Sisters of the Sacred Heart 7308:Oblates of Jesus the Priest 7257:Living the Gospel Community 6244:Saint Francis in Meditation 5338:. Franciscan Herald Press. 5257:MacVicar, Thaddeus (1963). 4994:. Franciscan Herald Press. 4966:. Franciscan Herald Press. 4676:Hayes, Maria (2018-04-03). 4646:Hayes, Maria (2019-02-20). 4366:"Franciscans International" 3059:The founder of Franciscans. 3021: 2911:Simpliciano of the Nativity 2217:Poor Sisters of St. Francis 2101:which was approved by Pope 2095:The Poor Clares follow the 1621:Brethren of the Common Life 1169:Gerard of Borgo San Donnino 28:Greyfriars (disambiguation) 10: 9683: 9611:Catholic Church portal 7252:Little Sisters of the Poor 7157:Basilian Chouerite Sisters 7111:Servants of Jesus and Mary 7058:Oblates of the Virgin Mary 7052:Oblates of Mary Immaculate 7023:Missionaries of La Salette 6993:Society of the Divine Word 6975:Society of Jesus (Jesuits) 6863:Christian Brothers (Irish) 6435:The Flowers of St. Francis 6140: 5812:Custodian of the Holy Land 5713:Greyfriars and Blackfriars 5388:Senocak, Neslihan (2012). 5360:Osborne, Kenan B. (1994). 5307:Medieval Franciscan houses 5229:Lynch, Cyprian J. (1988). 5016:Francis of Assisi (1982). 4702: 2756:, the "Doctor of Wonders" 2459:One of the results of the 2452: 2449:Other Christian traditions 2242:following the Third Order 2155: 1901:Contemporary organizations 1821: 1726: 1549: 836:Custodian of the Holy Land 833: 750:Philadelphia Museum of Art 743:Approving the Rule of St. 607: 25: 18: 9599: 9537:Aid to the Church in Need 9527: 9384: 9197: 9158:Vatican Television Center 9133: 9043: 8933: 8803:Eastern Catholic Churches 8784: 8673: 8566: 8513: 8438: 8409: 8334: 8259: 8194: 8139: 8058: 7928: 7842: 7774: 7719: 7638: 7615: 7587: 7517: 7491:Sisters of Social Service 7402:Sisters of the Holy Cross 7152:Basilian Aleppian Sisters 7132: 6987:Society of Mary (Marists) 6803: 6789: 6611: 6555: 6539:The Sermon of St. Francis 6493: 6418: 6383: 6326: 6227: 6209: 6188: 6167: 6151: 6102: 6027: 5967: 5882: 5871: 5860:Franciscans International 5777: 5762: 5701:University College London 5483:White, Joseph M. (2004). 4848:Carmody, Maurice (2008). 4820:Carmody, Maurice (1994). 4447:"Franciscan Spirituality" 3450:Paschal Robinson (1913). 3387:Paschal Robinson (1913). 3357:Paschal Robinson (1913). 3052:List of Franciscan saints 2942:Twelve Apostles of Mexico 2709:Giovanni di Monte Corvino 2604:visions of Jesus and Mary 2556:Canticle of the Creatures 2430:Franciscans International 2255:("Grey Friars School" in 2129:– founded 1538), and the 1946:combined the Observants, 1883:Twelve Apostles of Mexico 1625:Observantes sub ministris 1453:, the English provincial 1181:Constitutions of Narbonne 939:is still in force today. 856:. He met with the Sultan 201: 180: 162: 150: 138: 119: 109: 101: 93: 83: 65: 57: 45: 38: 9662:13th-century Catholicism 9479:Communion and Liberation 8943:Eastern Catholic liturgy 8108:Mystici Corporis Christi 8036:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 7459:Sisters of Saint Francis 7386:Sisters of the Destitute 7268:Marianites of Holy Cross 7263:Lovers of the Holy Cross 7185:Daughters of Divine Love 7035:Missionaries of the Poor 6964:Little Brothers of Jesus 6875:Immaculate Heart of Mary 6765:Society of the Atonement 6528:Society of Saint Francis 6459:Brother Sun, Sister Moon 6411:(1983 Stockhausen opera) 6127:Secular Franciscan Order 6116:Custody of the Holy Land 5937:Secular Franciscan Order 5706: 5614:Secular Franciscan Order 3390:"Franciscan Order" 3218:Encyclopaedia Britannica 3192:Encyclopaedia Britannica 3079: 3047:Maria Antonio of Vicenza 2970:evangelization of Mexico 2778:(1380–1440), painted by 2625:Encyclopaedia Britannica 2473:Society of Saint Francis 2469:Community of St. Francis 2185:Secular Franciscan Order 2178:Secular Franciscan Order 1854:Convent of Santo Antônio 1742:L'agitateur du Languedoc 1074:A Franciscan convent in 937:Custody of the Holy Land 830:Custody of the Holy Land 553:Secular Franciscan Order 410:, the rule confirmed by 169:Secular Franciscan Order 39: 8294:Philosophy of canon law 8224:Mariology of the saints 7804:Investiture Controversy 7464:Sisters of Saint Joseph 7247:Little Sisters of Jesus 6999:Society of Saint Edmund 6730:Missionaries of Charity 6523:Prayer of Saint Francis 6400:Saint François d'Assise 6342:The Canticle of the Sun 6252:Saint Francis in Prayer 5201:Lawrence, C.H. (2015). 4960:Esser, Kajetan (1970). 4623:"Breaking In The Habit" 4599:"Breaking In The Habit" 4312:"The Franciscan Orders" 3841:The Image of St Francis 3725:The Image of St Francis 3690:"English translation 2" 3645:"Order of Friars Minor" 3142:Encyclopedia Britannica 2935:Leonard of Port Maurice 2797:, Biblical commentator 2692:based in Jerusalem and 1889:. There they built the 1276:Pope Boniface VIII 1046:Bernardo di Quintavalle 692:Benedictine monasticism 229:are a group of related 71:; 815 years ago 9547:Catholic Charities USA 9181:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 9169:Vatican Polyglot Press 8219:Mariology of the popes 7857:Protestant Reformation 7539:Catholicism portal 7354:Servants of St. Joseph 6917:Discalced Augustinians 6899:Conventual Franciscans 6797: 6634:Augustinian Recollects 6565:Catholicism portal 6316:St. Francis in Ecstasy 6300:St. Francis in Ecstasy 6054:Catholicism portal 5520:Middle Eastern Studies 4559:"Studium Biblicum OFM" 3858:franciscan-archive.org 3239:Bihl, Michael (1913). 2978:Augustin de Vetancourt 2790: 2766:Berthold of Regensburg 2741: 2681: 2595: 2560: 2477:Community of St. Clare 2350: 2349:, a 19th-century friar 2297:Mary Frances Schervier 2220: 2213:Mary Frances Schervier 2153: 2047: 2011: 1992: 1938: 1923: 1865: 1749: 1704: 1698: 1676: 1654: 1629: 1613:Giovanni da Capistrano 1591: 1535: 1526:Separate congregations 1518: 1512: 1506: 1500: 1492:Robert, King of Naples 1473: 1467: 1441: 1434: 1428: 1417: 1411: 1400: 1392:Conventual Franciscans 1362: 1353: 1328: 1322: 1312: 1255:Matthew of Aqua Sparta 1247:Pope Nicholas III 1225:), and his successor, 1200: 1193: 1130: 1079: 1057: 1039: 1004: 982: 917: 905: 820: 753: 649:Bernard of Quintavalle 633: 577: 464: 419: 414: 404: 391: 291:to seek approval from 222: 34:Orders of Friars Minor 9647:Order of Friars Minor 9301:Good Shepherd Sisters 9143:Holy See Press Office 8381:Doctors of the Church 8214:Immaculate Conception 8169:Anointing of the Sick 7704:History of the papacy 7397:Sisters of Holy Cross 7100:Sacred Heart Brothers 7070:Order of Friars Minor 6958:Legionaries of Christ 6795: 6403:(1983 Messiaen opera) 6180:Nativity scene (live) 6112:Order of Friars Minor 5927:Colettine Poor Clares 5892:Order of Friars Minor 5785:Rule of Saint Francis 5568:Order of Friars Minor 5167:Gilliat-Smith, Ernest 4627:Breaking In The Habit 4287:"Third Order Regular" 4103:"Witches in Religion" 4027:English translation 2 4016:English translation 1 3976:English translation 2 3965:English translation 1 3748:. Brill Archive. 1972 3721:English translation 2 3709:English translation 1 3572:Greyfriars in England 3459:Catholic Encyclopedia 3396:Catholic Encyclopedia 3366:Catholic Encyclopedia 3276:10.1353/tam.2014.0136 3248:Catholic Encyclopedia 3008:Breaking in the Habit 2968:to aid friars in the 2962:Bernardino de Sahagún 2774: 2726: 2673: 2631:Columbia Encyclopedia 2589: 2572:Incarnation of Christ 2415:The Community of the 2345: 2211: 2148: 2121:– founded 1410), the 2115:Colettine Poor Clares 2090:Order of Friars Minor 2031: 1987: 1952:Order of Friars Minor 1929:Order of Friars Minor 1918: 1911:Order of Friars Minor 1860:(capital city of the 1851: 1782:Spiritual Franciscans 1740: 1694:Fifth Lateran Council 1648: 1586: 1570:Minorites of Narbonne 1533: 1507:Ad conditorem canonum 1459:Bonagratia of Bergamo 1435:Ad conditorem canonum 1348:Franciscan friary in 1347: 1237:was intending at the 1227:Bonagratia of Bologna 1223:Pope Nicholas IV 1118: 1073: 1024:, for example, where 1005:Speculum perfectionis 955: 738: 716:the hands of Brother 683:Giovanni di San Paolo 627:Rule of Saint Francis 620: 486:Order of Friars Minor 402: 395:Name and demographics 379: 337:Rule of Saint Francis 323:" (formed 1517) and " 297:Rule of Saint Francis 274:Protestant Franciscan 246:Order of Friars Minor 216: 69:24 February 1209 9174:L'Osservatore Romano 9112:Role in civilisation 8838:Croatian and Serbian 8586:Episcopal conference 8548:St. Peter's Basilica 7906:Sexual abuse scandal 7862:Catholic Reformation 6911:De La Salle Brothers 6700:Discalced Carmelites 6311:(studio of El Greco) 6175:Sanctuary of Greccio 6122:Order of Saint Clare 5922:Capuchin Poor Clares 5719:, November 10, 2005) 5645:The Bancroft Library 5593:Order of Saint Clare 4910:. Cloverdale Books. 4851:The Franciscan Story 4764:Burr, David (2010). 4261:"Poor Clare Sisters" 4092:(Brill, 2011) p. 144 3864:on January 12, 2012. 3310:Catholic News Agency 2974:Geronimo de Mendieta 2648:Giuseppe Bastianelli 2582:Visions and stigmata 2564:, also known as the 2481:Order of St. Francis 2289:Hyacintha Mariscotti 2123:Capuchin Poor Clares 2058:Order of Saint Clare 1605:Council of Constance 1513:Quum inter nonnullos 1442:Quum inter nonnullos 1035:Pope Gregory IX 702:Francis's last years 558:religious institutes 465:Ordo Fratrum Minorum 420:Ordo Fratrum Minorum 333:religious institutes 270:Elizabeth of Hungary 254:Order of Saint Clare 40:Ordo Fratrum Minorum 9509:Neocatechumenal Way 9474:Charismatic Renewal 9188:Annuario Pontificio 8786:Particular churches 8462:Ecumenical councils 8234:Perpetual virginity 8069:Communitas perfecta 8013:Sermon on the Mount 6753:Servants of Charity 6646:Basilian Chouerites 6451:Francesco di Assisi 6392:Nobilissima Visione 6159:Canticle of the Sun 5959:Militia Immaculatae 5790:Rule of Saint Clare 5662:Digital Franciscans 5624:(official website). 5603:(official website). 4267:on 23 December 2016 4088:Prudlo, Donald S., 3955:Brooke, pp. 100–101 3688:Pope Nicholas III. 3663:"Exiit qui seminat" 2927:Joseph of Cupertino 2799:Bernardino of Siena 2776:Bernardino of Siena 2622:. According to the 2567:Canticle of the Sun 2515:Old Catholic Church 2321:singleness of heart 2234:Among the men, the 2204:Third Order Regular 2150:Luchesius Modestini 2062:contemplative order 2060:, are members of a 2043:(1284–1344) in the 2039:, in a painting by 1920:Amadeus of Portugal 1862:Kingdom of Portugal 1856:(Saint Anthony) in 1812:Mexican Inquisition 1802:Spanish Inquisition 1609:Bernardino of Siena 1235:Pope Gregory X 1160:and the Franciscan 1143:University of Paris 1097:Crescentius of Jesi 948:Development to 1239 760:, the first German 655:of Rivo Torto near 579:Annuario Pontificio 565:Third Order Regular 367:Bernardino of Siena 152:Parent organization 35: 9346:Premonstratensians 7729:Ante-Nicene period 7607:Lists of Catholics 7365:Sisters of Charity 6946:Holy Ghost Fathers 6817:Albertine Brothers 6798: 6747:Premonstratensians 6640:Basilian Aleppians 6507:Madonna of Foligno 6369:(Reulein oratorio) 5667:2014-08-10 at the 5655:2014-09-02 at the 5635:Research resources 5630:(official website) 5620:2014-08-30 at the 5599:2021-09-16 at the 5582:(official website) 5576:(official website) 5570:(official website) 4682:Holy Name Province 4652:Holy Name Province 4502:2007-09-29 at the 4435:on 26 January 2017 4316:FranciscansTOR.org 4113:on August 12, 2018 4021:2012-01-12 at the 3970:2013-06-06 at the 3715:2011-11-01 at the 3620:2019-12-05 at the 3577:2008-07-05 at the 3523:2019-12-29 at the 3220:. 26 February 2013 3194:. 26 February 2013 2982:Juan de Torquemada 2946:Martín de Valencia 2931:Benedict Groeschel 2887:Pio of Pietrelcina 2879:Alexander of Hales 2807:John of Capistrano 2791: 2746:Alexander of Hales 2742: 2682: 2596: 2561:Laudes Creaturarum 2504:Diocese of Olympia 2489:Lesser Franciscans 2351: 2221: 2154: 2048: 1993: 1924: 1887:Martín de Valencia 1866: 1818:New World missions 1775:Codex Casanatensis 1750: 1668:John of Capistrano 1663:John of Capistrano 1655: 1592: 1536: 1480:Pietro Rainalducci 1463:Louis the Bavarian 1354: 1304:Ubertino of Casale 1131: 1093:Haymo of Faversham 1080: 1026:Alexander of Hales 983: 754: 634: 451:. This order is a 415: 392: 359:they are known as 272:. Several smaller 223: 33: 9629: 9628: 9039: 9038: 8432: 8255: 8254: 7947: 7924: 7923: 7916:COVID-19 pandemic 7886:French Revolution 7876:Thirty Years' War 7784:Islamic conquests 7697:Apostolic fathers 7632: 7547: 7546: 7274:Maryknoll Sisters 7211:Filippini Sisters 7123:Xaverian Brothers 6782:Trinitarian Order 6571: 6570: 6483:Clare and Francis 6443:Francis of Assisi 6408:Samstag aus Licht 6096:Francis of Assisi 6062: 6061: 5496:978-1-57659-196-3 5432:978-0-576-99216-9 5403:978-0-8014-6471-3 5373:978-1-57659-032-4 5345:978-0-8199-0921-3 5317:978-1-57659-079-9 5296:978-1-57659-155-0 5270:978-1-57659-086-7 5242:978-1-57659-069-0 5214:978-1-317-50467-2 5149:978-1-56548-172-5 5122:978-1-56548-114-5 5095:978-1-56548-113-8 5068:978-0-904287-62-2 5001:978-0-8199-0567-3 4973:978-0-8199-0408-9 4945:978-1-57659-065-2 4917:978-1-929569-23-6 4889:978-1-57659-083-6 4861:978-1-84748-141-2 4833:978-1-57659-084-3 4805:978-1-57659-002-7 4777:978-0-271-04138-4 4743:Arnald of Sarrant 3988:"Tierney, p. 181" 3733:978-0-521-78291-3 3478:www.newadvent.org 3288:Project MUSE 3057:Francis of Assisi 2875:François Rabelais 2817:, and historians 2803:William of Ockham 2762:David of Augsburg 2650:, a physician to 2608:Francis of Assisi 2517:. There are some 2347:Oswald Staniforth 2273:Greyfriars School 2229:Angela of Foligno 2137:– founded 1854). 2098:Rule of St. Clare 2082:Francis of Assisi 2056:, officially the 1989:Bernardino Ochino 1794:Bernard Délicieux 1790:Angelo da Clareno 1746:Bernard Délicieux 1560:Angelo da Clareno 1501:Quia vir reprobus 1468:Exiit qui seminat 1455:William of Ockham 1451:Michael of Cesena 1412:Exiit qui seminat 1401:Exivi de Paradiso 1383:Exiit qui seminat 1368:Pope Nicholas III 1363:Exiit qui seminat 1334:Michael of Cesena 1313:Exivi de paradiso 1308:Council of Vienne 1259:Pierre Jean Olivi 1243:Exiit qui seminat 1208:soon after 1260. 1206:David of Augsburg 1201:Expositio regulae 1139:Pope Alexander IV 1020:universities (in 972:Antonio de Pereda 930:Nuper charissimae 918:Sancia di Maiorca 910:Sancha of Majorca 876:. In 1272 sultan 745:Francis of Assisi 726:Francis of Assisi 709:Pope Honorius III 672:Pope Innocent III 490:Franciscan friars 412:Pope Honorius III 388:Francisco Ribalta 347:because of their 293:Pope Innocent III 242:Francis of Assisi 211: 210: 145:Massimo Fusarelli 88:Francis of Assisi 9674: 9619: 9618: 9609: 9608: 9351:Redemptoristines 9199:Religious orders 9125:Anti-Catholicism 9075:Church buildings 8935:Catholic liturgy 8675:Consecrated life 8533:Apostolic Palace 8500:Synod of Bishops 8436: 8435: 8412: 8018:Ten Commandments 7951: 7950: 7933: 7834:Age of Discovery 7668:Great Commission 7636: 7635: 7620: 7574: 7567: 7560: 7551: 7550: 7537: 7536: 7443:Sisters of Mercy 7146:Apostolic Carmel 6598: 6591: 6584: 6575: 6574: 6563: 6562: 6353:(Suter oratorio) 6210:Literature about 6201:World Animal Day 6152:Works by Francis 6146: 6089: 6082: 6075: 6066: 6065: 6052: 6051: 6041: 6036: 6035: 5971: 5877: 5819:Minister General 5800:Franciscan Crown 5769: 5756: 5747: 5740: 5733: 5724: 5723: 5552: 5543: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5395: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5300: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5051: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5012: 5010: 5008: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4854:. Athena Press. 4844: 4842: 4840: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4693: 4684:. Archived from 4673: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4663: 4654:. Archived from 4643: 4637: 4636: 4634: 4633: 4619: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4609: 4595: 4589: 4580: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4570: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4545: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4518:. Archived from 4512: 4506: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4458: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4425: 4419: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4402: 4393:. Archived from 4387: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4377: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4352: 4343:. Archived from 4337: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4327: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4298: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4263:. Archived from 4257: 4251: 4250: 4239: 4233: 4232: 4192: 4186: 4179: 4173: 4172: 4161: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4109:. Archived from 4099: 4093: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4056: 4047: 4046: 4041:. 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Cline 4581: 4577: 4568: 4566: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4543: 4541: 4536:. Answers.com. 4532: 4531: 4527: 4514: 4513: 4509: 4504:Wayback Machine 4491: 4487: 4477: 4475: 4470: 4469: 4465: 4456: 4454: 4445: 4438: 4436: 4429:"Living Simply" 4427: 4426: 4422: 4413: 4409: 4400: 4398: 4389: 4388: 4384: 4375: 4373: 4364: 4363: 4359: 4350: 4348: 4339: 4338: 4334: 4325: 4323: 4310: 4309: 4305: 4296: 4294: 4285: 4284: 4280: 4270: 4268: 4259: 4258: 4254: 4241: 4240: 4236: 4193: 4189: 4180: 4176: 4169:Tablet Magazine 4163: 4162: 4158: 4148: 4146: 4130: 4126: 4116: 4114: 4101: 4100: 4096: 4087: 4083: 4073: 4071: 4058: 4057: 4050: 4037: 4036: 4032: 4023:Wayback Machine 4014: 4010: 4005: 4001: 3992: 3990: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3972:Wayback Machine 3963: 3959: 3954: 3950: 3937: 3936: 3932: 3927: 3923: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3876: 3869: 3852: 3851: 3847: 3838: 3834: 3825: 3823: 3814: 3813: 3798: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3768: 3767: 3760: 3751: 3749: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3717:Wayback Machine 3707: 3703: 3694: 3692: 3686: 3682: 3672: 3670: 3669:on July 3, 2019 3661: 3660: 3656: 3643: 3642: 3638: 3626: 3622:Wayback Machine 3613: 3609: 3600: 3598: 3589: 3588: 3584: 3579:Wayback Machine 3570: 3566: 3557: 3555: 3546: 3545: 3541: 3529: 3525:Wayback Machine 3516: 3509: 3504: 3500: 3495: 3491: 3482: 3480: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3448: 3444: 3436: 3432: 3425: 3408: 3404: 3385: 3374: 3355: 3351: 3342: 3340: 3331: 3330: 3317: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3260: 3256: 3237: 3233: 3223: 3221: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3197: 3195: 3186: 3185: 3181: 3172: 3170: 3162: 3161: 3157: 3148: 3146: 3135: 3134: 3130: 3121: 3120: 3109: 3096: 3095: 3086: 3082: 3077: 3024: 3004:Catholic priest 2958:Andrés de Olmos 2919:Angelico Chavez 2915:Mychal F. Judge 2811:Oliver Maillard 2786: 2734: 2721: 2719:Notable members 2677:(1907–1976) of 2668: 2638:. According to 2584: 2544: 2539: 2465:Anglican Church 2461:Oxford Movement 2457: 2451: 2412: 2383:Graymoor Friars 2363: 2340: 2305: 2206: 2200:based in Rome. 2180: 2160: 2143: 2078:Clare of Assisi 2070:Catholic Church 2033:Clare of Assisi 2026: 2021: 1982: 1960: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1846: 1822:Main articles: 1820: 1799: 1758:Pope Gregory IX 1735: 1727:Main articles: 1725: 1674:issued a bull ( 1643: 1617:Dietrich Coelde 1581: 1572: 1552: 1528: 1418:Quia nonnunquam 1342: 1292: 1239:Council of Lyon 1219: 1214: 1167:The Franciscan 1126: 1068: 978: 963: 950: 945: 935:The Franciscan 922:Pope Clement VI 908:) and his wife 906:Roberto d'Angiò 898:Robert of Anjou 838: 832: 802: 704: 631:Benozzo Gozzoli 615: 610: 563:Members of the 542:, known as the 538:The Franciscan 536: 521: 456:religious order 441: 433:religious habit 397: 305:Clare of Assisi 262:Clare of Assisi 238:Catholic Church 204: 203:Formerly called 193: 188: 172: 157:Catholic Church 153: 141: 133:Peace and good 131: 128: 122: 112: 75: 73: 70: 53: 41: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9680: 9670: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9627: 9626: 9624: 9623: 9613: 9600: 9597: 9596: 9594: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9575: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9533: 9531: 9525: 9524: 9522: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9504:Legion of Mary 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9455: 9454: 9453: 9452: 9442: 9441: 9440: 9433:Lay Carmelites 9430: 9420: 9419: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9392: 9390: 9382: 9381: 9379: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9281:Conceptionists 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9216:Assumptionists 9212: 9210: 9195: 9194: 9192: 9191: 9184: 9177: 9170: 9167: 9166: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9145: 9139: 9137: 9131: 9130: 9128: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9083: 9082: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9061: 9060: 9049: 9047: 9041: 9040: 9037: 9036: 9034: 9033: 9032: 9031: 9030: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8984: 8983: 8982: 8981: 8980: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8939: 8937: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8927: 8926: 8925: 8920: 8918:Syro-Malankara 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8868:Italo-Albanian 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8800: 8794: 8792: 8782: 8781: 8779: 8778: 8777: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8756: 8751: 8750: 8749: 8739: 8738: 8737: 8732: 8722: 8717: 8716: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8686: 8679: 8677: 8671: 8670: 8668: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8651: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8595: 8594: 8593: 8588: 8577: 8575: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8538:Lateran Treaty 8535: 8530: 8525: 8519: 8517: 8511: 8510: 8508: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8496: 8495: 8485: 8484: 8483: 8478: 8464: 8459: 8450: 8448: 8433: 8407: 8406: 8404: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8357: 8356: 8351: 8340: 8338: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8328: 8327: 8326: 8321: 8311: 8310: 8309: 8299: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8274:Moral theology 8271: 8265: 8263: 8257: 8256: 8253: 8252: 8250: 8249: 8244: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8200: 8198: 8192: 8191: 8189: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8177: 8176: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8145: 8143: 8137: 8136: 8134: 8133: 8128: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8104: 8099: 8098: 8097: 8092: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8064: 8062: 8056: 8055: 8053: 8052: 8047: 8046: 8045: 8038: 8033: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7974: 7973: 7968: 7957: 7955: 7948: 7926: 7925: 7922: 7921: 7919: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7872: 7871: 7870: 7869: 7859: 7848: 7846: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7789:Pope Gregory I 7786: 7780: 7778: 7772: 7771: 7769: 7768: 7763: 7761:Biblical canon 7758: 7756:Late antiquity 7753: 7752: 7751: 7746: 7736: 7731: 7725: 7723: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7713: 7712: 7711: 7701: 7700: 7699: 7692:Church fathers 7689: 7688: 7687: 7682: 7672: 7671: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7644: 7642: 7633: 7626:Ecclesiastical 7613: 7612: 7610: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7588: 7585: 7584: 7577: 7576: 7569: 7562: 7554: 7545: 7544: 7542: 7541: 7529: 7527:Catholic laity 7518: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7511: 7506: 7500: 7494: 7488: 7483: 7477: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7440: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7351: 7345: 7339: 7333: 7327: 7322: 7316: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7294: 7289: 7283: 7277: 7271: 7265: 7260: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7227:Hijas de Jesús 7224: 7219: 7214: 7208: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7176: 7170: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7143: 7136: 7134: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7126: 7120: 7114: 7108: 7102: 7097: 7091: 7085: 7079: 7073: 7067: 7061: 7055: 7049: 7044: 7038: 7032: 7026: 7020: 7014: 7008: 7002: 6996: 6990: 6984: 6978: 6972: 6966: 6961: 6955: 6949: 6943: 6937: 6932: 6926: 6920: 6914: 6908: 6902: 6896: 6890: 6884: 6878: 6872: 6866: 6860: 6854: 6849: 6843: 6837: 6831: 6825: 6819: 6814: 6811:Adorno Fathers 6807: 6805: 6801: 6800: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6785: 6779: 6773: 6768: 6762: 6756: 6750: 6744: 6739: 6733: 6727: 6721: 6715: 6709: 6703: 6697: 6691: 6685: 6679: 6673: 6667: 6661: 6655: 6649: 6643: 6637: 6631: 6628:Assumptionists 6625: 6619: 6617: 6609: 6608: 6601: 6600: 6593: 6586: 6578: 6569: 6568: 6556: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6549: 6542: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6513:Wolf of Gubbio 6510: 6503: 6497: 6495: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6487: 6479: 6471: 6463: 6455: 6447: 6439: 6431: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6412: 6404: 6396: 6387: 6385: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6377: 6370: 6362: 6354: 6346: 6338: 6330: 6328: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6320: 6312: 6304: 6296: 6288: 6280: 6272: 6264: 6256: 6248: 6240: 6231: 6229: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6221: 6213: 6211: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6203: 6198: 6192: 6190: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6182: 6177: 6171: 6169: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6161: 6155: 6153: 6149: 6148: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6136: 6135: 6134: 6124: 6119: 6108: 6106: 6100: 6099: 6092: 6091: 6084: 6077: 6069: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6056: 6044: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6022: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5975: 5973: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5950: 5949: 5939: 5934: 5932:Conceptionists 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5888: 5886: 5880: 5879: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5850: 5845: 5842:Monte di Pietá 5838: 5833: 5828: 5827: 5826: 5816: 5815: 5814: 5804: 5803: 5802: 5792: 5787: 5781: 5779: 5775: 5774: 5763: 5760: 5759: 5750: 5749: 5742: 5735: 5727: 5721: 5720: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5672: 5659: 5647: 5636: 5633: 5632: 5631: 5625: 5609: 5606: 5605: 5604: 5588: 5585: 5584: 5583: 5577: 5571: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5557:External links 5555: 5554: 5553: 5544: 5526:(2): 249–267. 5509: 5508: 5495: 5480: 5460:978-0888440334 5459: 5444: 5431: 5416: 5402: 5385: 5372: 5357: 5344: 5329: 5316: 5301: 5295: 5282: 5269: 5254: 5241: 5226: 5213: 5198: 5186:978-0665656316 5185: 5163: 5162: 5161: 5148: 5134: 5121: 5107: 5094: 5080: 5067: 5041: 5029:978-0809124466 5028: 5013: 5000: 4985: 4972: 4957: 4944: 4929: 4916: 4901: 4888: 4873: 4860: 4845: 4832: 4817: 4804: 4789: 4776: 4761: 4739: 4727:978-9728386030 4726: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4698: 4668: 4638: 4614: 4590: 4575: 4550: 4525: 4522:on 2007-11-30. 4507: 4485: 4463: 4420: 4407: 4382: 4357: 4332: 4303: 4278: 4252: 4234: 4213:10.2307/978514 4187: 4174: 4156: 4124: 4094: 4081: 4048: 4045:on 2013-06-03. 4030: 4008: 4006:Brooke, p. 101 3999: 3979: 3957: 3948: 3945:on 2014-06-06. 3930: 3928:Brooke, p. 100 3921: 3918:on 2014-06-06. 3903: 3891:978-0415939300 3890: 3867: 3845: 3832: 3796: 3784:978-0814655221 3783: 3771:Klaus Schatz, 3758: 3737: 3701: 3680: 3654: 3636: 3607: 3582: 3564: 3539: 3507: 3498: 3489: 3465: 3442: 3430: 3424:978-1576591956 3423: 3402: 3372: 3349: 3315: 3297: 3270:(2): 379–380. 3254: 3231: 3205: 3179: 3155: 3128: 3107: 3104:on 2014-02-22. 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3072: 3071: 3065: 3060: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3023: 3020: 2995:, an American 2907:Junipero Serra 2899:Mamerto Esquiú 2801:, philosopher 2780:Jacopo Bellini 2720: 2717: 2667: 2664: 2594:of St. Francis 2592:stigmatization 2583: 2580: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2453:Main article: 2450: 2447: 2446: 2445: 2438:United Nations 2427: 2420: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2406: 2398: 2379: 2362: 2359: 2339: 2336: 2304: 2301: 2285:ecclesiastical 2205: 2202: 2179: 2176: 2172:secular clergy 2156:Main article: 2142: 2139: 2041:Simone Martini 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 1981: 1978: 1959: 1956: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1858:Rio de Janeiro 1832:Junipero Serra 1819: 1816: 1784:and even some 1768:in 1252 while 1724: 1721: 1699:usus moderatus 1682:Pope Sixtus IV 1642: 1639: 1635:Peter Caperolo 1580: 1577: 1571: 1568: 1551: 1548: 1527: 1524: 1519:Quia quorundam 1474:Quia quorundam 1406:Pope John XXII 1396:Pope Clement V 1341: 1338: 1318:Pope John XXII 1296:Pope Clement V 1291: 1288: 1253:(1285–87) and 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1158:Thomas Aquinas 1095:(1240–44) and 1085:Albert of Pisa 1067: 1064: 970:, painting by 949: 946: 944: 941: 926:Gratias agimus 890:Holy Sepulchre 858:Malik al-Kamil 834:Main article: 831: 828: 801: 798: 730:Sacro Convento 703: 700: 678:, Guido, then 614: 611: 609: 606: 598: 597: 594: 591: 588: 573: 572: 569:religious vows 561: 535: 532: 520: 517: 516: 515: 504: 493: 445:Seraphic Order 440: 437: 406:Regula bullata 396: 393: 209: 208: 205: 202: 199: 198: 190:OFM Conventual 182: 178: 177: 166: 160: 159: 154: 151: 148: 147: 142: 139: 136: 135: 123: 120: 117: 116: 113: 110: 107: 106: 103: 99: 98: 95: 91: 90: 85: 81: 80: 67: 63: 62: 59: 55: 54: 51: 43: 42: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9679: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9639: 9637: 9622: 9614: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9601: 9598: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9576: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9552:Home Missions 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9534: 9532: 9530: 9526: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9451: 9448: 9447: 9446: 9445:Saint Francis 9443: 9439: 9436: 9435: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9428:Saint Dominic 9426: 9425: 9424: 9421: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9398: 9397: 9394: 9393: 9391: 9389: 9383: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9241:Bethlehemites 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9213: 9211: 9209: 9205: 9200: 9196: 9190: 9189: 9185: 9183: 9182: 9178: 9176: 9175: 9171: 9168: 9164: 9163:Vatican Radio 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9150: 9149: 9148:Vatican Media 9146: 9144: 9141: 9140: 9138: 9136: 9132: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9081: 9078: 9077: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9059: 9056: 9055: 9054: 9051: 9050: 9048: 9046: 9042: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9009: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8989: 8988: 8985: 8979: 8976: 8975: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8945: 8944: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8936: 8932: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8805: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8791: 8787: 8783: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8761: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8748: 8745: 8744: 8743: 8740: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8727: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8695: 8692: 8691: 8690: 8687: 8684: 8681: 8680: 8678: 8676: 8672: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8600: 8599: 8596: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8583: 8582: 8579: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8569: 8565: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8520: 8518: 8516: 8512: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8494: 8491: 8490: 8489: 8486: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8473: 8472: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8452: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8445:List of popes 8441: 8437: 8434: 8431: 8427: 8423: 8419: 8415: 8408: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8346: 8345: 8342: 8341: 8339: 8337: 8333: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8316: 8315: 8312: 8308: 8305: 8304: 8303: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8266: 8264: 8262: 8258: 8248: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8229:Mother of God 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8201: 8199: 8197: 8193: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8175: 8172: 8171: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8146: 8144: 8142: 8138: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8126: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8114:People of God 8112: 8110: 8109: 8105: 8103: 8102:Infallibility 8100: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8087: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8070: 8066: 8065: 8063: 8061: 8057: 8051: 8048: 8044: 8043: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7978:Body and soul 7976: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7963: 7962: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7952: 7949: 7946: 7945: 7940: 7936: 7931: 7927: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7881:Enlightenment 7879: 7877: 7874: 7868: 7865: 7864: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7854: 7853: 7852:Protestantism 7850: 7849: 7847: 7845: 7841: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7829:Scholasticism 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7814:Schism (1378) 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7799:Schism (1054) 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7781: 7779: 7777: 7773: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7741: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7726: 7724: 7722: 7718: 7710: 7707: 7706: 7705: 7702: 7698: 7695: 7694: 7693: 7690: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7677: 7676: 7673: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7650: 7649: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7641: 7637: 7634: 7631: 7627: 7623: 7618: 7614: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7589: 7586: 7582: 7575: 7570: 7568: 7563: 7561: 7556: 7555: 7552: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7519: 7516: 7510: 7509:White Sisters 7507: 7504: 7501: 7498: 7495: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7481: 7478: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7444: 7441: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7355: 7352: 7349: 7346: 7343: 7340: 7337: 7334: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7320: 7317: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7287: 7284: 7281: 7278: 7275: 7272: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7212: 7209: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7180: 7177: 7174: 7171: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7147: 7144: 7141: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7131: 7124: 7121: 7118: 7115: 7112: 7109: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7095: 7092: 7089: 7088:Redemptorists 7086: 7083: 7080: 7077: 7074: 7071: 7068: 7065: 7062: 7059: 7056: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7042: 7039: 7036: 7033: 7030: 7027: 7024: 7021: 7018: 7015: 7012: 7009: 7006: 7003: 7000: 6997: 6994: 6991: 6988: 6985: 6982: 6979: 6976: 6973: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6959: 6956: 6953: 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6444: 6440: 6437: 6436: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6417: 6410: 6409: 6405: 6402: 6401: 6397: 6395:(1938 ballet) 6394: 6393: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6382: 6376: 6375: 6371: 6368: 6367: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6358:Légende No. 1 6355: 6352: 6351: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6339: 6336: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6325: 6318: 6317: 6313: 6310: 6309: 6305: 6302: 6301: 6297: 6294: 6293: 6289: 6286: 6285: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6276:São Francisco 6273: 6270: 6269: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6257: 6254: 6253: 6249: 6246: 6245: 6241: 6238: 6237: 6233: 6232: 6230: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6215: 6214: 6212: 6208: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6187: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6166: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6150: 6145: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6104:Organisations 6101: 6097: 6090: 6085: 6083: 6078: 6076: 6071: 6070: 6067: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6043: 6042: 6030: 6029: 6026: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 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4494: 4489: 4473: 4467: 4453:on 2017-01-03 4452: 4448: 4434: 4430: 4424: 4417: 4414:For example, 4411: 4397:on 2010-09-02 4396: 4392: 4386: 4372:on 2013-07-23 4371: 4367: 4361: 4347:on 2018-12-19 4346: 4342: 4336: 4322:on 2008-07-23 4321: 4317: 4313: 4307: 4293:on 2013-06-09 4292: 4288: 4282: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4248: 4244: 4238: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4191: 4184: 4178: 4170: 4166: 4160: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4136: 4128: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4098: 4091: 4085: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4055: 4053: 4044: 4040: 4034: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4017: 4012: 4003: 3989: 3983: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3966: 3961: 3952: 3944: 3940: 3934: 3925: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3893: 3887: 3883: 3882: 3874: 3872: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3849: 3842: 3836: 3822:on 2013-05-22 3821: 3817: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3786: 3780: 3776: 3775: 3773:Papal Primacy 3772: 3765: 3763: 3747: 3741: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3705: 3691: 3684: 3668: 3664: 3658: 3650: 3649:newadvent.org 3646: 3640: 3633: 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2214: 2210: 2201: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2190:Pope Leo XIII 2187: 2186: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2159: 2151: 2147: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2111:constitutions 2108: 2104: 2100: 2099: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2054: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2016: 2013: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1999: 1990: 1986: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1966: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1944:Pope Leo XIII 1940: 1935: 1931: 1930: 1921: 1917: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1803: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1771: 1770:John of Parma 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1730: 1720: 1718: 1713: 1711: 1706: 1700: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1659:Pope Martin V 1652: 1647: 1638: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1590: 1585: 1576: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1532: 1523: 1520: 1514: 1508: 1502: 1497: 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763: 759: 751: 747: 746: 742: 737: 733: 731: 727: 723: 719: 714: 710: 699: 697: 693: 689: 688:Matthew Paris 684: 681: 677: 673: 669: 664: 662: 658: 654: 650: 645: 643: 639: 632: 628: 624: 619: 605: 603: 595: 592: 589: 586: 585: 584: 581: 580: 570: 566: 562: 559: 555: 554: 549: 548: 547: 545: 541: 531: 528: 527: 513: 509: 505: 502: 498: 494: 491: 487: 483: 482: 481: 477: 475: 471: 466: 461: 457: 454: 450: 446: 436: 434: 430: 426: 421: 413: 408: 407: 401: 389: 385: 383: 382:Saint Francis 378: 374: 372: 368: 364: 363: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 329:Pope Leo XIII 326: 322: 318: 312: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 285: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 232: 228: 220: 215: 206: 200: 196: 191: 186: 183: 179: 175: 170: 167: 165: 161: 158: 155: 149: 146: 143: 137: 134: 127: 124: 118: 114: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 89: 86: 82: 68: 64: 60: 56: 49: 44: 37: 29: 22: 9591:Universities 9423:Third orders 9386:Associations 9376:Visitandines 9371:Trinitarians 9321:Mercedarians 9306:Hieronymites 9295: 9251:Camaldoleses 9236:Benedictines 9226:Augustinians 9186: 9179: 9172: 9153:Vatican News 9107:Distinctions 8913:Syro-Malabar 8798:Latin Church 8720:Grand master 8618:Metropolitan 8515:Vatican City 8410:Organisation 8289:Philosophers 8154:Confirmation 8131:In canon law 8125:Subsistit in 8123: 8119:Three states 8106: 8067: 8060:Ecclesiology 8042:Nova Vulgata 8040: 7998:Original sin 7993:Nicene Creed 7983:Divine grace 7942: 7824:Universities 7794:Papal States 7721:Great Church 7663:Resurrection 7640:Early Church 7523:Third orders 7011:Mechitarists 6822:Augustinians 6724:Mercedarians 6711: 6658:Bridgettines 6652:Benedictines 6544: 6533:Pope Francis 6505: 6486: (2007) 6481: 6478: (2002) 6473: 6470: (1989) 6465: 6462: (1972) 6457: 6454: (1966) 6449: 6446: (1961) 6441: 6438: (1950) 6433: 6430: (1918) 6425: 6406: 6398: 6390: 6372: 6364: 6357: 6348: 6340: 6314: 6306: 6298: 6290: 6282: 6274: 6266: 6263:(Caravaggio) 6258: 6255:(Caravaggio) 6250: 6247:(Caravaggio) 6242: 6239:(Caravaggio) 6234: 6216: 6103: 6037: 5852: 5840: 5766: 5753: 5716: 5587:Second Order 5548: 5523: 5519: 5511: 5510: 5500:. 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Retrieved 3145:. 2024-01-18 3140: 3131: 3102:the original 3015: 3011: 3007: 2990: 2939: 2923:Anton Docher 2868: 2861: 2843: 2827: 2823:Antoine Pagi 2819:Luke Wadding 2815:Michel Menot 2805:, preachers 2792: 2743: 2706: 2683: 2629: 2623: 2597: 2565: 2555: 2552:original sin 2545: 2542:Spirituality 2531: 2508: 2493: 2458: 2441: 2352: 2325: 2316: 2310: 2306: 2281: 2277:Billy Bunter 2264:The Newcomes 2262: 2256: 2248: 2233: 2222: 2194:Pope Paul VI 2183: 2181: 2163: 2161: 2134: 2126: 2118: 2106: 2096: 2094: 2057: 2051: 2049: 2019:Second Order 2007:Matteo Bassi 2002: 1996: 1994: 1969: 1963: 1961: 1933: 1927: 1925: 1867: 1798: 1779: 1774: 1751: 1741: 1714: 1709: 1656: 1624: 1593: 1573: 1553: 1537: 1448: 1382: 1380: 1355: 1293: 1242: 1220: 1212:14th century 1166: 1151:Alexander IV 1135:Frederick II 1132: 1106: 1083:in favor of 1081: 1054: 1040:Quo elongati 1018: 997: 992: 984: 934: 929: 925: 874:Via Dolorosa 862:Christianity 839: 803: 755: 741:Honorius III 739: 705: 665: 653:leper colony 646: 638:Matthew 10:9 635: 623:Innocent III 599: 574: 564: 551: 537: 524: 522: 519:Second Order 511: 500: 489: 478: 473: 469: 462:name is the 448: 444: 442: 428: 424: 416: 380: 360: 344: 340: 317:First Orders 313: 301:Jesus Christ 286: 284:traditions. 252:such as the 226: 224: 195:OFM Capuchin 164:Subsidiaries 132: 126:Pax et bonum 125: 111:Membership 102:Headquarters 58:Abbreviation 9642:Franciscans 9581:Health care 9567:Pax Christi 9519:Schoenstatt 9484:Sant'Egidio 9316:Legionaries 9296:Franciscans 9271:Cistercians 9266:Carthusians 9221:Annonciades 9080:Altarpieces 8973:West Syriac 8968:East Syriac 8948:Alexandrian 8572:Holy orders 8553:Swiss Guard 8493:Dicasteries 8488:Roman Curia 8386:Evangelists 8344:Holy Family 8279:Personalism 8269:Natural law 8247:Josephology 8181:Holy orders 7819:Inquisition 7776:Middle Ages 7766:Monasticism 7734:Constantine 7658:Crucifixion 7330:Poor Clares 7076:Passionists 6935:Gabrielites 6712:Franciscans 6682:Cistercians 6676:Carthusians 6475:St. Francis 6366:Laudato si' 6279:(Gonçalves) 6009:Clement XIV 5989:Nicholas IV 5917:Poor Clares 5772:(1181–1226) 5755:Franciscans 5717:In Our Time 5608:Third Order 5562:First Order 5112:The Prophet 5085:The Founder 4149:12 November 3068:Tomás Manso 2944:, included 2866:, xi. 50). 2850:Bonaventure 2758:Roger Bacon 2750:Bonaventure 2728:Roger Bacon 2640:Answers.com 2496:Puget Sound 2485:Third Order 2405:Immaculate. 2141:Third Order 2103:Innocent IV 2086:Palm Sunday 2053:Poor Clares 2037:Poor Clares 2024:Poor Clares 1906:First Order 1729:Inquisition 1705:usus arctus 1670:'s request 1641:Unification 1564:Pope Pius V 1461:. In 1324, 1290:Persecution 1268:Celestine V 1204:written by 1162:Bonaventure 1120:Bonaventure 1078:in Portugal 1050:Monte Sefro 1000:Brother Leo 966:) with the 668:Peter Waldo 642:Evangelical 540:third order 534:Third Order 526:Poor Clares 449:Franciscans 439:First Order 371:Cistercians 362:Bernardines 321:Conventuals 309:Poor Clares 227:Franciscans 221:(1223–1224) 9636:Categories 9336:Oratorians 9291:Dominicans 9261:Carmelites 9256:Camillians 9204:institutes 9017:Tridentine 8953:Antiochian 8873:Macedonian 8818:Belarusian 8708:Provincial 8623:Archbishop 8543:Roman Rota 8505:Properties 8430:By country 8426:Precedence 8391:Confessors 8371:Archangels 8361:Patriarchs 8261:Philosophy 8239:Veneration 8204:Assumption 8174:Last rites 8141:Sacraments 8085:Four marks 7896:Vatican II 7844:Modern era 7680:Succession 7521:See also: 7162:Brigidines 6952:Josephites 6940:Holy Cross 6901:(OFM Conv) 6887:Claretians 6846:Camillians 6828:Barnabites 6706:Dominicans 6670:Carmelites 6664:Canossians 6427:Frate Sole 6319:(Zurbarán) 6295:(van Eyck) 6287:(Zurbarán) 6284:St Francis 6228:Visual art 6019:John XXIII 5979:Gregory IX 5885:and groups 4692:2023-01-18 4662:2023-01-18 4632:2023-01-18 4608:2023-01-18 4569:2019-10-25 4544:2013-06-16 4478:29 January 4457:2017-01-22 4439:21 January 4401:2010-07-20 4376:2013-06-16 4351:2018-12-18 4326:2007-07-10 4297:2013-06-16 4271:9 December 4144:1410824809 4117:October 1, 4107:New Advent 4074:October 1, 4064:New Advent 3993:2024-08-29 3897:2024-08-29 3826:2013-06-16 3790:2024-08-29 3752:2013-06-16 3695:2013-06-16 3673:January 5, 3601:2013-06-16 3558:2019-12-29 3483:2020-04-19 3343:2013-06-16 3173:2022-05-09 3149:2024-02-25 3075:References 3032:New Mexico 2997:Franciscan 2993:Casey Cole 2616:physicians 2332:Pope Leo X 2293:Napoleonic 2113:, are the 2074:Franciscan 1786:Observants 1762:Dominicans 1630:cappuciola 1601:Fraticelli 1544:Fraticelli 1272:Celestines 1231:Spirituals 988:Gregory IX 886:Mount Zion 786:Canterbury 782:Greyfriars 776:. 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